CN114793526B - Method for manually accelerating reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions - Google Patents
Method for manually accelerating reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions Download PDFInfo
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- CN114793526B CN114793526B CN202210438039.6A CN202210438039A CN114793526B CN 114793526 B CN114793526 B CN 114793526B CN 202210438039 A CN202210438039 A CN 202210438039A CN 114793526 B CN114793526 B CN 114793526B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for manually accelerating reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions, which comprises the following steps: waste earth and stone of mining abandoned land is collected and crushed, and agricultural and forestry solid waste is dried, and then the waste earth and stone and the agricultural and forestry solid waste are fully mixed for standby; carrying out co-pyrolysis and weathering on the mixture in an anoxic state; leveling and ploughing the mining abandoned land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathered product above to obtain a covering layer; adding silicate bacteria into the obtained coating, mixing, and planting. According to the invention, biomass and waste earth and stones are subjected to co-pyrolysis, so that the organic carbon content of soil is effectively increased, the soil fertility is improved, the weathering of the waste earth and stones is accelerated, and the release of nutrient elements in secondary minerals is promoted by sulfate bacteria. According to the invention, by means of a method for manually accelerating reconstruction of the condition of the mining abandoned land, the nutrient element content of the soil is improved, sulfur and carbon are fixed, and heavy metals are stabilized, so that the condition of the land is provided for further mine reclamation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of mining abandoned land restoration, and particularly relates to a method for manually accelerating reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions.
Background
Mining waste land refers to land which is destroyed and occupied by mining activities and cannot be used without being remedied, and comprises exposed mining rock ports, waste soil (stone and slag) piles, coal gangue piles, tailing ponds, waste workshops and other building lands, underground mining subsidence land, and barren lands with mining subsidence hidden danger in the underground mining subsidence land and the like. The reasons for the formation of the waste land include a resource exhaustion type, a resource forbidden type, a mining rich and lean type, and a mining waste land in which a characteristic rapid occurrence of a sliding collapse disaster, a mining collapse type, and a tailing accumulation type are formed by irregular mining. The problems of mine reclamation and ecological restoration, such as more stones, less soil, poor site conditions, lack of nutrient elements, lack of covering soil sources necessary for vegetation restoration and the like, exist in mining abandoned lands such as a large number of tailing yards.
At present, many researches on restoration of mining waste land are carried out, for example, CN112934947A discloses an ecological restoration method of mining waste land, which comprises the steps of carrying out hydrothermal carbonization on crushed waste biomass, adding nutrient solution, uniformly mixing eutrophic hydrothermal carbon, water-absorbent minerals, biomacromolecule, water absorbent monomer, cross-linking agent and inducer, carrying out polymerization reaction to obtain modifier, and finally adding the modifier into soil of mining waste land for modification. Although the modifier with rich nutrients, slow release effect of nutrients and water retention capacity is obtained by the method, basically, the ore in situ in the mine abandoned land is not treated, the problem of nutrient element deficiency is improved only by adding the modifier prepared by a large amount of complex components, and the problems of more stones, less soil and poor site conditions in the mine abandoned land are not solved. In addition, CN108271454A discloses a method for repairing the abandoned pyrite mine site, which comprises the steps of excavating the site to be treated to obtain a backfill pit and an acidic matrix to be repaired; preparing an improver, and mixing the prepared improver with an acidic matrix to be repaired to obtain a repaired acidic matrix; paving rubble into the backfill pit as an isolation flow guide layer; backfilling the repaired acid matrix into a backfill pit paved with rubble, and planting vegetation after covering with surface soil. The method also only improves the problem of nutrient deficiency by adding an improver, the acid resistance of the rubble isolation diversion layer, and the addition of slaked lime and the like for acid improvement and heavy metal stabilization, has the problems of complex added raw materials, high cost and low availability, and also does not relate to the problem of poor multi-site conditions of the mine abandoned nature ore.
Therefore, in order to implement the soil treatment of the waste soil Dan Zhongkuang stone and improve the soil structure in the mining waste land and solve the problem of mineral nutrient element deficiency, a great amount of mining waste land is allowed to recover the original vegetation condition, and a method for manually accelerating the reconstruction of the condition of the mining waste land is necessary to be invented.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for manually accelerating the reconstruction of the mining abandoned land condition, which enables the waste earth and stones and biomass to be co-pyrolyzed, and can effectively improve the problem of lack of soil nutrient elements, thereby enabling the soil to achieve sulfur fixation and carbon fixation and providing a front-stage foundation for the reconstruction of the mining abandoned land.
The object of the invention is achieved in that the method for manually accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting waste earth and stones of mining waste land, crushing, drying agriculture and forestry solid waste, and fully mixing the waste earth and stones for later use;
s2, performing co-pyrolysis weathering on the waste earth and stone obtained in the step (1) and the solid waste mixture of agriculture and forestry in an anoxic state;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathered product obtained in the step 2 to normal temperature, leveling and ploughing the mining abandoned land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathered product above to obtain a covering layer;
s4, adding silicate bacteria into the covering layer obtained in the step 3, uniformly mixing, and finally planting plants.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mining abandoned land is one or more of a bare mining rock hole, a waste earth and rock pile, a waste earth and slag pile, a coal gangue pile, a tailing pond and a abandoned factory building, and the broken grain size of the waste earth and rock is not less than 100mm.
Preferably, the waste earth and stones of the mining abandoned land are one or more of limestone, marble and dolomite.
Preferably, the agricultural and forestry solid waste in the step (1) comprises one or more of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure and fruit and vegetable waste, and the moisture content is not higher than 50%.
Preferably, the co-pyrolysis weathering temperature in the step (2) is 500-800 ℃ and the reaction time is 40-100min.
Preferably, the thickness of the covering layer in the step (3) is 10-25cm.
Preferably, the cover layer obtained in the step (3) is subjected to freeze thawing cycle, specifically, water is sprayed to the cover layer in winter with the temperature of the mining abandoned land being higher than or equal to zero at daytime and lower than zero at night, the water spraying amount is not higher than the saturated water content of the cover layer, the cover layer is frozen until the cover layer is frozen at night after water spraying, and the cover layer is uncovered; and spraying water to ensure that the film is frozen at night according to the condition that the cover layer is melted in daytime, and circulating until the night air temperature is higher than zero.
Preferably, the silicate bacteria in step (4) are commercially available phosphate and potassium solubilizing bacteria.
Preferably, the silicate bacteria in step (4) are bacillus mucilaginosus.
Preferably, the silicate bacteria concentration in step (4) is 10 3- 10 9 cfu/g，PH5-8。
Preferably, the temperature of the coating layer in step (4) is 15-45 ℃.
Preferably, the plant in the step (4) comprises any one or more of sea buckthorn, amorpha fruticosa, sabina chinensis, locust tree, fructus forsythiae, mulberry bark, caragana microphylla, willow, pine bark and willow, and the plant is planted according to the conventional planting, irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease protection.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the invention, the waste earth and stone with more soil and less quantity of surface stone in mining waste land and biomass are subjected to co-pyrolysis, so that on one hand, the weathering of stone blocks can be accelerated, and on the other hand, the biomass and the waste earth and stone are subjected to pyrolysis process, so that biochar and the waste earth and stone are tightly combined, sulfur fixation and carbon fixation are realized, and heavy metal is stabilized.
2. The invention has the function of accelerating the biological differentiation of ores by adding silicate bacteria, and promotes the release of nutrient elements, thereby being combined with biomass pyrolysis, accelerating the weathering process artificially, being capable of radically reconstructing the site conditions of mining waste lands and laying a foundation for subsequent mine reclamation and ecological restoration.
3. According to the invention, the solid wastes of agriculture and forestry are pyrolyzed, the soil is promoted to achieve the carbon fixing effect, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, the reutilization of the solid wastes of agriculture and forestry is realized, the heavy metals are fixed, and the obtained biochar is used as a carbon source to provide nutrient substances for the addition of silicate bacteria.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but is not limited in any way, by the following examples, and any alterations or substitutions based on the teachings of the invention are within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A method for manually accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting waste earth and stone of mining waste land, crushing, drying agriculture and forestry solid waste, and fully mixing the waste earth and stone for later use; the mining abandoned land is a copper tailing pond, and the broken grain size of the waste earth and stones is not less than 10mm. The agricultural and forestry solid waste comprises a mixture of crop straw, livestock and poultry manure and fruit and vegetable waste, and the water content is not higher than 50%.
S2, performing co-pyrolysis weathering on the waste earth and stone obtained in the step (1) and the agriculture and forestry solid waste mixture in an anoxic state, wherein the co-pyrolysis weathering temperature is 500 ℃, and the reaction time is 100min;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathered product obtained in the step 2 to normal temperature, leveling and ploughing the mining abandoned land, and then covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathered product on the upper part to obtain a covering layer with the thickness of 25 cm; the method comprises the steps of manually accelerating reconstruction and selection of the condition of the abandoned mining land in winter, carrying out freezing and thawing cycle on the obtained covering layer by means of weather conditions for 8 days when the lowest air temperature of the place where the tailing pond is located is 2 months and night is lower than-1 ℃, spraying water on the covering layer, spraying water with the water quantity being 80% of the saturated water content of the covering layer, covering a film until the covering layer is frozen at night after spraying water, and uncovering the film; and then water is sprayed according to the condition that the covering layer is melted in the daytime to ensure that the water content is 80% of the saturated water content, and the water is circulated until the night air temperature is higher than zero.
S4, adding bacillus mucilaginosus into the covering layer obtained in the step 3 when the temperature of the covering layer is not lower than 15 ℃ in spring, wherein the concentration is 10 3 cfu/g, PH5, and finally planting plants. The plant comprises sea buckthorn and amorpha fruticosa, and the plant is planted according to conventional planting, irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease protection. The plant planting survival rate of the embodiment is higher than 90%.
Example 2
A method for manually accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting waste earth and stone of mining waste land, crushing, drying agriculture and forestry solid waste, and fully mixing the waste earth and stone for later use; the mining abandoned land is a waste earth and stone pile, and the broken grain size of the waste earth and stone is not less than 100mm. The agricultural and forestry solid waste comprises crop straws, and the moisture content is not higher than 30%.
S2, performing co-pyrolysis weathering on the waste earth and stone obtained in the step (1) and the agriculture and forestry solid waste mixture in an anoxic state, wherein the co-pyrolysis weathering temperature is 800 ℃, and the reaction time is 40min;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathered product obtained in the step 2 to normal temperature, leveling and ploughing the mining abandoned land, and then covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathered product on the upper part to obtain a covering layer with the thickness of 10 cm; the method comprises the steps of manually accelerating reconstruction of the condition of the mining abandoned land in winter, carrying out freeze thawing cycle on the obtained covering layer by means of weather conditions for 14 days when the lowest temperature of the place where the abandoned earth and stone pile is located is lower than-1 ℃ in 2 months, spraying water on the covering layer, spraying water with the water amount which is 90% of the saturated water content of the covering layer, covering the covering layer until the covering layer is frozen at night after spraying water, and uncovering the covering layer; spraying water to 90% of saturated water content according to the condition that the covering layer is melted in daytime, and enabling the covering film to be frozen at night, and circulating until the night air temperature is higher than zero.
S4, adding commercial phosphate and potassium decomposing bacteria with concentration of 10 into the covering layer obtained in the step 3 when the temperature of the covering layer is 15-45 ℃ in spring 9 cfu/g, PH8, and finally planting plants. The plants comprise sabina chinensis, locust tree and willow, and the planting of the plants is conventional planting, irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease protection. The planting survival rate of the plants in the embodiment is higher than 92%.
Example 3
A method for manually accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting waste earth and stone of mining waste land, crushing, drying agriculture and forestry solid waste, and fully mixing the waste earth and stone for later use; the mining abandoned land is a bare abandoned factory building, and the broken grain size of the waste earth and stones is not less than 50mm. The agricultural and forestry solid waste comprises crop straw and fruit and vegetable waste, and the moisture content is not higher than 40%.
S2, performing co-pyrolysis and weathering on the waste earth and stone obtained in the step (1) and the agriculture and forestry solid waste mixture in an anoxic state, wherein the co-pyrolysis and weathering temperature is 600 ℃, and the reaction time is 60 minutes;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathered product obtained in the step 2 to normal temperature, leveling and ploughing the mining abandoned land, and then covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathered product on the upper part to obtain a covering layer with the thickness of 20 cm; the method comprises the steps of manually accelerating reconstruction of conditions of a mining abandoned land in winter, wherein the minimum air temperature of the place in the abandoned factory is lower than-1 ℃ for 10 days in the 2 months and nights, performing freeze thawing cycle on an obtained covering layer by means of weather conditions, spraying water on the covering layer, wherein the water spraying amount is not higher than 70% of the saturated water content of the covering layer, spraying water, covering a film until the covering layer is frozen at night, and uncovering the film; and spraying water to ensure that the film is frozen at night according to the condition that the cover layer is melted in daytime, and circulating until the night air temperature is higher than zero.
S4, adding silicate bacteria into the covering layer obtained in the step 3 when the temperature of the covering layer is 15-35 ℃ in spring, wherein the concentration is 10 6- cfu/g, PH7, and finally planting plants. The plants comprise weeping forsythiae capsule, mulberry leaf and caragana microphylla, and the planting of the plants is conventional planting, irrigation, fertilization and pest and disease protection. The plant planting survival rate of the embodiment is higher than 95%.
Claims (9)
1. A method for manually accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions, comprising the steps of:
s1, collecting waste earth and stones of mining waste land, crushing, drying agriculture and forestry solid waste, and fully mixing the waste earth and stones for later use;
s2, performing co-pyrolysis weathering on the waste earth and stone obtained in the step (1) and the solid waste mixture of agriculture and forestry in an anoxic state;
s3, cooling the co-pyrolysis weathered product obtained in the step 2 to normal temperature, leveling and ploughing the mining abandoned land, and covering the cooled co-pyrolysis weathered product above to obtain a covering layer; the obtained covering layer is subjected to freeze thawing cycle, specifically, in winter with the daytime temperature above and the nighttime temperature below zero in mining abandoned land, water is sprayed on the covering layer, the water spraying amount is not higher than the saturated water content of the covering layer, the covering layer is coated until the covering layer is frozen at night after water spraying, and the covering layer is uncovered; spraying water to ensure that the film is frozen at night according to the condition that the cover layer is melted in daytime, and circulating until the night air temperature is higher than zero;
s4, adding silicate bacteria into the covering layer obtained in the step 3, uniformly mixing, and finally planting plants.
2. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mining abandoned land is one or more of a bare mining rock opening, a waste earth pile, a waste earth and slag pile, a coal gangue pile, a tailing pond and a abandoned factory, and the broken grain size of the waste earth and stone is not less than 100mm.
3. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of mining waste site conditions according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural and forestry solid waste in the step (1) comprises one or more of crop straw, livestock manure, and fruit and vegetable waste, and the drying is performed until the water content is not higher than 50%.
4. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions according to claim 1, wherein the co-pyrolysis weathering temperature in the step (2) is 500-800 ℃ and the reaction time is 40-100min.
5. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the cover layer in the step (3) is 10-25cm.
6. The method of artificially accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions according to claim 1, wherein the silicate bacteria in the step (4) are commercially available phosphate-decomposing potassium-decomposing bacteria.
7. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned place conditions according to claim 1, wherein the silicate bacteria concentration in the step (4) is 10 3 -10 9 cfu/g，PH5-8。
8. The method for artificially accelerating the reconstruction of mining abandoned land conditions according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of the coating layer at the time of silicate bacteria addition in the step (4) is 15-45 ℃.
9. The method of artificially accelerating the reconstruction of mining waste site conditions according to claim 1, wherein the plant of step (4) comprises any one or more of seabuckthorn, amorpha fruticosa, sabina chinensis, locust tree, weeping forsythiae capsule, mulberry leaf, caragana microphylla, salix mongolica, conifer bark, willow.
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| CN115417703B (en) * | 2022-09-09 | 2023-12-12 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for carrying out nonferrous metal tailing soil formation by using volcanic ash as main raw material |
| CN115443879A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-09 | 中国矿业大学 | Preparation method of matrix coal gangue and seedling raising matrix based on coal gangue |
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