CN115218695A - Porous runner heat exchanger and processing method - Google Patents
Porous runner heat exchanger and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN115218695A CN115218695A CN202210904649.0A CN202210904649A CN115218695A CN 115218695 A CN115218695 A CN 115218695A CN 202210904649 A CN202210904649 A CN 202210904649A CN 115218695 A CN115218695 A CN 115218695A
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Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
- F28D9/0031—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other
- F28D9/0037—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one heat-exchange medium being formed by paired plates touching each other the conduits for the other heat-exchange medium also being formed by paired plates touching each other
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/26—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass heat exchangers or the like
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
- F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
- F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a heat exchanger with a porous runner and a processing method, wherein in the processing method, an upper wall runner is machined on a heat exchanger plate; preparing the porous medium particles into sticky mixed particle powder; filling the mixed particle powder into the whole upper wall surface flow passage so as to form a particle porous bonding layer in the upper wall surface flow passage in a bonding manner; and carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the single heat exchanger plate to enable the porous medium particles in the mixed particle powder and the porous medium particles to be metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel so as to prepare the single-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger. The processing method provided by the invention can simultaneously complete hot-pressing sintering of the internal parts of porous medium particles, the mutual connection of heat exchanger plates and the like, so as to solve the problem that the processing difficulty is increased and the realization is difficult due to the scheme of improving the specific surface area and the heat exchange efficiency by designing the size of a small single flow passage in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of printed circuit board type heat exchangers, relates to the machining direction of heat exchangers, and particularly relates to a porous flow channel heat exchanger and a machining method.
Background
The heat exchange is an important link in energy transfer and conversion, and in many industrial production processes, the efficient and compact heat exchanger is researched and developed, so that the heat exchange performance is promoted, the size of heat exchange equipment is reduced, the occupied space and investment cost of a heat exchange system are optimized, and meanwhile, the effects of energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.
The micro-channel heat exchanger represented by a printed circuit board heat exchanger (PCHE) has the advantages of compact structure, large specific surface area and high heat exchange efficiency, and is considered to be the first choice for efficient heat exchange in a limited space or under a high-temperature and high-pressure working condition.
However, the PCHE mainly improves the specific surface area through a smaller flow passage size, and the specific surface area of the millimeter-scale flow passage PCHE can reach 5000m 2 /m 3 The PCHE plates are connected by diffusion welding, wherein the diffusion welding is realized by pressing a weldment in a vacuum or reducing gas atmosphere, applying a certain temperature and pressure, and keeping for a certain time to complete the connection between the plates, and the welding temperature is generally 0.5-0.8T Melting (T Fusion furnace Melting point), the applied pressure is small.
However, the PCHE with such a small single flow passage size can bring difficulty to processing due to further reduction of the flow passage size or change of the flow passage type, and a problem of blockage of part of the flow passages can also exist, so that the specific surface area of the PCHE is difficult to increase.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a porous flow channel heat exchanger and a processing method thereof, and aims to solve the problem that in the prior art, the processing difficulty is increased and the realization is difficult due to the scheme of improving the specific surface area and the heat exchange efficiency by the small size design of a single flow channel.
In a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for manufacturing a single-layer porous flow-channel heat exchanger, comprising:
machining the heat exchanger plate to form an upper wall surface flow channel;
preparing the porous medium particles into sticky mixed particle powder;
filling the mixed particle powder into the whole upper wall surface flow passage so as to form a particle porous bonding layer in the upper wall surface flow passage in a bonding manner;
and carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the single heat exchanger plate to enable metallurgical bonding to be generated between the porous medium particles in the mixed particle powder and between the porous medium particles and the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel, so as to form a particle porous sintering layer tightly bonded with the upper wall surface flow channel, and further obtain the single-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger.
In a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for processing a multi-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger, comprising:
machining each heat exchanger plate to form at least 1 upper wall surface flow channel;
preparing the porous medium particles into sticky mixed particle powder;
filling each upper wall surface flow channel with the mixed particle powder to form a particle porous bonding layer in the upper wall surface flow channel in a bonding mode;
and completely and oppositely stacking a plurality of heat exchanger plates according to the sequence that the upper wall surface flow channel faces the same direction, keeping the stacking stability and longitudinally pressing to make adjacent heat exchanger plates closely contact, keeping the stable and close contact state to carry out hot-pressing sintering, so that metallurgical bonding is generated between porous medium particles in the mixed particle powder and between the porous medium particles and the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel and the lower wall surface of the adjacent heat exchanger plate respectively, and further a particle porous sintering layer which is tightly bonded with the upper wall surface flow channel and the lower wall surface of the adjacent heat exchanger plate is formed, so that the multi-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger is manufactured.
Further, the melting points of the porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate are close, so that the porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate are subjected to mutual atomic diffusion under hot-pressing sintering to form metallurgical bonding.
Further, the method also comprises the following steps: and additionally arranging a cover plate which is made of the same material as the heat exchanger plate on the uppermost layer of the superposed heat exchanger plates.
Further, lower wall fins which are right opposite to the upper wall surface flow channels are machined on the lower wall surfaces of at least part of the heat exchanger plates, and the lower wall surface fins are used for applying pressure to the particle porous adhesive layers in the upper wall surface flow channels after lamination.
Further, the preparation of the porous medium particles into the viscous mixed particle powder comprises the following steps:
adding three additives, namely a plasticizer, a binder and a lubricant, into the porous medium particles, weighing 80-90% of the porous medium particles and 20-10% of the additives in mass proportion, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed particle powder;
wherein, the plasticizer can be any one or more of paraffin and yellow wax;
the binder can be any one or more of resin and polyvinyl alcohol;
the lubricant can be any one or more of glycerol, stearic acid and graphite.
Further, the method also comprises the step of removing air in the particle porous bonding layer before hot-pressing sintering:
and heating the wall surface of the heat exchanger plate to dry the particle porous bonding layer, volatilizing the organic solvent in the mixed particle powder, and exhausting air in the mixed particle powder to preliminarily bond the mixed particle powder and the upper wall surface flow channel together.
In a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a porous flow channel heat exchanger manufactured by the method for processing a single-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger, including:
a heat exchanger plate;
the heat exchange flow channel is formed on one wall surface of the heat exchanger plate;
the fluid inlet is formed on the heat exchange runner and is used for introducing cold fluid working medium or hot fluid working medium;
the particle porous sintering layer is formed by hot-pressing sintering of porous medium particles in the heat exchange flow channel and is metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the heat exchange flow channel;
and any part of the exposed surface of the particle porous sintered layer in the heat exchange flow channel is a fluid outlet.
In a fourth aspect of the present invention, there is provided a porous flow channel heat exchanger manufactured by the method for processing a multilayer porous flow channel heat exchanger, including:
at least two heat exchanger plates which are oppositely overlapped;
the heat exchange flow channel is formed on the wall surface of the same side of each heat exchanger plate, and the heat exchange flow channel is used for introducing a fluid working medium;
the particle porous sintering layer is formed by hot-pressing sintering of porous medium particles in the heat exchange flow channel, and is metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the heat exchange flow channel and the adjacent contact wall surface of the heat exchanger plate;
the cover plate is arranged on the heat exchanger plate on the outermost side exposed by the particle porous sintered layer, and the wall surface of the cover plate is metallurgically bonded with the particle porous sintered layer;
the heat exchanger plates of the odd layers and the even layers in sequence are respectively introduced with fluid working media with different cold and hot;
the heat exchanger plates of the odd layers and the even layers are respectively provided with a group of fluid inlets and fluid outlets which are communicated with all heat exchange channels which are introduced with the same fluid working medium.
Further, fins which are right opposite to the heat exchange flow channel are arranged on all the heat exchanger plates except the outermost heat exchanger plate and the cover plate, and the fins are used for compacting the particle porous sintering layer in the heat exchange flow channel;
the fins are of an integral structure matched with the heat exchange flow channel, or are arranged in a plurality of discontinuous ways along the direction of the heat exchange flow channel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the processing method of the porous runner heat exchanger (single-layer or multi-layer) provided by the invention mainly processes the runners on the heat exchanger plate, applies porous medium particles in the runners, and enables the atoms between the interfaces of the porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate to diffuse mutually through a hot-pressing sintering process to form metallurgical bonding, thereby improving the specific surface area and the heat exchange efficiency of a single runner and the whole heat exchanger plate, and increasing the processing difficulty without excessively reducing the size of the runners.
The porous flow channel heat exchanger (single-layer or multi-layer) disclosed by the invention utilizes the characteristic of metallurgical bonding of material structures between the heat exchanger plate and the particle porous sintered layer, so that the specific surface area and the heat exchange efficiency of a single flow channel and the whole heat exchanger plate are improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary and that other implementation drawings may be derived from the drawings provided to one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a multi-hole flow path heat exchanger according to embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 isbase:Sub>A schematic sectional view taken along line A-A of FIG. 1 in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken along line B-B of FIG. 1 in accordance with embodiment 2 of the present invention;
the reference numbers in the figures:
1. 3 is a fluid inlet, 2 and 4 are fluid outlets, 5 is a cover plate, 6 is a heat exchange flow channel, 7 is a heat exchanger plate and 8 is a fin.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a porous flow channel heat exchanger and a processing method thereof, wherein a flow channel is processed on a heat exchanger plate, porous medium particles are sintered and formed in the flow channel by combining the characteristics of the porous medium particles, and the porous medium particles are metallurgically bonded with the heat exchanger plate by hot-pressing sintering by utilizing the material characteristics of the porous medium particles and the wall surface of the heat exchanger plate.
The porous medium can form mutually communicated pores in the flow channel, and the heat exchange of the two heat exchange working media is realized by filling porous medium particles in the flow channel. The fluid working medium has good fluidity in the porous medium, the specific surface area of the porous medium is large, the thermal conductivity is good, and the heat exchange can be effectively enhanced. The multi-channel heat exchanger and the processing method thereof provided by the invention improve the specific surface area and the heat exchange efficiency of a single channel and the whole heat exchanger plate; and the defects that the specific surface area and the heat exchange efficiency are increased by reducing the size of the flow channel (excessive reduction, high processing difficulty, easy blockage and the like) are overcome at the same time.
Based on the basic scheme of the porous flow channel heat exchanger and the processing method, the following embodiments are provided:
example 1
The embodiment provides a method for directly processing a multi-hole flow channel heat exchanger by using a single-layer heat exchanger plate, which specifically comprises the following steps:
machining the heat exchanger plate to form an upper wall surface flow channel;
preparing the porous medium particles into sticky mixed particle powder;
filling the whole upper wall surface flow channel with the mixed particle powder to form a particle porous bonding layer in the upper wall surface flow channel in a bonding manner;
and carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the single heat exchanger plate to enable metallurgical bonding to be generated between the porous medium particles in the mixed particle powder and between the porous medium particles and the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel, so as to form a particle porous sintering layer tightly bonded with the upper wall surface flow channel, and further obtain the single-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger.
In the preparation process of the upper wall surface flow channel, the size of the upper wall surface flow channel is firstly determined according to the actual heat exchange requirement, the flow channel structures and the sizes of the plates of the heat exchanger at the cold side and the hot side can be the same or different, the size of the flow channel changes along with the viscosity of the fluid working medium, and when the viscosity of the fluid working medium is higher, the size of the upper wall surface flow channel can be properly increased so as to reduce the resistance generated in the flowing process of the fluid working medium.
The form of the flow channel is not particularly limited, the flow channel can be of any cross section shape, the flow channel can be linear or curved, a plurality of flow channels can be combined to form a tree-shaped branch structure, and the relationship between adjacent flow channels can be parallel or any other relationship; for convenience of processing, the cross section of the flow channel is preferably rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular or semicircular, the flow channel is linear or regular curve, and the same heat exchanger plate is designed to be parallel, regular or symmetrical.
In general, the width of the upper wall surface flow channel is preferably 1mm-1m, the depth is preferably 1mm-100mm, and the rib width between adjacent flow channels is preferably 1-100mm, which is determined according to the actual heat exchange requirement.
After the size of the upper wall surface flow channel is determined, the processing method of the flow channel is preferably realized by an etching method or a mechanical processing method (milling and linear cutting), the processed heat exchanger plate is soaked in a cleaning agent or an organic solvent for ultrasonic cleaning (5 min), and is dried by cold air, so that oil stains, burning marks and impurities on the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel are removed, and the preparation process of the upper wall surface flow channel is completed.
In the process of preparing the particle porous bonding layer, the particle size, the shape and the material type of the porous medium particles are selected according to the size of the upper wall surface flow channel and the required porosity.
The shape of the porous medium particles is generally spherical, elliptical or other shapes, and the particle size is 1 μm-5mm. In order to complete the pore structure, to achieve close fusion between particles, and to reduce the ratio of closed pores, porous media particles having smooth surfaces and uniform particle sizes are generally preferred.
The porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate can be made of the same metal material or a dissimilar metal material with similar melting points, and the particles can also be made of a non-metal material.
In the case that the heat exchanger plate and the particles are made of different materials, the melting points of the two materials are close to each other and are 0.7-0.8T Fusion furnace The intersection exists in the temperature rangeThe pressure is determined according to the material, so that the metallurgical bonding formed by mutual diffusion of atoms between the interface of the porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate under the hot-pressing sintering can be ensured no matter the porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate are made of the same metal or different materials.
Common materials of the heat exchanger plates and particles include copper, aluminum, iron, nickel, stainless steel, other alloys, inorganic nonmetal and the like, wherein the melting point of copper is 1083 ℃, the melting point of aluminum is 660 ℃, the melting point of iron is 1583 ℃, the melting point of nickel is 1453 ℃, the melting point of 304 stainless steel is 1398-1454 ℃, and the actual processing includes but is not limited to the materials.
The method for preparing the sticky mixed particle powder from the porous medium particles comprises the following steps:
firstly, selecting particles with proper particle size by using a screen, placing the particles in absolute ethyl alcohol for ultrasonic cleaning for 30min, placing the cleaned particles in an oven, and keeping the temperature at 60 ℃ for 10min for drying.
Then the particles are put into an acid water solution for processing, and are kept stand and dried. Proper additives including plasticizer, adhesive and lubricant are added into the granules, and the granules are weighed according to the proportion of 80-90 percent of the granules and 20-10 percent of the additives, and are uniformly mixed and stirred to prepare sticky mixed granule powder.
The plasticizer can be selected from paraffin, yellow wax, etc., the binder can be selected from resin, polyvinyl alcohol, etc., and the lubricant can be selected from glycerol, stearic acid, graphite, etc.
When the mixed particle powder is filled in the upper wall surface flow channel to form the particle porous bonding layer, the surface of the particle porous bonding layer is generally difficult to keep flat due to operation problems, so in a preferred embodiment, a clamp can rub back and forth along the upper wall surface of the heat exchanger plate, so that the particle porous bonding layer in the upper wall surface flow channel keeps a flat and compact outer surface.
In a preferred embodiment, the air in the particulate porous bonding layer is removed before hot press sintering, in particular by heating the wall surface of the heat exchanger plate, so that the particulate porous bonding layer dries.
Specifically, a hot air spray gun is generally used to heat the lower wall surface (or the side wall surface is optional) of the plate at about 120 ℃, so as to accelerate the drying of the mixed particle powder, accelerate the volatilization of the organic solvent in the mixed particle powder, and exhaust the air in the powder, so that the mixed particle powder in the porous particle bonding layer is bonded with the upper wall surface flow channel more tightly.
In this embodiment, a single heat exchanger plate can be fixed in a high-temperature and high-pressure adjustable environment for hot-pressing sintering, and a single heat exchanger plate can also be assembled in a high-temperature resistant fixture and placed in the high-temperature and high-pressure adjustable environment for hot-pressing sintering (but at this time, the particle porous bonding layer on the upper wall surface of the single heat exchanger plate is generally set not to be in contact with the fixture).
The material of the high-temperature resistant fixture and the material of the heat exchanger plate and the porous medium particles have large difference in melting point and chemical property, so that the high-temperature resistant fixture, the heat exchanger plate and the porous medium particles are prevented from being welded due to inter-atomic diffusion.
The specific method for hot-pressing sintering of the single heat exchanger plate is as follows:
the single heat exchanger plate is assembled in a high-temperature resistant fixture, then placed in a hot-pressing furnace, and kept in a vacuum atmosphere (the vacuum degree is 5 multiplied by 10) -2 Pa or less) or a reducing gas atmosphere (nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas), the temperature rise rate in the furnace is 10 ℃/min, and pressure is applied by a pressing member.
At 0.4-0.45T Fusion furnace Keeping the temperature within the temperature range for 10-15min; heating to 0.6-0.65T Fusion furnace Keeping the temperature for 10min, and then heating to 0.7-0.75T Melting And keeping the temperature and pressure for 20-25min, slowly cooling to the temperature of below 100-150 ℃, taking out the fixture, and generating metallurgical bonding among the porous medium particles and between the porous medium particles and the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel to obtain the single-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger.
The processed porous runner heat exchanger has the defects that burrs and impurities exist on the surface of a porous structure, the burrs and the impurities fall off under the flow impact of a long-time working medium, the risks of polluting the working medium and blocking a runner exist, and the surface treatment is needed.
The internal structure of the porous material is complex, and an electrochemical corrosion method can be adopted as a surface treatment method of the porous material. The metal with active chemical property compared with the material of the heat exchanger is used as a cathode, the processed porous channel heat exchanger is used as an anode, the electrolyte is an acidic solution, a small amount of water can be added into the electrolyte to improve the conductivity of the solution, the concentration of the solution and the corrosion time are controlled, and the damage to the basic structure of the porous material is avoided on the basis of ensuring the processing effect on burrs and impurities.
In the embodiment, in the processing process of the porous runner heat exchanger, the porous runner heat exchanger is integrally formed through hot-pressing sintering, the prepared porous runner heat exchanger changes the form and the processing method of the heat exchanger in the prior art, the size of the runner does not need to be excessively reduced while the heat exchange specific surface area is improved, when the heat exchanger plate and the porous medium are made of different materials, the advantages of different materials can be utilized simultaneously, furthermore, the heat exchanger plate and the porous medium can be completed only through the technologies of machining the runner and hot-pressing sintering, and the processing difficulty is relatively low.
Example 2
The present embodiment provides a porous flow channel heat exchanger (single layer) processed and prepared based on the processing method provided in example 1, examples of which are shown in fig. 1, and a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger plate can refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3 (refer to a single-layer heat exchanger plate structure in the figure, and a non-rib structure in example 2), and the structure includes:
a heat exchanger plate 7;
the heat exchange flow channel 6 is formed on one wall surface of the heat exchanger plate 7;
the fluid inlet 1 or 3 is formed on the heat exchange runner 6, and the fluid inlet 1 or 3 is used for introducing cold fluid working media or hot fluid working media;
the particle porous sintering layer is formed by hot-pressing sintering of porous medium particles in the heat exchange runner 6 and is metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the heat exchange runner 6;
and the fluid outlet 2 or 4 is arranged at any position of the exposed surface of the particle porous sintered layer in the heat exchange flow channel.
In the heat exchange flow channel, the flow direction shape of the flow channel is not limited, and the flow channel can be straight or bent along the flow direction; the cross-sectional shape of the flow channel is not limited, and may be rectangular, trapezoidal, triangular, semicircular, or the like. The specific flow direction shape and the specific section shape can be selected according to heat exchange requirements, and the unobstructed flowability of the fluid working medium in the flow channel is not influenced by different flow directions and different section shapes.
The single-layer heat exchanger provided by the embodiment is equivalent to using the exposed particle porous sintered layer as a fluid outlet and a heat exchange interface, and can also improve the heat exchange efficiency.
Example 3
The present embodiment provides a processing method (multilayer) for a porous flow channel heat exchanger, which is different from embodiment 1, and includes:
machining each heat exchanger plate to form at least 1 upper wall surface flow channel;
preparing the porous medium particles into sticky mixed particle powder;
filling each upper wall surface flow channel with the mixed particle powder to form a particle porous bonding layer in the upper wall surface flow channel in a bonding mode;
and completely and oppositely overlapping a plurality of heat exchanger plates according to the sequence that the upper wall surface flow channels face the same direction, keeping the overlapping stability and longitudinally pressing to make adjacent heat exchanger plates closely contact, keeping the stable and close contact state to carry out hot-pressing sintering, so that metallurgical bonding is generated between porous medium particles in the mixed particle powder and between the porous medium particles and the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel and the lower wall surface of the adjacent heat exchanger plate respectively, and further a particle porous sintered layer which is tightly bonded with the upper wall surface flow channel and the lower wall surface of the adjacent heat exchanger plate is formed, so that the multi-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger is manufactured.
Furthermore, a cover plate made of the same material as the heat exchanger plate is additionally arranged on the heat exchanger plate on the uppermost layer after the heat exchanger plate is superposed so as to form metallurgical bonding with the heat exchanger plate on the top layer.
In order to enable the connection between the mixed particle powder and the flow channel and the lower wall surface of the adjacent heat exchanger plate to be tighter, lower wall surface fins which are right opposite to the upper wall surface flow channel are processed on at least part of the lower wall surface of the heat exchanger plate, and the lower wall surface fins are used for applying pressure to the particle porous adhesive layer in the upper wall surface flow channel after lamination.
The lower wall surface rib is used as a part of the outward-protruding structure of the heat exchanger plate sheet in an integrated mode, so that the mixed particle powder can be compressed during lamination, and the connection tightness degree between adjacent heat exchanger plate sheets can be increased.
The specific hot-pressing sintering method of the multilayer heat exchanger comprises the following steps:
assembling the laminated heat exchanger plate in a high-temperature resistant fixture, then placing the fixture in a hot-pressing furnace, ensuring that the high-temperature resistant fixture is placed between an upper pressing part and a lower pressing part, and keeping a vacuum atmosphere (the vacuum degree is 5 multiplied by 10) -2 Pa or less) or a reducing gas atmosphere (nitrogen-hydrogen mixed gas), the temperature rise rate in the furnace is 10 ℃/min, and pressure is applied by a pressing member.
Applying a pre-pressure of 1.5-2MPa in the furnace at 0.4-0.45T Melting Keeping the temperature within the temperature range for 10-15min; adjusting pressure to 8-10MPa, heating to 0.6-0.65T Fusion furnace Keeping the temperature for 10min, and then heating to 0.7-0.75T Fusion furnace And (3) keeping the temperature and the pressure for 20-25min, releasing the pressure after the heat preservation and the pressure preservation are finished, slowly cooling to the temperature of below 100-150 ℃, taking out the die to obtain a welding part, and generating metallurgical bonding between the porous medium particles and the inner wall of the flow channel on the upper wall surface to obtain the multilayer porous flow channel heat exchanger.
After the upper wall surface flow channel is processed and manufactured on the heat exchanger plate, the surface to be welded of the heat exchanger plate is polished by sand paper, and the roughness of the surface to be welded is controlled within the precision range (0.8-1.6 mu m) required by diffusion welding. And soaking the processed heat exchanger plate in a cleaning agent or an organic solvent for ultrasonic cleaning (5 min), drying by cold air, and removing oil stains, burning traces and impurities on the surfaces of the flow channel and the surface to be welded.
Then, mixed particle powder is prepared according to the steps in the embodiment 1, the upper wall surface runners of the prepared multiple heat exchanger plates are filled with the mixed particle powder to be bonded to form a particle porous bonding layer, then the multiple heat exchanger plates are completely and oppositely overlapped together according to the sequence that the upper wall surface runners face to the same direction, and the multilayer porous runner heat exchanger is prepared through hot-pressing sintering. The hot-pressing sintering process and the processing steps after sintering in this embodiment are the same as the hot-pressing sintering process and the surface processing of the porous flow channel heat exchanger in embodiment 1, and are not described again.
In addition, in this embodiment 3, before hot pressing sintering or after sintering, install additional on the heat exchanger slab of the superiors after the coincide with the apron that the heat exchanger slab material is the same to guarantee that the surface of heat exchanger is the horizontal seal state, convenient to use.
Although the embodiment 3 has similarities with the embodiment 1, but the embodiment 3 is not obtained based on the simple transformation of the embodiment 1, and the single-layer heat exchanger proposed in the embodiment 1 is not obtained based on the embodiment 3, and has no direct technical teaching, which belongs to a new technical scheme.
Example 4
This example provides a porous flow channel heat exchanger (multilayer) processed and prepared based on the processing method provided in example 3, and an example of the example is shown in fig. 1, and a schematic structural diagram of a heat exchanger plate can refer to fig. 2 and fig. 3 (in this example 4, there is no rib 8 structure), and the structure includes:
at least two heat exchanger plates 7 which are oppositely overlapped;
the heat exchange flow channel 6 (equivalent to an upper wall surface flow channel) is formed on the wall surface of the same side of each heat exchanger plate 7, and the heat exchange flow channel 6 is used for introducing a fluid working medium;
the particle porous sintering layer is formed by hot-pressing sintering of porous medium particles in the heat exchange flow channel 6, and is metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the heat exchange flow channel 6 and the adjacent wall surfaces of the heat exchanger plates 7 in contact;
the cover plate 5 is arranged on the outermost heat exchanger plate 7 exposed out of the particle porous sintered layer, and the wall surface of the cover plate 5 is metallurgically bonded with the particle porous sintered layer;
wherein, the heat exchanger plates 7 of the odd number layers and the even number layers in sequence are respectively introduced with fluid working mediums with different cold and hot;
the heat exchanger plates of the odd layers and the even layers are respectively provided with a group of fluid inlets 1 or 3 and fluid outlets 2 or 4 which are communicated with all heat exchange channels which are introduced with the same fluid working medium.
The single-layer heat exchanger is mainly used for cooling a heat exchange structure, and when a working medium passes through a porous medium, the heat structure is cooled in forms of sweating cooling, air film cooling and the like. The multilayer heat exchanger is mainly used for high-efficiency heat exchange of two media, and heat is transferred from a high-temperature medium to a low-temperature medium.
Further, all the heat exchanger plates 7 except the outermost heat exchanger plate 7 and the cover plate 5 are provided with fins 8 which are directly opposite to the heat exchange flow channels, and the fins 8 are used for compacting the particle porous sintered layer in the heat exchange flow channels 6.
The fins 8 are of an integral structure matched with the heat exchange flow channel 6, or are arranged in a plurality of discontinuous ways along the direction of the heat exchange flow channel.
The discontinuous arrangement is a preferable scheme, mainly because the particle porous sintering layer in the heat exchange flow channel (upper wall surface flow channel) is of a sticky structure between the formation and has certain fluidity, and the particle porous sintering layer is difficult to ensure complete flatness during processing and filling, and if the particle porous sintering layer is of a complete matching integral structure, the situation of difficult flattening can be caused.
The above embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the present application, and the protection scope of the present application is defined by the claims. Various modifications and equivalents may be made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and scope of the present application and such modifications and equivalents should also be considered to be within the scope of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A processing method of a porous flow channel heat exchanger is characterized by comprising the following steps:
machining the heat exchanger plate to form an upper wall surface flow channel;
preparing the porous medium particles into sticky mixed particle powder;
filling the whole upper wall surface flow channel with the mixed particle powder to form a particle porous bonding layer in the upper wall surface flow channel in a bonding manner;
and carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the single heat exchanger plate to enable metallurgical bonding to be generated between the porous medium particles in the mixed particle powder and between the porous medium particles and the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel, and further forming a particle porous sintered layer tightly bonded with the upper wall surface flow channel to obtain the single-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger.
2. A processing method of a porous flow channel heat exchanger is characterized by comprising the following steps:
machining each heat exchanger plate to form at least 1 upper wall surface flow channel;
preparing the porous medium particles into sticky mixed particle powder;
filling each upper wall surface flow channel with the mixed particle powder to form a particle porous bonding layer in the upper wall surface flow channel in a bonding mode;
and completely and oppositely overlapping a plurality of heat exchanger plates according to the sequence that the upper wall surface flow channels face the same direction, keeping the overlapping stability and longitudinally pressing to make adjacent heat exchanger plates closely contact, keeping the stable and close contact state to carry out hot-pressing sintering, so that metallurgical bonding is generated between porous medium particles in the mixed particle powder and between the porous medium particles and the inner wall of the upper wall surface flow channel and the lower wall surface of the adjacent heat exchanger plate respectively, and further a particle porous sintered layer which is tightly bonded with the upper wall surface flow channel and the lower wall surface of the adjacent heat exchanger plate is formed, so that the multi-layer porous flow channel heat exchanger is manufactured.
3. The processing method according to claim 1 or 2,
the melting points of the porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate are close, so that the porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate are subjected to mutual diffusion of atoms between interfaces of the porous medium particles and the heat exchanger plate under hot-pressing sintering to form metallurgical bonding.
4. The process of claim 2, further comprising:
and additionally arranging a cover plate which is made of the same material as the heat exchanger plate on the uppermost layer of the superposed heat exchanger plates.
5. The processing method according to claim 2,
and processing lower wall fins which are right opposite to the upper wall surface flow channels on the lower wall surfaces of at least part of the heat exchanger plates, wherein the lower wall fins are used for applying pressure to the particle porous adhesive layers in the upper wall surface flow channels after lamination.
6. The processing method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step of preparing the porous medium particles into the viscous mixed particle powder comprises the following steps:
adding three additives, namely a plasticizer, a binder and a lubricant, into the porous medium particles, weighing 80-90% of the porous medium particles and 20-10% of the additives in mass proportion, and uniformly mixing and stirring to obtain mixed particle powder;
wherein, the plasticizer can be any one or more of paraffin and yellow wax;
the binder can be any one or more of resin and polyvinyl alcohol;
the lubricant can be any one or more of glycerol, stearic acid and graphite.
7. The process of claim 6, further comprising the step of removing air from within the porous bonded particulate layer prior to hot press sintering:
and heating the wall surface of the heat exchanger plate to dry the particle porous bonding layer, volatilizing the organic solvent in the mixed particle powder, and exhausting air in the mixed particle powder to preliminarily bond the mixed particle powder and the upper wall surface flow channel together.
8. A multi-hole flow channel heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterized by comprising:
a heat exchanger plate (7);
the heat exchange flow channel (6) is formed on one wall surface of the heat exchanger plate (7);
the fluid inlet (1 or 3) is formed on the heat exchange runner (6), and the fluid inlet (1 or 3) is used for introducing cold fluid working media or hot fluid working media;
the particle porous sintered layer is formed by hot-pressing and sintering porous medium particles in the heat exchange runner (6), and is metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the heat exchange runner (6);
wherein, the exposed surface of the particle porous sintering layer in the heat exchange flow channel (6) is a fluid outlet (2 or 4) at any position.
9. A multi-hole flow channel heat exchanger according to claim 2, characterized by comprising:
at least two heat exchanger plates (7) which are oppositely overlapped;
the heat exchange flow channel (6) is formed on the wall surface of the same side of each heat exchanger plate (7), and the heat exchange flow channel (6) is used for introducing a fluid working medium;
the particle porous sintering layer is formed by hot-pressing sintering of porous medium particles in the heat exchange flow channel (6), and is metallurgically bonded with the inner wall of the heat exchange flow channel (6) and the wall surfaces of the adjacent contact heat exchanger plates (7);
the cover plate (5) is arranged on the outermost heat exchanger plate (7) exposed out of the particle porous sintered layer, and the wall surface of the cover plate (5) is metallurgically bonded with the particle porous sintered layer;
wherein, the heat exchanger plates (7) of the odd layers and the even layers in sequence are respectively introduced with fluid working media with different cold and hot temperatures;
the heat exchanger plate pieces (7) of the odd layers and the even layers are respectively provided with a group of fluid inlets (1 or 3) and fluid outlets (2 or 4) which are communicated with all heat exchange channels for introducing the same fluid working medium.
10. The multi-hole flow channel heat exchanger as recited in claim 9,
fins (8) which are right opposite to the heat exchange flow channel (6) are arranged on all the heat exchanger plates except the outermost heat exchanger plate and the cover plate, and the fins (8) are used for compacting the particle porous sintered layer in the heat exchange flow channel (6);
the fins (8) are of an integral structure matched with the heat exchange flow channel (6) or are arranged in a plurality of discontinuous ways along the direction of the heat exchange flow channel (6).
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