CN115216958B - 一种抗菌透气涤纶织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种抗菌透气涤纶织物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115216958B CN115216958B CN202210903460.XA CN202210903460A CN115216958B CN 115216958 B CN115216958 B CN 115216958B CN 202210903460 A CN202210903460 A CN 202210903460A CN 115216958 B CN115216958 B CN 115216958B
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- antibacterial
- polyester fabric
- water
- chitosan
- acrylic emulsion
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- D06M11/36—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with oxygen, ozone, ozonides, oxides, hydroxides or percompounds; Salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond with oxides, hydroxides or mixed oxides; with salts derived from anions with an amphoteric element-oxygen bond
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- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Abstract
本申请公开了一种抗菌透气涤纶织物及其制备方法，该抗菌透气涤纶织物包括：涤纶织物；微粒形式的壳聚糖复合抗菌剂；所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂通过粘合剂负载于涤纶织物上；所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂按照如下方法制得：将水溶性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、杀菌剂和金属纳米抗菌材料加入水中，混合均匀，得到预反应液；将钙盐溶解于水中，得到交联剂溶液；将交联剂溶液加入预反应液中，混合反应，得到反应产物；将反应产物进行冷冻干燥，得到壳聚糖复合杀菌剂；所述水溶性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、杀菌剂和金属纳米抗菌材料的质量比为（3～5）：（4～8）：（0.1～1）：1。本申请的抗菌透气涤纶织物具有突出的长效抑菌作用。
Description
技术领域
本申请涉及抗菌织物领域，尤其是涉及一种抗菌透气涤纶织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
涤纶织物因其较高的强度、弹性恢复力和耐化学性等优点，在日常生活中的应用极广，尤其是在服装、内饰等纺织品领域具有无可替代的作用。但是，纺织品非常容易滋生病菌，进而引发疾病，影响人们的身体健康。
为提高织物的抗菌性能，市面上的织物通常采用抗菌剂进行后整理，将抗菌剂负载于织物表面，起到抑菌杀菌作用。然而，织物表面的抗菌剂的释放速度较快，难以起到长效抗菌作用。
发明内容
为了提高涤纶织物的长效抗菌作用，本申请提供了一种抗菌透气涤纶织物及其制备方法。
第一方面，本申请提供一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，其包括：
涤纶织物；
微粒形式的壳聚糖复合抗菌剂；
所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂通过粘合剂负载于涤纶织物上；
所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂按照如下方法制得：
将水溶性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、杀菌剂和金属纳米抗菌材料加入水中，混合均匀，得到预反应液；将钙盐溶解于水中，得到交联剂溶液；
将交联剂溶液加入预反应液中，混合反应，得到反应产物；
将反应产物进行冷冻干燥，得到壳聚糖复合杀菌剂；
所述水溶性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、杀菌剂和金属纳米抗菌材料的质量比为(3～5)：(4～8)：(0.1～1)：1。
通过采用上述技术方案，制备得到具有核壳结构的壳聚糖复合杀菌剂，其中，金属纳米抗菌材料为核层，水溶性壳聚糖和海藻酸钠为壳层，壳层中海藻酸钠与钙离子发生交联而形成凝胶态。另外，在冷冻干燥步骤中，水溶液挥发升华，从而在壳层结构中形成多孔结构，从而增强了壳聚糖复合杀菌剂的缓释作用和抗菌作用。
在上述壳聚糖复合杀菌剂中，核层的金属纳米抗菌材料能够释放金属离子起到杀菌作用；壳层中的壳聚糖不仅起到包覆作用，同时其广谱抗菌作用有助于提高面料的长效抗菌作用，同时，杀菌剂大部分被包裹于海藻酸钙凝胶中，从而起到了良好的缓释抗菌作用，有效提高面料抗菌性能的长效性。
优选的，所述粘合剂包括水性丙烯酸乳液。
通过采用上述技术方案，水性丙烯酸乳液是通过乳液粒子的形式将壳聚糖复合抗菌剂负载于织物表面，相比于其他粘合剂，其能够有效的暴露出壳聚糖复合抗菌剂，以便于发挥其抗菌作用，同时提高其透气性。
优选的，所述粘合剂还包括1～3wt％的戊二醛，所述水性丙烯酸乳液为氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液，且按照如下方法制备得到：
乳化：将丙烯酸单体加入水中，搅拌均匀，加入乳化剂，继续搅拌，制备得到预乳化液；所述丙烯酸单体中包括含羧基的单体；
聚合：于搅拌条件下，向预乳化液中依次加入缓冲剂溶液和引发剂溶液，滴加完毕后在75～85℃下保温反应，反应完成后降温冷却，得到水性丙烯酸乳液；
氨基改性：向水性丙烯酸乳液中加入碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺，混合均匀后加入二胺类化合物，于45～60℃下进行酰胺化反应，得到氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
上述技术方案中，首选通过采用含有羧基的单体进行乳液聚合，得到含有羧酸基团的水性丙烯酸乳液。然后通过碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺共同活化前述羧基，使其与二胺类化合物的一个氨基发生酰胺化反应，从而将剩余的一个氨基接枝于水性丙烯酸乳液粒子上，得到氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。在戊二醛的交联作用下，氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液与壳聚糖交联，从而使得壳聚糖复合抗菌剂牢固的负载于织物表面，降低其在水洗过程中的脱落概率，进一步提高面料抗菌作用的长效性。
典型但非限制性的，含羧基的单体、碳二亚胺盐酸盐、N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺与二胺类化合物的摩尔比为1：(2～3)：(0.5～1)(2～4)。
优选的，所述含羧基的单体采用丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、衣康酸单丁酯中的一种或几种。
通过采用上述含羧基丙烯酸单体，能够有效将羧基基团引入丙烯酸乳液中，保障其氨基化改性的进行。
优选的，所述含羧基的单体占丙烯酸单体用量的5～10wt％。
采用上述含量的含羧基单体，能够在保障丙烯酸乳液有效聚合的同时，提高其羧基含量，进而保障后续氨基的接枝率，得到具有良好交联性能的氨基化改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
优选的，所述杀菌剂采用异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂、季铵盐类杀菌剂、过氧化物杀菌剂、金属纳米抗菌材料中的一种或几种。
上述技术方案，上述抗菌剂均具有良好的抑菌杀菌效果，能够赋予涤纶织物优异的抗菌效果。
优选的，所述金属纳米抗菌材料包括纳米银、纳米铜、纳米锌、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛中的一种或几种。
上述纳米尺度的金属颗粒或金属氧化物均能够通过释放金属离子等方式起到杀菌作用，具有一定的长效抗菌效果，通过表面具有多孔结构的壳聚糖和海藻酸钙的包覆下，其缓释作用得以进一步提升。
优选的，所述海藻酸钠与钙盐的质量比为2：(1～2)。
采用上述配比，能够保障海藻酸钠与钙离子的充分交联，得到具有包覆作用的海藻酸钙凝胶，对杀菌剂和金属纳米抗菌材料起到保护作用，以提高缓释效果。
优选的，所述海藻酸钠的粘度为800～1500cps。
上述技术方案，该粘度范围的海藻酸钠，其形成的凝胶具有较为平衡的柔韧性和硬度，不易破裂。
第二方面，本申请提供一种抗菌透气涤纶织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
整理剂制备：将粘合剂、壳聚糖复合抗菌剂加入水中，混合均匀，得到整理剂；
浸轧：采用整理剂对涤纶织物进行二浸二轧处理，处理完成后进行烘干，得到抗菌透气涤纶织物。
上述技术方案，通过二浸二轧工艺，将壳聚糖复合抗菌剂牢固的负载于织物表面，从而得到具有长效抗菌作用的涤纶织物。典型但非限制性的，所述粘合剂和壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的浓度为10～20wt％；壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的浓度为1～4wt％。
综上所述，本申请具有如下有益效果：
1、本申请通过采用水溶性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、杀菌剂、金属纳米抗菌材料和钙盐溶液，得到壳聚糖和海藻酸钙包覆的复合抗菌剂；该抗菌剂具有优异的缓释效果，能够明显的提升涤纶织物的长效抗菌作用。
2、本申请通过采用氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液和戊二醛作为粘合剂，显著地增强了壳聚糖复合抗菌剂与涤纶织物的连接强度，保障了织物长效抗菌作用的实现。
具体实施方式
壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的制备例
制备例1-1，一种壳聚糖复合抗菌剂，按照如下方法制备得到：
将0.4㎏水溶性壳聚糖、0.6㎏海藻酸钠(1000cps)、0.03㎏异噻唑啉酮和0.1㎏纳米氧化锌加入6L水中，在50℃下搅拌2h，得到预反应液；将0.4㎏氯化钙溶解于4L水中，得到交联剂溶液；
将交联剂溶液加入预反应液中，搅拌并反应30min，得到反应产物；
将反应产物进行冷冻干燥，采用300目的筛子筛选得到壳聚糖复合抗菌剂。
制备例1-2，一种壳聚糖复合抗菌剂，按照如下方法制备得到：
将0.3㎏水溶性壳聚糖、0.4㎏海藻酸钠(1500cps)、0.01㎏异噻唑啉酮和0.1㎏纳米银加入8L水中，在55℃下搅拌2h，得到预反应液；将0.15㎏氯化钙溶解于3L水中，得到交联剂溶液；
将交联剂溶液加入预反应液中，搅拌并反应30min，得到反应产物；
将反应产物进行冷冻干燥，采用200目的筛子筛选得到壳聚糖复合抗菌剂。
制备例1-3，一种壳聚糖复合抗菌剂，按照如下方法制备得到：
将0.5㎏水溶性壳聚糖、0.8㎏海藻酸钠(800cps)、0.1㎏异噻唑啉酮和0.1㎏纳米二氧化钛加入8L水中，在55℃下搅拌2h，得到预反应液；将0.5㎏氯化钙溶解于3L水中，得到交联剂溶液；
将交联剂溶液加入预反应液中，搅拌并反应30min，得到反应产物；
将反应产物进行冷冻干燥，采用300目的筛子筛选得到壳聚糖复合抗菌剂。
氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液制备例
制备例2-1，一种氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液，按照如下方法制备得到：
乳化：将9.2㎏甲基丙烯酸甲酯、0.5㎏丙烯酸(7mol)和0.3㎏衣康酸(2.3mol)加入30L水中，搅拌10min，加入0.3㎏十二苯磺酸钠，继续搅拌30min，制备得到预乳化液；
聚合：于搅拌条件下，向预乳化液中依次加入10㎏碳酸氢钠水溶液(0.2wt％)和1㎏过硫酸铵水溶液(10wt％)，滴加完毕后在78℃下保温反应，反应完成后降温冷却至室温，得到水性丙烯酸乳液；
氨基改性：向水性丙烯酸乳液中加入3.83㎏(20mol)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和0.65㎏N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(5.6mol)，混合均匀后加入3.25㎏己二胺(28mol)，于50℃下进行酰胺化反应，6h后得到氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
制备例2-2，一种氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液，按照如下方法制备得到：
乳化：将9.5㎏甲基丙烯酸甲酯、0.5㎏丙烯酸(7mol)加入35L水中，搅拌10min，加入0.5㎏十二苯磺酸钠，继续搅拌30min，制备得到预乳化液；
聚合：于搅拌条件下，向预乳化液中依次加入6㎏碳酸氢钠水溶液(0.5wt％)和2㎏过氧化苯甲酰溶液(10wt％)，滴加完毕后在80℃下保温反应，反应完成后降温冷却至室温，得到水性丙烯酸乳液；
氨基改性：向水性丙烯酸乳液中加入4.03㎏(21mol)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和0.4㎏N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(3.5mol)，混合均匀后加入1.63㎏己二胺(14mol)，于45℃下进行酰胺化反应，8h后得到氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
制备例2-3，一种氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液，按照如下方法制备得到：
乳化：将9.5㎏甲基丙烯酸甲酯、0.5㎏甲基丙烯酸(7mol)、0.5㎏衣康酸丁酯加入35L水中，搅拌10min，加入0.3㎏十二苯磺酸钠，继续搅拌30min，制备得到预乳化液；
聚合：于搅拌条件下，向预乳化液中依次加入10㎏碳酸氢钠水溶液(0.2wt％)和1.5㎏过氧化苯甲酰溶液(10wt％)，滴加完毕后在85℃下保温反应，反应完成后降温冷却至室温，得到水性丙烯酸乳液；
氨基改性：向水性丙烯酸乳液中加入3.07㎏(16mol)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和0.92㎏N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(8mol)，混合均匀后加入3.6㎏己二胺(31mol)，于60℃下进行酰胺化反应，6h后得到氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
制备例2-4，一种氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液，与制备例2-1的区别在于，采用的量的甲基丙烯酸甲酯替代衣康酸和丙烯酸。
制备例2-5，一种氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液，与制备例2-1的区别在于，采用的量的丙烯酸丁酯替代衣康酸和丙烯酸。
制备例2-6，一种水性丙烯酸乳液，与制备例2-1的区别在于，不进行氨基改性步骤。
实施例
实施例1，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，按照如下步骤制备得到：
整理剂制备：将14.7㎏制备例2-1制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液与2.5㎏制备例1-1制得的壳聚糖复合抗菌剂加入82.5L水中，搅拌20min，加入0.3㎏戊二醛，继续搅拌5min,得到整理剂；
浸轧：按照1:15的浴比，将对涤纶织物放入整理剂中进行浸泡，浸泡温度为60℃，30min后取出进行轧压，轧余率为80％；随后进行二次浸轧处理，浸轧完成后在进行烘干，得到抗菌透气涤纶织物。
实施例2，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，按照如下步骤制备得到：
整理剂制备：将19.4㎏制备例2-2制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液与4㎏制备例1-2制得的壳聚糖复合抗菌剂加入76L水中，搅拌30min，加入0.6㎏戊二醛，继续搅拌10min,得到整理剂；
浸轧：按照1:10的浴比，将对涤纶织物放入整理剂中进行浸泡，浸泡温度为60℃，30min后取出进行轧压，轧余率为80％；随后进行二次浸轧处理，浸轧完成后在进行烘干，得到抗菌透气涤纶织物。
实施例3，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，按照如下步骤制备得到：
整理剂制备：将9.9㎏制备例2-3制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液与1㎏制备例1-3制得的壳聚糖复合抗菌剂加入89L水中，搅拌20min，加入0.1㎏戊二醛，继续搅拌5min,得到整理剂；
浸轧：按照1:10的浴比，将对涤纶织物放入整理剂中进行浸泡，浸泡温度为50℃，1h后取出进行轧压，轧余率为80％；随后进行二次浸轧处理，浸轧完成后在进行烘干，得到抗菌透气涤纶织物。
实施例4，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例1的区别在于，采用等量制备例2-4制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液代替制备例2-1制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
实施例5，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例1的区别在于，采用等量制备例2-5制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液代替制备例2-1制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
实施例6，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例1的区别在于，采用等量制备例2-6制得的水性丙烯酸乳液代替制备例2-1制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
实施例7，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例1的区别在于，采用等量聚乙烯醇代替制备例2-1制得的氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液。
实施例8，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例1的区别在于，粘合剂中不含有戊二醛。
实施例9，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例6的区别在于，粘合剂中不含有戊二醛。
对比例
对比例1，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例9的区别在于，壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的制备过程中，采用等量海藻酸钠替代水溶性壳聚糖。
对比例2，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例9的区别在于，壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的制备过程中，采用等量水溶性壳聚糖替代海藻酸钠。
对比例3，一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，与实施例9的区别在于，整理剂的原料中，采用1㎏杀菌剂和1.5㎏纳米氧化锌代替2.5㎏的壳聚糖复合抗菌剂。
性能检测试验
实验1：织物抗菌性能测试
实验方法：按照FZ/T 73023-2006《抗菌针织品》中“附录D抗菌织物测试方法：奎因法”的规定测试织物的抑菌率。每一实施例或对比例的织物试样均进行两组实验，且两组实验培养时间分别为24h和96h,其抑菌率分别记作抑菌率A0和抑菌率A1。
实验2：织物抗菌性能长效性测试实验方法：参照GB/T 3921-2008《纺织品色牢度试验耐皂洗色牢度》中的规定，皂洗10次，洗涤结束后烘干试样，按照实验1中的方法再次测量其抑菌率A2，并计算得到其抑菌率下降值。
表1、涤纶织物抗菌性能及其长效性测试结果(％)
实验结果分析：
1.结合实施例1～9和对比例1～3并结合表1中抑菌率A0和A1可以说明，本申请通过采用壳聚糖、水溶性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、杀菌剂、金属纳米抗菌材料和钙盐溶液，得到壳聚糖复合抗菌剂能够有效提高织物抗菌性能的长效性。其原因可能在于，该壳聚糖复合抗菌剂实质为以金属纳米抗菌材料为核层，以水溶性壳聚糖和海藻酸钠和杀菌剂为壳层原料的微粒，并且壳层通过钙离子与海藻酸钠的交联作用完成固化，将杀菌剂和金属纳米抗菌材料包覆，从而起到缓释作用，最终提高织物抗菌性能的长效性。
结合实施例1～9和对比例1～3并结合表1中抑菌率A0、A2和抑菌率下降值可以说明，本申请通过采用氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液和戊二醛为粘合剂，能够显著的提高织物抗菌性能的长效性。其原因可能在于，经过氨基改性的水性丙烯酸乳液，其能够利用戊二醛与氨基的反应，实现水性丙烯酸乳液与壳聚糖的交联，从而通过化学键合的方式将壳聚糖复合抗菌剂牢固的负载于织物表面，从而降低其在外界作用下发生脱落的概率，充分保障其抗菌性能的长效性。
另外，戊二醛能够促进水溶性壳聚糖之间的交联，有效提高壳聚糖复合抗菌剂的强度和保护作用，从而提高织物抗菌性能的长效性。
本具体实施例仅仅是对本申请的解释，其并不是对本申请的限制，本领域技术人员在阅读完本说明书后可以根据需要对本实施例做出没有创造性贡献的修改，但只要在本申请的权利要求范围内都受到专利法的保护。
Claims (7)
1.一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，其特征在于，包括：
涤纶织物；
微粒形式的壳聚糖复合抗菌剂；
所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂通过粘合剂负载于涤纶织物上；
所述壳聚糖复合抗菌剂按照如下方法制得：
将水溶性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、杀菌剂和金属纳米抗菌材料加入水中，混合均匀，得到预反应液；将钙盐溶解于水中，得到交联剂溶液；
将交联剂溶液加入预反应液中，混合反应，得到反应产物；
将反应产物进行冷冻干燥，得到壳聚糖复合杀菌剂；
所述水溶性壳聚糖、海藻酸钠、杀菌剂和金属纳米抗菌材料的质量比为（3～5）：（4～8）：（0.1～1）：1；
所述粘合剂包括水性丙烯酸乳液及0.5～2wt%的戊二醛，所述水性丙烯酸乳液为氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液，且按照如下方法制备得到：
乳化：将丙烯酸单体加入水中，搅拌均匀，加入乳化剂，继续搅拌，制备得到预乳化液；所述丙烯酸单体中包括含羧基的单体；
聚合：于搅拌条件下，向预乳化液中依次加入缓冲剂溶液和引发剂溶液，滴加完毕后在75～85℃下保温反应，反应完成后降温冷却，得到水性丙烯酸乳液；
氨基改性：向水性丙烯酸乳液中加入碳二亚胺盐酸盐和N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺，混合均匀后加入二胺类化合物，于45～60℃下进行酰胺化反应，得到氨基改性水性丙烯酸乳液；
所述杀菌剂采用异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂、季铵盐类杀菌剂、过氧化物杀菌剂中的一种或几种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，其特征在于，所述含羧基的单体采用丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、衣康酸、衣康酸单丁酯中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，其特征在于， 所述金属纳米抗菌材料选自纳米银、纳米铜、纳米锌、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化钛中的一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，其特征在于，所述含羧基的单体占丙烯酸单体用量的5～10wt%。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，其特征在于，所述海藻酸钠与钙盐的质量比为2：（1～2）。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种抗菌透气涤纶织物，其特征在于，所述海藻酸钠的粘度为800～1500cps。
7.根据权利要求1～6中任一项所述的一种抗菌透气涤纶织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：
整理剂制备：将粘合剂、壳聚糖复合抗菌剂加入水中，混合均匀，得到整理剂；
浸轧：采用整理剂对涤纶织物进行二浸二轧处理，处理完成后进行烘干，得到抗菌透气涤纶织物。
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