CN115213212A - Biochar treatment method for relieving soil micro-plastic pollution - Google Patents
Biochar treatment method for relieving soil micro-plastic pollution Download PDFInfo
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- CN115213212A CN115213212A CN202210851043.5A CN202210851043A CN115213212A CN 115213212 A CN115213212 A CN 115213212A CN 202210851043 A CN202210851043 A CN 202210851043A CN 115213212 A CN115213212 A CN 115213212A
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K17/00—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials
- C09K17/02—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only
- C09K17/04—Soil-conditioning materials or soil-stabilising materials containing inorganic compounds only applied in a physical form other than a solution or a grout, e.g. as granules or gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2101/00—Agricultural use
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2109/00—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE pH regulation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a biochar treatment method for relieving soil micro-plastic pollution, which comprises two stages of biochar preparation and micro-plastic polluted soil treatment. The first stage comprises: carbonizing the rice straw waste to obtain an organic carbon product, drying at the temperature of 90-120 ℃, and crushing; putting the organic carbon product into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, pyrolyzing at 500 ℃, keeping the temperature for 1-3 h, cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving. The second stage comprises: applying the biochar to the micro plastic polluted soil, and fully and uniformly mixing; and (3) culturing soil bacteria, wherein the culture period is 90 days, in the process, a weighing method is used for maintaining the soil moisture content to be 60% -80% of the maximum water holding capacity in the soil field, and the soil property, the enzyme activity and the microbial community condition in the culture process are observed. The invention can effectively relieve the harm of soil micro-plastic pollution, improve the soil quality, has low cost and is convenient for large-area popularization and implementation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of soil treatment, and particularly relates to a biochar treatment method for relieving soil micro-plastic pollution.
Background
In recent years, soil micro-plastic (plastic fragments or particles with the particle size less than 5mm formed by plastic products broken) pollution has attracted high attention of international society. Therefore, many countries adopt treatment measures which limit the application range of the traditional plastics and promote the development and application of biodegradable plastics. These measures have a positive effect on avoiding further deterioration of the soil microplastic contamination, but do not help to solve the already occurring soil microplastic contamination. In addition, most biodegradable plastics contain chemical additives (with various specific types), and the wide use of the chemical additives can cause different degrees of damage to the environment. Therefore, how to effectively treat the soil micro-plastic pollution is an important technical task in the field.
The invention patent application with the application publication number CN 109456129A discloses a biochar treatment method for reducing PAE release in micro-plastics in soil, which mainly comprises the following steps:
SS01 preparation of base stock: uniformly mixing cow dung, straws and rice husks in a low-oxygen high-temperature environment to process the mixture into a biochar base material;
SS02 preparation of adjuvants: stirring and dissolving powdered urea by using deionized water, standing for 2 hours, adding amino acid and potassium sulfate, continuously stirring and dissolving to prepare a solution, and mixing the solution and a nutrient solution according to a ratio of 1;
SS03 batch processing: dividing the biochar base material prepared by SS02 into eight parts, and processing the biochar base material into base material I, base material II, base material III, base material IV, base material V, base material VI, base material VII and base material VIII with different pH values; SS04 low-temperature illumination sterilization: placing the biochar base material prepared by SS03 in a low-temperature environment at-22 ℃ for 12 hours by using ultraviolet light, and turning over once every 45 minutes;
SS05 addition of adjuvants: adding auxiliary agents into a biochar base material prepared from SS03 according to different proportions to prepare carbon mud;
SS06 dehydration: drying the carbon mud prepared from SS05 in batches for 2-3 days, drying the carbon mud in a glass cover for 5 days to prepare a biochar fertilizer, scraping and collecting water drops condensed on the surface of glass, wherein the collected evaporated liquid corresponds to the biochar fertilizer one by one;
SS07 test: selecting a test field, dividing soil into eight equal areas, applying different biochar fertilizers to each soil, spraying the evaporation solution corresponding to the biochar fertilizers to the soil, planting target crops after the spraying, and determining the optimal biochar fertilizer according to plants with the optimal growth conditions in the target crops.
In addition to the above basic steps, the specification of patent application No. CN 109456129A discloses specific technical means, for example, the pH value of the partial acid of the biocoke base is adjusted by using dilution water of ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate.
In summary, the technical solution disclosed in patent application CN 109456129A has a positive effect on degrading PAE (polyamide epichlorohydrin resin) released by soil micro-plastics, thereby reducing the pollution level of soil micro-plastics, however, the invention also has certain technical defects, which are mainly reflected in the following two aspects:
first, the technical scheme of the invention is too complex in general, and is not beneficial to large-area popularization and implementation. Particularly, the raw materials used by the invention comprise cow dung, and with the improvement of the agricultural mechanization level of China, more and more areas are abandoned for farming cattle, and beef cattle and dairy cattle are mainly produced in pasturing areas (the cow dung is also one of fuels commonly used by herdsmen families), so that cow dung resources capable of meeting the industrial requirements are not only unbalanced in distribution, but also have certain scarcity, and the condition is not beneficial to the popularization and implementation of the invention.
Secondly, in a slightly acidic soil environment, the invention utilizes the dilution water of ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate to adjust the pH value. Ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate have weak alkalinity and can really adjust the pH value of subacid soil, however, both ferrous sulfate and aluminum sulfate have the functions of inhibiting the growth and reproduction of bacteria (microorganisms), and degrade micro plastics in soil, and multiple bacteria (microorganisms) are needed for the root and the end. Therefore, the technical means of adjusting the pH value by using the dilution water of ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate adopted by the invention is in conflict with the aim of reducing the micro-plastic pollution of the soil, which is expected to be realized by the invention. Particularly, the aluminum element has harmful effect on the nervous system of human, and after the aluminum sulfate in the soil is absorbed by crops, the aluminum element in the soil is possibly absorbed by the human body finally.
It should be noted that, although there are many methods for treating soil micro-plastic pollution, such as acid digestion method, alkali digestion method, enzyme digestion method, H2O2 digestion method, photoelectrocatalysis method, etc., these methods have limitations that are difficult to be popularized and implemented due to low cost performance because of wide distribution and difficult enrichment of soil micro-plastic.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to increase the diversity of soil bacterial communities, improve the metabolic function of bacteria, reasonably adjust the pH value of soil, enhance the soil fertility, improve the soil structure and effectively relieve the harm of soil micro-plastics by using a simpler technical scheme with lower implementation cost, thereby overcoming the defects of the prior art.
In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a biochar treatment method for relieving the harm of soil micro-plastics comprises two stages of biochar preparation and micro-plastic contaminated soil treatment;
the first stage is a biochar preparation stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step a, carbonizing the rice straw waste to obtain an organic carbon product, drying and crushing the organic carbon product at the temperature of 90-120 ℃;
b, putting the organic carbon product obtained in the step a into a tubular furnace, pyrolyzing the organic carbon product at the temperature of 500 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3 h, then cooling the organic carbon product to room temperature, grinding and sieving the organic carbon product to obtain required biological carbon, and bagging the biological carbon for later use;
the second stage is a treatment stage of micro plastic contaminated soil, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, applying the biochar prepared in the first stage to the micro-plastic contaminated soil, and fully and uniformly mixing;
and 2, culturing soil bacteria, wherein the culture period is 90 days, in the process, a weighing method is used for maintaining the soil moisture content to be 60% -80% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil field, and the soil property, the enzyme activity and the microbial community condition in the culture process are observed.
On the basis of the above technical solutions, the present invention can adopt the following additional technical means to limit the above technical solutions so as to better solve the technical problems to be solved by the present invention:
the particle size of the biochar is 2-3 mm.
Preferably, the application amount of the biochar is 1 percent, namely the mass ratio of the biochar to the soil polluted by the micro-plastics is 1 to 100.
Preferably, the soil property of the micro-plastic contaminated soil is acidic loam.
Preferably, the micro-plastics in the micro-plastic contaminated soil are low density polyethylene and polylactic acid.
Preferably, the particle size of the micro plastic in the micro plastic contaminated soil is 550-680 um.
Preferably, the dosage of the micro-plastics in the micro-plastic contaminated soil is 1% to 5%, that is, the mass ratio of the micro-plastics to the soil is 1: 100 to 5: 100.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following main beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the biochar is prepared from the organic waste of the rice straws, and the prepared biochar is used for treating the soil polluted by the micro-plastics, so that the growth and the propagation of microorganisms such as proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, acidobacillus, pseudomonas, proteobacteria and the like in the soil are promoted, the harm of the soil polluted by the micro-plastics can be relieved, the soil quality is improved, and the agricultural production activity of farmland soil is facilitated.
2. The biochar in the invention is derived from rice straw waste, has low cost and high stability, is environment-friendly, and really realizes waste utilization. The biochar is applied to farmland soil polluted by micro-plastics, other toxic substances are not introduced, and large-area popularization and implementation are facilitated.
3. The efficiency of treating the micro plastic polluted soil is high. Specifically, the biochar disclosed by the invention is applied to farmland soil polluted by micro-plastics, and a remarkable technical effect can be generated in 90 days.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2a is an SEM image (scanning electron microscope test image) of PE recovered from polyethylene contaminated soil;
FIG. 2b is an SEM image of PE recovery from polyethylene contaminated soil with biochar application;
FIG. 2c SEM image of PLA recovered from polylactic acid contaminated soil;
FIG. 2d is an SEM image of PLA recovered from soil contaminated with bio-char polylactic acid;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing changes in urease activity of soil after biochar treatment;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the variation of the amount of OTU in a soil sample after biochar treatment;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the abundance change of bacterial community species in soil after biochar treatment.
Detailed Description
In order to facilitate those skilled in the art to more fully understand the technical solutions of the present invention, an embodiment of the present invention is described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, the biochar treatment method for alleviating the micro-plastic hazard of soil comprises two stages of biochar preparation and micro-plastic contaminated soil treatment.
In the first stage, namely the preparation stage of the biochar, the collected rice straws are weighed to remove impurities, washed clean by tap water, naturally dried, placed in an oven at 90-120 ℃ to be dried for 12 hours, crushed into powder by a crusher, placed in an atmosphere box furnace, sealed, vacuumized, introduced with nitrogen as protective gas, rapidly heated to a set temperature of 500 ℃ at a speed of 5-10 ℃/min, and then continuously cracked for 1-3 hours in an oxygen-isolated manner. In the embodiment, the temperature is quickly raised to 500 ℃ at the speed of 5 ℃/min, the oxygen-insulated cracking is continued for 2 hours, the generated waste gas is pumped by an air pumping system to prevent the environment pollution, and the biological tar obtained by condensing part of steam generated in the pyrolysis process is recycled. The protective gas introduced into the atmosphere furnace can also be inert gas such as helium or argon, and the inner cavity of the atmosphere furnace is in an oxygen-deficient or oxygen-insulated state by vacuumizing and introducing the protective gas. And cooling the atmosphere furnace to room temperature, taking out the product, grinding, screening by using a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the required biochar, then bagging for later use, and drying and storing.
In the second stage, the biochar prepared in the first stage is applied to the micro-plastic contaminated soil and is fully and uniformly mixed; then culturing soil bacteria for 90 days, in the process, maintaining the soil moisture content at 60% -80% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil field by using a weighing method (when the soil moisture content is reduced, the specific gravity is increased, according to the change condition of the soil specific gravity, the soil is supplemented with moisture, so that the soil moisture content can be maintained at 60% -80% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil field), so as to provide a proper environment required by growth for the soil bacteria, observe the conditions of soil property, enzyme activity and microbial community in the culturing process, and carry out corresponding detection tests. The specific method comprises the following steps:
the soil used in this example was from Guangdong academy of agricultural sciences, the soil property was acid loam (representative farmland soil common in southern China), and the test site was the laboratory of materials engineering of Dongguan academy of Industrial science. The test is divided into 9 control groups in total,
group 1: control group (CK), no soil contaminated with micro-plastics and no biochar application;
group 2:1% of polyethylene-contaminated soil (mass percentage, the same applies below);
group 3: applying biochar 1% polyethylene contaminated soil;
group 4:5% polyethylene contaminated soil;
group 5: applying biochar 5% polyethylene contaminated soil;
group 6:1% polylactic acid contaminated soil;
group 7: applying 1% polylactic acid of biochar to pollute soil;
group 8:5% polylactic acid contaminated soil;
group 9: soil was contaminated with 5% polylactic acid using biochar.
The detection method comprises the following steps:
the basic physicochemical properties of the soil were determined by a conventional method. Specifically, soil organic matters are measured by a potassium dichromate sulfuric acid method; measuring the soil nitrate nitrogen by adopting an ultraviolet spectrophotometry correction factor method; measuring pH value with pH meter by adopting electrode method (soil-water mass ratio is 1: 2.5); the soil enzyme activity is determined by an enzyme activity kit (Solaibao, beijing, china).
Soil samples were subjected to high throughput sequencing: and (3) extracting 30ng of qualified genomic DNA sample and corresponding fusion primers to configure a PCR reaction system, setting PCR reaction parameters for PCR amplification, purifying and dissolving PCR amplification products in an Elution Buffer by using Agencourt AMPure XP magnetic beads, and labeling to complete library construction. The range and concentration of fragments from the library were determined using an Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. And (4) detecting a qualified library, and selecting a HiSeq platform for sequencing according to the size of the insert.
Sample analysis of soil microplastic: and (3) recovering a micro plastic sample in the soil by an extraction-density separation method, analyzing the surface morphology change of the sample by using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and evaluating the influence of the flora on the degradation of the micro plastic.
After the 90-day soil bacteria culture cycle is completed, the results of the relevant tests are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: after the cultivation is finished, the pH value of soil, organic matters and the content of nitrate nitrogen
| Item | pH | Organic matter content of soil (g/kg) | Nitrate nitrogen content (mg/kg) |
| Group 1 | 6.29 | 33.0 | 62.35 |
| Group 2 | 5.96 | 33.7 | 34.13 |
| Group 3 | 6.80 | 54.3 | 39.91 |
| Group 4 | 6.20 | 33.9 | 39.46 |
| |
6.54 | 57.3 | 46.13 |
| Group 6 | 5.98 | 32.3 | 40.35 |
| Group 7 | 6.72 | 51.8 | 57.46 |
| Group 8 | 5.67 | 33.0 | 30.57 |
| Group 9 | 6.65 | 54.2 | 45.02 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, the organic matter content of the soil polluted by the micro-plastics after the application of the biochar can be improved by 60 percent, the pH value of the acid soil is improved, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the soil is increased. Therefore, the method provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages that the physical and chemical properties of the soil are obviously improved, and the harm of the micro plastic to the soil properties can be effectively relieved.
The technical solution of an embodiment of the present invention and some technical effects thereof are described above with reference to fig. 1 and table 1, and the technical effects of the embodiment are further described below with reference to other drawings:
as shown in fig. 2a to 2d, compared to the original micro-plastic in the contaminated soil, whether polyethylene or polylactic acid, the micro-plastic surface has irregular lamellar layering and many ravines after the treatment. From scanning electron micrographs, the surface cracks and holes of the micro plastic are obviously increased after 90 days in the experimental group applied with the biochar, and the degradation effect on polylactic acid in the micro plastic is greater than that of polyethylene after the biochar is added.
As shown in fig. 3, the urease activity of the micro plastic contaminated soil was significantly increased, which resulted in less nitrate nitrogen being present in the soil, which was significantly increased after the application of biochar. It can be seen that nitrogen fixation occurs in the soil in the presence of the micro-plastic. The existence of traditional plastic film and biodegradable plastics plastic film can influence the nitrogen conversion, and it is fixed to increase the nitrogen, reduces soil nitrogen bioavailability to influence nitrogen utilization efficiency. And by applying the biochar, the utilization rate of nitrogen can be improved, the reserve period of the nitrogen in the soil is prolonged, and the growth of farmland soil crops is facilitated.
As shown in fig. 4, compared to the control group, the number of OTUs (english abbreviation of Operational Taxonomic Units, i.e., operating classification unit, each OTU represents a strain) in the soil contaminated by the micro plastic is significantly reduced, whereas the number of OTUs in the soil contaminated by the micro plastic is significantly increased after the application of the biochar. This indicates that the species abundance of soil bacteria is significantly increased after application of biochar. The OTUs of the present invention, arranged according to bacterial taxonomy, further dissected the observed bacterial community changes, as shown in figure 5. The change of the bacterial community fully indicates that the proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, acidobacterium, bacillus monads and proteobacteria exist enrichment phenomena in the soil polluted by the micro-plastic repaired by the biochar.
In conclusion, the treatment method disclosed by the invention improves the physicochemical properties of the soil by improving the physicochemical indexes of the pH value, the organic matters and the like of the soil, increases the enrichment degree of soil bacteria, ensures that the soil flora has a tighter and more stable network relationship, is beneficial to the degradation of the micro-plastics by the microorganisms, and improves the capability of the soil for resisting the pollution of the micro-plastics. Meanwhile, the treatment method has the advantages of low cost, convenience, easy obtaining, high efficiency, large-area popularization and implementation and difficult secondary pollution.
Claims (7)
1. A biochar treatment method for relieving the harm of soil micro-plastics comprises two stages of biochar preparation and micro-plastic contaminated soil treatment; the method is characterized in that the first stage is a biochar preparation stage, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step a, carbonizing the rice straw waste to obtain an organic carbon product, drying and crushing the organic carbon product at the temperature of 90-120 ℃;
b, putting the organic carbon product obtained in the step a into a vacuum atmosphere furnace, pyrolyzing at 500 ℃, preserving heat for 1-3 h, then cooling to room temperature, grinding and sieving to obtain the required biological carbon, and bagging for later use;
the second stage is a treatment stage of the soil polluted by the micro-plastics, and specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1, applying the biochar prepared in the first stage to micro plastic polluted soil, and fully and uniformly mixing;
and 2, culturing soil bacteria, wherein the culture period is 90 days, in the process, a weighing method is used for maintaining the soil moisture content to be 60% -80% of the maximum water holding capacity of the soil field, and the soil property, the enzyme activity and the microbial community condition in the culture process are observed.
2. The biochar treatment method for mitigating soil microplastic hazards of claim 1 wherein: the particle size of the biochar is 2-3 mm.
3. The biochar treatment method for mitigating soil micro-plastic hazards as recited in claim 1, wherein said biochar is applied in an amount of 1%, that is, the mass ratio of biochar to micro-plastic contaminated soil is 1 to 100.
4. The biochar treatment method for mitigating soil microplastic hazards of claim 1 wherein: the soil property of the micro plastic contaminated soil is acid loam.
5. The biochar treatment method for mitigating soil microplastic hazards of claim 1 wherein: the micro plastic in the micro plastic polluted soil is low-density polyethylene and polylactic acid.
6. The biochar treatment method for mitigating soil microplastic hazards according to claim 1, wherein: the particle size of the micro-plastic in the micro-plastic contaminated soil is 550-680 um.
7. The biochar treatment method for mitigating soil microplastic hazards according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by: the dosage of the micro plastic in the micro plastic contaminated soil is 1% to 5%, namely the mass ratio of the micro plastic to the soil is 1: 100 to 5: 100.
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