CN115213192A - Separation process for decomposing residual membrane based on crop straw microorganisms - Google Patents
Separation process for decomposing residual membrane based on crop straw microorganisms Download PDFInfo
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- CN115213192A CN115213192A CN202210630529.6A CN202210630529A CN115213192A CN 115213192 A CN115213192 A CN 115213192A CN 202210630529 A CN202210630529 A CN 202210630529A CN 115213192 A CN115213192 A CN 115213192A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 242
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims description 40
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000007605 air drying Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 6
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000968 intestinal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 3
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
- A23N17/00—Apparatus specially adapted for preparing animal feeding-stuffs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/35—Shredding, crushing or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
- C05C9/00—Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/60—Heating or cooling during the treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
- C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
- C05F17/971—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material
- C05F17/979—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors for feeding or discharging materials to be treated; for feeding or discharging other material the other material being gaseous
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/10—Solid or semi-solid fertilisers, e.g. powders
- C05G5/12—Granules or flakes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a separation process for microbial decomposition of residual films based on crop straws, and relates to the technical field of shaftless ferris wheels. The separation process based on microbial decomposition of the crop straws and the residual films comprises six steps of straw treatment, stacking and decomposing, drying, screening, organic fertilizer manufacturing, residual film treatment and the like. According to the invention, the straws are decomposed and the decomposed straws are air-dried, so that the straws lose moisture and are changed into powdery straws, residual films which are not decomposed by microorganisms are easily separated from the powdery straws, the straws are separated from the residual films by the gravity separation equipment and the air separator, the separation is more thorough, the waste of resources caused by the fact that the straws and the residual films cannot be reused due to the fact that the straws and the residual films cannot be separated is avoided, the straws and the residual films can be well utilized, the decomposed straws after separation can be prepared into organic fertilizers or cattle and sheep feeds, and the straws can play a greater role.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of shaftless ferris wheels, in particular to a separation process for decomposing residual films based on crop straw microorganisms.
Background
Currently, the plastic film mulching used for crop cultivation is up to 60%, the plastic film mulching of crops in partial areas can be up to more than 85%, due to annual plastic film mulching, residual films cannot be effectively recycled after crops are harvested, partial farmlands are recycled to the field, and the straws and the residual films cannot be reused due to the fact that the straws and the residual films cannot be separated, so that the residual films are always a heart disease of plastic film mulching planting areas.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a separation process for decomposing residual membranes based on crop straw microorganisms, so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: the microbial decomposition residual membrane separation process based on crop straws comprises the following steps:
s1, straw treatment: firstly, conveying the straws on the field to a cutting device through a conveying device, cutting the straws into small sections of 4-6 cm by using a blade, and then conveying the cut straws to a decomposition pool by using a conveying device;
s2, stacking and decomposing: spraying the decomposing agent to the surfaces of the straws through a water pump, continuously turning the straws by using turning equipment in the spraying process to ensure that the straws and the decomposing agent are mixed more uniformly, pouring urea into the decomposing pool, continuously turning the straws by using the turning equipment, stacking the straws together and sealing the decomposing pool by using a sealing cover after the mixing is finished, turning the straws by using the turning equipment once every 4-6 days, and successfully fermenting for 10-15 days;
s3, drying: opening a sealing cover, fishing out the successfully fermented straws in the S2 to a drying rack by using a medium-sized fishing net, firstly placing the drying rack in a ventilated place, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermented straws for 1-2 hours, then directly placing the drying rack into drying equipment, wherein the drying temperature is 40-50 ℃, the drying time is 30-40 minutes, then taking out the drying rack and placing the drying rack in the ventilated place, carrying out cooling treatment on the fermented straws for 1-2 hours, and naturally forming the straws into powder after the moisture in the rotten straws is volatilized, so that the straws can be conveniently separated from residual films in the follow-up process;
s4, screening: pouring the straws on the drying rack into gravity separation equipment, controlling the gravity separation equipment to start, separating the straws from residual membranes, pouring the collecting barrel filled with the powdery straws into a winnowing machine to perform winnowing treatment again after the separation is finished, and further separating the straws from the residual membranes for 1-3 times;
s5, preparing an organic fertilizer: rapidly forming spherical particles from the screened powdery straw by using a particle shaping machine, packaging the spherical granular straw organic fertilizer by using a packaging device, and sterilizing by using a sterilizing device after packaging;
s6, residual film treatment: the residual film after separation in the S3 can be poured into the water tank, the residual film in the water tank is cleaned by the cleaning equipment for 2-4 times, the used water can be filtered by the circulating equipment and recycled, the residual film is fished out to the drying rack through the fishing net and then placed in a ventilated place to be dried in the air for 1-3 hours, and the residual film is packaged by the packaging equipment after being dried in the air, sterilized by the sterilizing equipment and conveyed to a factory, so that the waste plastic in the factory can be reused.
Preferably, in the process of straw decomposition in S2, the decomposition pool needs to be heated by a heating device, which generally includes three stages, namely a first temperature rise stage: raising the temperature of the decomposition pool from normal temperature to 40 ℃ for 1-2 days, and performing a second high-temperature stage: raising the temperature of the decomposing pool from 50 ℃ to 60 ℃, generally only 2-3 days, and in a third cooling stage: and (4) reducing the temperature of the decomposing pool from 60 ℃ to below 40 ℃, and keeping for 7-10 days.
Preferably, before the straw is thoroughly decomposed in S2, the surface of the straw is subjected to water spraying treatment and turning treatment, so that the water content of the straw is 60-70%.
Preferably, the decomposition pool selected in S1 needs to be cleaned 2-4 times by using clean water and cleaning equipment before use, and the sterilized alcohol is sprayed into the decomposition pool 2-4 times by using spraying equipment after cleaning.
Preferably, in the step S2, before the rotting pond is sealed, the straws mixed with the rotting agent are compacted by using a compacting device, and the compacting device is required to be used for compacting after each turning of the straws.
Preferably, an observation window is arranged on the front side of the decomposition pool used in the S2, so that whether the straws are brown or black brown can be observed, the sealing cover can be opened, the straws can be held by hands, and whether the straws are soft and elastic can be judged, so that whether the straws are decomposed successfully can be judged.
Preferably, the preparation step of the decomposing inoculant comprises the following steps: firstly, pouring sugar into a container filled with water, melting the sugar, and dissolving the sugar by using water with the temperature of 30-40 ℃; and step two, mixing water, zymophyte liquid and sugar water according to the proportion of 1:1.5: pouring the mixture into stirring equipment according to the proportion of 0.5, controlling a stirrer to start, stirring for 3-5 minutes, and preparing the diluted decomposition agent.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a separation process for decomposing residual membranes based on crop straw microorganisms, which has the following beneficial effects:
this based on incomplete membrane separation technology of crop straw microbial decomposition, the straw need use cutting equipment to carry out the dissection processing before becoming thoroughly decomposed, overlength can be unfavorable for the straw to become thoroughly decomposed fast, carry out water spray treatment to the straw surface before the straw becomes thoroughly decomposed, improve the water content of straw, can accelerate its rate of becoming thoroughly decomposed, through carrying out the processing of becoming thoroughly decomposed straw and air-drying the straw after becoming thoroughly decomposed, make the straw lose moisture and become powdery straw, make the incomplete membrane that is not become thoroughly decomposed by the microorganism separate with powdery straw more easily, separate straw and incomplete membrane through two kinds of equipment of gravity separation equipment and air separator, separate more thoroughly, avoid appearing because straw and incomplete membrane can't separate, lead to the unable reuse of straw and incomplete membrane, cause the waste of resource, make straw and incomplete membrane all can obtain fine utilization, and the straw that becomes thoroughly decomposed after the separation can make organic fertilizer or ox sheep fodder, make the straw play a bigger effect.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any creative effort based on the embodiments in the present invention, belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: the microbial decomposition and residual film separation process based on crop straws comprises the following steps: s1, straw treatment: firstly, conveying the straws on the field to a cutting device through a conveying device, cutting the straws into 4 cm small sections by using a blade, conveying the cut straws to a decomposition pool by using a conveying device, cleaning the decomposition pool selected in S1 for 2 times by using clean water and cleaning equipment before the decomposition pool is used, and spraying the sterilized alcohol into the decomposition pool for 2 times by using a spraying device after the cleaning; s2, stacking and decomposing: before the straw is thoroughly decomposed, the surface of the straw is sprayed with water and is turned, so that the water content of the straw is 60%, then the decomposing inoculant is sprayed to the surface of the straw through a water pump, the straw is continuously turned by using turning equipment in the spraying process, the straw and the decomposing inoculant are more uniformly mixed, urea is poured into a decomposing pool, the straw is continuously turned by continuously using the turning equipment, after the mixing is finished, the straw is stacked together and the decomposing pool is sealed by using a sealing cover, the straw is turned and stacked once every 4 days by using the turning equipment, the fermentation can be successfully carried out in 10 days, and the preparation step of the decomposing inoculant comprises the following steps: firstly, pouring sugar into a container filled with water, melting the sugar, and dissolving the sugar by using 30-degree water; secondly, mixing water, zymocyte liquid and sugar water according to the ratio of 1:1.5:0.5 pours into agitated vessel into the proportion, and the control agitator starts, stirs 3 minutes, prepares into the decomposition agent after diluting, and the in-process that the straw becomes thoroughly decomposed in S2 needs to heat the pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed through firing equipment, generally divide into three stage, first intensification stage: raising the temperature of the decomposing pool from normal temperature to 40 ℃ for 1 day, and performing a second high-temperature stage: the temperature of the decomposing pool is raised from 50 ℃ to 60 ℃, generally only 2 days are needed, and the third temperature reduction stage is as follows: reducing the temperature of the decomposing pool from 60 ℃ to below 40 ℃, keeping for 7 days, compacting the straws mixed with the decomposing agent by using compacting equipment before the decomposing pool is sealed in S2, compacting the straws after the straws are turned each time by using the compacting equipment, arranging an observation window on the front side of the decomposing pool used in S2, and observing whether the straws are brown or black brown, or opening a sealing cover, holding the straws by hands, and judging whether the straws are soft and elastic, so that whether the straws are successfully decomposed can be judged; s3, drying: opening a sealing cover, fishing out the successfully fermented straws in the S2 to a drying rack by using a medium-sized fishing net, firstly placing the drying rack in a ventilated place, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermented straws for 1 hour, then directly placing the drying rack into drying equipment, taking out the drying rack and placing the drying rack in the ventilated place, cooling the fermented straws for 1 hour, and naturally making the dried straws into powder after water in the rotten straws is volatilized, so that the straws can be conveniently separated from residual films in the follow-up process; s4, screening: pouring the straws on the drying rack into gravity separation equipment, controlling the gravity separation equipment to start, separating the straws from residual membranes, pouring the collecting barrel filled with the powdery straws into a winnowing machine to perform winnowing treatment again after the separation is finished, and further separating the straws from the residual membranes for 1 time; s5, preparing an organic fertilizer: the screened powdery straw is quickly formed into spherical particles by using a particle shaping machine, a packing device is used for packing the straw organic fertilizer in the spherical particles, and the packing device is used for sterilizing after packing, the straw in the spherical particles can also be used for cattle and sheep feed, the fermented straw feed is rich in nutrient components, has vinous smell and good palatability, contains probiotics, can improve the intestinal environment of livestock and poultry, improves the immunity, quickly grows, and greatly increases the benefit of farmers; s6, residual film treatment: can pour the incomplete membrane of after-separating in S3 into the basin, use the incomplete membrane of cleaning equipment in to the basin to wash, wash 2 times, can use circulating equipment to carry out filtration treatment and reuse the water of using, and fish out the incomplete membrane through dragging for the net and go out to the sunning frame on, place the place in the ventilation again, air-dry the processing to the incomplete membrane, the sunning is 1 hour, use baling equipment to pack it after the air-dry, use the disinfection equipment disinfection back and carry to the mill in, can be used to the old and useless plastics reuse of mill.
Example two: the microbial decomposition residual membrane separation process based on crop straws comprises the following steps: s1, straw treatment: firstly, conveying the straws on the field to a cutting device through a conveying device, cutting the straws into 5 cm small sections by using a blade, conveying the cut straws to a decomposition pool by using a conveying device, cleaning the decomposition pool selected in S1 for 3 times by using clean water and cleaning equipment before the decomposition pool is used, and spraying the sterilized alcohol into the decomposition pool for 3 times by using a spraying device after the cleaning; s2, stacking and decomposing: before the straw becomes thoroughly decomposed, carry out water spray treatment and carry out the processing of turnning to the straw surface, make the water content of straw 65%, again spray the maturity agent to the straw surface through the water pump, the in-process that sprays uses the equipment of turnning to turn the straw constantly, make straw and maturity agent mix more evenly, pour urea into the pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed again, continue to use the equipment of turnning to turn the straw constantly, after mixing, stack the straw together and use sealed lid to seal the pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed, use the equipment of turnning to turn over the buttress to the straw once every 5 days, 13 days can ferment successfully, the preparation step of maturity agent includes the following step: firstly, pouring sugar into a container filled with water, melting the sugar, and dissolving the sugar by using 35-degree water; and step two, mixing water, zymophyte liquid and sugar water according to the proportion of 1:1.5:0.5, controlling the stirrer to start, stirring for 4 minutes, preparing diluted decomposing inoculant, heating the decomposing pool by heating equipment in the straw decomposing process in S2, and generally dividing the decomposing pool into three stages, namely a first temperature rise stage: raising the temperature of the decomposition pool from normal temperature to 40 ℃ for 1.5 days, and performing a second high-temperature stage: the temperature of the decomposing pool is raised from 50 ℃ to 60 ℃, generally only 2.5 days are needed, and the third temperature reduction stage is as follows: reducing the temperature of the decomposing pool from 60 ℃ to below 40 ℃, keeping for 8 days, compacting the straws mixed with the decomposing agent by using compacting equipment before the decomposing pool is sealed in S2, compacting the straws after the straws are turned each time by using the compacting equipment, arranging an observation window on the front side of the decomposing pool used in S2, and observing whether the straws are brown or black brown, or opening a sealing cover, holding the straws by hands, and judging whether the straws are soft and elastic, so that whether the straws are successfully decomposed can be judged; s3, drying: opening the sealing cover, fishing out the successfully fermented straws in the S2 onto a drying rack by using a medium-sized fishing net, firstly placing the drying rack in a ventilated place, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermented straws for 1.5 hours, then directly placing the drying rack into drying equipment, taking out the drying rack and placing the drying rack in the ventilated place, carrying out cooling treatment on the fermented straws for 1.5 hours, and naturally forming the straws into powder after the dried straws volatilize due to rotten water, so that the straws can be conveniently separated from residual films in the follow-up process; s4, screening: pouring the straws on the drying rack into gravity separation equipment, controlling the gravity separation equipment to start, separating the straws from residual films, pouring the collecting barrel filled with the powdery straws into a winnowing machine to carry out winnowing treatment again after the separation is finished, and further separating the straws from the residual films for 2 times; s5, preparing an organic fertilizer: the screened powdery straw is quickly formed into spherical particles by using a particle shaping machine, a packing device is used for packing the straw organic fertilizer in the spherical particles, and the packing device is used for sterilizing after packing, the straw in the spherical particles can also be used for cattle and sheep feed, the fermented straw feed is rich in nutrient components, has vinous smell and good palatability, contains probiotics, can improve the intestinal environment of livestock and poultry, improves the immunity, quickly grows, and greatly increases the benefit of farmers; s6, residual film treatment: can pour the incomplete membrane of separation back into the basin in S3, use the incomplete membrane of cleaning equipment in to the basin to wash, wash 3 times, can use circulating equipment to carry out filtration treatment and reuse to the water that uses, and fish out the incomplete membrane to the sunning frame through dragging for the net on, place again in the place that ventilates, air-dry the processing to incomplete membrane, the sunning is 2 hours, after the air-dry and use the baling equipment to pack it, use the disinfection equipment disinfection back and carry to the mill in, can be used to the old and useless plastics of mill to recycle.
Example three: the microbial decomposition residual membrane separation process based on crop straws comprises the following steps: s1, straw treatment: firstly, conveying the straws on the field to a cutting device through a conveying device, cutting the straws into 6 cm small sections by using a blade, conveying the cut straws to a decomposition pool by using a conveying device, cleaning the decomposition pool selected in S1 for 4 times by using clean water and cleaning equipment before the decomposition pool is used, and spraying the sterilized alcohol into the decomposition pool for 4 times by using a spraying device after the cleaning; s2, stacking and decomposing: before the straw becomes thoroughly decomposed, carry out water spray treatment and carry out the processing of turnning to the straw surface, make the water content of straw 70%, spray the maturity agent to the straw surface through the water pump again, the in-process that sprays uses the equipment of turnning to turn the straw constantly, make straw and maturity agent mix more evenly, pour urea into the pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed again, continue to use the equipment of turnning to turn the straw constantly, after mixing, stack the straw together and use sealed lid to seal the pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed, use the equipment of turnning to turn over the buttress to the straw once every 6 days, 15 days can ferment successfully, the preparation step of maturity agent includes the following step: firstly, pouring sugar into a container filled with water, melting the sugar, and dissolving the sugar by using water with the temperature of 40 ℃; secondly, mixing water, zymocyte liquid and sugar water according to the ratio of 1:1.5:0.5, control agitator starts, stirs 5 minutes, prepares into the decomposition agent after diluting, and the in-process that the straw becomes thoroughly decomposed in S2, need heat the pond of becoming thoroughly decomposed through firing equipment, generally divide into three stages, first intensification stage: raising the temperature of the decomposing pool from normal temperature to 40 ℃ for 2 days, and performing a second high-temperature stage: the temperature of the decomposing pool is raised from 50 ℃ to 60 ℃, generally only 3 days are needed, and the third temperature reduction stage is as follows: reducing the temperature of the decomposing pool from 60 ℃ to below 40 ℃, keeping for 10 days, compacting the straws mixed with the decomposing agent by using compacting equipment before the decomposing pool is sealed in S2, compacting the straws after the straws are turned each time by using the compacting equipment, arranging an observation window on the front side of the decomposing pool used in S2, and observing whether the straws are brown or black brown, or opening a sealing cover, holding the straws by hands, and judging whether the straws are soft and elastic, so that whether the straws are successfully decomposed can be judged; s3, drying: opening the sealing cover, fishing out the successfully fermented straws in the S2 to an airing rack by using a medium-sized fishing net, firstly placing the airing rack in a ventilated place, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermented straws for 2 hours, directly placing the airing rack into drying equipment, drying at 50 ℃ for 40 minutes, taking out the airing rack and placing the airing rack in the ventilated place, cooling the fermented straws for 2 hours, and naturally forming the straws into powder after the dried straws are volatilized due to thoroughly decomposed moisture, so that the straws can be conveniently separated from residual membranes; s4, screening: pouring the straws on the drying rack into gravity separation equipment, controlling the gravity separation equipment to start, separating the straws from residual membranes, pouring the collecting barrel filled with the powdery straws into a winnowing machine to carry out winnowing treatment again after the separation is finished, and further separating the straws from the residual membranes for 3 times; s5, preparing an organic fertilizer: the screened powdery straw is quickly formed into spherical particles by using a particle shaping machine, a packing device is used for packing the straw organic fertilizer in the spherical particles, and the packing device is used for sterilizing after packing, the straw in the spherical particles can also be used for cattle and sheep feed, the fermented straw feed is rich in nutrient components, has vinous smell and good palatability, contains probiotics, can improve the intestinal environment of livestock and poultry, improves the immunity, quickly grows, and greatly increases the benefit of farmers; s6, residual film treatment: can pour the incomplete membrane of after-separating in S3 into the basin, use the incomplete membrane of cleaning equipment in to the basin to wash, wash 4 times, can use circulating equipment to carry out filtration treatment and reuse to the water that uses, and fish out the incomplete membrane to the sunning frame through dragging for the net on, place again in the place that ventilates, air-dry the processing to incomplete membrane, the sunning is 3 hours, use the baling equipment to pack it after the air-dry, use the disinfection equipment disinfection back and carry to the mill in, can be used to the old and useless plastics of mill to recycle.
It can be seen from this that: the plastic film mulching used in the current crop cultivation can reach 60%, the plastic film mulching of partial areas can reach more than 85%, the plastic film mulching is carried out every year, the residual film can not be effectively recycled after crops are harvested, partial farmlands can be recycled to the field, the straw and the residual film can not be reused due to the fact that the straw and the residual film can not be separated, the straw and the residual film can not be reused due to the fact that cutting equipment is used for cutting the straw before the straw is thoroughly decomposed, the straw can be quickly decomposed, water spraying processing is carried out on the surface of the straw before the straw is thoroughly decomposed, the water content of the straw is improved, the decomposition rate of the straw can be accelerated, the straw is subjected to decomposition processing and air drying processing on the decomposed straw, the straw loses moisture and becomes powdery straw, the residual film which is not decomposed by microorganisms and the powdery straw can be easily separated, the straw and the residual film can be separated from the straw through two kinds of gravity selecting equipment and a winnowing machine, the straw and the residual film can be separated more thoroughly, the straw and the straw can be prevented from being separated, the straw and the residual film can not be reused, waste of resources is caused, the straw and the straw can be well utilized, and the straw can be made into organic fertilizer or the organic fertilizer, and the organic fertilizer can be made to play a great role of cattle and sheep.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (7)
1. The microbial decomposition residual membrane separation process based on crop straws is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, straw treatment: firstly, conveying the straws on the field to a cutting device through a conveying device, cutting the straws into small sections of 4-6 cm by using a blade, and then conveying the cut straws to a decomposition pool by using a conveying device;
s2, stacking and decomposing: spraying a decomposing agent onto the surface of the straw through a water pump, continuously turning the straw by using turning equipment in the spraying process to ensure that the straw and the decomposing agent are mixed more uniformly, pouring urea into the decomposing pool, continuously turning the straw by using the turning equipment, stacking the straw together and sealing the decomposing pool by using a sealing cover after the mixing is finished, turning the straw once every 4 to 6 days by using the turning equipment, and successfully fermenting for 10 to 15 days;
s3, drying: opening the sealing cover, fishing out the successfully fermented straws in the S2 to an airing rack by using a medium-sized fishing net, firstly placing the airing rack in a ventilated place, carrying out air drying treatment on the fermented straws for 1-2 hours, then directly placing the airing rack into drying equipment, wherein the drying temperature is 40-50 ℃, the drying time is 30-40 minutes, then taking out the airing rack and placing the airing rack in the ventilated place, carrying out cooling treatment on the fermented straws for 1-2 hours, and naturally forming the straws into powder after the dried straws are volatilized due to rotten moisture, so that the straws can be conveniently separated from residual films;
s4, screening: pouring the straws on the drying rack into gravity separation equipment, controlling the gravity separation equipment to start, separating the straws from residual membranes, pouring the collecting barrel filled with the powdery straws into a winnowing machine to perform winnowing treatment again after the separation is finished, and further separating the straws from the residual membranes for 1-3 times;
s5, preparing an organic fertilizer: rapidly forming spherical particles from the screened powdery straws by using a particle shaping machine, packaging the spherical granular straw organic fertilizer by using packaging equipment, and sterilizing by using sterilizing equipment after packaging;
s6, residual film treatment: the residual films after separation in the S3 can be poured into the water tank, the cleaning equipment is used for cleaning the residual films in the water tank for 2-4 times, the circulating equipment can be used for filtering the used water and recycling the water, the residual films are fished out to the drying rack through the fishing net and then placed in a ventilated place, the residual films are dried in the air for 1-3 hours, the residual films are packaged by the packaging equipment after drying, and the residual films are sterilized by the sterilizing equipment and conveyed to a factory and can be used for recycling waste plastics of the factory.
2. The crop straw microorganism decomposition residual membrane separation process based on claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the process of straw decomposition in S2, the decomposition pool needs to be heated by heating equipment, and the process generally comprises three stages, namely a first temperature rise stage: raising the temperature of the decomposing pool from normal temperature to 40 ℃ for 1-2 days, and performing a second high-temperature stage: raising the temperature of the decomposing pool from 50 ℃ to 60 ℃, generally only 2-3 days, and in a third cooling stage: and (4) reducing the temperature of the decomposing pool from 60 ℃ to below 40 ℃, and keeping for 7-10 days.
3. The crop straw microorganism decomposition residual membrane separation process based on claim 2, which is characterized in that: in S2, before the straw is thoroughly decomposed, the surface of the straw is sprayed with water and turned over, so that the water content of the straw is 60-70%.
4. The crop straw microorganism decomposition residual membrane separation process based on claim 3, which is characterized in that: before the decomposition pool selected in the S1 is used, the decomposition pool needs to be cleaned for 2-4 times by using clean water and cleaning equipment, and the sterilized alcohol is sprayed into the decomposition pool for 2-4 times by spraying equipment after cleaning.
5. The crop straw microorganism-based decomposition residual membrane separation process as claimed in claim 4, wherein: in the S2, before the decomposing pool is sealed, the straws mixed with the decomposing agent are compacted by using compacting equipment, and the compacting equipment is required to be used for compacting after the straws are turned over each time.
6. The crop straw microorganism-based decomposition residual membrane separation process as claimed in claim 5, wherein: an observation window is arranged on the front side of the decomposing pool used in the S2, so that whether the straws are brown or black brown can be observed, the sealing cover can be opened, the straws can be held by hands, and whether the straws are soft and elastic can be judged, so that whether the straws are successfully decomposed can be judged.
7. The crop straw microorganism decomposition residual membrane separation process based on claim 6, which is characterized in that: the preparation method of the decomposing inoculant comprises the following steps: firstly, pouring sugar into a container filled with water, melting the sugar, and dissolving the sugar by using water with the temperature of 30-40 ℃; secondly, mixing water, zymocyte liquid and sugar water according to the ratio of 1:1.5: pouring the mixture into stirring equipment according to the proportion of 0.5, controlling a stirrer to start, stirring for 3-5 minutes, and preparing the diluted decomposition agent.
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