CN115199385A - 催化剂装置 - Google Patents

催化剂装置 Download PDF

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CN115199385A
CN115199385A CN202210360720.3A CN202210360720A CN115199385A CN 115199385 A CN115199385 A CN 115199385A CN 202210360720 A CN202210360720 A CN 202210360720A CN 115199385 A CN115199385 A CN 115199385A
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catalyst
catalyst carrier
central axis
catalyst device
carrier
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贞光贵裕
笠井义幸
小崎裕子
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NGK Insulators Ltd
Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
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    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/2006Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating
    • F01N3/2013Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means
    • F01N3/2026Periodically heating or cooling catalytic reactors, e.g. at cold starting or overheating using electric or magnetic heating means directly electrifying the catalyst substrate, i.e. heating the electrically conductive catalyst substrate by joule effect
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2839Arrangements for mounting catalyst support in housing, e.g. with means for compensating thermal expansion or vibration

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Abstract

本发明提供一种催化剂装置。催化剂装置具备催化剂载体,该催化剂载体具有中心轴。所述催化剂载体具有沿与所述中心轴垂直的方向设置的狭缝。所述狭缝以相对于包含所述中心轴的任意的平面对称的方式设置。

Description

催化剂装置
技术领域
本公开涉及催化剂装置。
背景技术
在内燃机的排气通路等配置的催化剂装置具有载持催化剂的催化剂载体。例如,在日本特开2003-311159号公报记载的催化剂装置具有的催化剂载体上形成将该催化剂载体的单元横穿的狭缝。狭缝缓和作用于催化剂载体的热应力。
发明内容
【发明的概要】
【发明要解决的课题】
上述公报记载的狭缝没有设置成相对于包含催化剂载体的中心轴的任意的平面对称。因此,在催化剂载体中的形成有狭缝的部位,由狭缝产生的热应力的缓和在催化剂载体的径向上不均。由于这样的热应力的不均而催化剂载体可能会损伤。
【用于解决课题的方案】
本公开的一方案的催化剂装置具备催化剂载体,该催化剂载体具有中心轴。所述催化剂载体具有狭缝,该狭缝沿与所述中心轴垂直的方向设置。所述狭缝以相对于包含所述中心轴的任意的平面对称的方式设置。
附图说明
图1是一实施方式的催化剂装置的主视图。
图2是图1的催化剂装置的侧视图。
图3是图2的催化剂载体的侧视图。
图4是沿着图3所示的4-4线的催化剂载体的剖视图。
图5A-5C是表示图1的催化剂装置的作用的图。
图6是变更例的催化剂装置的侧视图。
图7是另一变更例的催化剂装置的侧视图。
具体实施方式
以下,参照图1~图5C,详细说明催化剂装置的一实施方式。本实施方式的催化剂装置10是为了对车载等的内燃机的排气进行净化而设置于该内燃机的排气通路内的电加热式的催化剂装置。
<催化剂装置的结构>
参照图1及图2,说明催化剂装置10的结构。
催化剂装置10具备圆筒状的催化剂载体11。需要说明的是,在以下的说明中,在将催化剂载体11设为圆筒时将该圆筒的中心轴O延伸的方向记载为催化剂载体11的轴向A。
催化剂载体11成为具有将该催化剂载体11沿轴向A贯通的多个单元孔的单块结构。催化剂载体11是例如以硅及碳化硅的复合物为主成分的烧结体且导电体。在催化剂载体11的各单元孔的壁面载持有铂、钯、铑等金属催化剂。需要说明的是,在以下的说明中,将催化剂载体11中的图2的左侧的端记载为该催化剂载体11的前端。而且,将催化剂载体11中的图2的右侧的端记载为该催化剂载体11的后端。
在催化剂载体11的侧面设有两个电极部12。两电极部12分别设置于催化剂载体11的侧面中的隔着中心轴O相互成为相反侧的位置。
各电极部12具有第一基底层13、第二基底层14、金属电极板15及固定层16。
第一基底层13是以与催化剂载体11的侧面相接的方式形成的由具有导电性的陶瓷构成的层。
第二基底层14形成于第一基底层13的表面。第二基底层14是由金属基质和分散于该金属基质内的氧化矿物粒子构成的层。作为金属基质,可使用例如NiCr合金或MCrAlY合金。需要说明的是,这里的“M”表示Fe、Co、Ni中的一个以上。另一方面,作为氧化矿物粒子,可使用以例如二氧化硅或氧化铝等氧化物为主成分且包含膨润土或云母的粒子。
金属电极板15是由Fe-Cr合金等具有导电性的金属构成的梳状的板。金属电极板15通过由与第二基底层14相同材料构成的固定层16而固定于第二基底层14的表面。
在这样的催化剂装置10中,能进行催化剂载体11的电加热。即,如图1所示,当向两个电极部12之间施加电压而向催化剂载体11通电时,利用与该通电相应的发热将催化剂载体11加热。在将催化剂装置10组装于内燃机时,通过这样的催化剂载体11的电加热,实现催化剂活性的促进。
催化剂装置10以插入于壳体20的状态设置于内燃机的排气通路。
当由于来自电加热或排气的受热而催化剂载体11成为高温时,在催化剂载体11产生热应力。并且,当这样的热应力变得过大时,在催化剂载体11可能会产生裂纹。在本实施方式的催化剂装置10中,将这样的用于缓和热应力的狭缝50设置于催化剂载体11。
<关于狭缝>
如图2及图3所示,狭缝50在轴向A上的催化剂载体11的中央附近设置一个,以沿着与中心轴O垂直的方向延伸的方式形成。
图4示出形成有狭缝50的部位的径向上的催化剂载体11的剖面。如该图所示,狭缝50设置成相对于包含中心轴O的任意的平面Pv对称。催化剂载体11的径向上的狭缝50的长度D比催化剂载体11的径向上的长度R短。即,在径向上的催化剂载体11的剖面中,狭缝50呈以中心轴O为中心的环形状。在催化剂载体11的该剖面的中心形成有以中心轴O为中心的圆柱状的连接部11f。该连接部11f的半径r等于上述长度D与上述长度R之差。狭缝50在与中心轴O正交的面内,绕着中心轴O遍及360度地延伸。狭缝50在催化剂载体11的侧面、即外周面遍及360度地开口。
如图3所示,催化剂载体11包括在轴向A上分别位于狭缝50的两侧的第一分割体11a及第二分割体11b。相邻的第一分割体11a及第二分割体11b经由上述连接部11f相连。
催化剂载体11的径向上的连接部11f的截面积S(图4所示的连接部11f的斜线部的面积)成为以下那样。即,在将催化剂装置10向上述的壳体20插入时,将沿该催化剂装置10的轴向A作用于该催化剂装置10的载荷设为插入载荷。连接部11f的截面积S以催化剂载体11的每单位面积的极限载荷乘以截面积S而得到的值比上述插入载荷大的方式设定。
<实施方式的作用及效果>
以下说明本实施方式的作用及效果。
(1)狭缝50设置成相对于包含催化剂载体11的中心轴O的任意的平面Pv对称。因此,在形成有狭缝50的部位,能抑制由该狭缝50产生的热应力的缓和的程度在催化剂载体11的径向上不均的情况。因此,能够抑制这样的热应力的不均引起的催化剂载体11的损伤。
(2)在催化剂载体11内在轴向A产生温度梯度的情况下,催化剂载体11的热变形量根据温度梯度而不同,因此在催化剂载体11会产生这样的热变形量的差异引起的应力。由于这样的热变形量的差异引起的应力被上述狭缝50隔断,因此能够减少在催化剂载体11产生的应力。
图5A~图5C示出这样的作用效果的一例,即内燃机成为减速状态时的例子。图5A示出减速状态下的催化剂载体11的轴向上的温度梯度。图5B示出本实施方式的比较例,即不具备上述狭缝50的催化剂载体111的形状及应力状态。图5C示出本实施方式的催化剂载体11的形状及应力状态。需要说明的是,在图5B及图5C中,通过实线表示常温下的催化剂载体的形状,通过双点划线表示减速状态时的催化剂载体的形状。
如图5A所示,在减速状态下,低温的排气向催化剂载体11流入,因此催化剂载体11内的前端的温度比催化剂载体11内的后端的温度低。因此,如图5B及图5C所示,在减速中的催化剂载体111、11中,成为前端侧收缩而后端侧膨胀的状态。
在此,如图5B所示,在未设置狭缝50的催化剂载体111中,由于前端侧的收缩和后端侧的膨胀而产生拉伸应力H。该拉伸应力H作为妨碍前端侧的收缩的力发挥作用,因此作用于前端侧的应力增大。
另一方面,如图5C所示,在具有狭缝50的本实施方式的催化剂载体11中,由于前端侧的收缩和后端侧的膨胀而产生的拉伸应力H被上述狭缝50隔断。因此,这样的拉伸应力H难以作为妨碍前端侧的收缩的力发挥作用。因此,与比较例相比,在本实施方式的催化剂载体11中,作用于前端侧的应力减小,在催化剂载体11产生的应力降低。
(3)以催化剂载体11的每单位面积的极限载荷乘以连接部11f的截面积S而得到的值比上述插入载荷大的方式设定该截面积S。因此,能够适当地抑制将催化剂装置10向壳体20插入时的该催化剂装置10的损伤。
(4)在本实施方式中,催化剂装置10是具备对催化剂载体11进行加热的电极部12的催化剂装置,即所谓电加热式的催化剂装置,催化剂载体11由导电体构成。在此,通常,导电体与非导体相比热膨胀率高且容易受到热应力的影响。关于这一点,在本实施方式中,在这样的电加热式的催化剂装置10中,通过适用上述的结构,即使在容易受到热应力的影响的电加热式的催化剂装置10中,也能够抑制由热应力引起的催化剂载体11的损伤。
需要说明的是,本实施方式可以如以下那样变更实施。本实施方式及以下的变更例在技术上不矛盾的范围内可以相互组合实施。
·如图6所示,在将第一分割体11a的侧面与第二分割体11b的侧面经由电极部12连接的情况下,通过该电极部12将第一分割体11a与第二分割体11b相互连接。因此,在该情况下,可以省略上述连接部11f。
·如图7所示,狭缝50可以沿催化剂载体11的轴向A并列设置多个。
在该情况下,通过狭缝50划分的催化剂载体11的各分割体11a、11b、11c的轴向A上的长度L比未设置多个狭缝50的情况下缩短。因此,轴向A上的各分割体内的温度梯度产生的温度差比未设置多个狭缝50的情况下减小。因此,能够进一步减小在催化剂载体11产生的热应力。
另外,如该图7所示,将与中心轴O正交且在轴向A上将催化剂载体11进行二等分的平面设为该催化剂载体11的中心面P2。也可以在相对于该中心面P2对称的位置分别设置狭缝50。在该情况下能得到如下的作用效果。
即,在内燃机为减速状态时,低温的排气向催化剂载体11流入,因此催化剂载体11内的前端的温度比催化剂载体11内的后端的温度低。另一方面,在加速状态时,高温的排气向催化剂载体11流入,因此催化剂载体11内的前端的温度比催化剂载体11内的后端的温度高。这样催化剂载体11的温度梯度有时根据内燃机的运转状态而反转。关于这一点,如果在相对于中心面P2对称的位置设置狭缝50,则即使在催化剂载体11的温度梯度反转的情况下,也能够良好地降低在催化剂载体11产生的应力。
需要说明的是,在图7所示的变更例中,在催化剂载体11的分割体经由电极部12相互连接的情况下,也可以省略连接部11f。
·只要是满足沿着与催化剂载体11的中心轴O垂直的方向延伸且相对于包含中心轴O的任意的平面Pv对称的方式设置这一条件的狭缝,狭缝50的形状就可以适当变更。
·设置于催化剂载体11的电极部12的配置、结构可以适当变更。

Claims (7)

1.一种催化剂装置,其中,
所述催化剂装置具备催化剂载体,该催化剂载体具有中心轴,
所述催化剂载体具有狭缝,该狭缝沿与所述中心轴垂直的方向设置,
所述狭缝以相对于包含所述中心轴的任意的平面对称的方式设置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的催化剂装置,其中,
所述狭缝沿所述中心轴延伸的方向并列地设置多个。
3.根据权利要求2所述的催化剂装置,其中,
与所述中心轴正交且在所述中心轴延伸的方向上将所述催化剂载体进行二等分的平面是该催化剂载体的中心面,
多个所述狭缝设置在相对于所述中心面对称的位置。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的催化剂装置,其中,
所述狭缝在所述催化剂载体的径向上的长度比所述催化剂载体的径向的长度短。
5.根据权利要求1~4中任一项所述的催化剂装置,其中,
所述催化剂载体包括:
分割体,在所述中心轴延伸的方向上分别位于所述狭缝的两侧;及
连接部,将相邻的所述分割体连接,
在将所述催化剂装置向壳体插入时,沿该催化剂装置的中心轴延伸的方向作用于该催化剂装置的载荷为插入载荷,
所述连接部在所述催化剂载体的径向上的截面积设定为,所述催化剂载体的每单位面积的极限载荷乘以所述截面积而得到的值比所述插入载荷大。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的催化剂装置,其中,
所述催化剂载体为导电体,
所述催化剂装置还具备两个电极部,该两个电极部设置于所述催化剂载体的侧面并构成为对该催化剂载体进行加热。
7.根据权利要求1~6中任一项所述的催化剂装置,其中,
所述狭缝在与所述中心轴正交的面内绕着所述中心轴遍及360度地延伸。
CN202210360720.3A 2021-04-13 2022-04-07 催化剂装置 Pending CN115199385A (zh)

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