CN115197730A - Preparation device and method of modified biomass charcoal based on low-temperature cracking - Google Patents
Preparation device and method of modified biomass charcoal based on low-temperature cracking Download PDFInfo
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- CN115197730A CN115197730A CN202210986807.1A CN202210986807A CN115197730A CN 115197730 A CN115197730 A CN 115197730A CN 202210986807 A CN202210986807 A CN 202210986807A CN 115197730 A CN115197730 A CN 115197730A
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 83
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 48
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 8
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011163 secondary particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011164 primary particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B1/00—Retorts
- C10B1/02—Stationary retorts
- C10B1/04—Vertical retorts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
- C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
- C10B57/10—Drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G1/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oil-shale, oil-sand, or non-melting solid carbonaceous or similar materials, e.g. wood, coal
- C10G1/008—Controlling or regulating of liquefaction processes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for preparing modified biomass charcoal based on low-temperature cracking, and particularly relates to a biomass charcoal preparation technology. According to the preparation device and method of the modified biomass charcoal based on low-temperature cracking, the purpose of accurately controlling the temperature is achieved by forming four processing spaces in the furnace body and respectively inputting hot air with corresponding temperature by using the four heating assemblies, so that the utilization rate of heat energy can be improved, the heat energy loss is reduced, and the carbonization quality and efficiency are improved to a certain extent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biomass charcoal preparation, in particular to a device and a method for preparing modified biomass charcoal based on low-temperature pyrolysis.
Background
The biomass carbon is a carbon-rich and small-particle porous material produced by pyrolysis of biomass under the anoxic high-temperature condition, the surface of the material is provided with a large amount of charges, heavy metals and organic pollutants in a water environment can be adsorbed, rice hulls are used as agricultural wastes with huge yield, and the biomass carbon prepared by using the rice hulls has great application potential in the field of wastewater treatment. In the prior art, the pollutants in water are removed mainly by utilizing the characteristics of large specific surface area, rich pore structures and ion exchange between surface functional groups and the pollutants in water. Due to the fact that the types of pollutants in water are multiple, the requirement on water quality standard is high, the adjustment range of the surface groups of the common biomass charcoal is narrow, and the adsorption selectivity is poor; although the biomass carbon has a large specific surface area, the ratio of micropores in a pore structure is large, and the ratio of mesopores and macropores is small, so that the biomass carbon is not beneficial to adsorbing macromolecular substances with complex structures; the biomass charcoal has a small proportion of hydrophilic groups on the surface, shows hydrophobicity, and has poor dispersibility in water.
A series of products can be obtained by taking crop straws and agricultural and forestry wastes as raw materials and carrying out pyrolysis, wherein the products comprise biomass charcoal, liquid products and gas products. Biomass charcoal is an important product of thermal cracking of biomass. The high fixed carbon content is beneficial to improving the stability of soil and can be used as an organic raw material of a soil conditioner and a compound fertilizer. The biomass charcoal-based fertilizer obviously improves the chemical properties and physical structures of soil. The yield and the quality of crops are also obviously improved. The production of the biomass charcoal and the biomass charcoal base fertilizer makes an important contribution to optimizing the structure of the fertilizer and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture.
The invention provides a preparation device and a preparation method of modified biomass charcoal based on low-temperature pyrolysis, which are used for preparing biomass charcoal.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a device and a method for preparing modified biomass charcoal based on low-temperature pyrolysis, which can effectively solve the problems in the background art.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a modified biomass charcoal preparation device based on low-temperature cracking comprises a furnace body, wherein a furnace cover is arranged at the top of the furnace body, three supporting legs are arranged on an annular array at the lower part of the outer surface of the furnace body, an exhaust pipe and a feeding pipe are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the top of the furnace cover, a servo motor is fixed in the middle of the top end of the furnace body, two first carbonization auxiliary discs and two second carbonization auxiliary discs are arranged in the inner cavity of the furnace body, the two first carbonization auxiliary discs and the two second carbonization auxiliary discs are sequentially distributed in a staggered mode from top to bottom, the output end of the servo motor extends into the furnace body and is fixedly connected with a central shaft, two first stirring assemblies and two second stirring assemblies are fixed on the outer surface of the central shaft, the two first stirring assemblies are respectively arranged above the two first carbonization auxiliary discs, the two second stirring assemblies are respectively arranged above the two second carbonization auxiliary discs, a discharging pipe is arranged in the middle of the lower end of the furnace body, four heating assemblies are further arranged in the inner cavity of the furnace body, and the four heating assemblies are respectively positioned above the two first stirring assemblies and the two second stirring assemblies;
the first carbonization auxiliary disc comprises a first disc body fixed on the inner wall of a furnace body, the upper end surface of the first disc body is provided with an inclined plane which is recessed from the outer side to the middle part, a plurality of first feeding grooves are arranged on the upper end surface of the first disc body at equal intervals, a first discharging groove for discharging is arranged between any two adjacent first feeding grooves, a horizontal circular platform I is arranged at the center of the middle part of the upper end of the first disc body, a first shaft hole for connecting the central shaft is arranged at the center of the circular platform I, and a first discharging pipe is arranged on the outer side of the circular platform I;
the second carbonization auxiliary disc is including the second disk body that is fixed in the furnace body inner wall, second disk body up end sets up to the inclined plane by middle part outside slope, and the up end equidistance of second disk body has seted up a plurality of silos two of walking, and arbitrary two adjacent silo two of walking all are equipped with the feed chute two that is used for the unloading between the silo two, the upper end middle part axle center department of second disk body sets up to horizontally circular platform two, and this circular platform two axle center departments are equipped with the shaft hole two that is used for connecting above-mentioned center pin, and the feed chute two bottoms that are located the outside are equipped with the unloading pipe two.
Preferably, the bottom of first disk body sets up to smooth convex surface, and is equipped with intermediate layer one in the first disk body, every walk the equal ring array of diapire of silo one and seted up a plurality of outage one, a plurality of outage one all communicate each other with intermediate layer one, the equal fixed mounting in bottom of first disk body has a fluid-discharge tube one, and a fluid-discharge tube one communicates each other with an intermediate layer inner chamber.
Preferably, the bottom of second disk body is established to the cambered surface that central authorities sunken upwards, and is equipped with intermediate layer two in the second disk body, every the equal annular array of diapire of walking silo two is equipped with a plurality of outage two, and a plurality of outage two all communicate each other with intermediate layer two, the bottom edge of second disk body is equipped with unloading pipe two, the bottom edge of second disk body still is equipped with the fluid-discharge tube two that communicates each other with two inner chambers of intermediate layer.
Preferably, the first liquid discharge pipe and the second liquid discharge pipe both penetrate through the furnace body and extend to the outside of the furnace body, and are fixedly connected with a collecting pipe, and a control valve is arranged at the position, below the first liquid discharge pipes and the second liquid discharge pipes, of the lower part of the outer surface of the collecting pipe.
Preferably, the heating assembly comprises an air inlet pipe fixedly connected with the side wall of the furnace body and a plurality of annular pipes arranged inside the furnace body, and one end of the air inlet pipe, far away from the annular pipes, penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body, extends to the outside of the furnace body and is fixedly provided with an electromagnetic valve;
and a plurality of annular pipes are respectively arranged right above the first material passing grooves or the second material passing grooves.
Preferably, the first stirring assembly comprises two first stirring rods which are connected with the central shaft and are symmetrical to each other, the first stirring rods are the same as the inclination slope of the upper end face of the first carbonization auxiliary disc, a plurality of first connecting seats are fixedly mounted on the outer side of the lower ends of the first stirring rods, a first push plate is fixedly mounted on the lower end face of the first connecting seats, the first push plate comprises two first material shifting plates with a certain gap, the bottoms of the first push plates are respectively abutted to the bottom walls of a plurality of material walking grooves, a first scraping blade is fixed on one side, close to the central shaft, of the lower end of each stirring rod, and the lower end face of each scraping blade is abutted to the corresponding circular platform.
Preferably, the second stirring assembly comprises two stirring rods II which are connected with the central shaft and are symmetrical to each other, the slope of the upper end face of each stirring rod II is the same as that of the upper end face of the second carbonization auxiliary disc, a plurality of connecting seats II are fixedly mounted on the inner sides of the lower end faces of the stirring rods II, a second push plate is fixedly mounted on the lower end face of each connecting seat II, each second push plate comprises two material stirring plates with certain gaps, the second push plates respectively abut against the bottom walls of the material walking grooves II and the circular platform II, scraping blades II are fixedly mounted on the outer sides of the lower ends of the stirring rods II, and the lower ends of the scraping blades abut against the bottom walls of the material walking grooves II located on the outermost side.
Preferably, the lateral wall of the middle part of the inner cavity of the feeding pipe is provided with a baffle plate, the upper end surface of the baffle plate is arranged to be an inclined surface inclined towards the lateral wall of the furnace body, and the part of the baffle plate, which is close to the outer side of the furnace body, is provided with a feed opening which is communicated up and down.
The invention also discloses a method for preparing biomass charcoal by using the modified biomass charcoal preparation device based on low-temperature pyrolysis, which comprises the following specific steps:
and 4, solid decomposition: the straw particles fall onto a second first carbonization auxiliary disc under the stirring action of the first and second stirring assemblies, and the temperature is raised to 300-600 ℃ through a third heating assembly for solid decomposition;
and 6, discharging: and under the stirring action of the second stirring assembly, the biomass charcoal subjected to low-temperature carbonization is discharged from the discharge pipe.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, the first carbonization auxiliary disc and the second carbonization auxiliary disc are arranged and matched with the first stirring assembly and the second stirring assembly, so that the straw particles can stay in the furnace body for a long enough time in the carbonization process, the stay time can be controlled through different rotating speeds of the servo motor, the control of the carbonization progress in carbonization is facilitated, and the carbonization quality and efficiency are improved to a certain extent.
2. According to the invention, the first liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the first carbonization auxiliary disc, the second liquid discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the second carbonization auxiliary disc, and then the first liquid discharge hole is matched with the second liquid discharge hole, so that the biomass oil can be automatically recovered, and the subsequent treatment is convenient.
3. According to the invention, the two first carbonization auxiliary discs and the two second carbonization auxiliary discs are sequentially distributed in a staggered manner from top to bottom, so that four processing spaces are formed in the furnace body to respectively carry out carbonization processes of drying, preheating and cracking, solid decomposition and combustion, and the four heating assemblies are used for respectively inputting hot air with corresponding temperatures, so that the purpose of accurately controlling the temperatures is achieved, the utilization rate of the heat energy can be improved, and the loss of the heat energy can be reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a cut-away front view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cut-away perspective view of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall structure of a first carbonization auxiliary disk of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a cut-away front view of a first auxiliary carbonization disc of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the overall structure of a second auxiliary carbonization disk according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a cut-away front view of a second carbonization auxiliary disk of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the heating assembly of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 1 at A in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the structure of FIG. 1 at B in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 11 is a schematic view of a cutaway of the furnace lid of the present invention;
fig. 12 is a schematic view of the production process of biomass charcoal and charcoal-based fertilizer according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a furnace body; 2. a furnace cover; 3. an exhaust pipe; 4. a feed pipe; 41. a striker plate; 5. a servo motor; 6. a first carbonization auxiliary disk; 61. a first tray body; 62. a first material feeding groove; 63. a first discharging groove; 64. a first liquid discharge hole; 65. a first shaft hole; 66. a feeding pipe I; 67. a first liquid discharge pipe; 68. a first interlayer; 7. a first stirring assembly; 71. a first stirring rod; 72. a first connecting seat; 73. scraping a first blade; 74. a first material shifting plate; 8. a second carbonization auxiliary disk; 81. a second tray body; 82. a feeding groove II; 83. a feeding trough II; 84. a second liquid discharge hole; 85. a second shaft hole; 86. a feeding pipe II; 87. a second liquid discharge pipe; 88. a second interlayer; 9. a second stirring assembly; 91. a second stirring rod; 92. a second connecting seat; 93. a second scraping blade; 94. a second material stirring plate; 10. a heating assembly; 101. an electromagnetic valve; 102. an air inlet pipe; 103. an annular tube; 11. a discharge pipe; 12. supporting legs; 13. a header pipe; 14. and a control valve.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Example one
The embodiment discloses a preparation device of modified biomass charcoal based on low-temperature cracking, as shown in fig. 1-3, the preparation device comprises a furnace body 1, a furnace cover 2 is arranged at the top of the furnace body 1, three supporting legs 12 are arranged on a lower annular array of the outer surface of the furnace body 1 and used for supporting the whole device, the furnace cover 2 and the furnace body 1 are detachably connected, the sealing performance is good, an exhaust pipe 3 and an inlet pipe 4 are symmetrically arranged on the outer side of the top of the furnace cover 2, the exhaust pipe 3 is used for discharging gas combustible gas generated in the carbonization process and conveying the combustible gas to a gas treatment device, the inlet pipe 4 is connected with an output end of a screw conveyor and used for leading in granulated straws, a servo motor 5 is fixed in the middle of the top of the furnace body 1 and used for stirring and blanking, straw particles are uniformly heated during carbonization, two first carbonization auxiliary disks 6 and two second carbonization auxiliary disks 8 are arranged in the inner cavity of the furnace body 1, the two first carbonization auxiliary disks 6 and the two second carbonization auxiliary disks 8 are sequentially distributed in an up-down staggered manner, four treatment spaces are formed in the furnace body 1 and are used for respectively drying, preheating, solid decomposition and combustion.
Furthermore, the output end of the servo motor 5 extends into the furnace body 1 and is fixedly connected with a central shaft, two first stirring assemblies 7 and two second stirring assemblies 9 are fixed on the outer surface of the central shaft, the two first stirring assemblies 7 are respectively arranged above the two first carbonization auxiliary discs 6, the two second stirring assemblies 9 are respectively arranged above the two second carbonization auxiliary discs 8 and are respectively used for stirring and stirring straw particles on the second carbonization auxiliary discs 8 and the first carbonization auxiliary discs 6 so as to enable the straw particles to be heated uniformly, a discharge pipe 11 is arranged in the middle of the lower end of the furnace body 1 and is used for discharging carbonized finished biomass carbon, four heating assemblies 10 are further arranged in the inner cavity of the furnace body 1, and the four heating assemblies 10 are respectively positioned above the two first stirring assemblies 7 and the two second stirring assemblies 9;
it should be noted that the four heating assemblies 10 respectively convey hot air of different temperatures into the furnace body 1, in order to satisfy the temperature conditions of the above-mentioned four processes of drying, preheating and cracking, solid decomposition and combustion, and on this basis, it should be further noted that, in this embodiment, the first auxiliary carbonization disc 6 and the second auxiliary carbonization disc 8 are both made of a material with good heat insulation performance in the prior art, so as to ensure that the temperatures in the four processing spaces thereof are differentiated, and meanwhile, the temperatures in the four processing spaces are all monitored by thermometers, so as to achieve the purpose of controlling the temperatures in the four processing spaces.
As shown in fig. 4-5, the first carbonization auxiliary disc 6 includes a first disc body 61 fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body 1, the upper end surface of the first disc body 61 is a slope recessed from the outside to the middle, a plurality of first feeding grooves 62 are equidistantly formed in the upper end surface of the first disc body 61, a first discharging groove 63 for discharging is formed between any two adjacent first feeding grooves 62, a first horizontal circular platform is arranged at the center of the middle of the upper end of the first disc body 61, a first shaft hole 65 for connecting the central shaft is formed at the center of the first circular platform, and a first discharging pipe 66 is arranged on the outside of the circular platform; the side wall of the middle part of the inner cavity of the feeding pipe 4 is provided with a material baffle plate 41, the upper end surface of the material baffle plate 41 is arranged to be an inclined surface inclined towards the side wall of the furnace body 1, and the part of the material baffle plate 41 close to the outer side of the furnace body 1 is provided with a feed opening which is through up and down;
therefore, the straw particles after granulation enter the furnace body 1 through the inlet pipe 4 under the conveying of the screw conveyer, the inclined plane at the upper end of the baffle plate 41 and the feed opening close to the outer side of the furnace body 1 can ensure that the straw particles can fall to the outer side of the first carbonization auxiliary disc 6, namely, the straw particles enter the material feeding groove 62 on the outermost side, so that the straw particles can enter the next material feeding groove 62 by utilizing the first material feeding groove 63 under the action of the first stirring assembly 7, in the process, the time that the straw particles stay in the furnace body 1 can be ensured to meet the carbonization requirement, the straw particles can be heated uniformly, and the carbonization effect can be greatly improved.
In addition, as shown in fig. 6 to 7, the second carbonization auxiliary disc 8 in this embodiment includes a second disc body 81 fixed to the inner wall of the furnace body 1, the upper end surface of the second disc body 81 is set to be an inclined surface inclined from the middle to the outside, a plurality of feeding grooves two 82 are equidistantly formed in the upper end surface of the second disc body 81, a feeding groove two 83 for feeding is formed between any two adjacent feeding grooves two 82, a horizontal circular platform two is arranged at the center of the upper end of the second disc body 81, a shaft hole two 85 for connecting the central shaft is formed at the center of the circular platform two, and a feeding pipe two 86 is formed at the bottom of the feeding groove two 82 located at the outermost side;
it can be seen that under the action of the first stirring assembly 7, the straw particles in the first feeding groove 62 finally enter the first circular platform along the first feeding grooves 63 and fall into the second auxiliary carbonization disc 8 through the first feeding pipe 66, and the first feeding pipe 66 is located right above the second circular platform, so that the straw particles can fall onto the second circular platform, and then under the action of the second stirring assembly 9, the straw particles finally fall from the second feeding groove 83 and the second feeding groove 82 to enter the next first auxiliary carbonization disc 6.
Because biomass oil is generated in the carbonization overshoot, in order to collect the generated biomass oil for subsequent treatment, the bottom of the first tray body 61 in the embodiment is set to be a smooth convex surface, an interlayer one 68 is arranged in the first tray body 61, a plurality of drain holes one 64 are formed in the bottom wall of each walking groove one 62 in an annular array mode, the plurality of drain holes one 64 are communicated with the interlayer one 68, a drain pipe one 67 is fixedly installed at the bottom of the first tray body 61, and inner cavities of the drain pipes one 67 and the interlayer one 68 are communicated with each other; meanwhile, the bottom of the second tray body 81 is provided with an arc surface with an upward concave center, an interlayer II 88 is arranged in the second tray body 81, the bottom wall of each material feeding groove II 82 is provided with a plurality of liquid discharge holes II 84 in an annular array, the liquid discharge holes II 84 are communicated with the interlayer II 88, the bottom edge of the second tray body 81 is provided with a discharging pipe II 86, and the bottom edge of the second tray body 81 is also provided with a liquid discharge pipe II 87 communicated with the inner cavity of the interlayer II 88;
therefore, in the carbonization process, the generated biomass oil can enter the second interlayer 88 or the first discharging pipe 66 from the second liquid discharging hole 84 or the first liquid discharging hole 64 respectively so as to be convenient for collecting the biomass oil, in addition, one ends of the first liquid discharging pipe 67 and the second liquid discharging pipe 87, which are far away from the axle center of the furnace body 1, penetrate through the furnace body 1 and extend to the outside of the furnace body 1, and are fixedly connected with the collecting pipes 13 together, the control valves 14 are arranged at the positions, below the plurality of first liquid discharging pipes 67 and the second liquid discharging pipes 87, of the lower part of the outer surface of the collecting pipes 13, and the generated biomass oil is collected by the collecting pipes 13 and then uniformly discharged, so that the subsequent treatment is convenient.
As above, the carbonization in this embodiment includes four processes of drying, preheating and cracking, solid decomposition and combustion, and therefore, four heating assemblies 10 are provided in this embodiment, further, as shown in fig. 8, each heating assembly 10 includes an air inlet pipe 102 fixedly connected to a side wall of the furnace body 1 and a plurality of annular pipes 103 disposed inside the furnace body 1, one end of the air inlet pipe 102, which is far away from the annular pipes 103, extends to the outside of the furnace body 1 through the side wall of the furnace body 1 and is fixedly provided with an electromagnetic valve 101, air outlet holes are provided at bottoms of the plurality of annular pipes 103, and the plurality of annular pipes 103 are respectively located directly above the plurality of feeding grooves one 62 or the feeding grooves two 82.
In addition, as shown in fig. 9-10, the first stirring assembly 7 includes two first stirring rods 71 that are connected to the central shaft and are symmetrical to each other, and the inclination slopes of the first stirring rods 71 are the same as the inclination slopes of the upper end surfaces of the first carbonization auxiliary disks 6, a plurality of first connecting seats 72 are fixedly mounted on the outer sides of the lower ends of the first stirring rods 71, a first push plate is fixedly mounted on the lower end surfaces of the first connecting seats 72, the bottoms of the plurality of first push plates respectively abut against the bottom walls of the plurality of first feeding grooves 62, a first scraping blade 73 is fixed on one side of the lower ends of the first stirring rods 71, which is close to the central shaft, and the lower end surface of the first scraping blade 73 abuts against the first circular platform; second stirring subassembly 9 includes two and center pin connection and two 91 puddlers of mutual symmetry, and puddler two 91 is the same with the up end slope of second carbonization auxiliary disc 8, puddler two 91 lower extreme inboard fixed mounting has a plurality of connecting seats two 92, the lower extreme fixed mounting of connecting seat two 92 has the second push pedal, a plurality of second push pedals offset with a plurality of second diapalls of walking silo two 82 and circular platform respectively, puddler two 91 lower extreme outside fixed mounting has doctor-bar two 93, doctor-bar two 93 lower extreme offsets with the second 82 diapalls of walking the silo that is located the outside.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the bottom wall of the first stirring rod 71 and the upper end surface of the first tray body 61 are tightly attached to each other, and the bottom wall of the second stirring rod 91 and the upper end surface of the second tray body 81 are tightly attached to each other, so as to ensure that, in the rotating process, straw particles enter the first large feeding groove 62 or the second large feeding groove 82 under the action of the first stirring rod 71 or the second stirring rod 91, and the straw particles on the surface are left on the first tray body 61 or the second tray body 81.
In addition, the first push plate consists of two first material shifting plates 74 with certain gaps, and the second push plate consists of two second material shifting plates 94 with certain gaps, so that the straw particles can be turned in the process of shifting the straw particles, a part of the straw particles can stay in the first material moving groove 62 or the second material moving groove 82, and the stay time of the straw particles in the furnace body 1 is prolonged.
Example two
The embodiment discloses a method for preparing biomass charcoal by adopting the modified biomass charcoal preparation device based on low-temperature pyrolysis, which is characterized by comprising the following specific steps of:
and 4, solid decomposition: the straw particles fall onto the second first carbonization auxiliary disc 6 under the stirring action of the first and second stirring assemblies 9, and the temperature is raised to 300-600 ℃ through the third heating assembly 10 for solid decomposition;
and step 5, burning: the straw particles fall onto the second first carbonization auxiliary disc 6 under the stirring action of the second first stirring component 7, and are reheated by the fourth heating component 10, at the moment, C-H and C-O bonds are further cracked, volatile substances remained in the charcoal are discharged, and the fixed carbon content in the charcoal is improved;
and 6, discharging: and under the stirring action of the second stirring assembly 9, discharging the biomass charcoal subjected to low-temperature carbonization from the discharge pipe 11.
After carbonization, the biomass charcoal can also produce a carbon-based fertilizer, and the biomass charcoal from the carbonization device, a potash fertilizer, a phosphate fertilizer and urea enter a carbon-based fertilizer production device together to produce the carbon-based fertilizer; intermediate products such as pyroligneous liquor from a carbonization device are added into the carbon-based fertilizer as additives;
wherein, fertile device process flow of charcoal base includes:
raw material proportioning → stirring and mixing → crushing and caking → granulation → primary drying → primary cooling → screening → secondary drying → secondary cooling → finished product granule coating → finished product quantitative packaging.
(1) The raw materials are prepared: mixing biomass carbon, potash fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and urea in a certain proportion through a metering system (mainly determined according to local market demands and local soil detection results);
(2) Mixing and stirring: uniformly stirring the prepared raw materials to improve the uniform fertilizer efficiency content of the whole fertilizer particles, and mixing and stirring by adopting a horizontal stirrer or a disc stirrer;
(3) And (3) caking and crushing: crushing the raw materials which are uniformly mixed and stirred into large blocks, and the like, so as to facilitate subsequent granulation processing, and mainly adopting a chain type crusher and the like;
(4) Granulating materials: feeding the uniformly stirred and crushed materials into a granulator through a belt conveyor for granulation (a rotary drum granulator can be used, a double-roller extrusion granulator, a disc granulator and the like can be selected), wherein the step is an essential and most important link in the production process of the carbon-based fertilizer;
(5) Drying primary particles: the granulated particles are sent into a dryer to dry the moisture contained in the particles, so that the strength of the particles is increased, the particles are convenient to store, and a rotary drum dryer is generally used;
(6) Cooling primary particles: the temperature of the fertilizer particles after primary drying is too high, the fertilizer particles are easy to agglomerate, and after cooling, the fertilizer particles are convenient to bag, store and transport, and are cooled by a cooling machine;
(7) Primary screening: primarily screening the semi-finished product of the granules, returning unqualified granules to a mixing and stirring link for reprocessing, and generally using a drum screening machine;
(8) Drying secondary particles: sending the qualified granules subjected to primary screening into a dryer, drying moisture contained in the granules, increasing the strength of the granules, and facilitating storage, wherein a rotary drum dryer is generally used;
(9) Cooling secondary particles: the temperature of the fertilizer particles dried in the second stage is too high, the fertilizer particles are easy to agglomerate, and after cooling, the fertilizer particles are convenient to bag, store and transport, and are cooled by a cooling machine;
(10) Secondary particle screening: grading the cooled particles, crushing the unqualified particles, re-granulating, screening out qualified products, and screening by using a secondary drum screening machine;
(11) Coating the finished granules: coating qualified products with a coating film to increase the brightness and the roundness of particles and make the appearance more beautiful, and generally coating the particles by a coating machine;
(12) And (3) quantitatively packaging finished product particles: the granule of covering the membrane is also finished product granule and is sent into the feed bin through band conveyer and temporarily stored, and automatic quantitative packing envelope such as electron quantitative packing scale, sack closer is connected again, places the department of ventilating and preserves, realizes full automatization.
(13) Tail gas dust removal: and dust and waste gas generated in the processes of crushing, granulating, drying and the like is discharged through a chimney after being dedusted by an outdoor deduster in a workshop to be qualified.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are given by way of illustration of the principles of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such changes and modifications are within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a preparation facilities of modified biomass charcoal based on low temperature schizolysis, includes furnace body (1), its characterized in that: the top of the furnace body (1) is provided with a furnace cover (2), the lower part of the outer surface of the furnace body (1) is provided with three supporting legs (12) in an annular array manner, the outer side of the top of the furnace cover (2) is symmetrically provided with an exhaust pipe (3) and a feeding pipe (4), the middle part of the top end of the furnace body (1) is fixedly provided with a servo motor (5), the inner cavity of the furnace body (1) is provided with two first carbonization auxiliary discs (6) and two second carbonization auxiliary discs (8), the two first carbonization auxiliary discs (6) and the two second carbonization auxiliary discs (8) are sequentially distributed in an up-down staggered manner, the output end of the servo motor (5) extends into the furnace body (1) and is fixedly connected with a central shaft, the outer surface of the central shaft is fixedly provided with two first stirring assemblies (7) and two second stirring assemblies (9), the two first stirring assemblies (7) are respectively arranged above the two first carbonization auxiliary discs (6), the two second stirring assemblies (9) are respectively arranged above the two second carbonization auxiliary discs (8), the middle part of the furnace body (1) is provided with a discharge pipe (11), and the four stirring assemblies (10) are respectively arranged above the furnace body (7);
the first carbonization auxiliary disc (6) comprises a first disc body (61) fixed on the inner wall of the furnace body (1), the upper end surface of the first disc body (61) is arranged to be an inclined surface which is concave from the outer side to the middle part, a plurality of first material walking grooves (62) are arranged on the upper end surface of the first disc body (61) at equal intervals, a first material discharging groove (63) for discharging is arranged between any two adjacent first material walking grooves (62), a horizontal first circular platform is arranged at the center of the middle part of the upper end of the first disc body (61), a first shaft hole (65) for connecting the central shaft is arranged at the center of the first circular platform, and a first material discharging pipe (66) is arranged on the outer side of the circular platform;
second carbonization auxiliary disc (8) is including second disk body (81) that is fixed in furnace body (1) inner wall, second disk body (81) up end sets up to the inclined plane by middle part to the lateral inclination, and the up end equidistance of second disk body (81) has seted up a plurality of silos two (82) of walking, all is equipped with feed chute two (83) that are used for the unloading between two (82) of arbitrary adjacent two silos, the upper end middle part axle center department of second disk body (81) sets up to horizontally circular platform two, and this circular platform two axle centers department is equipped with shaft hole two (85) that are used for connecting above-mentioned center pin, and the feed chute two (82) bottom that is located the outside is equipped with feed chute two (86).
2. The device for preparing the modified biomass charcoal based on the low-temperature pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the bottom of first dish body (61) sets up to smooth convex surface, and is equipped with intermediate layer (68) in first dish body (61), every a plurality of outage one (64) have all been seted up with intermediate layer (68) to the equal annular array of diapire of walking silo one (62), and a plurality of outage one (64) all communicate with each other with intermediate layer one (68), the equal fixed mounting in bottom of first dish body (61) has outage pipe one (67), and outage pipe one (67) and intermediate layer one (68) inner chamber communicate with each other.
3. The device for preparing the modified biomass charcoal based on the low-temperature pyrolysis as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: the bottom of second disk body (81) is established to the cambered surface that the central authorities went to the undercut, and is equipped with intermediate layer two (88) in second disk body (81), every the equal annular array of diapire of walking silo two (82) is equipped with a plurality of outage two (84), and a plurality of outage two (84) all communicate with intermediate layer two (88) each other, the bottom edge of second disk body (81) is equipped with unloading pipe two (86), the bottom edge of second disk body (81) still is equipped with fluid-discharge tube two (87) that communicate each other with intermediate layer two (88) inner chamber.
4. The device for preparing the modified biomass charcoal based on the low-temperature pyrolysis as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: one end of the first liquid discharge pipe (67) and one end of the second liquid discharge pipe (87) far away from the axis of the furnace body (1) penetrate through the furnace body (1) and extend to the outside of the furnace body (1) and are fixedly connected with a collecting pipe (13) together, and a control valve (14) is arranged at the position, below the first liquid discharge pipe (67) and the second liquid discharge pipe (87), of the lower part of the outer surface of the collecting pipe (13).
5. The device for preparing the modified biomass charcoal based on the low-temperature pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the heating assembly (10) comprises an air inlet pipe (102) fixedly connected with the side wall of the furnace body (1) and a plurality of annular pipes (103) arranged inside the furnace body (1), one end, far away from the annular pipes (103), of the air inlet pipe (102) penetrates through the side wall of the furnace body (1) to extend to the outside of the furnace body (1) and is fixedly provided with an electromagnetic valve (101);
a plurality of air outlet holes are formed in the bottoms of the annular pipes (103), and the annular pipes (103) are respectively positioned right above the first material feeding grooves (62) or the second material feeding grooves (82).
6. The device for preparing the modified biomass charcoal based on the low-temperature pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: first stirring subassembly (7) include two puddler one (71) that are connected and mutual symmetry with the center pin, and puddler one (71) is the same with the up end slope of first carbonization auxiliary disc (6), the lower extreme outside fixed mounting of puddler one (71) has a plurality of connecting seats one (72), the lower terminal surface fixed mounting of connecting seat one (72) has first push pedal, first push pedal comprises two kicking plate one (74) that have certain clearance, and a plurality of first push pedal bottoms offset with a plurality of silo of walking respectively (62) diapire, one side that puddler one (71) lower extreme is close to the center pin is fixed with doctor-bar one (73), and doctor-bar one (73) down the terminal surface offsets with circular platform one.
7. The device for preparing the modified biomass charcoal based on the low-temperature pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: second stirring subassembly (9) include two puddler two (91) that are connected and mutual symmetry with the center pin, and puddler two (91) are the same with the up end slope of second carbonization auxiliary disc (8), puddler two (91) lower extreme face inboard fixed mounting has a plurality of connecting seat two (92), the lower extreme face fixed mounting of connecting seat two (92) has the second push pedal, the second push pedal comprises two switch boards two (94) that have certain clearance, and a plurality of second push pedals respectively with a plurality of silo two (82) and the two diapalls of circular platform of walking offset, puddler two (91) lower extreme outside fixed mounting has doctor-bar two (93), doctor-bar two (93) lower extreme offsets with the silo two (82) diapalls of walking that are located the outside.
8. The device for preparing the modified biomass charcoal based on the low-temperature pyrolysis as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the inner cavity middle part lateral wall of inlet pipe (4) is equipped with striker plate (41), the up end of striker plate (41) sets up the inclined plane to the lateral wall slope of furnace body (1), and striker plate (41) are close to the part in the furnace body (1) outside and offer the feed opening that link up from top to bottom.
9. The method for preparing the biomass charcoal by using the modified biomass charcoal preparation device based on low-temperature pyrolysis as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
step 1, preparation of straw particles: straws collected from straw collection sites/stations and the like are granulated to form straw particles, and the formed straw particles are conveyed to a production plant area through roads and the like and then enter a furnace body (1) through a screw conveying system through a feeding pipe (4);
step 2, drying: the straw particles fall onto a first carbonization auxiliary disc (6), and the materials in the reaction kettle are heated to about 150 ℃ by external heat supply through a topmost heating assembly (10) at the moment, so that moisture in the materials is evaporated;
step 3, preheating and cracking: straw particles fall onto a first second carbonization auxiliary disc (8) under the stirring action of a first stirring assembly (7), the heating temperature is increased to 150-300 ℃ through a second heating assembly (10), the chemical composition begins to change, and unstable components (such as hemicellulose) are decomposed into substances such as CO2, CO, a small amount of acetic acid and the like;
and 4, solid decomposition: the straw particles fall onto a second first carbonization auxiliary disc (6) under the stirring action of a first stirring assembly (9) and a second stirring assembly (9), and the temperature is raised to 300-600 ℃ through a third heating assembly (10) for solid decomposition;
and step 5, burning: the straw particles fall onto a second first carbonization auxiliary disc (6) under the stirring action of a second first stirring component (7), and are reheated by a fourth heating component (10), at the moment, C-H and C-O bonds are further cracked, volatile substances remained in the charcoal are discharged, and the fixed carbon content in the charcoal is improved;
and 6, discharging: and under the stirring action of the second stirring assembly (9), the biomass charcoal subjected to low-temperature carbonization is discharged from the discharge pipe (11).
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