CN101134899B - Biomass energy converter - Google Patents
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- CN101134899B CN101134899B CN2006100171547A CN200610017154A CN101134899B CN 101134899 B CN101134899 B CN 101134899B CN 2006100171547 A CN2006100171547 A CN 2006100171547A CN 200610017154 A CN200610017154 A CN 200610017154A CN 101134899 B CN101134899 B CN 101134899B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to crop stalk pyrolyzing and carbonizing treatment apparatus based on pyrolysis technology, and is especially one biomass energy converting furnace, which includes one reactor driving unit, one dome kiln type heating furnace, one rotary reactor, one spiral feeder, one combustible gas recovering and utilizing unit, one dust treating unit, one automatic control and display unit and one spiral discharging unit. Under the control of the automatic control and display unit, the biomass energy converting furnace can complete the jobs from material feeding, producing anddischarging continuously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of application pyrolysis technical know-how, with the equipment that the crop stalk pyrolysis charring is handled, a kind of specifically biomass energy converter.
Background technology
China is energy consumption big country, but the energy reserves amount is less, and energy availability and demand contradiction is inevitable outstanding day by day, and will show serious day.In China, carry out the power supply diversification, expand and solve the energy scarcity multipath, particularly active development utilizes biomass energy, is the inevitable choice of China's energy exploitation and application strategy.According to the planning arrangement of relevant department of the Chinese government, will reach hundred million tons of standard coals of 25-33 to the year two thousand twenty China energy demand total amount; The biomass energy total amount that China develops in energy-source plant will be equivalent to 1.5 hundred million tons of standard coals at least; Wherein 70% biomass will be provided by the energy-source plant of agricultural, forestry.In the energy-source plant resource that above-mentioned planning can develop, crop stalk will be wherein topmost resource composition.
China is crop stalk big producing country.According to the pertinent data introduction, 1.44 hundred million hectares of the existing crop seeding total areas in the whole nation, 2830 kilograms/hectare of various farm crop mean yields; The average ratio of grain to straw of the various crop stalks in the whole nation is 1: 4.82.Calculate in view of the above, the whole nation is annual to produce about 2,000,000,000 tons of various crop stalks; Advocate energetically under the industry policy drive of encouraging the development and use biomass energy in China, crop stalk no longer only is the byproduct or the waste of agriculture production, more should be regarded as important biomass resource, and this resource is seized of crucial position in the national energy strategy, can not waste or abandon.
According to the pertinent data analysis, the existing treated state of China's crop stalk is: about about 2.8 hundred million tons crop stalk can be used for the disposal consumption of aspects such as feed, industrial raw material, fertilizer, domestic fuel; Remaining crop stalk both can't utilize because of producing the locality, and inconvenience is preserved again, the way processing that having to takes to set fire on the spot burns.Burn a large amount of flue gases that crop stalk produces, major polluting atmosphere environment not only, and, particularly air traffic is constituted serious prestige evil to highway, railway.This phenomenon has become the chronic disease that can't administer in a lot of areas of China; Can see the news report of " baked wheaten cake is operated ", " flue gas covers sky " every year.
The application pyrolysis technical know-how that the present invention proposes is main biomass material with crop stalk, transforms to produce solid-fuel technology, belongs to solid biologic mass-energy and transforms professional skill field.China transforms the research and development and the application facet of professional skill field in solid biologic mass-energy, and is the same with gas biomass energy transformation technology, liquid bio mass-energy transformation technology, because government payes attention to, and support on policy, enterprise is positive, and effect is remarkable equally.Now, existing a lot of solid biologic mass-energy transformation technology achievements have obtained national patent, also have some solid biologic mass-energy products to form certain industrial scale, and solid biologic mass-energy produce market prestige and range of application also get the nod substantially.But after conscientiously analyzing, can recognize: more or less all there is the deficiency of connatural scarcely technology or economic aspect in China's existing solid biologic mass-energy transformation technology.
Relatively differentiate for convenience, look into newly,, will belong to a professional skill field and disclosed various solid biologic mass-energy transformation technology achievement together, tentatively be generalized into three classes with the present invention by existing cognitive ability and level by daily research accumulation and retrieval.Existing profiling is described below:
1., be the solid biologic mass-energy charring process of representative with " machine-made charcoal technology and suite of equipment ", announce at most in China's technological achievement, apply also general.Because the know-why that this class technological achievement is used is identical, the technology implementation mode is similar, though because of acquisition of technology achievement or manufacturing enterprise's difference, suite of equipment configuration or specifications and models are slightly had any different, and the core technology content does not have fundamental difference.The basic fundamental embodiment of this class solid biologic mass-energy charring process is: with plant straw, forest branches and leaves, wood chip, farm crop fruit skin nucleocapsid etc. is biomass material, earlier biomass material is processed into particulate state with the mechanical disintegration mode; By engineering means such as heating, extruding, oven dry, typings, the particulate biomass raw material is made the biomass firewood rod of different shaped shape again; Then, the gap requirement in accordance with regulations of biomass firewood rod, pile up and in carbonizing kiln (stove), heat the charing processing; Finally make machine-made charcoal, substitute carbo lignius and use.Prove through serious analysis, the main deficiency that this class solid biologic mass-energy charring process exists is: the function decision of carbonizing kiln (stove), can only disposablely finish charging or discharging respectively, take the mode of operation production of taking turns of single stove, and kiln (stove) chamber volume can not be excessive; Therefore, project scale is less, and throughput is lower, be difficult to adapt to large-scale industrial production and uses, and can only select for use for small-sized charcoal manufacturing enterprise.In addition, machine-made charcoal mainly substitutes carbo lignius and uses, and the end-use scope is little, and the market competitiveness is not high, and the market development space is limited, and it is bigger to apply difficulty on a large scale.And, the existing equal non-secondary pollution means of prevention of announcing of technological achievement.
2., be the solid biologic mass-energy charring process of representative with " twin furnace cavate biomass energy charring furnace ", use also commonplace in China; Owing on this basis a lot of improvement are arranged again, amelioration product is more, and the technological achievement of announcement or patented technology are also corresponding more.But through conscientiously researching and analysing, in numerous amelioration products, the modification improvement all is to concentrate on to use high temperature gasifying method, and the mode of production and the device structure that biomass material are changed into inflammable gas are formal.Although multi-form high temperature pyrolysis combustible gas generating units such as existing now double furnace chambers structure, updraft type structure, dry distillation type structure, tunnel structure come out, the core technology content does not have fundamental difference.The basic fundamental embodiment of this class solid biologic mass-energy charring process is: with crop stalk, wood chip etc. is biomass material, after earlier biomass material being processed into short and small broken section with the mechanical disintegration mode, be respectively charged into high-temperature gasification furnace chamber (or claiming high temperature pyrolysis combustible gas generating unit) and pyrolysis charring furnace chamber; Light broken section of the interior biomass material of high-temperature gasification furnace chamber then, make it carry out the high temperature pyrolysis and gasification reaction, change into inflammable gas; Again the inflammable gas that has produced is introduced the pyrolysis charring furnace chamber, utilize the gas fuel burning heating that has produced, broken section of the biomass material in the pyrolysis charring pyrolysis charring furnace chamber makes it change into biomass carbonated thing; The biomass carbonated thing that will produce is at last discharged from discharge gate, stirs with other additives mixed, makes solid biomass fuel and use after extrusion molding.Prove through serious analysis, the main deficiency that this class solid biologic mass-energy charring process exists is: the part biological raw material is arranged behind high temperature pyrolysis and gasification, most of carbon atom has been converted to that structure in the inflammable gas molecule is burned to be fallen, biomass material has become plant ash, loses the combustion heating function substantially; Therefore, make to certainly exist the ash content composition in the biomass carbonated produce product of final formation and increase greatly, the lower problem of low quality of calorific value occurs.In addition, because the restriction of double furnace chambers structure formation, the furnace chamber capacity of design can not be very big; For the energy balance coupling, must disposablely finish charging or discharging respectively, take the mode of operation production of taking turns of single stove, must cause project scale less, throughput is lower, can not adapt to large-scale industrial production and use, can only select for use for medium and small sized enterprises, economic scale and economic benefit all will be restricted.And, the existing synchronous means of prevention of announcing of the equal non-secondary pollution of technological achievement.
3., with " biomass granule fuel forming technique " be representative biomass energy directly burning utilize technology, because of this technology scientific and technological content is not high, complexity is lower, lectotype selection is easy, and the comparison widespread use is also arranged at home.This class solid biologic mass-energy directly burning utilizes the basic fundamental embodiment of technology to be: with crop stalk is main biomass material, earlier be processed into biomass material short and small broken section with the mechanical disintegration mode, after combustion-supporting additives such as a considerable amount of fine coal powders, chemical ignition dope, binding agent are advanced in blending by a certain percentage then, again through mechanical means mix, after the compactness machine-shaping such as stirring, extruding, directly apply to combustion heating, substitute raw coal.This class solid biologic mass-energy directly burning main deficiency of utilizing technology to exist is: the product calorific value is low, must mix use with the high raw material of other calorific values such as raw coal, combustion gas; And biomass resource trans-utilization rate is not high, and wastage is big, can only produce for the specific needs user is directed, and the market competitiveness is not strong.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is shortcoming and defect at the prior art existence, a kind of application pyrolysis technical know-how is provided, the plant straw is changed into the solid carbide that has than higher calorific value, realize continuous dosing or discharging, continuous production operation, improve throughput, satisfy the biomass energy converter of large-scale industrial production needs.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this, this converter comprises the reactor drive unit, dome kiln formula process furnace, continuous rotating reactor, screw feeding device, the inflammable gas recycle device, the flue dust disposal plant, automatically handle the control display unit, spiral discharge device, have the reactor drive unit on the described continuous rotating reactor, and by fixing by the reactor supported, continuous rotating reactor passes dome kiln formula process furnace with the 12 ° of angles that tilt, its stage casing is arranged in the combustion chamber, feed inlet end at continuous rotating reactor is provided with screw feeding device, discharge port end is provided with spiral discharge device, inflammable gas recycle device and flue dust disposal plant are arranged on the dome kiln formula process furnace, automatically handle above-mentioned each parts of control display unit converter, finish the manipulation regulating and controlling instruction of setting, finish displayed record and typewriting function simultaneously.
Described dome kiln formula process furnace is designed to common dome kiln formula structure formation, adopts the raw coal combustion type of heating, and continuous rotating reactor is taked 12 ° of angles to run through by the combustion chamber mode of dome kiln formula process furnace to install wherein; In the bottom of dome kiln formula process furnace, design has the Liftable type fire grate, has and the joining blast inlet of supporting ventilator, slag notch; On the top of process furnace, design has smoke outlet, links with the flue dust disposal system; In the combustion chamber of dome kiln formula process furnace, design has the inflammable gas nozzle, connects with the inflammable gas recycle device; The shell of dome kiln formula process furnace is welded into the liner flame-proof thermal insulation material by general steel plate.
Described continuous rotating reactor is designed to all full round shape that we opens in two ends, on the synchronous rotation type reactor wall design and installation the interrupted shape screw-blade of different angles; The feed end and the screw feeding device of continuous rotating reactor link, and seal oxygen barrier by the hopper that is sealed into of being with gas locking device; The discharge end and the spiral discharge device of continuous rotating reactor link, by the sealed discharging bucket sealing oxygen barrier of band gas locking device.
The feed end of described screw feeding device and continuous rotating reactor links; In ingress the hopper that is sealed into that the band gas locking device has been installed is set, has venting port and inflammable gas recycle device to link in upper design; In screw feeding device, also design and installation the spiral pusher.
The unidirectional inlet mouth that described inflammable gas recycle device is provided with the band reverse checkvalve links with the venting port that is located on the screw feeding device, be provided with the inflammable gas discharge outlet and link, be provided with condensate drain outlet and auxiliary facility circulation water reservoir links with the inflammable gas nozzle that is located in the dome kiln formula process furnace combustion chamber.
Described automatic manipulation control indicating system is matched the system component of being made up of computer, HMI software, programmable controller, frequency transformer of domestic existing mature technology, the all working parts of connection converter and corresponding indicating meter, transmitter, reactor, finish the manipulation regulating and controlling instruction of setting, finish displayed record and typewriting function simultaneously.
The discharge end of described spiral discharge device and rotary reactor links; In the design and installation of discharge port place the band gas locking device the sealed discharging bucket; In spiral discharge device also design and installation the spiral pusher.
The present invention has following positively effect:
1. the present invention uses the pyrolysis technical know-how, by taking to adapt to original creation technical scheme and proprietary nucleus equipment---the straw carbonization biomass energy converter of large-scale industrial production requirement, the plant straw is changed into the solid carbide that has than higher calorific value, this solid carbide has the combustiblematerials than lower heating value to mix mutually with the colliery powder that adds, brown coal powder inferior, chemical combustion-supporting volatilizer etc., just can produce into living mass-energy solid fuel, substituting raw coal and use, is a scientific and technological achievement with novelty, creativeness and practicality.Adopting this scientific and technological achievement, biomass resource is changed into the biomass energy solid fuel, is the frontier that realizes the utilization of biomass resource deep development, is the new way that solves energy scarcity, quickening agro based economic development, increases peasant income; And the present invention realizes after the commercialization, and whole investment amount is little, and product application is in extensive range, and the operation cost expense is not high, and economic benefit is higher, and social benefit is good, has marketing and uses the model exemplary role, and development prospect is very extensive.
2. the present invention has adopted the technical scheme of original creation and proprietary core technology equipment---the straw carbonization biomass energy converter of independent research design, solve solid biologic mass-energy transformation technology targetedly and can make full use of biomass resource, improve biomass energy trans-utilization rate, increase solid biologic mass-energy product calorific value, enlarge solid biologic mass-energy product market range of application, improve great techno-economic questions such as the market competitiveness; Simultaneously, also solved solid biologic mass-energy transformation technology targetedly and can carry out uninterrupted continuous dosing, uninterrupted continuous pyrolysis charing is handled, uninterrupted discharging continuously, realizes the key difficult problem of continuous production operation.This is to the new breakthrough of prior art level and specific equipment structure formation in China's solid biologic mass-energy conversion professional skill field, has reached new high degree.Compare with solid biologic mass-energy transformation technologies such as " machine-made charcoal technology and suite of equipment ", " the twin furnace cavate biomass energy charring furnace " of domestic existing commonplace application, " biomass granule fuel forming techniques ", at aspects such as technical advance, perfect in shape and function, investment risk, secondary pollution improvement synchronously, particularly in the product adaptation scope, all there is obvious advantages aspects such as the market competitiveness, operation economic benefit, the requirement of adaptation large-scale industrial production.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a biomass energy converter one-piece construction synoptic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a pyrolysis charring processing reaction condition operating parameter graphic representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
The know-why that the present invention uses is the pyrolytic technique theory, and pyrolysis just is meant the technical process that organic substance is carried out thermal degradation under anoxybiotic or approximate anoxic condition.Pyrolysis is one of primitive reaction principle in the chemical science field, is used widely already in the applied science field.
The present invention is main raw material with the crop stalk; Crop stalk is the natural biological organic substance.In the molecular structure of organic substance, carbon is its main composition composition.The organic substance characteristics of molecular structure is: in anoxybiotic or approximate anoxybiotic environment, under the heat effect, can make the chemical reactions such as molecular structure generation scission of link, isomerization of organic substance, also can produce cracking again, polymerization, hydrogenation isostructuralism and change; The most at last because of reaction conditions differences such as Heating temperature, temperature rise rates, change into gaseous state, liquid state, multi-form different novel substances such as solid-state respectively.
By above-mentioned analysis understanding to the pyrolytic technique theory, can draw as drawing a conclusion: the present invention is according to the basic characteristics of organic substance molecular structure, use the pyrolysis technical know-how, to biomass material---crop stalk carries out in the pyrolytic technique treating processes, by using advanced appropriate engineering means, make the pyrolysis environment that forms the anoxic indirect heating, and can accurately select and the strict pyrolytic reaction conditions such as Heating temperature, temperature rise rate, soaking time of controlling, just can make crop stalk all change into the biomass carbonated thing of solid form basically.
Shown in accompanying drawing 1, this converter comprises reactor drive unit (1), dome kiln formula process furnace (3), continuous rotating reactor (4), screw feeding device (8), inflammable gas recycle device (12), flue dust disposal plant (14), automatically handle control display unit (16), spiral discharge device (17), have reactor drive unit (1) on the described continuous rotating reactor (4), and by supporting (6) support fixation by reactor, continuous rotating reactor (4) passes dome kiln formula process furnace (3) with the 12 ° of angles that tilt, its stage casing is arranged in the combustion chamber (22), feed inlet end at continuous rotating reactor (4) is provided with screw feeding device (8), discharge port end is provided with spiral discharge device (17), inflammable gas recycle device (12) and flue dust disposal plant (14) are arranged on the dome kiln formula process furnace (3), automatically handle above-mentioned each parts of control display unit (16) converter, finish the manipulation regulating and controlling instruction of setting, finish displayed record and typewriting function simultaneously.
Described dome kiln formula process furnace (3) is designed to common dome kiln formula structure formation, adopts the raw coal combustion type of heating, and continuous rotating reactor (4) is taked 12 ° of angles to run through by combustion chamber 22 modes of dome kiln formula process furnace (3) to install wherein; In the bottom of dome kiln formula process furnace (3), design has Liftable type fire grate (5), has and the joining blast inlet of supporting ventilator (20), slag notch (21); On the top of process furnace, design has smoke outlet (15), links with flue dust disposal system (14); In the combustion chamber (22) of dome kiln formula process furnace (3), design has inflammable gas nozzle (13), connects with inflammable gas recycle device (12); The shell of dome kiln formula process furnace (3) is welded into by general steel plate, the liner flame-proof thermal insulation material.
Described continuous rotating reactor (4) is designed to all full round shape that we opens in two ends, on continuous rotating reactor (4) inwall design and installation the interrupted shape screw-blade (2) of different angles; The feed end of continuous rotating reactor (4) and screw feeding device (8) link, and seal oxygen barrier by the hopper (9) that is sealed into of being with gas locking device; The discharge end of continuous rotating reactor (4) and spiral discharge device (17) link, by sealed discharging bucket (18) the sealing oxygen barrier of band gas locking device.
Described screw feeding device (8) links with the feed end of continuous rotating reactor (4); Ingress be provided with the band gas locking device has been installed be sealed into hopper (9), have venting port (11) and inflammable gas recycle device (12) to link in upper design; In screw feeding device (8), gone back design and installation spiral pusher (7).
The unidirectional inlet mouth that described inflammable gas recycle device (12) is provided with the band reverse checkvalve links with the venting port (11) that is located on the screw feeding device (8), be provided with the inflammable gas discharge outlet and link, be provided with condensate drain outlet (10) and link with auxiliary facility circulation water reservoir with the inflammable gas nozzle (13) that is located in dome kiln formula process furnace (3) combustion chamber.
The system component of forming by computer, HMI software, programmable controller, frequency transformer etc. of the domestic existing mature technology of described automatic manipulation control indicating system (16) apolegamy, the all working parts of connection converter and corresponding indicating meter, transmitter, reactor etc., finish the manipulation regulating and controlling instruction of setting, finish displayed record and typewriting function simultaneously.
Described spiral discharge device (17) links with the discharge end of rotary reactor (4); In the design and installation of discharge port place the band gas locking device sealed discharging bucket (18); In spiral discharge device (17), gone back design and installation spiral pusher (19).
The principle of work and the working process of equipment are as follows:
1., with the crop stalk collected with machinery or manual method, throw in the feeding hopper of particle size pulverizer, be ground into short and small broken bar by the chopping blade of high speed rotating; Broken bar maximum length≤60mm, the short and small broken bar of pulverized farm crop, by the discharge gate of particle size pulverizer, directly be discharged on the belt conveyer after; Directly send to by belt conveyer in the screw feeding device (8) of straw carbonization biomass energy converter.
2., send the short and small broken bar of farm crop in the screw feeding device (8) to through belt conveyer, all pyrolysis charring technical finesse process is all finished by closed operation in the straw carbonization biomass energy converter, be converted to the solid biomass carbide at last, directly enter on the screw conveyer from the discharge gate of spiral discharge device, send in the carbide bin temporary through screw conveyer.
The straw carbonization biomass energy converter as shown in Figure 1, be according to the pyrolytic technique theory, by the functional structure design of original creation, possess the analgesic running environment of anoxic indirect heating, can realize effective adjusting control to pyrolytic reaction conditions such as Heating temperature, temperature rise rate, soaking times; Solve insulation and thermal conduction, generation steam and inflammable gas secondary pollution effectively and administered, adapted to crucial difficult problems such as extensive uninterrupted continuous industry production requirement synchronously; The short and small broken bar of farm crop is sealed in biomass energy converter finish after whole pyrolysis charring technical finesse processes, can change into the solid biomass carbide that has than higher calorific value.
Described straw carbonization biomass energy converter possesses the pyrolysis running environment of anoxic indirect heating, be to have taked continuous rotating reactor (4) is designed to all full round shape that we opens in two ends, two ends link with screw feeding device (8), spiral discharge device (17) respectively, and carry out oxygen barrier and seal by be sealed into hopper (9) and the sealed discharging bucket (18) of band gas locking device respectively; Also taked simultaneously continuous rotating reactor (4) the 12 ° of angles that tilt, to run through in the combustion chamber that pass-through mode is installed in dome type process furnace (3); In addition, also taked dome kiln formula process furnace (3), heated running through by the continuous rotating reactor in the combustion chamber (4) shell with raw coal combustion and the combustion-supporting mode of inflammable gas.Take this structure operation scheme, can make the short and small broken bar of farm crop that is contained in the reactor, when accepting the pyrolysis charring technical finesse, not only obtained the indirect heating processing, and make the reactor outside contain the oxygen air, owing to be sealed into the sealing oxygen barrier effect of hopper (9) and sealed discharging bucket (18), can not enter the reactor confidential reference items and add the pyrolysis reaction.This structure operation scheme just makes biomass energy converter possess the pyrolysis running environment of the theoretical anoxic indirect heating that requires of pyrolytic technique.
Described biomass energy converter is realized the effective adjusting control to pyrolytic reaction conditions such as Heating temperature, temperature rise rate, soaking times, is to have taked following method (as shown in Figure 2):
The one, according to the pyrolytic technique gross data, in conjunction with a large amount of test-results, behind the science matching optimization, the concrete operating parameter numerical value and the every numerical value that have accurately designed Heating temperature, temperature rise rate, soaking time allow rangeability:
Heating temperature:
Heating temperature is the reaction conditions to organic substance pyrolytic reaction process influence maximum.The variation of Heating temperature not only will directly influence the pyrolytic reaction process, and then also will directly influence the quantum of output and the component proportions of various form pyrolysis products.
Under the constant prerequisite of other reaction conditionss, Heating temperature is in lower temperature range, and organic substance can dewater fully, molecule or small molecules during macromole can be finished substantially and be cracked into, and can demethylation; Pyrolysis product occurs with solid-state form basically; Liquid form and gaseous form ratio are seldom.Along with the continuation rising of Heating temperature, except that macromole, middle molecule continue the cracking, second pyrolysis also will take place in the intermediate product of many pyrolytic reactions; And along with the continuation of Heating temperature raises, also chemical reactions such as dehydrogenation, polymerization, hydrogenation will take place.In each interval of Heating temperature that continue to raise, the pyrolysis product of organic substance, the increase that will be directly proportional of gaseous form output ratio, and the minimizing that will be directly proportional of solid-state form, liquid form output ratio.Curve shown in " pyrolysis product and Heating temperature graph of a relation ", the Heating temperature just of reflection is to the influence degree of the pyrolysis product ratio of various forms.
First section of heating: design is since normal temperature in season (getting 20 ℃), and maximum heating temperature reaches 380 ℃; Allow rangeability ± 15 ℃.
Second section of heating:, keep being stabilized on this temperature line have the long period constant from 380 ℃ of the top temperatures (± 15 ℃) that last warm area reaches.The temperature design of equilibrium temperature line is 380 ℃; Allow rangeability ± 10 ℃.
The 3rd section of heating: design keeps stablizing 380 ℃ of constant top temperatures (± 10 ℃) from last warm area, with artificial cooling or naturally cooling mode, cools to below 180 ℃ and comes out of the stove.
Temperature rise rate:
Temperature rise rate also is the reaction conditions that the organic substance pyrolytic reaction is had considerable influence: the yield ratio that can directly influence various form pyrolysis products.
Under the constant prerequisite of other reaction conditionss, solid-state, the liquid state that forms after the organic substance pyrolysis and three kinds of different shape pyrolysis products of gaseous state ratio are directly proportional with temperature rise rate in proper order.Temperature rise rate is fast more, and the gaseous product ratio that forms after the pyrolysis is high more, and the liquid product ratio is taken second place, and the solid product ratio is minimum.Otherwise temperature rise rate is slow more, and the solid product ratio that forms after the pyrolysis is high more, and the liquid product ratio is taken second place, and the gaseous product ratio is minimum.
Only design one between heating zone.Promptly,, slowly Heating temperature is risen to 380 ℃ of maximum heating temperatures (± 15 ℃) with 60 fens clock times since normal temperature in season (setting 20 ℃); Temperature rise rate is designed to 6 ℃/min, allows rangeability ± 0.5 ℃/min.
Soaking time:
Though soaking time can not influence the yield ratio of the pyrolysis product of various forms, can directly influence the quality product of various pyrolysis products.
Under prerequisite constant under other reaction conditionss, soaking time is long more, and the pyrolytic reaction that organic substance carries out is just abundant more, and the effective transformation efficiency of pyrolysis product is just high more, and the pyrolysis product quality product of acquisition is just good more.But soaking time is long more, and in the unit pyrolysis time, the organic substance quantity of energy pyrolysis processing is also few more, the also corresponding minimizing of the output quantity of pyrolysis product.Vice versa.
The temperature line of insulation, design is stablized on the temperature of constant Heating temperature the highest 380 ℃ (± 10 ℃) in Heating temperature; Soaking time design 40 minutes; Allow rangeability ± 3 minute.
The 2nd, by automatic manipulation control indicating system (16), unified handle to regulate can drive start-stop and the rotating speed that rotary reactor (4) is carried out the reactor drive unit (1) that slow intermittent type rotates, with regulate heated time length, gait of march speed that control is contained in the short and small broken bar of farm crop of accepting the pyrolysis charring technical finesse in the reactor, stir number of times what etc. operating parameter; Also to unify handle to regulate the ventilator air quantity that can change dome kiln formula process furnace (3) combustion chamber heating temp and Liftable type fire grate (5) simultaneously apart from continuous rotating reactor (4) distance, to regulate operating parameters such as heating temperature height that control is contained in the short and small broken bar of farm crop of accepting the pyrolysis charring technical finesse in the reactor, heated time length; Simultaneously, by automatic manipulation control indicating system (16), all functions operation part of unified instruction biomass energy converter all carries out true(-)running by the self-adjusting operating parameter of system, to realize the effective adjusting control to the pyrolytic reaction condition.
Described straw carbonization biomass energy converter has solved an insulation and the crucial difficult problem of thermal conduction effectively, is to have taked process furnace (3) is designed to dome kiln formula structure formation; Oven enclosure is welded into general steel plate, at inner steel lining the flame-proof thermal insulation material of high-tech content is arranged, and forms the effective thermal insulation layer of dome shape; This functional structure can usable reflection heat energy, can effectively stop heat energy to conduct outside stove again, can realize effective insulation of biomass energy converter, improves effective utilization rate of thermal energy.Simultaneously, also taked on the inwall of continuous rotating reactor (4) design and installation screw-blade (2), be arranged on the start-stop and the rotating speed of the outside drive unit (1) of continuous rotating reactor (4) by adjusting, continuous rotating reactor (4) be can drive and speed or intermittent type rotation carried out, can make the short and small broken bar of the farm crop that are contained in the reactor, under the promotion dual function of the rotation of reactor (4) and flight, can not only constantly stir voluntarily, and can also constantly carry out rolling movement to reactor discharge port direction.This structure operation scheme, it is extremely low to solve the short and small broken bar of farm crop self heat conductivility effectively, and inconvenience is provided with the thermal conduction difficult problem in heat conduction gap by additive method again.
Described biomass energy converter has solved steam effectively and a crucial difficult problem is administered in the inflammable gas secondary pollution synchronously, be in that short and small broken bar carries out in the pyrolysis charring technical finesse process to farm crop, can not only produce a large amount of steams, also can produce some inflammable gass, in inflammable gas, very easily contain toxic and harmfuls such as Dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorine; According to relevant regulations, the Development and design production facility must have synchronous prophylactico-therapeutic measures.For this reason, 12 ° of angles of continuous rotating reactor (4) inclination of having taked the short and small broken bar of farm crop will be housed are installed, and steam and inflammable gas that pyrolysis is produced can be to the opening for feed direction drifts of top, angle of inclination; Simultaneously, taking has venting port (11) in screw feeding device (8) upper design, and the unidirectional inlet mouth of band reverse checkvalve on venting port (11) and the inflammable gas recycle device (12) links; Make by venting port (11) and enter steam in the inflammable gas recycle device (12), can change into water of condensation through behind the separating and condensing, logical again condensate drain outlet (10) enters in the auxiliary facility circulation water reservoir; Make by venting port (11) and enter inflammable gas in the inflammable gas recycle device (12), after separating cohesion, the combustion chamber by inflammable gas nozzle (13) backspace dome kiln formula process furnace (3) helps fired coal combustion again.The temperature of process furnace combustion chamber is generally all more than 900 ℃; Under this temperature, toxic and harmfuls such as Dioxins, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, chlorine can both obtain greatly decomposing and destroy, and can not produce secondary pollution to environment again; The flue dust of generation in dome kiln formula process furnace (3) combustion chamber is discharged by process furnace smoke outlet (15), enters in the dust treatment system (14), and then through after the processing such as dedusting, purification, aerial by the straight persistent height that is discharged into of the chimney of specified altitude.This functional structure mode can solve secondary pollution effectively and prevent and treat problem synchronously.
Described biomass energy converter has solved a crucial difficult problem that adapts to extensive uninterrupted continuous industry production effectively, be to have taked continuous rotating reactor (4) is designed to all full round shape that we opens in two ends and the 12 ° of angles installations of tilting, the feed end of reactor and screw feeding device (8) link, and the discharge end of reactor and spiral discharge device (17) link; On the inwall of continuous rotating reactor (4), design and installation screw-blade (2), in screw feeding device (8) design and installation spiral pusher (7), in spiral discharge device (17) design and installation spiral pusher operation function parts such as (19).When carrying out production operation, moving by the not stall of spiral pusher (7) of motor drives feeding unit, just can be pushed to the short and small broken bar of farm crop in the continuous rotating reactor (4) from feeding unit (8) incessantly; Drive continuous rotating reactor (4) by continuous rotating reactor drive unit (1) and carry out slow intermittent type rotation, the short and small broken bar of farm crop is in accepting pyrolysis charring technical finesse process, promote under the dual function in the gravity guiding at angle of inclination and the rotation of screw-blade (2), finish change into the solid biomass carbide in, uninterruptedly move slowly, and be pushed to incessantly in the spiral discharge device (17) to the discharge port direction of continuous rotating reactor (4); Moving by the not stall of spiral pusher (19) of motor drives drawing mechanism, just can be the solid biomass carbide of finishing conversion, continually discharge from spiral discharge device (17) discharge port.This functional structure is arranged, just can make biomass energy converter realize uninterruptedly feeding intake, and uninterruptedly carries out the pyrolysis charring technical finesse, uninterrupted discharging, thus solved a crucial difficult problem that adapts to extensive uninterrupted continuous industry production effectively.
By screw conveyer, will directly send in the carbide bin through finishing the solid biomass carbide of conversion after the pyrolysis charring technical finesse.
3., mix stir process
With making various additives such as the required colliery powder of biomass energy solid fuel, brown coal powder inferior, chemical ignition dope, by machinery or manual method, send to respectively in the additive bin separately between storage in.
Measure all required formation group material of manufacturing biomass energy solid fuel respectively with " oxygen bomb calorimetric instrument ", comprising: solid biomass carbide, colliery powder, brown coal powder inferior, chemical ignition dope etc. are the calorific value real data of unit weight separately; And then according to different production industry users such as generating, heat supply, brickmaking, cement, to different requirements such as the solid-fuelled minimum calorific value of required biomass energy, combustioncharacteristicss, with " ratio summation " method, need data with the calorific value that exceeds required minimum calorific value 10%, what calculate all formation group material of the needed biomass energy solid fuel of all types of user respectively should allocate proportioning weight into, final definite solid-fuelled production formula of biomass energy of manufacturing.
By the automatic weighing apparatus of electronics, the production formula proportion by determining carries out Weighing to all formation group material respectively.
By screw conveyer, will all directly send in the mixing and blending machine through all formation group material of Weighing.
Pass through mixing and blending machine, in all formation group material of biomass energy solid fuel, after adding media such as an amount of solidifying agent, water again, carrying out compositions such as abundant blending, stirring mixes, produce the ooze shape blank that becomes to be suitable for extrusion molding at last, and directly deliver on the conveying workbench of hydraulic forming machine.
4., extrusion molding is handled
Will be through after mixing stir process, the ooze shape blank of making that is suitable for extrusion molding is directly delivered on the conveying workbench of hydraulic forming machine.
According to different production industry users such as generating, heat supply, brickmaking, cement, to the different requirements of biomass energy solid fuel size, shape, manufacture and design forming mould respectively separately with extruding, moulding, typing function, be installed on the hydraulic forming machine.
Logical hydraulic forming machine will be suitable for the biomass energy solid fuel ooze shape blank of extrusion molding, extrusion molding, and gain in strength by the typing means.
By the conveying workbench of hydraulic forming machine, with the biomass energy solid fuel that has suitable intensity and finalized the design, directly deliver on the suitable transportation means, send the finished product warehouse then to, dry in the shade to deposit and treat pin.
Claims (7)
1. biomass energy converter, it is characterized in that: this converter comprises reactor drive unit (1), dome kiln formula process furnace (3), continuous rotating reactor (4), screw feeding device (8), inflammable gas recycle device (12), flue dust disposal plant (14), automatically handle control display unit (16), spiral discharge device (17), have reactor drive unit (1) on the described continuous rotating reactor (4), and by supporting (6) support fixation by reactor, continuous rotating reactor (4) passes dome kiln formula process furnace (3) with the 12 ° of angles that tilt, its stage casing is arranged in the combustion chamber (22), feed inlet end at continuous rotating reactor (4) is provided with screw feeding device (8), discharge port end is provided with spiral discharge device (17), inflammable gas recycle device (12) and flue dust disposal plant (14) are arranged on the dome kiln formula process furnace (3), automatically handle above-mentioned each parts that control display unit (16) connects converter, finish the manipulation regulating and controlling instruction of setting, finish displayed record and typewriting function simultaneously.
2. a kind of biomass energy converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described dome kiln formula process furnace (3) is designed to common dome kiln formula structure formation, adopt the raw coal combustion type of heating, continuous rotating reactor (4) is taked 12 ° of angles to run through by combustion chamber (22) mode of dome kiln formula process furnace (3) to install wherein; In the bottom of dome kiln formula process furnace (3), design has Liftable type fire grate (5), has and the joining blast inlet of supporting ventilator (20), slag notch (21); On the top of process furnace, design has smoke outlet (15), links with flue dust disposal system (14); In the combustion chamber (22) of dome kiln formula process furnace (3), design has inflammable gas nozzle (13), connects with inflammable gas recycle device (12); The shell of dome kiln formula process furnace (3) is welded into by general steel plate, the liner flame-proof thermal insulation material.
3. a kind of biomass energy converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described continuous rotating reactor (4) is designed to all full round shape that we opens in two ends, on continuous rotating reactor (4) inwall design and installation the interrupted shape screw-blade (2) of different angles; The feed end of continuous rotating reactor (4) and screw feeding device (8) link, and seal oxygen barrier by the hopper (9) that is sealed into of being with gas locking device; The discharge end of continuous rotating reactor (4) and spiral discharge device (17) link, by sealed discharging bucket (18) the sealing oxygen barrier of band gas locking device.
4. a kind of biomass energy converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described screw feeding device (8) links with the feed end of continuous rotating reactor (4); Ingress be provided with the band gas locking device has been installed be sealed into hopper (9), have venting port (11) and inflammable gas recycle device (12) to link in upper design; In screw feeding device (8), gone back design and installation spiral pusher (7).
5. a kind of biomass energy converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the unidirectional inlet mouth that described inflammable gas recycle device (12) is provided with the band reverse checkvalve links with the venting port (11) that is located on the screw feeding device (8), be provided with the inflammable gas discharge outlet and link, be provided with condensate drain outlet (10) and link with auxiliary facility circulation water reservoir with the inflammable gas nozzle (13) that is located in dome kiln formula process furnace (3) combustion chamber.
6. a kind of biomass energy converter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the system component of forming by computer, HMI software, programmable controller, frequency transformer of the domestic existing mature technology of described automatic manipulation control indicating system (16) apolegamy, the all working parts of connection converter and corresponding indicating meter, transmitter, reactor, finish the manipulation regulating and controlling instruction of setting, finish displayed record and typewriting function simultaneously.
7. a kind of biomass energy converter according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described spiral discharge device (17) links with the discharge end of rotary reactor (4); In the design and installation of discharge port place the band gas locking device sealed discharging bucket (18); In spiral discharge device (17), gone back design and installation spiral pusher (19).
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| CN2006100171547A CN101134899B (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2006-08-28 | Biomass energy converter |
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| CN2006100171547A CN101134899B (en) | 2006-08-28 | 2006-08-28 | Biomass energy converter |
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| CN101134899B true CN101134899B (en) | 2010-10-06 |
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| BRPI1012184A2 (en) | 2009-05-14 | 2016-04-05 | Chaotech Pty Ltd | pyrolytic conversion set for biomass processing and method for pyrolytic biomass processing |
| WO2010142136A1 (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2010-12-16 | Zhang Dawei | Preparation method and device for organic soil conditioner |
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| CN109028079B (en) * | 2018-07-11 | 2020-04-17 | 清华大学 | System for pyrolysis and gasification of biomass waste and cascade utilization of waste heat thereof |
| CN109631048B (en) * | 2018-12-26 | 2019-12-24 | 福建省凯圣生物质发电有限公司 | Biomass energy recovery method |
| CN112745864A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-04 | 重庆市雨雾生物科技有限公司 | Hydrocarbon organic matter energy converter |
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| CN2354959Y (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 1999-12-22 | 东南大学 | Furnace for heating plant stalks to produce gas with moderate calorific value |
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| CN2354959Y (en) * | 1998-07-09 | 1999-12-22 | 东南大学 | Furnace for heating plant stalks to produce gas with moderate calorific value |
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