CN115195221B - 一种光热自泵浦织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光热自泵浦织物及其制备方法。所述光热自泵浦织物，包括光热织物以及覆于光热织物一侧的疏水静电纺膜，所述光热织物包括织物基底以及均匀附着在织物基底表面的光热材料，由于该光热自泵浦织物具有不对称浸润性，可以实现汗液从靠近皮肤疏水一侧单向传输到接触环境的亲水一侧，同时光热材料的光热效应可以快速蒸发聚集在亲水一侧的汗液，从而使人体皮肤保持干燥，在寒冷环境下还可以实现主动对人体加热，提高了人体在不同环境下的穿着舒适度。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及智能织物制备领域，具体涉及一种光热自泵浦织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展及生活质量的提高，人们对服装面料的功能性提出了更高的要求，除织物材料本身性质外，对织物进行物理、化学改性赋予材料新的性能已成为目前研究热点。
光热材料是在光照下能够产生热能的一种新型功能材料，当光热材料与纺织物相结合时，便可制备得到具有光热转换功能的智能织物，光热转换织物所产生的热量能够在现实生活中直接用于寒冷环境下的人体取暖，这对新一代太阳能保温服等领域具有巨大的潜在价值。
在炎热环境下，人体主要通过出汗来排出热量，维持体温恒定，为了提高出汗状况下穿着的舒适性，近来也出现了一些具有排汗降温功能的织物，如具有不对称表面结构的Janus织物，一面具有疏水性，另一面具有亲水性，穿着时，疏水面朝向人体皮肤，有利于人体汗水和热量的排出，能够实现排汗降温功能。
现有功能性织物仅对应适用于单一环境，且制备过程复杂，当天气突变或由空调环境进入温度差异大的自然环境时，显然现有功能性织物已无法满足穿着舒适性的要求。
发明内容
本发明的目标在于发展一种光热自泵浦织物，通过在光热织物一侧沉积疏水静电纺膜而整体具有不对称浸润性，可实现液体的定向传输，光热织物中光热材料的光热效应可同时促进汗液蒸发，使人体皮肤保持干燥，在寒冷环境中还能够给人体主动加热，使人体保持温暖，从而有效提高了人体在不同环境下的穿着舒适度。
为达到上述目的，本发明的技术方案是这样实现的：
本发明提供一种光热自泵浦织物，包括光热织物以及覆于光热织物一侧的疏水静电纺膜；
所述光热织物包括织物基底以及均匀附着在织物基底表面的光热材料，所述光热织物的表面为光热材料表面；
所述疏水静电纺膜由疏水性聚合物经过静电纺丝法沉积形成。
具体地，所述疏水性聚合物包括但不限于聚氨酯(PU)、聚苯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯中的一种或多种；所述疏水性聚合物进一步优选为聚氨酯。
具体地，所述光热材料包括但不限于碳纳米管、石墨烯、石墨、MXene中的一种或多种，其中，MXene材料是一种过渡族金属碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物，具有类石墨烯的二维结构。
进一步地，所述光热材料优选为碳纳米管。
具体地，所述疏水静电纺膜的厚度为5-50μm，所述疏水静电纺膜具有疏水性聚合物制成的纤维，所述疏水静电纺膜中的纤维直径为100-500nm。
具体地，所述织物基底材料为棉、醋酸纤维素、羊毛等具有良好浸润性的织物材料中的一种或组合。
优选地，所述织物基底为棉织物。
本发明还提供上述光热自泵浦织物的制备方法，具体包括：
步骤1、制备光热材料分散液，将织物基底浸泡于光热材料分散液中，然后取出烘干得到光热织物。
步骤2、将疏水性聚合物制备成纺丝液，在光热织物一侧表面通过静电纺丝方法沉积形成疏水静电纺膜，得到光热自泵浦织物。
具体地，所述步骤1中，光热材料分散液中光热材料的质量分数为0.01-0.5％，织物基底在光热材料分散液中的浸泡时间为10-60min，对织物基底的烘干温度为50-80℃，烘干时间为10-24h。
具体地，所述光热材料分散液的制备过程具体为：将光热材料分散于表面活性剂溶液中，搅拌后通过超声分散均匀，得到光热材料分散液。
具体地，所述表面活性剂溶液为十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液，其中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量百分比为1-5％。
具体地，所述步骤2中，静电纺丝的电压为15-20kV，接收距离为18-22cm，纺丝液的灌注速度为0.5-2mL/h。
具体地，所述纺丝液的具体制备过程为：将疏水性聚合物溶解在有机溶剂中并进行搅拌，得到均匀透明的纺丝液。
具体地，所述纺丝液中疏水性聚合物的质量分数为10-20％，所述有机溶剂包括但不限于二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、丙酮、二甲基乙酰胺中的一种或多种。
本发明有益效果如下：
(1)本发明的光热自泵浦织物，包括光热织物以及覆于光热织物一侧的疏水静电纺膜，具有不对称浸润性，在人体出汗情况下，可以实现汗液从靠近皮肤疏水一侧单向传输到接触环境的亲水一侧，而光热材料的光热效应可同时快速蒸发聚集在亲水一侧的汗液，从而使人体皮肤保持干燥。
(2)本发明的光热自泵浦织物，在寒冷环境下，可利用光热材料的光热效应，在光照下可实现温度迅速升高，从而可以利用光照实现主动对人体加热。
附图说明
图1为本发明光热自泵浦织物的制备示意图；
图2为光热织物和棉织物在同一太阳光强下的红外热成像照片；
图3为图2中光热织物和棉织物温度曲线。
具体实施方式
下文将结合具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做更进一步的详细说明。下列实施例仅为示例性地说明和解释本发明，而不应被解释为对本发明保护范围的限制。凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均涵盖在本发明旨在保护的范围内。
如图1所示，本发明利用浸渍法和静电纺丝技术构建了一种具有不对称浸润性的光热自泵浦织物，先通过浸渍法在织物基底表面均匀附着光热材料而形成光热织物，然后通过静电纺丝技术在光热织物一侧表面沉积形成疏水静电纺膜，使得光热自泵浦织物整体具有不对称浸润性，实现液体的定向传输，在人体出汗情况下，可以实现汗液从靠近皮肤疏水一侧单向传输到接触环境的亲水一侧，光热材料的光热效应可同时促进汗液蒸发，从而使人体皮肤保持干燥，在寒冷环境中，还能够利用光热材料的光热效应给人体主动加热，使人体保持温暖，进而有效提高了人体在不同环境下的穿着舒适度。
具体地，所述疏水静电纺膜由疏水性聚合物经过静电纺丝法沉积形成；所述疏水性聚合物包括但不限于聚氨酯(PU)、聚苯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯中的一种或多种。
具体地，所述织物基底材料为棉、醋酸纤维素、羊毛等具有良好浸润性的织物材料中的一种或组合。
本发明的光热自泵浦织物的制备方法具体包括：
步骤1、制备光热材料分散液，将织物基底浸泡于光热材料分散液中，然后取出烘干得到光热织物。
步骤2、将疏水性聚合物制备成纺丝液，在光热织物一侧表面通过静电纺丝方法沉积形成疏水静电纺膜，得到光热自泵浦织物。
具体地，所述步骤1中，光热材料分散液中光热材料的质量分数为0.01-0.5％，织物基底于光热材料分散液中的浸泡时间为10-60min，对织物基底的烘干温度为50-80℃，烘干时间为10-24h。
具体地，所述光热材料分散液的制备过程具体为：将光热材料分散于表面活性剂溶液中，搅拌后通过超声分散均匀，得到光热材料分散液。
具体地，所述表面活性剂溶液为十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液，其中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量百分比为1-5％。
具体地，所述纺丝液的具体制备过程为：将疏水性聚合物溶解在有机溶剂中并进行搅拌，得到均匀透明的纺丝液。
具体地，所述纺丝液中疏水性聚合物的质量分数为10-20％，所述有机溶剂包括但不限于二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、丙酮、二甲基乙酰胺中的一种或多种。
具体地，所述步骤2中，静电纺丝的电压为15-20kV，接收距离为18-22cm，纺丝液的灌注速度为0.5-2mL/h，所述疏水静电纺膜的厚度为5-50μm，所述疏水静电纺膜中的纤维直径为100-500nm，所述疏水静电纺膜中的孔径为0.1-20μm。
以下通过具体实施例来阐明本申请的实施过程，并充分评价实施效果。除非另有说明，以下实施例中使用的原料和试剂均为市售商品，或者可以通过已知方法制备。
实施例1：
1、制备光热织物
制备碳纳米管分散液：将碳纳米管(CNT)分散于1wt％的十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)水溶液中，搅拌5min后，用探针超声30min，得到碳纳米管分散液。
将尺寸规格为40cm×40cm的棉织物基底浸泡于碳纳米管分散液中10min，然后取出烘干得到光热织物，其中，烘干温度为60℃，烘干时间为12h，所得到的光热织物的表面为碳纳米管表面。
2、沉积形成疏水静电纺膜
将疏水性聚合物制备成纺丝液：将聚氨酯(PU)溶解在二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)中搅拌过夜，得到均匀透明的PU纺丝液，纺丝液中聚氨酯的浓度为12wt％。
将上述纺丝液注入纺丝注射器中，通过静电纺丝方法在光热织物上沉积一层疏水静电纺膜，纺丝电压为15kV，接收距离20cm，纺丝溶液的灌注速度为2mL/h，所得纤维膜平均孔径为1-2μm左右，所得纤维直径为200nm左右，纤维膜厚度为5μm左右，得到光热自泵浦织物。
性能测试
将棉织物和实施例1的光热织物一同放在一个太阳光强(1.0kWm-2)下经10s的光照，实施例1的光热织物温度迅速升高达到42℃左右，而棉织物温度只有32℃左右。结果如图2-3所示，表明在光照下，本发明的光热织物可以主动加热人体。
本发明虽已藉由上述实施例加以详细说明，但以上所述仅为使熟悉本技术者能更易于了解本发明，并非限定本发明的实施范围，故凡依本发明权利要求所述的形状构造特征及精神所为的均等变化与修饰，皆仍属本发明专利涵盖的范围内。
Claims (10)
1.一种用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物，其特征在于，包括光热织物以及覆于光热织物一侧的疏水静电纺膜；
所述光热织物包括织物基底以及均匀附着在织物基底表面的光热材料；织物基底浸泡于光热材料分散液中，取出烘干得到光热织物；光热材料分散液中光热材料的质量分数为0.01-0.5%；
所述疏水静电纺膜由疏水性聚合物经过静电纺丝法沉积形成; 所述疏水静电纺膜的厚度为5-50μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物，其特征在于，所述疏水性聚合物包括聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、聚偏氟乙烯中的一种或多种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物，其特征在于，所述光热材料包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、石墨、MXene中的一种或多种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物，其特征在于，所述疏水静电纺膜具有疏水性聚合物制成的纤维，所述疏水静电纺膜中的纤维直径为100-500nm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物，其特征在于，所述织物基底材料为棉、醋酸纤维素、羊毛中的一种或组合。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物的制备方法，其特征在于，具体包括：
步骤1、制备光热材料分散液，将织物基底浸泡于光热材料分散液中，然后取出烘干得到光热织物；
步骤2、将疏水性聚合物制备成纺丝液，在光热织物一侧表面通过静电纺丝方法沉积形成疏水静电纺膜，得到光热自泵浦织物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中，光热材料分散液中光热材料的质量分数为0.01-0.5%，织物基底在光热材料分散液中的浸泡时间为10-60min，对织物基底的烘干温度为50-80℃，烘干时间为10-24h。
8.根据权利要求6所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述光热材料分散液的制备过程具体为：将光热材料分散于表面活性剂溶液中，搅拌后通过超声分散均匀，得到光热材料分散液；所述表面活性剂溶液为十二烷基苯磺酸钠溶液，其中十二烷基苯磺酸钠的质量百分比为1-5%。
9.根据权利要求6所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中，静电纺丝的电压为15-20kV，接收距离为18-22cm，纺丝液的灌注速度为0.5-2mL/h。
10.根据权利要求6所述的用于人体皮肤表面的光热自泵浦织物的制备方法，其特征在于，所述纺丝液的具体制备过程为：将疏水性聚合物溶解在有机溶剂中并进行搅拌，得到均匀透明的纺丝液；
所述纺丝液中疏水性聚合物的质量分数为10-20%，所述有机溶剂包括二甲基甲酰胺、四氢呋喃、丙酮、二甲基乙酰胺中的一种或多种。
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