CN115176896A - Hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115176896A CN115176896A CN202210942312.9A CN202210942312A CN115176896A CN 115176896 A CN115176896 A CN 115176896A CN 202210942312 A CN202210942312 A CN 202210942312A CN 115176896 A CN115176896 A CN 115176896A
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- fish
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- hydrolyzed
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- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007965 phenolic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001474 phenylpropanoid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/14—Pretreatment of feeding-stuffs with enzymes
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/142—Amino acids; Derivatives thereof
- A23K20/147—Polymeric derivatives, e.g. peptides or proteins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
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- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/30—Oligoelements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K40/00—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K40/10—Shaping or working-up of animal feeding-stuffs by agglomeration; by granulation, e.g. making powders
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0261—Solvent extraction of solids comprising vibrating mechanisms, e.g. mechanical, acoustical
- B01D11/0265—Applying ultrasound
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0288—Applications, solvents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/125—Casei
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/11—Lactobacillus
- A23V2400/175—Rhamnosus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2400/00—Lactic or propionic acid bacteria
- A23V2400/51—Bifidobacterium
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed and a preparation method thereof. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following raw materials: fish meal, chicken powder, gluten powder, puffed corn powder, kelp powder, vinasse, carrots, orange peel, compound vitamins, linseed oil, mineral substances, salt, probiotics and hydrolyzed fish protein. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed prepared by the invention has high safety, rich nutritional value and a large amount of amino acid, can effectively promote the growth and development of pets, and has wide market prospect in the field of pet feeds.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pet feed, in particular to hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The pet feed is a food specially provided for pets and small animals, and is a high-grade animal food between human food and traditional livestock and poultry feed. The function of the feed is mainly to provide the most basic nutrient substances required by life guarantee, growth and development and health for various pets. Has the advantages of comprehensive nutrition, high digestibility, scientific formula, standard quality, convenient feeding and use, and capability of preventing certain diseases. The pet feed takes vitamins, cereals, meat and the like as main raw materials.
With the improvement of consumption concepts and professional knowledge popularity of pet owners, the market gradually shows the trends of 'high protein', 'low carbohydrate', 'high animal-derived raw material' and the like for pet feed in China, which particularly accords with the dietary habits of the feline, not only researches the nutriology of companion animals, but also puts higher requirements on the traditional feed processing technology.
The hydrolyzed fish protein is a protein product rich in low molecular protein oligopeptides and is obtained by limited enzymolysis of fish endogenous protease, endo-type or exo-type commercial protease. Some existing researches show that the addition of a certain amount of hydrolyzed fish protein has remarkable promotion effect on the growth, development and feed utilization of fish, particularly young fish. At present, the relatively popular method for preparing hydrolyzed fish protein is mainly obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis, and compared with acid hydrolysis or alkaline hydrolysis, the enzymatic hydrolysis has the advantages of mild conditions, high hydrolysis speed, small damage to the nutritional value of the protein, high protein recovery rate and the like.
The invention patent of China (application number: 201911234356.0) discloses a pet feed for improving appetite of dogs and cats and a preparation method thereof. The bioactive components beneficial to dogs and cats in the pet feed can effectively increase the appetite of dogs and cats, improve foraging times, improve animal energy and spirit, and improve the hair color and glossiness of dogs and cats, so that the feces odor of dogs and cats is reduced or even odorless. The invention still has a problem that the utilization rate of the fish protein powder in the feed is not high, so that a large amount of protein in the raw materials is wasted.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed and a preparation method thereof.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of fish meal, 5-20 parts of chicken powder, 5-20 parts of wheat gluten, 3-15 parts of puffed corn powder, 3-8 parts of kelp powder, 10-20 parts of vinasse, 5-15 parts of carrots, 2-8 parts of orange peels, 2-6 parts of multivitamins, 1-5 parts of linseed oil, 1-3 parts of mineral substances, 0.5-2 parts of salt, 1-5 parts of probiotics and 1-5 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding water into fresh fish leftovers, ultrasonically cleaning to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain fish material powder;
s2, pretreatment: by using 60 Irradiating the fish material powder by Co-gamma rays, and then dissolving the irradiated fish material powder in water for ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated fish material powder;
s3, enzymolysis: taking the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline, and adding chymotrypsin for enzymolysis; then adjusting the pH value to be acidic, and adding papain for enzymolysis; inactivating enzyme, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: and (3) concentrating the enzymolysis liquid in vacuum to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The fish leftovers contain a plurality of putrefying bacteria and harmful microorganisms, and the direct extraction of the protein can seriously affect the purity of the protein and the quality guarantee period of the feed, so the protein needs to be pretreated before being extracted 60 The Co-gamma ray is used for carrying out irradiation treatment on the fish material powder, and after food is irradiated by a certain dose, pathogenic bacteria, putrefying bacteria and other harmful microorganisms in the fish leftovers can be effectively killed, the shelf life of the food is prolonged, the problems of chemical residue, radioactive pollution and the like do not exist, and the method is carried out under the normal temperature condition.
The adoption of ultrasonic treatment can lead to the increase and even breakage of the cell membrane permeability of the fish leftovers and the dissociation of biological macromolecules, thereby providing better enzymolysis efficiency for later enzymolysis, further achieving the purpose of improving the yield of active fish protein, further improving the content of available protein in pet feed and promoting the full absorption and utilization of the protein in the pet feed. In the present invention, the method adopts 60 Co-gamma ray and ultrasonic are simultaneously treated to play a role in enhancing the later enzymolysis and promote the fish to descendThe protein in the material is hydrolyzed into protein oligopeptide, so that the recovery efficiency of the protein in the leftovers is improved, and the nutritional value of the protein is also improved. Meanwhile, the purpose of killing pathogenic bacteria, putrefying bacteria and other harmful microorganisms in the leftovers can be achieved.
Preferably, the preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 3-8 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 30-80min at 35-50 ℃, 100-300W of ultrasonic power and 30-60kHz of ultrasonic frequency; repeatedly cleaning for 2-5 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 30-70 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are at least one of fish heads, fish scales, fish skins and fish viscera;
s2, pretreatment: with irradiation doses in the range 3-6kGy 60 Co-gamma rays irradiate the fish feed powder for 2-4h, then the fish feed powder is added into water according to the feed liquid ratio of 1kg (10-15) L, stirred for 10-30min at 400-700rpm, and then placed at 40-60 ℃, the ultrasonic power is 200-500W, the ultrasonic frequency is 45-70kHz, and ultrasonic treatment is carried out for 20-50min, so as to obtain the pretreated fish feed powder;
s3, enzymolysis: taking 200-400 parts by weight of the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be 7.5-8.5 by using 0.5-2mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 0.3-2 parts by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 1-3h at 35-50 ℃; then adding 0.5-2mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH =5-7, adding 0.0.3-1 parts by weight of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2-5h at 45-65 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 80-100 deg.C for 10-30min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: and (3) concentrating the enzymolysis liquid in vacuum to 20-40% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
Preferably, the preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 3-8 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 30-80min at 35-50 deg.C, ultrasonic power of 100-300W and ultrasonic frequency of 30-60 kHz; repeatedly cleaning for 2-5 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 30-70 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are at least one of fish heads, fish scales, fish skins and fish viscera;
s2, pretreatment: by irradiation agentsIn an amount of 3-6kGy 60 Irradiating the fish material powder for 2-4h by using Co-gamma rays, adding the fish material powder into water according to the material-liquid ratio of 1kg (10-15) L, stirring for 10-30min at 400-700rpm, and then carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20-50min at 40-60 ℃, the ultrasonic power of 200-500W and the ultrasonic frequency of 45-70kHz to obtain the pretreated fish material powder;
s3, enzymolysis: taking 200-400 parts by weight of the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be 7.5-8.5 by using 0.5-2mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 0.3-2 parts by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 1-3h at 35-50 ℃; then adding 0.5-2mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH =5-7, adding 0.0.3-1 parts by weight of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2-5h at 45-65 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 80-100 deg.C for 10-30min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: adding plant freeze-dried powder into the enzymolysis liquid, uniformly stirring, and carrying out vacuum concentration to 20-40% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The application of the hydrolyzed fish protein obtained by the current enzymolysis method to aquatic feeds still needs to face a very troublesome problem, namely if the hydrolyzed fish protein is stored in a concentrated solution form, the oligopeptide protein obtained by enzymolysis is extremely easy to go bad, if the hydrolyzed fish protein obtained by spraying or freeze drying is very easy to absorb moisture, an additional carrier needs to be added, but the nutritional value of the hydrolyzed fish protein is reduced. Therefore, the invention adopts the cross-linking of the fish protein and the plant polyphenol to generate the fish protein product with stable structure, has no toxicity, improves the anti-oxidation capability of the hydrolyzed fish protein and simultaneously improves the processing characteristic of the hydrolyzed fish protein.
Cortex Fraxini is dry branch bark or dry bark of Carpinus laxiflora, fraxinus rhynchophylla, fraxinus pinnata or Fraxinus pinnitafida of Oleaceae, contains abundant active ingredients such as flavonoids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, etc., and has high stability and antioxidant and antibacterial effects. The herba Polygoni Avicularis contains various chemical components such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, phenylpropanoids, saccharides, amino acids, and various macroelements and microelements. The addition of the extracts of the two into the hydrolyzed fish protein not only improves the stability of the hydrolyzed fish protein, but also effectively inhibits the putrefaction and deterioration of the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The ultrasonic treatment is adopted before the subcritical extraction, so that the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic treatment can be utilized to assist and enhance the effect of the subcritical extraction, and the extraction of effective active substances in the subcritical extraction is promoted, so that the effective active ingredients such as flavonoids, polysaccharides and polyphenols are extracted by the subcritical extraction, and the ingredients have the effects of oxidation resistance, no toxicity and freshness preservation, the problem that the hydrolyzed fish protein is easy to rot when being stored in a concentrated solution can be effectively solved, the quality of the hydrolyzed fish protein is improved, the sufficient absorption of nutrient substances by pets can be improved, the growth and development of the pets are guaranteed, and the shelf life of the hydrolyzed fish protein concentrated solution can be prolonged. The hydrolyzed fish protein prepared by the invention has higher content of hydrophilic amino acid and lower content of hydrophobic amino acid, and contains higher glutamic acid, histidine, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, taurine, hydroxyproline, anserine, carnosine and the like. The addition of the hydrolyzed fish protein into the pet feed can improve the growth performance and feed utilization of the pet, and obviously improve the protein content, protein digestibility and protein efficiency.
The preparation method of the plant freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
n1 cleaning and crushing: cleaning and drying the polygonum aviculare and the ash bark, mixing according to the mass ratio of (2-4) to (1-3), crushing and sieving by a sieve of 60-100 meshes to obtain mixed powder;
n2 extraction: mixing 60-100 weight parts of the above mixed powder with 200-500 weight parts of 50-70wt% ethanol water solution, stirring at 600-1000rpm for 3-8min, and extracting at 50-70 deg.C with ultrasonic frequency of 50-80kHz and ultrasonic power of 300-500W for 0.5-3h; centrifuging to obtain ultrasonic extractive solution, extracting the precipitate in subcritical environment at 30-60 deg.C and 1-4MPa for 50-90min, wherein the extraction solvent is n-butanol, and the mass ratio of the precipitate to the extraction solvent is 1: (8-15) obtaining subcritical extraction liquid, and combining the ultrasonic extraction liquid and the subcritical extraction liquid to obtain extraction liquid;
and (3) freeze-drying: concentrating the extract liquor obtained in the step N2 at 50-70 ℃ and under the vacuum degree of-0.05 MPa under reduced pressure to 1/3-1/5 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution; and then freeze-drying to obtain the plant freeze-dried powder.
The compound vitamin is at least one of vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12; preferably, the compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 according to the mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3): (2-4): 0.5-2: (0.5-2).
The mineral is at least one of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate; preferably, the mineral substance consists of monocalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate according to the mass ratio of (1-3) to (0.5-2) to (2-4) to (0.5-2).
The probiotics is at least one of bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus; preferably, the probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to the mass ratio of (1-3): 0.5-2): 2-4.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and crushing fish meal, chicken meal, gluten powder, puffed corn flour, kelp powder, vinasse, carrots and orange peel in corresponding weight parts, sieving by a sieve of 60-100 meshes, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner with the temperature of 70-90 ℃ and the rpm of 400-600 to be cured for 15-50s to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker, compound vitamins, linseed oil, mineral substances, salt, water, probiotics and hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed prepared by the invention has high safety, rich nutritional value and a large amount of amino acid, and has wide market prospect in the field of pet feeds. The hydrolyzed fish protein in the pet feed can activate water molecules in the intestinal tract, accelerate the biochemical reaction speed of macromolecules in the intestinal tract, and simultaneously improve the transmembrane absorption of nutrient substances or ions in intestinal epithelial cells, so that the nutrient substances in the pet feed can be quickly and fully absorbed after entering the intestinal tract of the pet, and the pet feed has a good effect on the growth and development of the pet. The preparation method has simple process and low reaction temperature, provides a new method for improving the stability of the hydrolyzed fish protein in the pet feed, and has wide application prospect.
Detailed Description
The above summary of the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, but it should not be understood that the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following examples.
Introduction of some raw materials in this application:
vinasse was purchased from santong chen biotechnology limited, model: and (4) DDGS.
The bacillus subtilis is purchased from China agricultural microbial strain preservation management center, and the strain number is as follows: ACCC 60429.
The bifidobacterium is purchased from China agricultural microorganism strain preservation management center, and the strain number is as follows: ACCC 03969.
The lactobacillus casei is purchased from China agricultural microorganism strain preservation management center, and the strain number is as follows: ACCC 10640.
The lactobacillus rhamnosus is purchased from China agricultural microorganism strain preservation management center, and the strain number is as follows: ACCC 10534.
Chymotrypsin was purchased from the jumping biotechnology limited, shanghai, and enzyme activity: 2000U/g.
Papain was purchased from west anrui bioengineering ltd, enzyme activity: more than or equal to 350 ten thousand U/g.
Example 1
A hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of vital gluten, 8 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of kelp powder, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of carrots, 5 parts of orange peels, 4 parts of compound vitamins, 3 parts of linseed oil, 2 parts of mineral substances, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of probiotics and 3 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein.
The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 2.
The mineral comprises calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate according to the mass ratio of (2).
The probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to a mass ratio of 2.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 5 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 50min at 40 ℃, 200W of ultrasonic power and 45kHz of ultrasonic frequency; repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are fish scales;
s2, enzymolysis: taking 300 parts by weight of the fish material powder, adjusting the pH value to be =8 by using 1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 1 part by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2h at 40 ℃; then adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to be 6.5, adding 0.5 weight part of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at 55 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 90 deg.C for 15min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s3, freeze-drying: and (3) concentrating the enzymolysis liquid in vacuum to 30% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of chicken meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat gluten, 8 parts by weight of puffed corn flour, 5 parts by weight of kelp powder, 15 parts by weight of vinasse, 10 parts by weight of carrot and 5 parts by weight of orange peel, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rpm of 500 for curing for 30s to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker aggregate, 4 parts by weight of multivitamin, 3 parts by weight of linseed oil, 2 parts by weight of mineral matter, 1 part by weight of salt, 3 parts by weight of probiotics, 10 parts by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
Example 2
A hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of vital gluten, 8 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of kelp powder, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of carrots, 5 parts of orange peels, 4 parts of compound vitamins, 3 parts of linseed oil, 2 parts of mineral substances, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of probiotics and 3 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein.
The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 2.
The mineral comprises monocalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate according to a mass ratio of 2.
The probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to a mass ratio of 2.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 5 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 50min at 40 ℃, 200W of ultrasonic power and 45kHz of ultrasonic frequency; repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are fish scales;
s2, pretreatment: with an irradiation dose of 4kGy 60 Irradiating the fish material powder for 3 hours by using Co-gamma rays to obtain pretreated fish material powder;
s3, enzymolysis: taking 300 parts by weight of the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be =8 by using 1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 1 part by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃; then adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to be 6.5, adding 0.5 weight part of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at 55 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 90 deg.C for 15min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: and (3) concentrating the enzymolysis liquid in vacuum to 30% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of chicken meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat gluten, 8 parts by weight of puffed corn flour, 5 parts by weight of kelp powder, 15 parts by weight of vinasse, 10 parts by weight of carrot and 5 parts by weight of orange peel, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rpm of 500 for curing for 30s to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker, 4 parts by weight of multivitamin, 3 parts by weight of linseed oil, 2 parts by weight of mineral substances, 1 part by weight of salt, 3 parts by weight of probiotics, 10 parts by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
Example 3
A hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of vital gluten, 8 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of kelp powder, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of carrots, 5 parts of orange peels, 4 parts of compound vitamins, 3 parts of linseed oil, 2 parts of mineral substances, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of probiotics and 3 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein.
The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 2.
The mineral comprises monocalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate according to a mass ratio of 2.
The probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to a mass ratio of 2.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 5 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 50min at 40 ℃, ultrasonic power of 200W and ultrasonic frequency of 45 kHz; repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are fish scales;
s2, pretreatment: dissolving the fish feed powder in water according to the ratio of 1 to 12, stirring for 20min at 600rpm, and performing ultrasonic treatment at 50 ℃, the ultrasonic power of 300W and the ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz for 30min to obtain pretreated fish feed powder;
s3, enzymolysis: taking 300 parts by weight of the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be =8 by using 1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 1 part by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃; then adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to be 6.5, adding 0.5 weight part of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at 55 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 90 deg.C for 15min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: and (3) concentrating the enzymolysis liquid in vacuum to 30% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of chicken meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat gluten, 8 parts by weight of puffed corn flour, 5 parts by weight of kelp powder, 15 parts by weight of vinasse, 10 parts by weight of carrot and 5 parts by weight of orange peel, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rpm of 500 for curing for 30s to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker aggregate, 4 parts by weight of multivitamin, 3 parts by weight of linseed oil, 2 parts by weight of mineral matter, 1 part by weight of salt, 3 parts by weight of probiotics, 10 parts by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
Example 4
A hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of gluten powder, 8 parts of puffed corn powder, 5 parts of kelp powder, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of carrots, 5 parts of orange peel, 4 parts of multivitamins, 3 parts of linseed oil, 2 parts of minerals, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of probiotics and 3 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein.
The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of (2).
The mineral comprises calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate according to the mass ratio of (2).
The probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to a mass ratio of 2.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 5 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 50min at 40 ℃, ultrasonic power of 200W and ultrasonic frequency of 45 kHz; repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are fish scales;
s2, pretreatment: with an irradiation dose of 4kGy 60 Irradiating the fish feed powder for 3h by Co-gamma rays, then adding the fish feed powder into water according to a feed-liquid ratio of 12L, stirring for 20min at 600rpm, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment at 50 ℃, an ultrasonic power of 300W and an ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz for 30min to obtain the fish feed powderPretreating fish powder;
s3, enzymolysis: taking 300 parts by weight of the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be =8 by using 1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 1 part by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃; then adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to be 6.5, adding 0.5 weight part of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at 55 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 90 deg.C for 15min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: and (3) concentrating the enzymolysis liquid in vacuum to 30% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of chicken meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat gluten, 8 parts by weight of puffed corn flour, 5 parts by weight of kelp powder, 15 parts by weight of vinasse, 10 parts by weight of carrot and 5 parts by weight of orange peel, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rpm of 500 for curing for 30s to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker aggregate, 4 parts by weight of multivitamin, 3 parts by weight of linseed oil, 2 parts by weight of mineral matter, 1 part by weight of salt, 3 parts by weight of probiotics, 10 parts by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
Example 5
A hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of vital gluten, 8 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of kelp powder, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of carrots, 5 parts of orange peels, 4 parts of compound vitamins, 3 parts of linseed oil, 2 parts of mineral substances, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of probiotics and 3 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein.
The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of (2).
The mineral comprises monocalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate according to a mass ratio of 2.
The probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to a mass ratio of 2.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 5 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 50min at 40 ℃, ultrasonic power of 200W and ultrasonic frequency of 45 kHz; repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are fish scales;
s2, pretreatment: with an irradiation dose of 4kGy 60 Irradiating the fish material powder for 3 hours by using Co-gamma rays, then adding the fish material powder into water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1kg;
s3, enzymolysis: taking 300 parts by weight of the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be =8 by using 1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 1 part by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃; then adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to be 6.5, adding 0.5 weight part of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at 55 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 90 deg.C for 15min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: adding plant freeze-dried powder into the enzymolysis liquid, uniformly stirring, and carrying out vacuum concentration to 30% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The addition amount of the plant freeze-dried powder is 0.01 per mill of the mass of the enzymolysis liquid;
the preparation method of the plant freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
n1 cleaning and crushing: cleaning and drying the polygonum aviculare and the ash bark, mixing according to the mass ratio of 3:2, crushing and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder;
n2 extraction: mixing 80 parts by weight of the mixed powder with 300 parts by weight of 60wt% ethanol aqueous solution, stirring at 800rpm for 5min, and extracting at 60 ℃ under the ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz and the ultrasonic power of 400W for 1h; centrifuging to obtain an extract;
and (3) freeze-drying: concentrating the extract liquor obtained in the step N2 at 60 ℃ and under the vacuum degree of-0.05 MPa under reduced pressure to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution; and then freeze-drying to obtain the plant freeze-dried powder.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of chicken meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat gluten, 8 parts by weight of puffed corn flour, 5 parts by weight of kelp powder, 15 parts by weight of vinasse, 10 parts by weight of carrot and 5 parts by weight of orange peel, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rpm of 500 for curing for 30s to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker, 4 parts by weight of multivitamin, 3 parts by weight of linseed oil, 2 parts by weight of mineral substances, 1 part by weight of salt, 3 parts by weight of probiotics, 10 parts by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
Example 6
A hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of vital gluten, 8 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of kelp powder, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of carrots, 5 parts of orange peels, 4 parts of compound vitamins, 3 parts of linseed oil, 2 parts of mineral substances, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of probiotics and 3 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein.
The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 2.
The mineral comprises calcium dihydrogen phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate according to the mass ratio of (2).
The probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to a mass ratio of 2.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 5 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 50min at 40 ℃, ultrasonic power of 200W and ultrasonic frequency of 45 kHz; repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are fish scales;
s2, pretreatment: with an irradiation dose of 4kGy 60 Irradiating the fish material powder for 3 hours by using Co-gamma rays, then adding the fish material powder into water according to a material-liquid ratio of 1kg;
s3, enzymolysis: taking 300 parts by weight of the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be =8 by using 1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 1 part by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃; then adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to be 6.5, adding 0.5 weight part of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at 55 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 90 deg.C for 15min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: adding plant freeze-dried powder into the enzymolysis liquid, uniformly stirring, and carrying out vacuum concentration to 30% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The addition amount of the plant freeze-dried powder is 0.01 per mill of the mass of the enzymolysis liquid;
the preparation method of the plant freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
n1 cleaning and crushing: cleaning and drying the polygonum aviculare and the ash bark, mixing according to the mass ratio of 3:2, crushing and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder;
n2 extraction: taking 80 parts by weight of the mixed powder, placing the mixed powder in a subcritical environment with the temperature of 50 ℃ and the extraction pressure of 2.5MPa for extraction for 70min, wherein the extraction solvent is n-butyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the precipitate to the extraction solvent is 1:10, obtaining an extract liquid;
n3 freeze-drying: concentrating the extract liquor obtained in the step N2 at 60 ℃ and under the vacuum degree of-0.05 MPa under reduced pressure to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution; and then freeze-drying to obtain the plant freeze-dried powder.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of chicken meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat gluten, 8 parts by weight of puffed corn flour, 5 parts by weight of kelp powder, 15 parts by weight of vinasse, 10 parts by weight of carrot and 5 parts by weight of orange peel, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rpm of 500 for curing for 30s to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker aggregate, 4 parts by weight of multivitamin, 3 parts by weight of linseed oil, 2 parts by weight of mineral matter, 1 part by weight of salt, 3 parts by weight of probiotics, 10 parts by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
Example 7
The pet feed containing the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of chicken meal, 10 parts of vital gluten, 8 parts of puffed corn flour, 5 parts of kelp powder, 15 parts of vinasse, 10 parts of carrots, 5 parts of orange peels, 4 parts of compound vitamins, 3 parts of linseed oil, 2 parts of mineral substances, 1 part of salt, 3 parts of probiotics and 3 parts of hydrolyzed fish protein.
The compound vitamin comprises vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3 and vitamin B12 in a mass ratio of 2;
the mineral substance is composed of monocalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride and ferrous sulfate according to a mass ratio of 2;
the probiotics comprise bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei and lactobacillus rhamnosus according to a mass ratio of 2;
the preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning: adding 5 times of water into fresh fish leftovers, and cleaning for 50min at 40 ℃, 200W of ultrasonic power and 45kHz of ultrasonic frequency; repeatedly cleaning for 3 times to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain fish material powder; the fish leftovers are fish scales;
s2, pretreatment: with an irradiation dose of 4kGy 60 Irradiating the fish material powder for 3 hours by using Co-gamma rays, then adding the fish material powder into water according to a material-liquid ratio of 12L (1kg);
s3, enzymolysis: taking 300 parts by weight of the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be =8 by using 1mol/L sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, adding 1 part by weight of chymotrypsin, and carrying out enzymolysis for 2 hours at 40 ℃; then adding 1mol/L hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to be 6.5, adding 0.5 weight part of papain, and carrying out enzymolysis for 3 hours at 55 ℃; inactivating enzyme at 90 deg.C for 15min, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: adding plant freeze-dried powder into the enzymatic hydrolysate, uniformly stirring, and concentrating in vacuum to 30% of the original volume to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
The addition amount of the plant freeze-dried powder is 0.01 per mill of the mass of the enzymolysis liquid;
the preparation method of the plant freeze-dried powder comprises the following steps:
n1 cleaning and crushing: cleaning and drying the polygonum aviculare and the ash bark, mixing according to the mass ratio of 3:2, crushing and sieving by a 80-mesh sieve to obtain mixed powder;
n2 extraction: mixing 80 parts by weight of the mixed powder with 300 parts by weight of 60wt% ethanol aqueous solution, stirring at 800rpm for 5min, and extracting at 60 ℃, ultrasonic frequency of 60kHz and ultrasonic power of 400W for 1h; centrifuging to obtain ultrasonic extract; and extracting the precipitate for 70min in a subcritical environment at the temperature of 50 ℃ and the extraction pressure of 2.5MPa, wherein the extraction solvent is n-butyl alcohol, and the mass ratio of the precipitate to the extraction solvent is 1:10, obtaining subcritical extraction liquid, and combining the ultrasonic extraction liquid and the subcritical extraction liquid to obtain extraction liquid;
and (3) freeze-drying: concentrating the extract liquor obtained in the step N2 at 60 ℃ and under the vacuum degree of-0.05 MPa under reduced pressure to 1/4 of the original volume to obtain concentrated solution; and then freeze-drying to obtain the plant freeze-dried powder.
The preparation method of the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing and crushing 30 parts by weight of fish meal, 10 parts by weight of chicken meal, 10 parts by weight of wheat gluten, 8 parts by weight of puffed corn flour, 5 parts by weight of kelp powder, 15 parts by weight of vinasse, 10 parts by weight of carrot and 5 parts by weight of orange peel, sieving by a 80-mesh sieve, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner with the temperature of 80 ℃ and the rpm of 500 for curing for 30s to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker aggregate, 4 parts by weight of multivitamin, 3 parts by weight of linseed oil, 2 parts by weight of mineral matter, 1 part by weight of salt, 3 parts by weight of probiotics, 10 parts by weight of water and 3 parts by weight of hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
Test example 1
The test method comprises the following steps: 80 healthy puppies of 2 months old were selected as test subjects, the sex ratio of which was 1:1, the puppies were of the same size, 10 puppies were 8 groups in total, and labeled, 8 groups of puppies were fed with the hydrolyzed fish protein pet food of examples 1-7 of the present invention and the pet food of a control sample (commercially available) at the same time intervals, respectively, the weight gains of each group of puppies were measured at 10d, 20d, and 30d, respectively, and the average of the weight gains of 10 puppies per group was taken and recorded, and the results were shown in table 1, and the maximum and minimum of the weight gains of each group were removed.
Feeding time: putting the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed into a feeding box, allowing the puppy to eat freely, and after eating, resting for 10-30min and then drinking water; the daily management is as follows: every morning the dogs were taken to go outdoors for 1h, and returned to home for rest, once in the morning at 00-10, once in the noon at 12 at 00-13, once in the afternoon at 00-18.
TABLE 1 growth of puppies
Test example 2
And (3) amino acid content determination: glutamic acid, histidine, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, alanine, threonine and arginine in the hydrolyzed fish protein in the example 1 to 4 are measured by referring to the national standard GB5009.124-2016 (determination of amino acid in food safety national standard food), the hydrolyzed fish protein in the example 1 to 4 prepared by the invention is frozen and dried, then the determination is carried out by referring to the national standard method, the content of amino acid in each 100g of hydrolyzed fish protein is expressed, each group is tested for 5 times, and the average value is obtained, and the result is shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 measurement results of various amino acid contents
From the results, the cell membrane permeability of the fish leftovers can be increased or even broken by adopting ultrasonic treatment, and biomacromolecules are dissociated to provide better enzymolysis efficiency for later enzymolysis, so that the aim of improving the yield of the active fish protein is fulfilled, the content of available protein in the pet feed is improved, and the full absorption and utilization of the protein in the pet feed are promoted. In the present invention, adopt 60 Co-gamma ray and ultrasonic treatment simultaneously play a role in enhancing the effect of later enzymolysis and promote the enzymolysis in fish leftoversThe protein is hydrolyzed into protein oligopeptide, so that the recovery efficiency of amino acid in the leftovers is improved, and the nutritional value of the protein is also improved. The plant freeze-dried powder is added in the preservation of the hydrolyzed fish protein, so that the stability of the hydrolyzed fish protein is improved, the putrefaction and deterioration problems of the hydrolyzed fish protein can be effectively inhibited, the food attraction rate of puppies is improved, and the rapid growth of pets is promoted. The ultrasonic treatment is adopted before the subcritical extraction, so that the cavitation effect of the ultrasonic treatment can be utilized to assist and enhance the effect of the subcritical extraction, and the extraction of effective active substances in the subcritical extraction is promoted, so that the effective active ingredients such as flavones, polysaccharides and polyphenols are extracted by the subcritical extraction, and the ingredients have the effects of oxidation resistance, no toxicity and freshness preservation, the problem that the hydrolyzed fish protein is easy to rot when stored in a concentrated solution can be effectively solved, the quality of the hydrolyzed fish protein is improved, the sufficient absorption of nutrients by pets can be improved, the growth and development of the pets are guaranteed, and the shelf life of the hydrolyzed fish protein concentrated solution can be prolonged. The hydrolyzed fish protein prepared by the invention has higher content of hydrophilic amino acid and lower content of hydrophobic amino acid, and contains higher glutamic acid, histidine, aspartic acid, lysine, leucine, taurine, hydroxyproline, anserine, carnosine and the like. The extraction process can obviously improve the protein content, the protein digestibility and the protein efficiency, and the growth performance and the feed utilization of the pet can be improved by adding the hydrolyzed fish protein into the pet feed.
Claims (10)
1. The pet feed containing the hydrolyzed fish protein is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: fish meal, chicken powder, gluten powder, puffed corn powder, kelp powder, vinasse, carrots, orange peel, compound vitamins, linseed oil, mineral substances, salt, probiotics and hydrolyzed fish protein.
2. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet food of claim 1, wherein the hydrolyzed fish protein is prepared by a process comprising the steps of:
s1, cleaning: adding water into fresh fish leftovers, ultrasonically cleaning to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain fish material powder;
s2, pretreatment: by using 60 Irradiating the fish material powder by Co-gamma rays, and then dissolving the irradiated fish material powder in water for ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated fish material powder;
s3, enzymolysis: taking the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline, and adding chymotrypsin for enzymolysis; adjusting pH to acidity, adding papain for enzymolysis; inactivating enzyme, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: and (3) concentrating the enzymatic hydrolysate in vacuum to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
3. A hydrolyzed fish protein pet food as claimed in claim 2, wherein the process for the preparation of hydrolyzed fish protein comprises the steps of:
s1, cleaning: adding water into fresh fish leftovers, ultrasonically cleaning to obtain cleaned fish material, drying, crushing and sieving to obtain fish material powder;
s2, pretreatment: by using 60 Irradiating the fish material powder by Co-gamma rays, and then dissolving the irradiated fish material powder in water for ultrasonic treatment to obtain pretreated fish material powder;
s3, enzymolysis: taking the pretreated fish powder, adjusting the pH value to be alkaline, and adding chymotrypsin for enzymolysis; then adjusting the pH value to be acidic, and adding papain for enzymolysis; inactivating enzyme, and centrifuging to obtain enzymolysis solution;
s4, freeze-drying: adding plant freeze-dried powder into the enzymolysis liquid, uniformly stirring, and carrying out vacuum concentration to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein.
4. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet food of claim 2 or 3, wherein the fish offal is at least one of fish head, fish scales, fish skin, and fish viscera.
5. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet food of claim 3, wherein the lyophilized plant powder is prepared by the following method:
n1 cleaning and crushing: cleaning and drying the plants, and crushing and screening to obtain mixed powder;
n2 extraction: mixing the mixed powder with an ethanol water solution, stirring and performing ultrasonic treatment; centrifuging to obtain an ultrasonic extracting solution, extracting the precipitate in a subcritical environment to obtain a subcritical extracting solution, and combining the ultrasonic extracting solution and the subcritical extracting solution to obtain an extracting solution;
and (3) freeze-drying: concentrating the extract liquor obtained in the step N2 under reduced pressure to obtain a concentrated solution; and then freeze-drying to obtain the plant freeze-dried powder.
6. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet food of claim 5, wherein the plant is at least one of Polygonum aviculare and Fraxini cortex.
7. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet food of claim 1, wherein the vitamin complex is at least one of vitamin a, vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, vitamin D3, and vitamin B12.
8. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet food of claim 1, wherein the mineral is at least one of monocalcium phosphate, zinc sulfate, sodium selenite, choline chloride, and ferrous sulfate.
9. The hydrolyzed fish protein pet food of claim 1, wherein the probiotic is at least one of bacillus subtilis, bifidobacterium, lactobacillus casei, lactobacillus rhamnosus.
10. A method of preparing a hydrolysed fish protein pet food as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, comprising the steps of:
(1) Mixing and crushing fish meal, chicken meal, gluten powder, puffed corn flour, kelp powder, vinasse, carrots and orange peel in corresponding weight parts, sieving, and putting into a stirring tank for uniformly mixing to obtain a mixture;
(2) Putting the mixture into a conditioner for curing to obtain clinker;
(3) Uniformly mixing clinker, compound vitamins, linseed oil, mineral substances, salt, water, probiotics and hydrolyzed fish protein, and putting the mixture into a puffing granulator for puffing granulation to obtain puffed pellet feed;
(4) And (3) putting the expanded pellet feed into an oven for drying until the water content is not higher than 15%, cooling, bagging and sealing to obtain the hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed.
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| CN105063154A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-11-18 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for extracting collagen from fish scales |
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| CN107857806A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-03-30 | 湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所 | A kind of preparation method of sturgeon protamine and sturgeon protamine polypeptide |
| CN108421279A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of method that frequency sweep ultrasonic strengthens Subcritical Water Extraction arrowhead nutritional ingredient |
| CN109608540A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-12 | 广州华大生物科技有限公司 | A method of extracting collagen from fish scale |
| CN111631321A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-09-08 | 广州清科生物技术有限公司 | Pet cat and dog food containing fish meat zymolyte and preparation method thereof |
| CN113122603A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-16 | 福州海汇生物科技实业有限公司 | Process for preparing enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide |
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- 2022-08-08 CN CN202210942312.9A patent/CN115176896A/en active Pending
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| CN105063154A (en) * | 2015-09-21 | 2015-11-18 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for extracting collagen from fish scales |
| CN106148468A (en) * | 2016-09-20 | 2016-11-23 | 湖南农业大学 | The method that the double enzyme enzymolysis grain germ of a kind of irradiation auxiliary prepares anti-oxidation peptide |
| CN107857806A (en) * | 2017-11-15 | 2018-03-30 | 湖北省农业科学院农产品加工与核农技术研究所 | A kind of preparation method of sturgeon protamine and sturgeon protamine polypeptide |
| CN108421279A (en) * | 2018-02-27 | 2018-08-21 | 江苏大学 | A kind of method that frequency sweep ultrasonic strengthens Subcritical Water Extraction arrowhead nutritional ingredient |
| CN109608540A (en) * | 2019-01-29 | 2019-04-12 | 广州华大生物科技有限公司 | A method of extracting collagen from fish scale |
| CN111631321A (en) * | 2020-07-10 | 2020-09-08 | 广州清科生物技术有限公司 | Pet cat and dog food containing fish meat zymolyte and preparation method thereof |
| CN113122603A (en) * | 2021-04-19 | 2021-07-16 | 福州海汇生物科技实业有限公司 | Process for preparing enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide |
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