CN113122603A - Process for preparing enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide - Google Patents
Process for preparing enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide Download PDFInfo
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- CN113122603A CN113122603A CN202110416395.3A CN202110416395A CN113122603A CN 113122603 A CN113122603 A CN 113122603A CN 202110416395 A CN202110416395 A CN 202110416395A CN 113122603 A CN113122603 A CN 113122603A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/06—Preparation of peptides or proteins produced by the hydrolysis of a peptide bond, e.g. hydrolysate products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
- C07K1/14—Extraction; Separation; Purification
- C07K1/34—Extraction; Separation; Purification by filtration, ultrafiltration or reverse osmosis
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fish meal processing byproducts, in particular to a preparation process of enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide, which comprises the following steps: crushing raw materials, adjusting the pH value, performing enzymolysis, inactivating enzyme, separating and removing slag. In the preparation process, the ultrasonic waves can well break the cell wall so as to release nutrient substances and protease in the cell, the high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic waves is not coordinated with the vibration of the cell, so that the local vacuum of the surrounding environment of the cell is caused, the cell membrane generates a cavitation effect, and the cell membrane is broken, so that the extraction efficiency and the extraction speed of the protein and the functional protein peptide can be effectively improved; the air can be uniformly mixed with the solution through the diaphragm disc type microporous aerator, so that the temperature of the solution is uniform, and the enzyme activity damage caused by heat rise is inhibited; by adjusting the pH value, bacteria are inhibited, the putrefaction and odor generated in the pulping process are prevented, and the activities of protease and other biological enzymes in the raw materials can be increased.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fish meal processing byproducts, in particular to a preparation process of enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide.
Background
Fish meal is a high-protein feed raw material which is prepared by using one or more fishes as raw materials and carrying out deoiling, dehydration and crushing processing. Although fish meal is still an important animal protein additive feed so far, with the reduction of the global fish meal yield, the fish meal resource is increasingly tense, so that the search of a substitute of the fish meal in the feed becomes a problem to be solved urgently in aquaculture. A large amount of water-soluble substances in the production of fish meal are separated into a squeezing liquid after being cooked and squeezed, and the fish soluble pulp powder is a concentrated solid of the squeezing liquid processed by the fish meal and does not contain toxins and anti-nutritional ingredients in vegetable proteins. The fish soluble powder contains more biogenic amines, water-soluble proteins, taurine, highly unsaturated fatty acids and the like, and the components are regarded as special nutrient substances or bioactive substances in the fish meal, which is also the main material basis of the fish meal different from other animal and plant protein raw materials. However, the existing fish soluble slurry processing technology has some problems: for example, the cell wall is not well broken, so that the nutrient substances and the protease on the inner wall of the cell cannot be well released, and the extraction efficiency and the extraction speed of the protein and the functional protein peptide are reduced; the fish dissolving pulp is easy to decay, smell and deteriorate in the preparation process; the present invention is based on the fact that the heating is not uniform, which leads to local excess temperatures and protein denaturation.
Disclosure of Invention
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems by a process for the preparation of enzymatically hydrolyzed fish solubles and functional protein peptides.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the preparation process of the enzymolysis fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, crushing raw materials: cutting fish processing waste gas such as fishbone, fish scale, fish head and the like into small pieces, adding water into a stirrer, stirring at high speed to form paste, then carrying out ultrasonic crushing, and introducing cooling air in the ultrasonic crushing process;
step b, adjusting the pH value: b, adding hydrochloric acid accounting for 2-3% of the total amount of the raw materials obtained in the step a into the raw materials, and uniformly stirring the raw materials;
step c, enzymolysis: b, adding protease into the raw material obtained in the step b for enzymolysis and liquefaction;
step d, enzyme inactivation: heating to 90-95 ℃ by adopting microwave to inactivate protease;
step e: separating and deslagging: filtering the residue with a screen and a centrifuge, separating oil from the solution with an oil-water separator, and concentrating and refrigerating for use.
Preferably, in the step a, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 300-.
Preferably, in the step a, the ultrasonic power is set to be 300W, the crushing time is 15min, the introduced air is set to be 15-20 ℃, then the ultrasonic power is increased to be 500W, the crushing time is 15min, and the introduced air is set to be 10-15 ℃.
Preferably, in the step a, the ultrasonic crushing is performed in an ultrasonic crushing tank, and a membrane disc type microporous aerator for introducing air is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic crushing tank.
Preferably, in the step b, the pH value is 5-6, and the hydrochloric acid solubility is 90%.
Preferably, in the step c, the adding amount of the protease is 1-1.5% of the weight of the raw material slurry obtained in the step b, the protease is acid protease, peptidase and trypsin, and the mass ratio of the acid protease, the peptidase and the trypsin is 1:1, setting the temperature to be 40-45 ℃ and the liquefaction time to be 2-2.5 days.
Preferably, in the step d, the microwave heating time is 30-40 min.
Preferably, the method also comprises the step f of preparing the fish-soluble chicken feed: the fish soluble chicken feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of fish soluble pulp obtained in the step e, 1-2 parts of rhizoma polygonati polyphenol, 1-2 parts of sophora alopecuroide polysaccharide powder, 10-15 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of bean flour, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 part of limestone powder and 0.1-0.3 part of Kangling.
Preferably, the preparation process of the polygonatum sibiricum polyphenol comprises the following steps: crushing a polygonatum sibiricum raw material, sieving the crushed polygonatum sibiricum raw material with a 100m sieve to obtain refined polygonatum sibiricum powder, placing the refined polygonatum sibiricum powder in a flash extractor, and mixing the raw materials according to a feed liquid weight ratio of 1: 20, adding water, setting the extraction voltage to be 200V, taking 50% ethanol solution as an extractant, centrifuging the suspension, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 5000r/min for 15min, and concentrating to obtain the polygonatum sibiricum polyphenol concentrated solution.
Preferably, the preparation process of the sophora alopecuroide polysaccharide comprises the following steps: drying and degreasing the sophora alopecuroides, crushing and grinding the sophora alopecuroides into powder, adding 95% ethanol for soaking for 1 day, carrying out suction filtration and drying, carrying out ultrasonic extraction, centrifuging the extracting solution, carrying out evaporation and concentration, adding 5 times of 95% ethanol for soaking for 1 day, precipitating and separating out polysaccharide, and carrying out freeze drying on the polysaccharide to obtain the sophora alopecuroides polysaccharide powder.
As can be seen from the above description, the preparation process of the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects: the ultrasonic waves can well break cell walls, so that nutrient substances and protease in the cells are released, the high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic waves is not coordinated with the vibration of the cells, so that local vacuum is generated in the surrounding environment of the cells, the cell membranes generate a cavitation effect, and the cell membranes are broken, and therefore the extraction efficiency and the extraction speed of the proteins and the functional protein peptides can be effectively improved; the air can be uniformly mixed with the solution through the diaphragm disc type microporous aerator, so that the temperature of the solution is uniform, and the enzyme activity damage caused by heat rise is inhibited; by adjusting the pH value, bacteria are inhibited, the putrefaction and odor generated in the pulping process are prevented, and the activities of protease and other biological enzymes in the raw materials can be increased.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below by means of specific embodiments.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following detailed description so that the technical means, the creation features, the achievement purposes and the effects of the present invention can be easily understood.
The invention relates to a preparation process of enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide, which comprises the following steps:
step a, crushing raw materials: cutting fish processing waste gas such as fishbone, fish scale, fish head and the like into small pieces, adding water into a stirrer, stirring at high speed to form paste, then carrying out ultrasonic crushing, and introducing cooling air in the ultrasonic crushing process; the ultrasonic wave can well break the cell wall, thereby releasing nutrient substances and protease in the cell, the ultrasonic wave has strong biological effect, when the ultrasonic wave is processed, the high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic wave is not coordinated with the vibration of the cell, so that the local vacuum of the surrounding environment of the cell is caused, the cell membrane generates a cavitation effect, thereby breaking the cell membrane, and therefore, the extraction efficiency and the extraction speed of the protein and the functional protein peptide can be effectively improved.
Step b, adjusting the pH value: b, adding hydrochloric acid accounting for 2-3% of the total amount of the raw materials obtained in the step a into the raw materials, and uniformly stirring the raw materials; when the pH value is acidic, bacteria are inhibited, so that the putrefaction and odor generated in the pulping process are prevented, and the activities of protease and other biological enzymes in the raw materials can be increased.
Step c, enzymolysis: b, adding protease into the raw material obtained in the step b for enzymolysis and liquefaction;
step d, enzyme inactivation: heating to 90-95 ℃ by adopting microwave to inactivate protease; by adopting microwave heating, the integral heating is more uniform, the inactivation speed is improved, and the denaturation of nutrient substances caused by overhigh local temperature is avoided.
Step e: separating and deslagging: filtering the residue with a screen and a centrifuge, separating oil from the solution with an oil-water separator, and concentrating and refrigerating for use.
In the step a, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 300-.
In the step a, setting the ultrasonic power to be 300W, the crushing time to be 15min, setting the introduced air to be 15-20 ℃, then increasing the ultrasonic power to be 500W, and setting the introduced air to be 10-15 ℃ for the crushing time to be 15 min. As the protein release amount is increased along with the increase of the ultrasonic power and the prolongation of the crushing time, but the heat in the cells is increased at the same time, so that the enzyme activity is damaged, the enzyme activity damage caused by the heat increase is inhibited by introducing cooling air while the ultrasonic power is increased.
In the step a, ultrasonic crushing is carried out in an ultrasonic crushing tank, and a diaphragm disc type microporous aerator for introducing air is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic crushing tank. The membrane disc type microporous aerator can uniformly mix air with the solution, so that the temperature of the solution is uniform.
In the step b, the pH value is 5-6, and the hydrochloric acid solubility is 90%.
In the step c, the adding amount of protease is 1-1.5% of the weight of the raw material slurry obtained in the step b, the protease is acid protease, peptidase and trypsin, and the mass ratio of the acid protease, the peptidase and the trypsin is 1:1, setting the temperature to be 40-45 ℃ and the liquefaction time to be 2-2.5 days.
In the step d, the microwave heating time is 30-40 min.
Further comprising the step f of preparing the fish-soluble chicken feed: the fish soluble chicken feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of fish soluble pulp obtained in the step e, 1-2 parts of rhizoma polygonati polyphenol, 1-2 parts of sophora alopecuroide polysaccharide powder, 10-15 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of bean flour, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 part of limestone powder and 0.1-0.3 part of Kangling. The fish soluble paste contains more rich nutrient substances such as biogenic amine, functional protein peptide, water-soluble protein, taurine, high unsaturated fatty acid and the like, has good food calling and growth promoting effects on aquatic products and livestock and poultry breeding animals, is a good high-quality animal protein source, food calling agent and nutritional supplement, and can enhance the digestion and absorption functions and intestinal development effects of the animals, and enhance the immune function and anti-stress capability of the animals.
The preparation process of the polygonatum sibiricum polyphenol comprises the following steps: crushing a polygonatum sibiricum raw material, sieving the crushed polygonatum sibiricum raw material with a 100m sieve to obtain refined polygonatum sibiricum powder, placing the refined polygonatum sibiricum powder in a flash extractor, and mixing the raw materials according to a feed liquid weight ratio of 1: 20, adding water, setting the extraction voltage to be 200V, taking 50% ethanol solution as an extractant, centrifuging the suspension, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 5000r/min for 15min, and concentrating to obtain the polygonatum sibiricum polyphenol concentrated solution. The sealwort extract has the functions of resisting pathogenic microorganism, resisting virus, regulating immunity and oxidation resistance, and can effectively reduce the prevalence rate of poultry.
The preparation process of the sophora alopecuroide polysaccharide comprises the following steps: drying and degreasing the sophora alopecuroides, crushing and grinding the sophora alopecuroides into powder, adding 95% ethanol for soaking for 1 day, carrying out suction filtration and drying, carrying out ultrasonic extraction, centrifuging the extracting solution, carrying out evaporation and concentration, adding 5 times of 95% ethanol for soaking for 1 day, precipitating and separating out polysaccharide, and carrying out freeze drying on the polysaccharide to obtain the sophora alopecuroides polysaccharide powder. The sophora alopecuroide polysaccharide has the biological activity functions of resisting bacteria, diminishing inflammation, enhancing immunity and the like, and can also effectively reduce the prevalence rate of poultry.
The above description is only a few specific embodiments of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by the design concept should fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The preparation process of the enzymolysis fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step a, crushing raw materials: cutting fish processing waste gas such as fishbone, fish scale, fish head and the like into small pieces, adding water into a stirrer, stirring at high speed to form paste, then carrying out ultrasonic crushing, and introducing cooling air in the ultrasonic crushing process;
step b, adjusting the pH value: b, adding hydrochloric acid accounting for 2-3% of the total amount of the raw materials obtained in the step a into the raw materials, and uniformly stirring the raw materials;
step c, enzymolysis: b, adding protease into the raw material obtained in the step b for enzymolysis and liquefaction;
step d, enzyme inactivation: heating to 90-95 ℃ by adopting microwave to inactivate protease;
step e: separating and deslagging: filtering the residue with a screen and a centrifuge, separating oil from the solution with an oil-water separator, and concentrating and refrigerating for use.
2. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: in the step a, the power of the ultrasonic wave is 300-.
3. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: in the step a, setting the ultrasonic power to be 300W, the crushing time to be 15min, setting the introduced air to be 15-20 ℃, then increasing the ultrasonic power to be 500W, and setting the introduced air to be 10-15 ℃ for the crushing time to be 15 min.
4. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: in the step a, ultrasonic crushing is carried out in an ultrasonic crushing tank, and a diaphragm disc type microporous aerator for introducing air is arranged at the bottom of the ultrasonic crushing tank.
5. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: in the step b, the pH value is 5-6, and the hydrochloric acid solubility is 90%.
6. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: in the step c, the adding amount of protease is 1-1.5% of the weight of the raw material slurry obtained in the step b, the protease is acid protease, peptidase and trypsin, and the mass ratio of the acid protease, the peptidase and the trypsin is 1:1, setting the temperature to be 40-45 ℃ and the liquefaction time to be 2-2.5 days.
7. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: in the step d, the microwave heating time is 30-40 min.
8. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: further comprising the step f of preparing the fish-soluble chicken feed: the fish soluble chicken feed comprises the following raw material components in parts by weight: 4-5 parts of fish soluble pulp obtained in the step e, 1-2 parts of rhizoma polygonati polyphenol, 1-2 parts of sophora alopecuroide polysaccharide powder, 10-15 parts of fish meal, 10-15 parts of bean flour, 15-20 parts of corn flour, 0.1-0.3 part of limestone powder and 0.1-0.3 part of Kangling.
9. The process according to claim 8, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: the preparation process of the polygonatum sibiricum polyphenol comprises the following steps: crushing a polygonatum sibiricum raw material, sieving the crushed polygonatum sibiricum raw material with a 100m sieve to obtain refined polygonatum sibiricum powder, placing the refined polygonatum sibiricum powder in a flash extractor, and mixing the raw materials according to a feed liquid weight ratio of 1: 20, adding water, setting the extraction voltage to be 200V, taking 50% ethanol solution as an extractant, centrifuging the suspension, centrifuging at the rotation speed of 5000r/min for 15min, and concentrating to obtain the polygonatum sibiricum polyphenol concentrated solution.
10. The process according to claim 1, wherein the enzymatic fish soluble paste and the functional protein peptide are prepared by the following steps: the preparation process of the sophora alopecuroide polysaccharide comprises the following steps: drying and degreasing the sophora alopecuroides, crushing and grinding the sophora alopecuroides into powder, adding 95% ethanol for soaking for 1 day, carrying out suction filtration and drying, carrying out ultrasonic extraction, centrifuging the extracting solution, carrying out evaporation and concentration, adding 5 times of 95% ethanol for soaking for 1 day, precipitating and separating out polysaccharide, and carrying out freeze drying on the polysaccharide to obtain the sophora alopecuroides polysaccharide powder.
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| CN202110416395.3A CN113122603A (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Process for preparing enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide |
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| CN202110416395.3A CN113122603A (en) | 2021-04-19 | 2021-04-19 | Process for preparing enzymolysis fish soluble paste and functional protein peptide |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115176896A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-14 | 标优美生态工程镇江有限公司 | Hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN115919926A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-07 | 甘肃农业大学 | Application of sophora alopecuroide extract and composition thereof in preparing medicament for treating inflammation |
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| CN107418992A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-01 | 广东雅道生物科技有限公司 | A kind of bone peptide extracting method |
| CN109874932A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-14 | 常州市雪宜物资有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of modified fish soluble slurry protein powder |
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2021
- 2021-04-19 CN CN202110416395.3A patent/CN113122603A/en active Pending
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| CN103524637A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-22 | 上海交通大学 | Ultrasonic extraction method for sophora alopecuroide polysaccharide |
| CN107418992A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2017-12-01 | 广东雅道生物科技有限公司 | A kind of bone peptide extracting method |
| CN109874932A (en) * | 2019-03-04 | 2019-06-14 | 常州市雪宜物资有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of modified fish soluble slurry protein powder |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115176896A (en) * | 2022-08-08 | 2022-10-14 | 标优美生态工程镇江有限公司 | Hydrolyzed fish protein pet feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN115919926A (en) * | 2023-01-10 | 2023-04-07 | 甘肃农业大学 | Application of sophora alopecuroide extract and composition thereof in preparing medicament for treating inflammation |
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