CN115176550A - Method for improving planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using microbial fertilizer - Google Patents
Method for improving planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using microbial fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 231
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 claims description 43
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003516 soil conditioner Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000007686 potassium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000013877 carbamide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000021049 nutrient content Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000282994 Cervidae Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000194105 Paenibacillus polymyxa Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009629 microbiological culture Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000193764 Brevibacillus brevis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 12
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 6
- 235000014786 phosphorus Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 4
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000031018 biological processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003139 buffering effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940126680 traditional chinese medicines Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000193417 Brevibacillus laterosporus Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000018997 Growth Hormone Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010051696 Growth Hormone Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003851 biochemical process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033558 biomineral tissue development Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000084 colloidal system Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000122 growth hormone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving Chinese medicinal material planting soil by using a microbial fertilizer, which relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting soil improvement and aims to solve the problem that the growth effect of Chinese medicinal materials is not good because the soil is not subjected to targeted improvement in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving Chinese medicinal material planting soil by using a microbial fertilizer.
Background
The traditional Chinese medicine has a long history in China, so that the situation related to the traditional Chinese medicine is recorded since the character record exists, the traditional Chinese medicine is still the most popular traditional medical treatment mode in China until now, a large number of traditional Chinese medicines are needed in the aspect of traditional Chinese medicine treatment, various resources are rapidly reduced at present, and the sound of environmental protection is higher and higher, so that a large number of traditional Chinese medicines cannot meet the market demands only by wild picking and a large number of artificial cultivation.
The traditional Chinese medicinal materials are mainly distributed in landform types of mountainous areas, hills, plains and the like, the distribution, growth and development of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials are influenced by the altitude, the gradient, the slope direction, the landform and the like, because the landform causes the mother substances to be redistributed on the earth surface, further causes the redistribution of light, heat and water in the mother substances and the soil, and the comprehensive action of all factors causes the traditional Chinese medicinal materials to show a three-dimensional terrain combination rule of latitude, longitude and vertical terrain along with the soil.
The soil is the root of the growth of medicinal materials, the quality of the soil texture, the content of organic matters in the soil, the acid-base degree of the soil and the like can directly or indirectly influence the growth of the medicinal materials, the soil texture is the combination proportion of soil grains with different sizes in the soil, and the soil can be divided into sandy soil, loam and clay according to the combination proportion of sand, powder and clay grains. The soil types required by different traditional Chinese medicinal materials are different greatly, and general sandy loam with strong water and fertility retention, looseness and excellent granular structure can meet the growth requirements of most traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Soil organic matters are a nutrient source of traditional Chinese medicinal materials and microorganisms, are one of important signs of the quality of the soil, play a great role in improving the soil structure, improving the soil fertility, fully coordinating water, heat and gas relations, and soil moisture is an important component of the soil fertility and is the most important source of moisture required by the growth and development of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Soil pH value has great influence on soil fertility and plant growth, most of traditional Chinese medicinal materials prefer to grow in a neutral or slightly acidic or slightly alkaline threshold, so the soil pH value should be paid attention to in the cultivation of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and measures should be actively taken to regulate and control the soil pH value so as to meet the requirements of the growth and quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials.
Soil nutrients (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, trace elements, organic matters and the like) are 'grains' for the growth and development of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and are one of the necessary material conditions for creating high-quality and high-yield traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the nutrients required by the growth and development of plants are all the balance of the nutrient elements of the plants, the nutrient elements of the soil are from the soil basically except the carbon, the hydrogen and the oxygen, and the fertilization and the nutrient enrichment of the soil are important sources of the soil nutrients. Therefore, reasonable fertilization is the key of the yield level of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, high-grade fertilization is an important guarantee for the quality of the traditional Chinese medicinal material products, and when the traditional Chinese medicinal material products are produced, the growth and development rules of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials and the actual level of soil nutrition are combined, so that the soil is conditioned, roots are grown and roots are strengthened; balancing vegetative and reproductive growth; the method has the advantages of improving the uniformity of the medicinal materials, improving active ingredients, supplementing each other and applying alternately, and is an important measure for achieving high efficiency, high quality and high yield of the Chinese medicinal materials.
Chinese patent CN201711140513.2 discloses a method for improving planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of firstly carrying out land leveling and deep ploughing on a field by 150-300mm, uniformly adding 1 ton/mu of decomposed animal excrement into the field, placing for 5-8 days, spraying insecticide by using a sprayer, stirring the field once in the process of spraying Shi Shachong insecticide, placing for a week, uniformly adding a soil conditioner into the field by three times, wherein the soil conditioner is 100 kg/mu for the first time, 100 kg/mu for the second time and 80 kg/mu for the third time, and is weathered for 2-3 months at intervals, so that the traditional Chinese medicine planting can be carried out.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the prior art, the invention discloses a method for improving Chinese medicinal material planting soil by using a microbial fertilizer, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling soil of a drug field to be improved, analyzing the soil of the soil sample, summarizing and averaging analysis data, and obtaining an average fertility index of the drug field to be improved;
s2, determining a target fertility index of the medicinal field to be improved according to the growth requirement of the Chinese medicinal material variety to be planted, and calculating a fertilizer application component required in the unit volume of soil of the medicinal field to be improved according to the target fertility index and the average fertility index obtained in the step S1;
s3, preparing a microbial fertilizer according to the fertilizer application amount required in the unit volume of soil in the step S2;
s4, determining the soil turning depth of 30-80 cm according to the growth characteristics of the variety of the Chinese medicinal materials to be planted, and uniformly applying microbial fertilizer in the medicinal field in unit area according to the soil turning depth;
and S5, according to the determined soil turning depth, turning the fertilized pesticide field for multiple times to fully mix the microbial fertilizer with the soil, irrigating the fertilized pesticide field, and then covering the surface layer of the soil with an organic material.
In the step S1, the field to be improved is uniformly divided into a plurality of pieces, and 3 to 7 pieces of soil samples are randomly sampled on the surface and the section of each piece of field.
As a preferable technical scheme, the soil sample analysis comprises physical analysis and chemical analysis, the physical analysis determines the water content of soil, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil seepage speed, the soil specific gravity and the soil volume weight, the soil porosity, the soil structure and the micro-aggregates, the soil holding degree, the soil air composition and the respiration intensity, the soil temperature and the thermal conductivity and the soil bearing capacity, and the chemical analysis determines the mineral total amount, the organic matter content, the total nitrogen amount, the available nutrient content, the soil pH value, the cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable base composition of the soil sample.
The physical properties of the soil comprise soil structure and porosity, soil moisture, soil air, soil heat, soil tilth and the like, wherein the soil moisture, the soil air and the soil heat are used as the constituent elements of the soil fertility to directly influence the fertility condition of the soil, and the other physical properties influence the soil fertility condition indirectly by influencing the soil moisture, the soil air and the soil heat to restrict the activities of soil microorganisms and the conversion, existence forms, supply and the like of mineral nutrients.
The chemical properties of soil affect the chemical process, the physicochemical process, the biochemical process and the biological process in the soil, wherein the important properties include the pH value, the buffering property, the oxidation-reduction property, the adsorptivity, the surface electrochemical property, the colloid performance and the like of the soil, the formation and the development process of the soil are deeply affected, and the fertilizer retention capacity, the buffering capacity, the self-cleaning capacity, the nutrient circulation and the like of the soil are also obviously affected.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the fertility index comprises a major element index, a medium element index, a soil pH value, a volume weight and a cation exchange amount, and the target fertility index is subtracted from the average fertility index to obtain the fertilization amount required in the unit volume of soil of the drug field to be improved.
Acid soil with pH value less than 6.5, neutral soil with pH value of 6.5-7.5, and alkaline soil with pH value greater than 7.5, wherein the neutral soil with pH value is the best for Chinese medicinal material planting.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the macro-element indexes comprise organic matter content, total nitrogen content, quick-acting nitrogen content, effective phosphorus content, quick-acting potassium content and slow-acting potassium content; the medium element indexes comprise effective silicon content, effective sulfur content, effective calcium content, effective magnesium content, effective boron content, effective copper content, effective zinc content, effective manganese content, effective molybdenum content and effective iron content.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the microbial fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a microbial agent and a soil conditioner.
The inorganic fertilizer is a fertilizer composed of inorganic substances, mainly including simple-substance fertilizers and compound fertilizers such as nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, and in addition, the inorganic fertilizer also contains trace element fertilizers, has high content of nutrient components, and has the characteristics of quick fertilizer effect, convenient direct absorption and utilization by crops, remarkable yield increase and convenient application, storage and transportation.
The organic fertilizer is prepared by fermenting and decomposing by-product resources rich in organic matters, such as animal excrement or animal and plant residues, serving as main raw materials, and has the characteristics of improving soil, fertilizing soil fertility, improving soil nutrient activity, purifying soil ecological environment, guaranteeing high quality, high yield and high benefit of vegetables and the like, and is an irreplaceable fertilizer for crop cultivation.
The microbial fertilizer is also called biological fertilizer, inoculant or bacterial fertilizer, and is a fertilizer product which takes the life activity of microbes as the core and enables crops to obtain a specific fertilizer effect.
The soil conditioner has the functions of preserving soil moisture and increasing temperature, can effectively improve the soil moisture content, increase the temperature of a plough layer, advance the growth period of crops, increase the soil humidity, simultaneously improve the soil structure, coordinate the relationship among soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat and organisms, prevent water and soil loss, enhance the seepage-proofing capability of channels and inhibit the secondary salinization of soil.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the organic fertilizer comprises at least one of deer manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure and pig manure; the microbial fertilizer comprises at least two of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus brevis and paenibacillus polymyxa; the soil conditioner comprises at least one of humic acid, alkali silicate, polyacrylamide and gypsum; the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) is preserved in the common microorganism center of China general microbiological culture Collection center at 08-25 months in 2014, the No. 3 Hospital No. 1 of Xilu-Chen in the Korean area of Beijing and the preservation number of the strain is CGMCC No.9538.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the organic material is one or a mixture of a plurality of crop straws, peat soil and biological manure.
Organic matter generally refers to substances derived from life in soil, including soil microorganisms, soil animals and secretions thereof, and plant residues and plant secretions in soil, and organic matter has a mineralization effect, is decomposed into simple inorganic compounds under the biological action, has a humification effect, and forms humus while being decomposed.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the indexes of the fertilizer in the soil of the Chinese medicinal material planting field are measured by sampling the soil in blocks and randomly sampling points, the content required by the microbial fertilizer in the soil is obtained according to the nutritional requirements of the Chinese medicinal material planting, so that the preparation and application of the microbial fertilizer can be pertinently carried out, the soil is improved before the Chinese medicinal material is cultivated, the supply of nutrient elements can be increased through microorganisms during the cultivation of the Chinese medicinal material, growth hormone can be generated, the absorption and utilization of the nutrient elements by the Chinese medicinal material can be promoted, the increase of the yield of the Chinese medicinal material can be promoted by reducing plant diseases and insect pests, the content of heavy metals in the soil can be reduced, the acid environment of the soil can be improved, the soil hardening condition can be improved, and the utilization rate of the soil can be enhanced.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The invention discloses a method for improving Chinese medicinal material planting soil by using microbial fertilizer, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling soil of a drug field to be improved, analyzing the soil of the soil sample, summarizing and averaging analysis data, and obtaining an average fertility index of the drug field to be improved;
s2, determining a target fertility index of the medicinal field to be improved according to the growth requirement of the Chinese medicinal material variety to be planted, and calculating a fertilizer application component required in the unit volume of soil of the medicinal field to be improved according to the target fertility index and the average fertility index obtained in the step S1;
s3, preparing a microbial fertilizer according to the fertilizer application amount required in the unit volume of soil in the step S2;
s4, determining the soil turning depth of 30cm according to the growth characteristics of the Chinese medicinal material variety to be planted, and uniformly applying microbial fertilizer in the medicinal field in unit area according to the soil turning depth;
and S5, according to the determined soil turning depth, turning the fertilized pesticide field for multiple times to fully mix the microbial fertilizer with the soil, irrigating the fertilized pesticide field, and then covering the surface layer of the soil with an organic material.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the field to be improved is uniformly divided into a plurality of pieces, and 3 pieces of soil samples are randomly taken from the surface and the cross section of each piece of field.
As a preferable technical scheme, the soil sample analysis comprises physical analysis and chemical analysis, the physical analysis determines the water content of soil, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil seepage speed, the soil specific gravity and the soil volume weight, the soil porosity, the soil structure and the micro-aggregates, the soil holding degree, the soil air composition and the respiration intensity, the soil temperature and the thermal conductivity and the soil bearing capacity, and the chemical analysis determines the mineral total amount, the organic matter content, the total nitrogen amount, the available nutrient content, the soil pH value, the cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable base composition of the soil sample.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the fertility index comprises a major element index, a medium element index, a soil pH value, a volume weight and a cation exchange amount, and the target fertility index is subtracted from the average fertility index to obtain the fertilization amount required in the unit volume of soil of the drug field to be improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the macro-element indexes comprise organic matter content, total nitrogen content, quick-acting nitrogen content, effective phosphorus content, quick-acting potassium content and slow-acting potassium content; the medium element indexes comprise effective silicon content, effective sulfur content, effective calcium content, effective magnesium content, effective boron content, effective copper content, effective zinc content, effective manganese content, effective molybdenum content and effective iron content.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the microbial fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a microbial agent and a soil conditioner.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the organic fertilizer is a mixture of sheep manure and deer manure; the microbial fertilizer is a mixture of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis and bacillus licheniformis; the soil conditioner is a mixture of polyacrylamide and gypsum; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preserved in the common microorganism center of China general microbiological culture Collection center at 25.08.2014, the No. 3 Hospital of Xilu No. 1 on the North Chen of the Chaoyang district in Beijing, and the strain preservation number is CGMCC No.9538.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the organic material is one or a mixture of a plurality of crop straws, peat soil and biological manure.
Example 2
The invention discloses a method for improving Chinese medicinal material planting soil by using microbial fertilizer, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling soil of a drug field to be improved, analyzing the soil of the soil sample, summarizing and averaging analysis data, and obtaining an average fertility index of the drug field to be improved;
s2, determining a target fertility index of the medicinal field to be improved according to the growth requirement of the Chinese medicinal material variety to be planted, and calculating a fertilizer application component required in the unit volume of soil of the medicinal field to be improved according to the target fertility index and the average fertility index obtained in the step S1;
s3, preparing a microbial fertilizer according to the fertilizer application amount required in the unit volume of soil in the step S2;
s4, determining the soil turning depth of 80cm according to the growth characteristics of the Chinese medicinal material variety to be planted, and uniformly applying microbial fertilizer in the medicinal field in unit area according to the soil turning depth;
and S5, according to the determined soil turning depth, turning the fertilized pesticide field for multiple times to fully mix the microbial fertilizer with the soil, irrigating the fertilized pesticide field, and then covering the surface layer of the soil with an organic material.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the field to be improved is uniformly divided into a plurality of pieces, and 7 pieces of soil samples are randomly taken from the surface and the cross section of each piece of field.
As a preferable technical scheme, the soil sample analysis comprises physical analysis and chemical analysis, the physical analysis determines the water content of soil, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil seepage speed, the soil specific gravity and the soil volume weight, the soil porosity, the soil structure and the micro-aggregates, the soil holding degree, the soil air composition and the respiration intensity, the soil temperature and the thermal conductivity and the soil bearing capacity, and the chemical analysis determines the mineral total amount, the organic matter content, the total nitrogen amount, the available nutrient content, the soil pH value, the cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable base composition of the soil sample.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the fertility index comprises a major element index, a medium element index, a soil pH value, a volume weight and a cation exchange capacity, and the target fertility index is subtracted from the average fertility index to obtain the fertilization component required in the soil in unit volume of the drug field to be improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the macro-element indexes comprise organic matter content, total nitrogen content, quick-acting nitrogen content, effective phosphorus content, quick-acting potassium content and slow-acting potassium content; the medium element indexes comprise effective silicon content, effective sulfur content, effective calcium content, effective magnesium content, effective boron content, effective copper content, effective zinc content, effective manganese content, effective molybdenum content and effective iron content.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the microbial fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a microbial agent and a soil conditioner.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the organic fertilizer is chicken manure and pig manure; the microbial fertilizer is a mixture of bacillus subtilis, bacillus brevis and paenibacillus polymyxa; the soil conditioner is a mixture of humic acid and alkali silicate.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the organic matter material is the mixture of crop straws and peat soil.
Example 3
The invention discloses a method for improving Chinese medicinal material planting soil by using microbial fertilizer, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
s1, sampling soil of a drug field to be improved, analyzing the soil of the soil sample, summarizing and averaging analysis data, and obtaining an average fertility index of the drug field to be improved;
s2, determining a target fertility index of the medicinal field to be improved according to the growth requirement of the Chinese medicinal material variety to be planted, and calculating a fertilizer application component required in the soil of the unit volume of the medicinal field to be improved according to the target fertility index and the average fertility index obtained in the step S1;
s3, preparing a microbial fertilizer according to the fertilizer application amount required in the unit volume of soil in the step S2;
s4, determining the soil turning depth of 50cm according to the growth characteristics of the Chinese medicinal material variety to be planted, and uniformly applying microbial fertilizer in the medicinal field in unit area according to the soil turning depth;
and S5, according to the determined soil turning depth, turning the fertilized pesticide field for multiple times to fully mix the microbial fertilizer with the soil, irrigating the fertilized pesticide field, and then covering the surface layer of the soil with an organic material.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step S1, the field to be improved is uniformly divided into a plurality of pieces, and 5 pieces of soil samples are randomly sampled from the surface and the cross section of each piece of field.
As a preferable technical scheme, the soil sample analysis comprises physical analysis and chemical analysis, the physical analysis determines the water content of soil, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil seepage speed, the soil specific gravity and the soil volume weight, the soil porosity, the soil structure and the micro-aggregates, the soil holding degree, the soil air composition and the respiration intensity, the soil temperature and the thermal conductivity and the soil bearing capacity, and the chemical analysis determines the mineral total amount, the organic matter content, the total nitrogen amount, the available nutrient content, the soil pH value, the cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable base composition of the soil sample.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the fertility index comprises a major element index, a medium element index, a soil pH value, a volume weight and a cation exchange amount, and the target fertility index is subtracted from the average fertility index to obtain the fertilization amount required in the unit volume of soil of the drug field to be improved.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the macro-element indexes comprise organic matter content, total nitrogen content, quick-acting nitrogen content, effective phosphorus content, quick-acting potassium content and slow-acting potassium content; the medium element indexes comprise effective silicon content, effective sulfur content, effective calcium content, effective magnesium content, effective boron content, effective copper content, effective zinc content, effective manganese content, effective molybdenum content and effective iron content.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the microbial fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a microbial agent and a soil conditioner.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the organic fertilizer is a mixture of chicken manure, sheep manure, deer manure and pig manure; the microbial fertilizer contains a mixture of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, brevibacillus laterosporus and paenibacillus polymyxa; the soil conditioner is a mixture of humic acid, alkali silicate, polyacrylamide and gypsum; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preserved in the common microorganism center of China general microbiological culture Collection center at 08-25 months in 2014, the No. 3 Hospital No. 1 of West Chen in the morning area of Beijing city, and the strain preservation number is CGMCC No.9538.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the organic material is a mixture of crop straws, peat soil and biological manure.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the specific embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes and modifications without inventive changes may be made within the knowledge of those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using microbial fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, sampling soil of a drug field to be improved, analyzing the soil of the soil sample, summarizing and averaging analysis data, and obtaining an average fertility index of the drug field to be improved;
s2, determining a target fertility index of the medicinal field to be improved according to the growth requirement of the Chinese medicinal material variety to be planted, and calculating a fertilizer application component required in the unit volume of soil of the medicinal field to be improved according to the target fertility index and the average fertility index obtained in the step S1;
s3, preparing a microbial fertilizer according to the fertilizer application amount required in the unit volume of soil in the step S2;
s4, determining the soil turning depth of 30-80 cm according to the growth characteristics of the variety of the Chinese medicinal materials to be planted, and uniformly applying microbial fertilizer in the medicinal field in unit area according to the soil turning depth;
and S5, according to the determined soil turning depth, turning the fertilized pesticide field for multiple times to fully mix the microbial fertilizer with the soil, irrigating the fertilized pesticide field, and then covering the surface layer of the soil with an organic material.
2. The method for improving the planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using the microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step S1, the medicinal field to be improved is evenly divided into a plurality of field blocks, and 3-7 parts of soil samples are randomly taken from the surface and the section of each field block.
3. The method for improving the planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using the microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the soil sample analysis comprises physical analysis and chemical analysis, wherein the physical analysis is used for measuring the water content, the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, the soil seepage speed, the soil specific gravity and the soil volume weight, the soil porosity, the soil structure and micro-aggregates, the soil holding degree, the soil air composition and respiratory strength, the soil temperature and thermal conductivity and the soil bearing capacity, and the chemical analysis is used for measuring the mineral total amount, the organic matter content, the total nitrogen amount, the available nutrient content, the soil pH value, the cation exchange capacity and the exchangeable base composition of the soil sample.
4. The method for improving the planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using the microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the fertility indexes comprise major element indexes, secondary element indexes, the pH value of the soil, the volume weight and the cation exchange capacity, and the target fertility index is subtracted from the average fertility index to obtain the fertilization component required in the unit volume of the soil of the drug field to be improved.
5. The method for improving the planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using the microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the macroelement indexes comprise organic matter content, total nitrogen content, quick-acting nitrogen content, effective phosphorus content, quick-acting potassium content and slow-acting potassium content; the medium element indexes comprise effective silicon content, effective sulfur content, effective calcium content, effective magnesium content, effective boron content, effective copper content, effective zinc content, effective manganese content, effective molybdenum content and effective iron content.
6. The method for improving the planting soil of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using the microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the microbial fertilizer comprises an inorganic fertilizer, an organic fertilizer, a microbial agent and a soil conditioner.
7. The method for improving the planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using the microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the inorganic fertilizer comprises urea, ammonium chloride, potassium chloride, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the organic fertilizer comprises at least one of deer manure, chicken manure, sheep manure, cow manure and pig manure; the microbial fertilizer comprises at least two of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus subtilis, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus brevis and paenibacillus polymyxa; the soil conditioner comprises at least one of humic acid, alkali silicate, polyacrylamide and gypsum; the bacillus amyloliquefaciens is preserved in the common microorganism center of China general microbiological culture Collection center at 08-25 months in 2014, the No. 3 Hospital No. 1 of West Chen in the morning area of Beijing city, and the strain preservation number is CGMCC No.9538.
8. The method for improving the planting soil of traditional Chinese medicinal materials by using the microbial fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that: the organic material is one or a mixture of a plurality of crop straws, peat soil and biological manure.
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| US5501973A (en) * | 1992-08-07 | 1996-03-26 | Mayfield; Thomas B. | Treatment for contaminated material |
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