CN115164088B - Hydrogen storage system and pressure and temperature optimization control method for rapid hydrogenation process of hydrogen storage system - Google Patents
Hydrogen storage system and pressure and temperature optimization control method for rapid hydrogenation process of hydrogen storage system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 198
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 179
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 126
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000005429 filling process Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000342 Monte Carlo simulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013178 mathematical model Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/025—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the pressure as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/02—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment
- F17C13/026—Special adaptations of indicating, measuring, or monitoring equipment having the temperature as the parameter
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
- F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D1/00—Pipe-line systems
- F17D1/02—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours
- F17D1/04—Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17D—PIPE-LINE SYSTEMS; PIPE-LINES
- F17D5/00—Protection or supervision of installations
- F17D5/005—Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
- F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
- F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
- F17C2205/0323—Valves
- F17C2205/0335—Check-valves or non-return valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
- F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
- F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/043—Pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
- F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
- F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
- F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
- F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
- F17C2250/0439—Temperature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a hydrogen storage system and a pressure and temperature optimization control method for a rapid hydrogenation process of the hydrogen storage system, wherein a gas storage tank of the system is connected to a charging valve through a control valve; the charging valve is connected with the program controller through the pressure sensor, the program controller is connected with the flowmeter, the flowmeter is arranged on a gas path connected with the hydrogen distributor and the one-way valve, the one-way valve is arranged on the vehicle-mounted gas storage bottle, and the gas path connected with the hydrogen distributor and the one-way valve is also provided with a precooling system low-pressure hydrogen storage container. The invention solves the problem that the existing system can only qualitatively reflect the optimized result of valve switching and temperature optimizing control in the filling process, and achieves flexible control by quantitatively reflecting the optimized result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rapid hydrogenation, in particular to a hydrogen storage system and a pressure and temperature optimal control method for a rapid hydrogenation process of the hydrogen storage system.
Background
Hydrogen energy, which is the most promising new energy source for development, is applied to various fields in human life. The research on the hydrogen storage control strategy of the hydrogen comprehensive energy station system has important influence on the development of the automobile industry for the important application of combining the hydrogen energy with the automobile. Hydrogen fuel cell automobiles are an important direction of sustainable development of the future automobile industry, and are also one of the best strategies for solving global energy problems and greenhouse effect.
The high-pressure hydrogen storage technology is a main hydrogen storage method of the hydrogen station due to the advantages of practicality, reliability, low cost, mature technology and the like. However, in the process of rapid hydrogen filling, the rapid compression of hydrogen, the joule-thomson negative effect and the conversion of kinetic energy to heat energy can lead to the rapid temperature rise of the inner wall of the gas cylinder, so that the gas cylinder material is damaged or even fails to produce potential safety hazards, and therefore, a rapid hydrogenation control strategy needs to be researched to complete rapid, efficient and safe hydrogen filling.
Currently, existing control of a hydrogen station mainly uses a program controller, and the program controller is used for realizing the optimal control of switching of a valve and temperature in the filling process so as to minimize the filling time. The control algorithm taking the temperature and the valve pressure as constraint conditions and minimizing the filling time can only qualitatively reflect whether the control result is in a set range, and can not quantitatively reflect the optimized quantity, so that flexible control can not be performed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a hydrogen storage system and a pressure and temperature optimization control method for a rapid hydrogenation process of the hydrogen storage system, and aims to solve the problem that the existing system can only qualitatively reflect the optimized results of valve switching and temperature optimization control in the filling process and achieve flexible control by quantitatively reflecting the optimized results.
The invention solves the problems by the following technical scheme:
a hydrogen storage system, wherein a gas storage tank of the system is connected to a charging valve through a control valve; the charging valve is connected with the program controller through the pressure sensor, the program controller is connected with the flowmeter, the flowmeter is arranged on a gas path connected with the hydrogen distributor and the one-way valve, the one-way valve is arranged on the vehicle-mounted gas storage bottle, and the gas path connected with the hydrogen distributor and the one-way valve is also provided with a precooling system low-pressure hydrogen storage container.
Further, the gas storage tank comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, a medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group and a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group which are connected in parallel.
A pressure and temperature optimization control method for a rapid hydrogenation process of a hydrogen storage system comprises the following steps:
when the vehicle needs to be supplemented with hydrogen, the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group firstly carries out hydrogen filling on the vehicle-mounted hydrogen bottle, and when the pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle reaches the medium-pressure switching pressure P determined by an optimization algorithm In swit When the program controller is switched to the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, the pressure in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group reaches the high-pressure switching pressure P determined by an optimization algorithm High swit When the system is switched to the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group; finally, when the flow of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle tested by the flowmeter reaches a set value s oc When the valve of the air storage tank is cut off; and when the precooling temperature determined by the optimization algorithm is higher than the highest acceptable temperature of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle, starting a low-pressure hydrogen storage container of the precooling system to control the temperature so that the temperature in the final vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle is within the highest acceptable temperature of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle.
Further, the optimization algorithm process is as follows:
step one, respectively obtaining precooling energy consumption W (x) of a low-pressure hydrogen storage container of a precooling system, hydrogen filling time t (x) of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle and a set value s of flow of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle oc ；
Step two, precooling energy consumption W (x), hydrogen filling time t (x) and flow set value s oc Inputting the pre-cooling energy consumption W (x), the hydrogen filling time t (x) minimum value and the set value s of the flow rate to a multi-target optimization model, and converting the multi-target optimization model into a single-target model to finally obtain the pre-cooling energy consumption W (x) oc The maximum value of (2) is the optimized parameter pair X; optimizing parameter pair X by pressure switching coefficient P sc And pre-cooling temperature;
step three, the pressure switching coefficient P obtained in step two sc With the current hydrogen storage bottle group pressure level P sto The product is the switching pressure value P swit 。
Further, the single-target model is:
min W(x)
wherein W (x) is precooling energy consumption, S OC To optimize the final state of the target hydrogen cylinder, t (x) is the hydrogen filling time epsilon 1 For the minimum value, epsilon, that can be obtained by the hydrogen filling time 2 In order to optimize the best state finally achieved by the target hydrogen cylinder, X is a control variable, and X is the value range of the control variable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention uses an improved particle swarm algorithm to establish a multi-objective optimization model, and provides a pressure and temperature multi-objective optimization control algorithm for a rapid hydrogenation process of a hydrogen storage system. The algorithm controls the value and the temperature of the pressure switching point according to the feedback hydrogenation speed, and minimizes the hydrogenation time. The algorithm adopts Monte Carlo simulation and scene subtraction technology to treat uncertainty caused by temperature difference inside and outside the equipment. Taking the pressure switching point and the precooling temperature as optimization parameters, and taking the energy consumption value, the filling time and the hydrogen S of the refrigerator system OC The value is used as an optimization target, a multi-target optimization model is established, an improved particle swarm algorithm is provided for global optimization in consideration of the discreteness of optimization parameters, and the strategy can effectively reduce precooling energy consumption in the filling process and improve hydrogen S OC And (3) value, realizing rapid hydrogenation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cascaded hydrogen filling system;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a cascaded hydrogen filling system;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an optimization algorithm;
the marks in the figure: the device comprises a gas storage tank 1, a gas charging valve 2, a gas charging valve 3, a pressure sensor 4, a hydrogen distributor 5, a flowmeter 6, a one-way valve 7, a vehicle-mounted gas storage bottle 8, a program controller 9 and a low-pressure hydrogen storage container of a precooling system.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below with reference to the drawings accompanying the specification.
At present, the research on the rapid filling of hydrogen only focuses on the research on temperature rise mechanism and energy consumption analysis, and the research on the control strategy in the actual filling process is less. Considering a III-type vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle with a research object of 35MPa of a multi-stage hydrogen storage type hydrogen adding station, the influence of pressure switching coefficients among different pressure grades and hydrogen precooling temperature on the hydrogenation process is researched. Taking cooling energy consumption, filling time and a hydrogen cylinder Soc as optimization targets, and establishing a multi-target optimization model, so that the hydrogen cylinder can be rapidly filled with the lowest working energy consumption under the condition of no initial condition.
In view of the energy consumption and hydrogen utilization rate of hydrogen compression, hydrogen storage systems of hydrogen stations generally adopt cascade storage systems, which are generally composed of hydrogen storage bottle groups with 3 pressure levels of low, medium and high pressure. The system components of the cascade hydrogen filling system mainly comprise a high-pressure hydrogen storage system, a hydrogen cooling system, a hydrogenation machine, a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle and the like.
As shown in fig. 1, a hydrogen storage system is a multi-stage pressure gas storage tank 1 connected in parallel, the gas storage tank 1 comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, a medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group and a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group and the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group which are connected in parallel form a cascade type hydrogen storage system, and the cascade type hydrogen storage system is respectively connected to an inflation valve 2 through a control valve v1 (a low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group control valve), a control valve v2 (a medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group control valve) and a control valve v3 (a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group control valve); the charging valve 2 acquires the hydrogen pressure value P of the current hydrogen storage bottle group in real time through the pressure sensor 3 sto And is fed back to the program controller 8, the program controller 8 is connected with the flowmeter 5, the flowmeter 5 is arranged on a gas path connected with the hydrogen distributor 4 and the one-way valve 6, and the one-way valve 6 is arranged on the vehicle-mounted gas storage bottle 7. The flowmeter 5 acquires the hydrogen flow of the vehicle-mounted gas cylinder 7 in real time so as to judge whether the hydrogen flow of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder 7 reaches a set value s or not oc 。
The gas path connected with the hydrogen distributor 4 and the one-way valve 6 is also provided with a low-pressure hydrogen storage container 9 of a precooling system. The flow meter 5 connects the measured value to the program controller 8 through a signal line by measuring a measurement point between the hydrogen dispenser 4 and the check valve 6, and the program controller 8 connects the control valves v1, v2, v3 of the low, medium, and high pressure hydrogen storage vessels, respectively, through the signal line.
As shown in fig. 2, in the pressure and temperature optimization control method for the rapid hydrogenation process of the hydrogen storage system, when the vehicle needs to be supplemented with hydrogen, the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group firstly carries out hydrogen filling on the vehicle-mounted hydrogen bottle 7, when the pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle reaches a preset switching pressure level, the system is switched to the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, and finally is switched to the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group; and determining whether the precooling system needs to work in the whole filling process according to the actual working conditions.
The pressure switching point and precooling temperature optimization control method for the rapid hydrogenation process of the multistage hydrogen storage system comprises the following steps:
when the vehicle needs to be supplemented with hydrogen, the vehicle-mounted hydrogen bottle 7 is filled with hydrogen by the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, the current hydrogen storage bottle group is the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, and when the pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle reaches the pressure value P determined by an optimization algorithm, the pressure value P is switched swit At this time, the pressure value P is switched swit Then is the medium-pressure switching pressure P In swit The program controller 8 switches to the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group; at this time, the current hydrogen storage bottle group is a medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, and the pressure in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group reaches the switching pressure value P determined by an optimization algorithm swit At this time, the pressure value P is switched swit Then the high pressure is switched to the pressure P High swit The system is switched to a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group; and finally, when the flow of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle 7 tested by the flowmeter 5 reaches a set value, cutting off a valve of the gas storage tank 1.
Specifically, the first vehicle is hydrogenated and inflated, the program controller 8 controls the valve 2 to be opened, v1 is opened to inflate by using the air storage tank of the low-pressure group, and when the pressure in the vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder reaches the preset switching pressure P In swit In the present study, the pressure switching point is set to be variable according to the working conditions, and the filling time can be effectively shortened by setting an appropriate pressure switching point.
Meanwhile, when the pre-cooling temperature of the current hydrogen storage bottle group is determined to be higher than the highest acceptable temperature of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle through an optimization algorithm, the low-pressure hydrogen storage container 9 of the pre-cooling system is started to control the temperature, so that the temperature in the final vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle 7 is within the highest acceptable temperature of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle.
The optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively obtaining precooling energy consumption W (x), hydrogen filling time t (x) and a set value s of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder 7 of a low-pressure hydrogen storage container 9 of a precooling system oc ；
The conservation of energy of the heat exchanger is shown in the following formula.
Q C ＝Δhm
Δh＝h sto -h cooling
Q in C For cooling requirement, Δh is enthalpy difference before and after hydrogen refrigeration under unit flow, m is mass, h sto Current enthalpy value of hydrogen, h cooling Enthalpy value consumed during cooling.
The energy consumption value required by the refrigerating unit can be determined from the following formula, wherein C op Is the coefficient of performance of the refrigeration equipment.
W＝Q C /C op
The hydrogen filling time t (x) is obtained by the ratio of the hydrogenation amount to the flow of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder 7.
Wherein the flow measured by the flowmeter 5 reaches a set value s oc The method comprises the following steps: when the pressure in the vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder 7 reaches the target pressure (35 MPa) or the temperature of the inner wall of the cylinder is higher than 358K, stopping hydrogen filling. The hydrogen State (SOC) after the completion of filling is defined as the ratio of the mass of hydrogen at the end of filling to the mass of hydrogen that can be stored in the vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder 7 in the hydrogen state of 288K/35MPa, as shown in the following formula.
Wherein m is c Is the hydrogen mass ρ g Is the hydrogen density V C Is the volume of hydrogen.
Step two, precooling energy consumption W (x), hydrogen filling time t (x) and flow set value s oc Inputting the pre-cooling energy consumption W (x), the hydrogen filling time t (x) minimum value and the set value s of the flow rate to a multi-target optimization model, and converting the multi-target optimization model into a single-target model to finally obtain the pre-cooling energy consumption W (x) oc Is the most significant of (3)A large-value optimization parameter pair X; optimizing parameter pair X by pressure switching coefficient P sc And pre-cooling temperature;
under certain initial conditions, P is needed sc And pre-cooling temperature to calculate actual cooling energy consumption, hydrogenation time and S OC . In order to control the final temperature in the on-board hydrogen storage bottle within an acceptable range, pre-cooling of the hydrogen gas with a pre-cooling system low pressure hydrogen storage vessel 9 is required before the gas enters the hydrogen bottle. The refrigeration capacity requirement of the hydrogen needs to be calculated in the multi-objective optimization model, so that the refrigeration requirement, the hydrogenation time and S are calculated OC To optimize the objective. With P sc And establishing a multi-objective optimization model by taking the precooling temperature as an optimization parameter pair X, wherein the mathematical model is shown in the following formula.
min[W(x),t(x),-S oc (x)]
s.t.x∈X
Wherein W (x) and t (x) respectively represent precooling energy consumption and hydrogen filling time.
If the weights are set for each of the plurality of targets to optimize, the obtained result is too subjective, so that two targets are selected to be converted into constraint conditions, and the general form of the multi-target optimization model can be converted into a single-target model as shown in the following formula.
min W(x)
The optimization parameter discreteness is considered to provide an improved particle swarm algorithm for global optimization, and the strategy can effectively reduce precooling energy consumption in the filling process and improve hydrogen S OC And (3) value, realizing rapid hydrogenation.
Step three, the pressure switching coefficient P obtained in step two sc With the current hydrogen storage bottle group pressure level P sto The product is the switching pressure value P swit 。
When the switching pressure of the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group needs to be obtained, the switching pressure value P obtained by the method is obtained swit Then is the medium-pressure switching pressure P In swit When the switching pressure of the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group needs to be obtainedWhen in force, the switching pressure value P is obtained by the method swit Then the high pressure is switched to the pressure P High swit 。
Pressure switching coefficient P sc With the current hydrogen storage bottle group pressure level P sto The product of the expression is:
P SC ＝P swit /P sto
in the pressure switching coefficient P sc Defined as the switching pressure value P swit With the current hydrogen storage bottle group pressure level P sto Ratio of P sc Is an important parameter for determining filling time, and is used as an optimized control parameter for realizing quick filling.
According to the method, the influence of Fsc and hydrogen precooling temperature on the hydrogen state in the hydrogen cylinder in the filling process is researched by considering equations such as the state of actual gas and conservation of mass energy. The method can effectively reduce precooling energy consumption in the filling process, improve the hydrogen Soc value and realize quick hydrogenation.
Claims (4)
1. A pressure and temperature optimization control method for a rapid hydrogenation process of a hydrogen storage system is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the vehicle needs to be supplemented with hydrogen, the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group firstly carries out hydrogen filling on the vehicle-mounted hydrogen bottle (7), and when the pressure in the low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle reaches the medium-pressure switching pressure P determined by an optimization algorithm In swit When the pressure in the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group reaches the high-pressure switching pressure P determined by an optimization algorithm, the program controller (8) is switched to the medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group High swit When the system is switched to the high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group; finally, when the flow of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle (7) tested by the flowmeter (5) reaches a set value s oc When the valve of the air storage tank (1) is cut off; meanwhile, when the precooling temperature determined by an optimization algorithm is higher than the highest acceptable temperature of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle, the low-pressure hydrogen storage container (9) of the precooling system is opened to control the temperature so as to enable the temperature in the final vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle (7)The temperature is within the highest acceptable temperature of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle;
the optimization algorithm comprises the following steps:
step one, respectively obtaining precooling energy consumption W (x) of a low-pressure hydrogen storage container (9) of a precooling system, hydrogen filling time t (x) of a vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle (7) and a set value s of flow of the vehicle-mounted hydrogen storage bottle (7) oc ；
Step two, precooling energy consumption W (x), hydrogen filling time t (x) and flow set value s oc Inputting the pre-cooling energy consumption W (x), the hydrogen filling time t (x) minimum value and the set value s of the flow rate to a multi-target optimization model, and converting the multi-target optimization model into a single-target model to finally obtain the pre-cooling energy consumption W (x) oc The maximum value of (2) is the optimized parameter pair X; optimizing parameter pair X by pressure switching coefficient P sc And pre-cooling temperature;
step three, the pressure switching coefficient P obtained in step two sc With the current hydrogen storage bottle group pressure level P sto The product is the switching pressure value P swit 。
2. The method for optimizing control of pressure and temperature in a rapid hydrogenation process of a hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein the single-objective model is:
minW(x)
wherein W (x) is precooling energy consumption, S OC To optimize the final state of the target hydrogen cylinder, t (x) is the hydrogen filling time epsilon 1 For the minimum value, epsilon, that can be obtained by the hydrogen filling time 2 In order to optimize the best state finally achieved by the target hydrogen cylinder, X is a control variable, and X is the value range of the control variable.
3. A hydrogen storage system employing the control method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the gas storage tank (1) of the system is connected to the charging valve (2) through a control valve; the charging valve (2) is connected with the program controller (8) through the pressure sensor (3), the program controller (8) is connected with the flowmeter (5), the flowmeter (5) is arranged on a gas path connected with the hydrogen distributor (4) and the one-way valve (6), the one-way valve (6) is arranged on the vehicle-mounted gas storage bottle (7), and the precooling system low-pressure hydrogen storage container (9) is further arranged on the gas path connected with the hydrogen distributor (4) and the one-way valve (6).
4. A hydrogen storage system according to claim 3, wherein: the gas storage tank (1) comprises a low-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group, a medium-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group and a high-pressure hydrogen storage bottle group which are connected in parallel.
Priority Applications (1)
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| CN101315545A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2008-12-03 | 浙江大学 | Three-level charging-up optimizing control method and system for hydrogenation station high-efficiency hydrogenation |
| CN201218417Y (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-04-08 | 浙江大学 | Three-level charging-up optimizing control system for high-efficiency hydrogenation in hydrogenation station |
| CN111365607A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-03 | 重庆大学 | Vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder three-stage filling method based on intelligent prediction and control |
| CN111981314A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-24 | 重庆大学 | Rapid hydrogenation control method based on multi-factor target optimization algorithm |
| CN113063087A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-02 | 嘉寓氢能源科技(辽宁)有限公司 | Three-stage hydrogen filling method and system for efficient hydrogenation of hydrogenation station |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101315545A (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2008-12-03 | 浙江大学 | Three-level charging-up optimizing control method and system for hydrogenation station high-efficiency hydrogenation |
| CN201218417Y (en) * | 2008-06-27 | 2009-04-08 | 浙江大学 | Three-level charging-up optimizing control system for high-efficiency hydrogenation in hydrogenation station |
| CN111365607A (en) * | 2020-03-20 | 2020-07-03 | 重庆大学 | Vehicle-mounted hydrogen cylinder three-stage filling method based on intelligent prediction and control |
| CN111981314A (en) * | 2020-08-26 | 2020-11-24 | 重庆大学 | Rapid hydrogenation control method based on multi-factor target optimization algorithm |
| CN113063087A (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2021-07-02 | 嘉寓氢能源科技(辽宁)有限公司 | Three-stage hydrogen filling method and system for efficient hydrogenation of hydrogenation station |
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