CN210424471U - Small-scale low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a small-scale low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system, which comprises a hydrogen source, an alloy hydrogen storage system and a high-pressure hydrogen storage system; the hydrogen source is arranged at the input end of the hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen storage system, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a graded hydrogen compressor and a graded high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen pipeline is provided with a branch, an alloy hydrogen storage system is arranged on the branch, and the output end of the alloy hydrogen storage system is connected to a hydrogen compressor of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system. The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a small-scale low energy consumption ladder stores hydrogen system has set up alloy hydrogen storage system and high pressure hydrogen storage system, stores hydrogen through alloy hydrogen, high pressure and stores hydrogen storage techniques such as, carries out ladder hydrogen storage strategy, reduces hydrogen compression energy consumption, and it is redundant to reduce the system design, realizes small-scale high-efficient, stable hydrogen storage.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model is used for can regenerate energy storage, electrolytic water hydrogen manufacturing, methane reforming hydrogen manufacturing, by-product hydrogen purification energy storage, hydrogen energy field such as, specifically speaking are through cascaded series-parallel alloy hydrogen storage and the hydrogen storage system that two kinds of energy consumptions are different of high pressure hydrogen storage.
Background
Hydrogen energy is known as the "ultimate energy" in the future due to its excellent energy density, energy utilization efficiency, and cleanliness of the use process and products. However, due to the low boiling point, the flammable and explosive properties and the escape property of hydrogen, the hydrogen storage and transportation link always faces the examination of safety and high efficiency, and becomes an important restriction factor for large-scale popularization and application of hydrogen energy at present. The hydrogen storage method can be roughly divided into physical compression, liquefaction, adsorption, chemical combination and other methods, wherein the methods of alloy hydrogen storage, high-pressure hydrogen storage, liquid hydrogen storage and the like are several typical and widely applied hydrogen storage technologies. The alloy hydrogen storage utilizes the strong physical adsorption and chemical combination capacity between metals such as nickel, magnesium, rare earth elements and the like or between the alloy and hydrogen, and has the advantages of high hydrogen storage volume density and capability of realizing hydrogen charging and discharging at normal temperature and low pressure by part of alloy materials. In the places such as a hydrogen filling station, a hydrogen production station and the like, high-pressure hydrogen storage is the most widely applied hydrogen storage form, and two pressure standards of 35MPa and 70MPa are provided at present to meet the requirements of different hydrogen energy vehicles. The fixed high-pressure hydrogen storage has the advantages of low price, large storage capacity and the like, and the main energy consumption of the fixed high-pressure hydrogen storage is in a hydrogen compressor. Liquid hydrogen storage is to store hydrogen after hydrogen is liquefied by cooling to-253 ℃, is mainly applied to the field of aerospace, and is also adopted when storing and transporting hydrogen on a large scale in the United states, Japan and the like in recent years. The liquid hydrogen storage has the advantages of high hydrogen storage density and storage and transportation efficiency, is suitable for large-scale long-distance hydrogen storage and transportation requirements, and has the disadvantage of large energy consumption caused by refrigeration, which is about 1/3 of hydrogen energy. Therefore, a reasonable hydrogen storage scheme needs to be designed, not only the storage capacity, the storage density and the economy of various hydrogen storage modes need to be considered, but also the efficiency and the energy consumption in the storage process need to be optimized.
The relevant documents are as follows:
hydrogen storage technology and its energy storage application research progress [ J ] metal functional materials, 2016,1-11.
Populus guensis, Shicour, Guohao sky, et al.
Hydrogen storage systems that incorporate hydrogen production also need to be designed and planned for the continuity and stability of the hydrogen source. At present, the large-scale cheap preparation method of hydrogen mainly comprises the following steps: reforming natural gas or fossil fuel to produce hydrogen, purifying industrial by-product hydrogen to produce hydrogen, electrolyzing renewable electricity to produce hydrogen, regulating peak of thermal power plant to produce hydrogen, etc. The hydrogen sources can have the condition of large hydrogen production flow variation, such as shortage of natural gas supply in the hydrogen production by natural gas reforming, variation of purity and flow of industrial byproduct hydrogen in different production places, variation of renewable energy power generation amount along with sunlight and air volume, variation of peak load regulation of power generation load of a thermal power plant, and the like. The hydrogen source with large hydrogen production fluctuation brings pressure to the rear-end hydrogen storage system: the peak value hydrogen storage flow enlarges the rated capacity and the system redundancy of the hydrogen storage equipment, and increases the investment cost and the operation cost; meanwhile, the low-efficiency operation time of the hydrogen storage component is increased under the hydrogen storage working condition of large-amplitude and rapid load change, the operation power consumption is increased, and the hydrogen storage efficiency of the system is reduced. Therefore, aiming at a hydrogen source with large fluctuation of hydrogen production quantity, the hydrogen storage system needs to be optimized and designed, and the economical efficiency and the hydrogen storage efficiency of the system are improved.
The relevant documents are as follows:
shuhongmei, Yibaolii, electrolytic hydrogen production and hydrogen storage [ J ]. China engineering science, 2018,58-65.
Technical economic analysis of FCV hydrogen supply using the by-product hydrogen-rich gas of Shanghai industry [ J ]. environmental engineering, 2009, 304-.
Mass industrial hydrogen production process technology and economic comparison [ J ] natural gas chemical industry 2015,40,78-82.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at overcoming not enough among the prior art, providing a small-scale low energy consumption ladder hydrogen storage system, to the great hydrogen source of hydrogen production fluctuation, store up hydrogen through the alloy, high pressure stores up different hydrogen storage methods such as hydrogen, carries out cascaded series-parallel combination to realize that low energy consumption steadily stores hydrogen.
The small-scale low-energy-consumption step hydrogen storage system comprises a hydrogen source, an alloy hydrogen storage system and a high-pressure hydrogen storage system; the hydrogen source is arranged at the input end of the hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen storage system, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a graded hydrogen compressor and a graded high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen pipeline is provided with a branch, an alloy hydrogen storage system is arranged on the branch, and the output end of the alloy hydrogen storage system is connected to a hydrogen compressor of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the hydrogen source comprises a renewable electrolytic hydrogen production system, a natural gas reforming hydrogen production system and a byproduct hydrogen purification system.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the alloy hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks only filled with alloy hydrogen storage materials, and each hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the hydrogen input busbar and the hydrogen output busbar through valves.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the alloy hydrogen storage material is nickel-based alloy, magnesium-based alloy or rare earth element alloy.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the grading high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks with different pressures, the hydrogen storage tanks with different pressures are connected in series, and the hydrogen storage tanks with the same pressure are connected in parallel.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank comprises an I-type seamless all-metal hydrogen storage bottle, an II-type metal liner annularly-wound hydrogen storage bottle, an III-type metal liner fully-wound hydrogen storage bottle and an IV-type plastic liner carbon fiber fully-wound hydrogen storage bottle.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the staged hydrogen compressor of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of hydrogen compressors with different pressures.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps: the hydrogen compressor categories include reciprocating oil-free compressors and ionic liquid diaphragm compressors.
The utility model has the advantages that: the utility model discloses a small-scale low energy consumption ladder stores hydrogen system has set up alloy hydrogen storage system and high pressure hydrogen storage system, stores hydrogen through alloy hydrogen, high pressure and stores hydrogen storage techniques such as, carries out ladder hydrogen storage strategy, reduces hydrogen compression energy consumption, and it is redundant to reduce the system design, realizes small-scale high-efficient, stable hydrogen storage.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a small-scale, low-energy consumption, stepped hydrogen storage system.
FIG. 2 is a schematic control diagram of a small-scale low energy consumption hydrogen storage strategy.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the simulation results of a low-energy hydrogen storage process according to actual photovoltaic power generation-electrolytic hydrogen production as a fluctuating hydrogen source.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples. The following description of the embodiments is merely provided to aid in understanding the invention. It should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, the present invention can be further modified and modified, and such modifications and modifications also fall within the protection scope of the appended claims.
Aiming at the hydrogen quantity less than 1 ton/day, the small-scale low-energy consumption hydrogen storage strategy adopted for solving the technical problem is as follows: according to the fluctuation threshold of the hydrogen source, most of hydrogen with stable flow is selected to be directly stored at high pressure through a hydrogen compressor, and the other few hydrogen with large flow fluctuation range is stored and absorbed through an alloy hydrogen storage system and then released to the hydrogen compressor from the alloy hydrogen storage system to be stored at high pressure.
As shown in fig. 1, the small-scale low-energy consumption stepped hydrogen storage system comprises a hydrogen source, an alloy hydrogen storage system and a high-pressure hydrogen storage system; the hydrogen source is arranged at the input end of the hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen storage system, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a graded hydrogen compressor and a graded high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen pipeline is provided with a branch, an alloy hydrogen storage system is arranged on the branch, and the output end of the alloy hydrogen storage system is connected to a hydrogen compressor of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system.
The hydrogen source with large flow fluctuation comprises an electrolytic hydrogen production system with large electric energy power fluctuation, such as 'wind abandoning', 'light abandoning', 'power plant peak shaving', and the like, a reforming hydrogen production system with large natural gas flow fluctuation, a hydrogen purification system with complex byproduct hydrogen source and large flow fluctuation, and the like.
The alloy hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks filled with alloy hydrogen storage materials, and each hydrogen storage tank can control the storage and output of hydrogen through a valve and is respectively communicated with a hydrogen input busbar and a hydrogen output busbar. The alloy hydrogen storage material comprises nickel-based alloy, magnesium-based alloy, rare earth element alloy and the like, and has the common characteristics of high hydrogen charging and discharging speed, high charging and discharging cycle times, normal or low charging and discharging pressure, 0-50 ℃ charging and discharging temperature and the like, so that the alloy hydrogen storage system has good repeated hydrogen charging and discharging capacity, the energy consumption of the alloy hydrogen storage system does not change along with the flow of the charged and discharged hydrogen, and the energy consumption of the alloy hydrogen storage system is kept at a low level.
The grading high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks of 40MPa and 80MPa, the hydrogen storage tanks with different pressures are connected in series, and the hydrogen storage tanks with the same pressure are connected in parallel. The high-pressure hydrogen storage tank comprises an I-type seamless all-metal hydrogen storage bottle, an II-type metal liner annularly-wound hydrogen storage bottle, an III-type metal liner fully-wound hydrogen storage bottle and an IV-type plastic liner carbon fiber fully-wound hydrogen storage bottle.
The staged hydrogen compressor of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of 0-40 MPa and 40-80 MPa hydrogen compressors. The hydrogen compressor category includes reciprocating oil-free compressors and ionic liquid diaphragm compressors, whose compression efficiency and energy consumption increase with increasing compression load.
The utility model discloses a small-scale low energy consumption hydrogen storage strategy realizes that the whole energy consumption of system reduces, and the alloy hydrogen storage system that adopts the reversible charge-discharge hydrogen of low energy consumption carries out "the peak clipping to the fluctuating hydrogen flow by a wide margin and fills the valley for main power consumption unit-hydrogen compressor among the high pressure hydrogen storage system lasts and keeps the output interval of high load, has both reduced the dynamic energy loss that the undulant load of matching brought, has avoided the low energy consumption that the low-load operating mode brought again.
The small-scale low-energy-consumption hydrogen storage strategy is realized by ① obtaining a high-efficiency compression flow interval of the high-efficiency work of the compressor according to a power flow curve of the hydrogen compressor and setting a threshold flow for starting the hydrogen compressor, ② respectively charging and discharging hydrogen from an alloy hydrogen storage system capable of reversibly charging and discharging hydrogen with low energy consumption when the hydrogen flow value of source fluctuation is lower than or higher than the high-efficiency compression flow interval, so that the hydrogen compressor is kept to work in the high-efficiency compression flow interval as much as possible, ③ shutting down the hydrogen compressor when the hydrogen flow value of source fluctuation is lower than the threshold flow for starting the compressor, and storing the hydrogen from the hydrogen source into the alloy hydrogen storage system.
The utility model discloses a small-scale low energy consumption hydrogen storage strategy through monitoring, simulation and analysis hydrogen source, high pressure hydrogen storage and alloy hydrogen storage flow change and cumulant, can obtain to fluctuation hydrogen source low energy consumption hydrogen storage best alloy hydrogen storage capacity and hydrogen compressor compression power and flow by a wide margin, stores up the design and the equipment lectotype of hydrogen part and hydrogen compressor and provides reliable data support for the ladder stores up hydrogen system in the alloy.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for controlling a small-scale low-energy consumption stepped hydrogen storage system comprises the following steps:
1) obtaining the high-efficiency compression flow interval (Q) of the high-efficiency work of the hydrogen compressor according to the power flow curve of the hydrogen compressor1，Q2) And setting a threshold flow Q for the start of the hydrogen compressor0；
2) Adding the hydrogen flow value Q of the alloy hydrogen storage system to the hydrogen charging and discharging flow value Q of the hydrogen storage system when the source fluctuatesmResulting hydrogen compression flow value QcIn the interval of high-efficiency compressed flow (Q)1，Q2) In time, the alloy hydrogen storage system is charged and discharged with hydrogenAir flow rate value QmKeeping the same;
3) when the hydrogen compression flow rate value QcLower or higher than the efficient compression flow interval (Q)1,Q2) While, the hydrogen is made to compress the flow value Qc＝Q1(Qc<Q1) Or Qc＝Q2(Qc>Q2) Updating low-energy consumption hydrogen charging and discharging gas flow value Q of alloy hydrogen storage system capable of reversibly charging and discharging hydrogenm(Qm＝Qc-Q) such that the compressor is kept operating in the efficient compression flow interval;
4) when the hydrogen flow rate of the source fluctuation is lower than the threshold flow rate Q of the start of the hydrogen compressor0When the hydrogen compressor is started, the hydrogen compressor is shut down to enable the hydrogen compression flow value QcAll hydrogen was stored in the alloy hydrogen storage system as 0.
Example (b):
①, determining a high-efficiency compression flow interval (524.8, 656) L3/s of the high-efficiency work of a compressor according to a power flow curve of the compressor, setting a threshold flow of the compressor for starting to be 131.2L3/s, ②, when the value of the hydrogen flow (shown as a figure 3 a) of the source fluctuation is lower or higher than the high-efficiency compression flow interval, respectively charging or discharging hydrogen from an alloy hydrogen storage system capable of reversibly charging and discharging hydrogen with low energy consumption to ensure that the compressor works in the high-efficiency compression flow interval, ③, when the hydrogen flow of the source fluctuation is lower than the threshold flow of the compressor for starting, the compressor is shut down, all hydrogen is stored in the alloy hydrogen storage system, the accumulated amount of the alloy hydrogen storage system in the numerical simulation operation process is shown as a figure 3b, the initial few sunlight hydrogen production is less, hydrogen is supplied to a high-pressure system from the alloy hydrogen storage system to ensure that the compressor keeps higher work efficiency of the compressor, then the sunlight hydrogen production is increased, the hydrogen storage system can store the optimal hydrogen storage system to meet the optimal hydrogen storage flow calculated by using the optimal compression flow of the alloy compressor 656, and the optimal compression flow of the compressor 3, and the hydrogen storage system can be calculated by using the optimal compression flow rate0L3. Selecting one-week simulation data, wherein the flow rates of compressed hydrogen storage and alloy hydrogen storage are shown in figures 3c and 3d, the compressors are all kept to work in an optimal compressed flow rate interval, when the hydrogen production amount of photovoltaic power generation is small at night and the like, the compressors are kept in a non-starting state, and all hydrogen is stored in an alloy hydrogen storage system.
The utility model discloses a small-scale low energy consumption ladder hydrogen storage system to the hydrogen source that flow fluctuation is big, utilizes ladder hydrogen storage system to reduce the method of hydrogen storage energy consumption, stores up hydrogen technologies such as hydrogen, high pressure hydrogen through the alloy, carries out ladder hydrogen storage strategy, reduces the hydrogen compression energy consumption, and reduction system design is redundant, realizes the high-efficient, stable hydrogen storage of small-scale. The method and the strategy are safe, reliable, efficient, stable, economical and practical.
Claims (8)
1. A small-scale low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system is characterized in that: comprises a hydrogen source, an alloy hydrogen storage system and a high-pressure hydrogen storage system; the hydrogen source is arranged at the input end of the hydrogen pipeline, the hydrogen pipeline is connected with a high-pressure hydrogen storage system, and the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a graded hydrogen compressor and a graded high-pressure hydrogen storage tank; the hydrogen pipeline is provided with a branch, an alloy hydrogen storage system is arranged on the branch, and the output end of the alloy hydrogen storage system is connected to a hydrogen compressor of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system.
2. The small-scale, low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the hydrogen source comprises a renewable electrolytic hydrogen production system, a natural gas reforming hydrogen production system and a byproduct hydrogen purification system.
3. The small-scale, low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the alloy hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of hydrogen storage tanks only filled with alloy hydrogen storage materials, and each hydrogen storage tank is communicated with the hydrogen input busbar and the hydrogen output busbar through valves.
4. The small-scale, low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system according to claim 3, wherein: the alloy hydrogen storage material is nickel-based alloy, magnesium-based alloy or rare earth element alloy.
5. The small-scale, low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the grading high-pressure hydrogen storage tank of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks with different pressures, the hydrogen storage tanks with different pressures are connected in series, and the hydrogen storage tanks with the same pressure are connected in parallel.
6. The small-scale, low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system according to claim 5, wherein: the high-pressure hydrogen storage tank comprises an I-type seamless all-metal hydrogen storage bottle, an II-type metal liner annularly-wound hydrogen storage bottle, an III-type metal liner fully-wound hydrogen storage bottle and an IV-type plastic liner carbon fiber fully-wound hydrogen storage bottle.
7. The small-scale, low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system according to claim 1, wherein: the staged hydrogen compressor of the high-pressure hydrogen storage system comprises a plurality of hydrogen compressors with different pressures.
8. The small-scale, low-energy-consumption stepped hydrogen storage system according to claim 7, wherein: the hydrogen compressor categories include reciprocating oil-free compressors and ionic liquid diaphragm compressors.
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| CN110425416A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-08 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of small-scale low energy consumption ladder hydrogen storage system and method |
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| CN110425416A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2019-11-08 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | A kind of small-scale low energy consumption ladder hydrogen storage system and method |
| CN110425416B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2023-08-15 | 浙江浙能技术研究院有限公司 | Small-scale low-energy-consumption ladder hydrogen storage system and method |
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