CN115154558A - 一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物 - Google Patents

一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物 Download PDF

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CN115154558A
CN115154558A CN202210942192.2A CN202210942192A CN115154558A CN 115154558 A CN115154558 A CN 115154558A CN 202210942192 A CN202210942192 A CN 202210942192A CN 115154558 A CN115154558 A CN 115154558A
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compound medicine
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turkey
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CN115154558B (zh
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张家松
高娜
张大彪
赵全东
尹文金
韩铭明
徐宁
彭思博
杨炳坤
李改娟
李玲雪
柳鹏
高春山
韩晴
张莹
韩泽兵
李天爽
陈婵娟
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Jilin Fisheries Research Institute Jilin Fishery Ecological Environment And Aquatic Product Quality Supervision And Testing Center
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Abstract

一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物属于水产养殖技术领域,包括以下原料:荆芥、柴胡、贯众、合欢皮、细辛、桔梗、藿香、防风、桑叶、辛夷、芦根、白芷、苦杏仁、吴茱萸、白芍、苦地丁以及灵芝。在养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的日粮中添加本发明公开的复方药物,连续投喂5~7天,作为一个疗程,间隔15~20天,再投喂一次,连续2~3个疗程,能起到明显的抑制鳔炎病毒的作用以及抗病原微生物的效果,包括革兰氏阳性菌、变形杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及真菌都有不同程度的抑制。实验表明,食用了添加该复方药物的日粮后,对免疫功能有调节作用,尤其对肝脏具有一定的保护作用,可明显降低死亡率或延长存活时间,增重率也有显著提高。

Description

一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖技术领域,特别是涉及到一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物。
背景技术
图们雅罗鱼(Leuciscus waleckii tumensis)是鲤形目(Cypriniformes),鲤科(Cyprinidae),雅罗鱼亚科(Leuciscinae),雅罗鱼属(Leuciscus)6个种之一。在中国仅分布于图们江、绥芬河,在绥芬河已经很少见到,图们江该种群数量也在急剧减少。其肉质细腻白嫩,风味鲜美独特,历史上就是深受人们喜爱的名优品种、重要经济鱼类,市场需求量很大,前景广阔,经济价值较高。图们雅罗鱼的养殖区域广泛,在高盐碱地区也能繁殖培育。由于生态环境的变化,自然资源锐减,为了保护生物多样性,保护图们江流域特有土著鱼类资源,优化养殖品种结构,增加渔民养殖效益,实现图们雅罗鱼规模化养殖、恢复自然种群资源增殖放流所需优质苗种,需要在养殖生产过程中增加图们雅罗鱼的养殖效益,提高存活率。
图们雅罗鱼幼鱼培育过程中,经常发生影响幼鱼生长和存活率的一种疾病。病原是弹状病毒(Rhabdovirus sp.),传染性较强,引起图们雅罗鱼幼鱼发病的水温一般是15~28℃,水温超过30℃极少发病或不发病。可在病鱼所有器官内分离到病毒,不与IHNV及VHSV的抗血清中和。
患病鱼体色发黑、体重不增或增长率较低、消瘦、游动反应迟钝,部分幼鱼发病时身体失去平衡以及鱼体色变深后不久死亡,也有一部分可以存活较长时间。最显著的病变是在解剖后显示鳔发生变性、坏死、炎症,表现为鳔内膜毛细血管充血及水肿,进一步发展为鳔膜增厚、出血,病变涉及肾脏和其他内脏。可以导致病鱼死亡,死亡率高达95%~100%。
现有技术是以综合预防为主,对于患病幼鱼应用抗菌素进行养殖,如氟苯尼考。但是抗菌素不能有效控制这种疾病恶化,仅能减少继发性细菌感染造成的死亡。此类抗菌素的应用还对养殖用水造成了一定的污染。
因此现有技术当中亟需要一种新型的技术方案来解决这一问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是:提供一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物用于解决现有技术中预防图们雅罗鱼幼鱼患病的抗菌素不能有效控制这种疾病恶化,还对养殖用水形成了一定的污染的技术问题。
为了解决上述问题,本发明提出了一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物,由如下重量份的粒径在0.15mm以下的原料配制而成:荆芥9%~12%、柴胡8%~11%、贯众7%~10%、合欢皮7%~11%、细辛6%~10%、桔梗6%~8%、藿香5%~9%、防风5%~8%、桑叶4%~7%、辛夷3%~7%、芦根3%~6%、白芷3%~5%、苦杏仁2%~5%、吴茱萸2%~4%、白芍2%~5%、苦地丁2%~4%以及灵芝1%~3%。
通过上述设计方案,本发明可以带来如下有益效果:
在养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的日粮中添加本发明公开的复方药物,连续投喂5~7天,作为一个疗程,间隔15~20天,再投喂一次,连续2~3个疗程,能起到明显的抑制鳔炎病毒的作用以及抗病原微生物的效果,包括革兰氏阳性菌、变形杆菌、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌以及真菌都有不同程度的抑制。实验表明,食用了添加该复方药物的日粮后,可显著增加腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬百分数及吞噬指数,对免疫功能有调节作用,尤其能够在图们雅罗鱼感染鳔炎病毒后对肝脏具有一定的保护作用,可明显降低死亡率或延长存活时间,增重率也有显著提高。纯中药的颗粒能与日粮混合后直接被鱼类食用,不污染养殖用水。
附图说明
以下结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的说明:
图1为本发明一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物中实施例中养殖池塘的俯视结构示意图;
图2为本发明一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物中实施例中养殖池塘的侧视结构示意图。
图中,1、纳米管;2、无油润滑空气压缩机;3、排水口;4、进水口;5、暂养网箱。
具体实施方式
为了更好地了解本发明的目的、结构及功能,下面结合附图,对本发明一种养殖图们雅罗鱼的复方药物及其如何利用该复方药物进行养殖的方法做进一步详细的描述。以下结合附图和具体实施例,对本发明作进一步描述:
实施例1:
养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的池塘面积5500㎡,平均深1.5m,池塘的横截面是长方形,长、宽走向分别为:长东西走向,宽南北走向。长、宽比为2︰1。池塘的底部设置有排水口3,池塘的一侧设置有进水口4。
池塘消毒5d后,施用碳酸氢铵4.5g/㎡,过磷酸钙3g/㎡。施用碳酸氢铵和过磷酸钙的方法是用水溶解后均匀泼洒。
施用碳酸氢铵和过磷酸钙后8d,水温21℃,轮虫出现数量高峰时,将图们雅罗鱼幼鱼放入池塘进行养殖。
养殖过程中有以下症状及病原特征时:患病鱼体色暗黑、体重长时间不增或增长率较低、逐渐消瘦、游动反应迟缓缺乏灵活性,部分幼鱼发病时头重尾轻,表现为身体失去平衡以及鱼体色变深后不久死亡,也有一部分可以存活较长时间。最显著的病变是在解剖后显示鳔发生变性、坏死、炎症,表现为鳔内膜毛细血管充血及水肿,进一步发展为鳔膜增厚、出血,病变涉及肾脏和其他内脏。在病鱼器官内分离到病原是弹状病毒(Rhabdovirussp.),不与IHNV及VHSV的抗血清中和。
在池塘底部铺设U形纳米管1,纳米管1的直径为3cm,U形管间距为40cm;用无油润滑空气压缩机2充气,管内空气流量为0.2m3/hm。用于养殖水曝气,增加水中溶解氧量,并促进养殖水中有机物氧化分解。无油润滑空气压缩机2的功率为1.5KW,设置4台,保持养殖水溶解氧为6.2mg/L。
将池塘水用含有效碘4.5%的蛋氨酸碘消毒,蛋氨酸碘占池塘水浓度为0.06ml/L。
日粮饲料中加入以下复合药物,添加量为每千克鱼体9g。荆芥9%、柴胡8%、贯众7%、合欢皮7%、细辛6%、桔梗7%、藿香6%、防风6%、桑叶5%、辛夷7%、芦根6%、白芷5%、苦杏仁5%、吴茱萸4%、白芍5%、苦地丁4%、灵芝3%。连续投喂5d,作为一个疗程,间隔15d,再投喂一次,连续2个疗程。
服用上述复合药物期间,将患病鱼集中在长、宽、深分别为2m、2m、2m的暂养网箱5中进行消毒处理,具体方法是将癸甲溴铵碘溶液稀释为浓度是0.02g/m3(以癸甲溴铵计)后,在网箱内喷洒30min,每隔一天喷洒一次,共喷洒2次。消毒完成后7d,施酵母蛋白粉0.6g/m3和乳酸菌蛋白0.3g/m3
实施例2:
养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的池塘面积5700㎡,平均深1.6m,池塘的横截面是长方形,长、宽走向分别为:长东西走向,宽南北走向。长、宽比为2.5︰1。
池塘消毒6d后,施用碳酸氢铵6g/㎡,过磷酸钙4g/㎡。施用碳酸氢铵和过磷酸钙的方法是用水溶解后均匀泼洒。
施用碳酸氢铵和过磷酸钙后9d,水温23℃,轮虫出现数量高峰时,将图们雅罗鱼幼鱼放入池塘进行养殖。
养殖过程中有以下症状及病原特征:患病鱼体色暗黑、体重长时间不增或增长率较低、逐渐消瘦、游动反应迟缓缺乏灵活性,部分幼鱼发病时头重尾轻,表现为身体失去平衡以及鱼体色变深后不久死亡,也有一部分可以存活较长时间。最显著的病变是在解剖后显示鳔发生变性、坏死、炎症,表现为鳔内膜毛细血管充血及水肿,进一步发展为鳔膜增厚、出血,病变涉及肾脏和其他内脏。在病鱼器官内分离到病原是弹状病毒(Rhabdovirussp.),不与IHNV及VHSV的抗血清中和。
在池塘底部铺设U形纳米管1,纳米管1的直径为4cm,U形管间距为45cm;用无油润滑空气压缩机2充气,管内空气流量为0.9m3/hm。用于养殖水曝气,增加水中溶解氧量,并促进养殖水中有机物氧化分解。无油润滑空气压缩机2的功率为2.0KW,设置3台,保持养殖水溶解氧6.5mg/L。
将池塘水用含有效碘5%的蛋氨酸碘消毒,蛋氨酸碘占池塘水浓度为0.08ml/L。
日粮饲料中加入以下复合药物,添加量为每千克鱼体2.0g~4.5g。荆芥10%、柴胡9%、贯众8%、合欢皮8%、细辛7%、桔梗6%、藿香9%、防风8%、桑叶7%、辛夷6%、芦根5%、白芷4%、苦杏仁4%、吴茱萸3%、白芍4%、苦地丁1%、灵芝1%。连续投喂6d,作为一个疗程,间隔18d,再投喂一次,连续2个疗程。
服用上述复合药物期间,将患病鱼集中在长、宽、深分别为2m、2m、2m的暂养网箱5中进行消毒处理,具体方法是将癸甲溴铵碘溶液稀释为浓度是0.04g/m3(以癸甲溴铵计)后,在网箱内喷洒30min,每隔一天喷洒一次,连续喷洒3次。消毒完成后8d,施酵母蛋白粉0.7g/m3和乳酸菌蛋白0.4g/m3
实施例3:
养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的池塘面积7000㎡,平均深3.5m,池塘的横截面是长方形,长、宽走向分别为:长东西走向,宽南北走向。长、宽比为3︰1。
池塘消毒7d后,施用碳酸氢铵7.5g/㎡,过磷酸钙4.5g/㎡。施用碳酸氢铵和过磷酸钙的方法是用水溶解后均匀泼洒。
施用碳酸氢铵和过磷酸钙后10d,水温25℃,轮虫出现数量高峰时,将图们雅罗鱼幼鱼放入池塘进行养殖。
养殖过程中有以下症状及病原特征:患病鱼体色暗黑、体重长时间不增或增长率较低、逐渐消瘦、游动反应迟缓缺乏灵活性,部分幼鱼发病时头重尾轻,表现为身体失去平衡以及鱼体色变深后不久死亡,也有一部分可以存活较长时间。最显著的病变是在解剖后显示鳔发生变性、坏死、炎症,表现为鳔内膜毛细血管充血及水肿,进一步发展为鳔膜增厚、出血,病变涉及肾脏和其他内脏。在病鱼器官内分离到病原是弹状病毒(Rhabdovirussp.),不与IHNV及VHSV的抗血清中和。
在池塘底部铺设U形纳米管1,纳米管1的直径为5cm,U形管间距为60cm;用无油润滑空气压缩机2充气,管内空气流量为1.2m3/hm。用于养殖水曝气,增加水中溶解氧量,并促进养殖水中有机物氧化分解。无油润滑空气压缩机2的功率为3.5KW,设置2台,保持养殖水溶解氧不小于6.8mg/L。
将池塘水用含有效碘6.0%的蛋氨酸碘消毒,蛋氨酸碘占池塘水浓度为0.1ml/L。
日粮饲料中加入以下复合药物,添加量为每千克鱼体2.0g~4.5g。荆芥12%、柴胡11%、贯众10%、合欢皮11%、细辛9%、桔梗8%、藿香7%、防风7%、桑叶6%、辛夷3%、芦根3%、白芷3%、苦杏仁2%、吴茱萸2%、白芍2%、苦地丁2%、灵芝2%。连续投喂7d,作为一个疗程,间隔20d,再投喂一次,连续3个疗程。
服用上述复合药物期间,将患病鱼集中在长、宽、深分别为2m、2m、2m的暂养网箱5中进行消毒处理,具体方法是将癸甲溴铵碘溶液稀释为浓度是0.06g/m3(以癸甲溴铵计)后,在网箱内喷洒30min,每隔一天喷洒一次,连续喷洒4次。消毒完成后10d,施酵母蛋白粉0.9g/m3和乳酸菌蛋白0.6g/m3
验证效果:以本发明中的3个实施例作为实验组,在3个池塘以现有技术养殖方法作为对照组。对照组和实验组选取图们雅罗鱼规格初始平均重无显著差异,放养密度相同。养殖90d后,存活率、终末平均体重、增重率见表1。存活率和增重率分别由下式计算:
存活率=100%×存活数量/养殖总数量
增重率=100%×(终末平均体重g-初始平均体重g)/初始平均体重g
数据统计分析采用SPSS23.0软件处理,用单因素方差分析对数据进行显著性检验。所有分析取P<0.05为差异显著。
表1
组别 存活率(%) 增重率(%)
对照组1 68.42 648.19
对照组2 53.71 593.36
对照组3 57.93 632.68
实验组1 98.29 927.62
实验组2 97.74 941.74
实验组3 98.47 936.86
由表1说明,90d的养殖,3个对照组平均存活率为60.02%、增重率为624.74%;3个实验组平均存活率为98.17%、增重率为935.41%。使用本发明一种养殖图们雅罗鱼的复方药物及其方法,存活率由60.02%提高到98.17%;增重率由624.74%提高到935.41%,均显著高于对照组。
验证了本发明的养殖方法对图们雅罗鱼患有鳔炎病毒病有较好的防治效果,并有效控制了病原体在患病鱼体到健康鱼的传播。

Claims (1)

1.一种养殖图们雅罗鱼幼鱼的复方药物,其特征是:由如下重量份的粒径在0.15mm以下的原料配制而成:荆芥9%~12%、柴胡8%~11%、贯众7%~10%、合欢皮7%~11%、细辛6%~10%、桔梗6%~8%、藿香5%~9%、防风5%~8%、桑叶4%~7%、辛夷3%~7%、芦根3%~6%、白芷3%~5%、苦杏仁2%~5%、吴茱萸2%~4%、白芍2%~5%、苦地丁2%~4%以及灵芝1%~3%。
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