CN115152928B - Method for preparing brown rice powder by semi-dry method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing brown rice powder by a semi-dry method, which comprises the following steps: removing impurities, broken rice and mildewed rice in the brown rice to be processed, and then performing electron beam irradiation pretreatment to obtain pretreated brown rice; and soaking the pretreated brown rice, draining, crushing and drying to obtain brown rice powder. According to the invention, the brown rice is pretreated by electron beam irradiation, so that the components such as brown rice cortex fibers and the like are partially degraded, the diffusion of moisture in the soaking process of the brown rice is facilitated, the water absorption rate in the soaking process is improved, the soaking time is shortened, and the water consumption is reduced, so that the cortex of the brown rice is easier to crush in the subsequent semi-dry grinding process, the processing performance is better, the brown rice powder with more uniform particle size can be obtained, the efficiency and quality of preparing the brown rice powder by a semi-dry method are improved, and a foundation is provided for preparing other rice products by the subsequent brown rice powder.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brown rice processing, in particular to a method for preparing brown rice flour by a semi-dry method.
Background
Brown rice is whole grain reserved after chaff is removed, and is rich in nutrients and various active substances because germs and rice bran layers are reserved, so that the brown rice has important significance for preventing and treating human health and modern civilized diseases. Accordingly, brown rice is also listed by the U.S. FDA as a whole grain health food, advocating direct consumption, meaning that brown rice is a major direction of current and future health diet instead of rice as a staple food. Compared with polished rice, the brown rice is more suitable for the health concept of modern people, but the brown rice has the problems of poor palatability, difficult boiling and the like due to substances such as dietary fibers and the like in the brown rice cortex, so the exploration of a processing mode which can improve the edible quality of the brown rice and can also retain the nutrition of the brown rice to a large extent is very necessary.
The process for preparing the brown rice powder is similar to that of polished rice, and the main powder preparation methods at present are 3 kinds of dry grinding, wet grinding and semi-dry grinding. The dry grinding is to directly put the brown rice into a pulverizer for pulverization without any treatment; the wet grinding is that brown rice is soaked, then added into a wet mill for pulping, and then dried; semi-dry milling is a milling method between wet milling and dry milling, and brown rice is moistened or soaked and then drained, and the brown rice is put into a pulverizer to be pulverized. Because the water consumption of wet milling is large, the problem of sewage discharge exists, and the broken starch content of dry milling is high, so that the rice food has sticky taste and is poor in eating. In contrast, semi-dry milling is currently a preferred method.
The brown rice flour prepared by the semi-dry method is subjected to soaking treatment firstly, the water absorption of the brown rice is poor due to the existence of the brown rice cortex, and the long soaking time can possibly cause the growth and propagation of microorganisms and the great loss of soluble substances, so that the processing direction of the brown rice staple food is mainly carried out around how to destroy and improve the structure of the brown rice cortex or degrade substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and the like in the cortex, and the processability of the brown rice is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a method for preparing brown rice powder by a semi-dry method, which aims to improve the processing performance of brown rice.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for preparing brown rice flour by a semi-dry method, comprising the steps of:
removing impurities, broken rice and mildewed rice in the brown rice to be processed, and then performing electron beam irradiation pretreatment to obtain pretreated brown rice;
and soaking the pretreated brown rice, draining, crushing and drying to obtain brown rice powder.
Optionally, the irradiation dose of the electron beam irradiation is 1-8 kGy.
Optionally, the electron beam irradiation is performed at room temperature.
Optionally, the step of soaking the pretreated brown rice, draining, crushing and drying to obtain brown rice powder comprises the following steps:
the temperature during soaking is 5-30 ℃ and the time is 1-16 h.
Optionally, the step of soaking the pretreated brown rice, draining, crushing and drying to obtain brown rice powder comprises the following steps:
the mass ratio of the feed liquid during soaking is 1:1-10.
Optionally, the step of immersing the pretreated brown rice, draining, crushing and drying to obtain brown rice powder comprises the following steps:
and (3) soaking the pretreated brown rice, draining, crushing, and drying at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ until the water content is 7-13%, thus obtaining the brown rice powder.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the brown rice is pretreated by adopting an electron beam irradiation mode, then the brown rice powder is prepared by adopting a semi-dry method, after the electron beam irradiation treatment, the components such as the brown rice cortex fiber and the like can be partially degraded, the diffusion of moisture in the soaking process of the brown rice is facilitated, the water absorption rate in the soaking process is improved, the soaking time is shortened, and the water consumption is reduced, so that the cortex of the brown rice is easier to crush in the subsequent semi-dry grinding process, the processing performance is better, the brown rice powder with more uniform particle size can be obtained, the efficiency and the quality of preparing the brown rice powder by the semi-dry method are improved, and a foundation is provided for preparing other rice products by the subsequent brown rice powder.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a semi-dry process for preparing brown rice flour according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the results of particle size measurement of brown rice flour;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of determining the broken starch content of brown rice flour.
The achievement of the objects, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in conjunction with the embodiments.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention. In addition, the meaning of "and/or" as it appears throughout includes three parallel schemes, for example "A and/or B", including the A scheme, or the B scheme, or the scheme where A and B are satisfied simultaneously. In addition, the technical solutions of the embodiments may be combined with each other, but it is necessary to base that the technical solutions can be realized by those skilled in the art, and when the technical solutions are contradictory or cannot be realized, the combination of the technical solutions should be regarded as not exist and not within the protection scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The brown rice flour prepared by the semi-dry method is subjected to soaking treatment firstly, the water absorption of the brown rice is poor due to the existence of the brown rice cortex, and the long soaking time can possibly cause the growth and propagation of microorganisms and the great loss of soluble substances, so that the processing direction of the brown rice staple food is mainly carried out around how to destroy and improve the structure of the brown rice cortex or degrade substances such as cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and the like in the cortex, and the processability of the brown rice is improved.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for preparing brown rice powder by semi-dry method, which uses electron beam irradiation to pretreat brown rice, and fig. 1 shows an embodiment of the method for preparing brown rice powder by semi-dry method. The electron beam irradiation (Electron beam irradiation, EBI) is a novel irradiation technology, and utilizes electron beam ray flow generated by an electron accelerator to penetrate the substances to enable the substances to change physically, chemically and biologically, so that the effects of killing ova and microorganisms, deferring maturation, inhibiting germination, promoting substance conversion and the like can be achieved in agricultural product processing. The application of the electron beam irradiation method in the food processing industry at present is mainly in the aspects of food sterilization, modification, degradation of harmful substances and the like, specifically, the low-dose electron beam irradiation can effectively kill pathogenic microorganisms in chilled meat products and fruits and vegetables, and can effectively prevent food safety problems; the irradiation can change the physicochemical and biological properties of the food, wherein one part is beneficial to the storage, transportation, flavor improvement and the like of the agricultural products, and the other part has adverse effects on the mouthfeel, texture and the like of the agricultural products.
Therefore, based on the advantages and applications of the electron beam irradiation method, the inventor considers that the electron beam irradiation method can be applied to a processing process for preparing brown rice powder by a semi-dry method, and particularly referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, the method for preparing brown rice powder by the semi-dry method comprises the following steps:
s10, removing impurities, broken rice and mildewed rice in brown rice to be processed, and then performing electron beam irradiation pretreatment to obtain pretreated brown rice;
and step S20, soaking the pretreated brown rice, draining, crushing and drying to obtain brown rice powder.
Firstly, performing primary processing on brown rice to be processed, namely removing impurities, dust and broken rice and mildewed rice, and then performing electron beam irradiation pretreatment to obtain pretreated brown rice; then, the pretreated brown rice is subjected to semi-dry grinding, specifically: firstly, soaking the pretreated brown rice in water for a period of time, draining off water after soaking, crushing, and then drying to obtain the brown rice powder.
According to the technical scheme provided by the invention, the brown rice is pretreated by adopting an electron beam irradiation mode, then the brown rice powder is prepared by adopting a semi-dry method, after the electron beam irradiation treatment, the components such as the brown rice cortex fiber and the like can be partially degraded, the diffusion of moisture in the soaking process of the brown rice is facilitated, the water absorption rate in the soaking process is improved, the soaking time is shortened, and the water consumption is reduced, so that the cortex of the brown rice is easier to crush in the subsequent grinding process, the processing performance is better, the brown rice powder with more uniform particle size can be obtained, the efficiency and the quality of preparing the brown rice powder by adopting the semi-dry method are improved, the foundation is provided for preparing other rice products by adopting the follow-up brown rice powder, the environment protection is facilitated, and the application value of the brown rice powder can be improved. In addition, the adoption of electron beam irradiation has the advantages of safety, energy conservation, time saving, environmental protection, easy quality control, simple and convenient operation and convenient large-scale industrial production application.
Further, in the embodiment of the invention, the specific mode of preprocessing the brown rice by adopting the electron beam irradiation mode is as follows: placing brown rice to be treated into a vacuum bag, tiling, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice with an electron accelerator at a certain dosage rate and dose. Preferably, the irradiation dose of the electron beam irradiation is 1 to 8kGy, and may be, for example, 1kGy, 2kGy, 3kGy, 4kGy, 5kGy, 6kGy, 7kGy, 8kGy, or the like. The brown rice is pretreated by adopting an electron beam irradiation mode, and the rice starch has low sensitivity to the electron beam irradiation, so that the damage to the structure of the brown rice starch is small, the original flavor and the nutritional value of the brown rice can be kept, and the gelatinization property, the storage property and the like of the brown rice flour are not damaged.
Still further, in embodiments of the present invention, the electron beam irradiation is typically performed at room temperature, typically 20-30 ℃.
In the embodiment of the invention, the specific operation steps of semi-dry grinding the pretreated brown rice are as follows: soaking the pretreated brown rice for 1-16 h at 5-30deg.C, such as 5deg.C, 10deg.C, 15deg.C, 20deg.C, 25deg.C or 30deg.C, etc., wherein if the environmental temperature exceeds the temperature range, the environmental temperature can be regulated or the material temperature can be regulated to 5-30deg.C; the soaking time can be, for example, 1h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 6h, 8h, 10h, 12h, 14h, 16h, or the like; and then draining water, putting into a hammer type cyclone mill for crushing, and drying after crushing to obtain the brown rice powder. Further, the mass ratio of the feed liquid in the soaking process is 1:1-10, for example, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9 or 1:10, etc.
In the process of preparing brown rice powder by the semi-dry method, the drying mode is not limited, and drying modes commonly used in the field, such as forced air drying, vacuum drying, freeze drying and the like, can be selected according to actual process conditions or process requirements. In the specific embodiment of the invention, the drying treatment is preferably carried out by using a forced air drying oven, and the drying speed is high, the operation is convenient and the equipment cost is low on the premise of ensuring that the brown rice powder with good quality is obtained, and the drying temperature is preferably set to be 30-50 ℃, such as 30 ℃, 32 ℃, 36 ℃, 38 ℃, 40 ℃, 42 ℃, 44 ℃, 46 ℃, 48 ℃ or 50 ℃ and the like, and the drying is carried out until the moisture content is 7-13%.
Finally, the brown rice powder prepared by the method provided by the invention is recommended to be stored at a low temperature in a refrigerator with the temperature set to be 2-6 ℃, so that the effective storage period of the brown rice powder can be prolonged, or the storage period can be prolonged by adopting modes such as vacuum packaging and the like.
The following technical solutions of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples and drawings, and it should be understood that the following examples are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
Example 1
(1) Removing impurities, dust and broken and mildewed rice from brown rice to be processed, putting 200g of brown rice into a 140mm multiplied by 200mm vacuum bag, spreading, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice at room temperature with an electron accelerator at a dosage of 2kGy/s and a dosage of 1kGy to obtain pretreated brown rice; the energy of the accelerated electrons is 5MeV, the beam current is 20mA, and the scanning width is 1000nm;
(2) Soaking the obtained pretreated brown rice for 12 hours at 25 ℃, draining water, putting into a hammer cyclone mill for crushing, putting into a blast drying oven with the temperature set at 40 ℃ for drying until the water content is 7-13 wt%, obtaining brown rice powder, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ at low temperature.
Example 2
(1) Removing impurities, dust and broken and mildewed rice from brown rice to be processed, putting 200g of brown rice into a 140mm multiplied by 200mm vacuum bag, spreading, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice at room temperature with an electron accelerator at a dosage of 2kGy/s and a dosage of 12kGy to obtain pretreated brown rice; the energy of the accelerated electrons is 5MeV, the beam current is 20mA, and the scanning width is 1000nm;
(2) Soaking the obtained pretreated brown rice for 10 hours at 20 ℃, draining water, putting into a hammer cyclone mill for crushing, putting into a blast drying oven with the temperature set at 35 ℃ for drying until the water content is 7-13 wt%, obtaining brown rice powder, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ at low temperature.
Example 3
(1) Removing impurities, dust and broken and mildewed rice from brown rice to be processed, putting 200g of brown rice into a 140mm multiplied by 200mm vacuum bag, spreading, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice at room temperature with an electron accelerator at a dosage of 2kGy/s and a dosage of 3kGy to obtain pretreated brown rice; the energy of the accelerated electrons is 5MeV, the beam current is 20mA, and the scanning width is 1000nm;
(2) Soaking the obtained pretreated brown rice for 8 hours at 15 ℃, draining water, putting into a hammer cyclone mill for crushing, putting into a blast drying oven with the temperature set at 42 ℃ for drying until the water content is 7-13 wt%, obtaining brown rice powder, and storing in a refrigerator at 4 ℃ at low temperature.
Example 4
(1) Removing impurities, dust and broken and mildewed rice from brown rice to be processed, putting 200g of brown rice into a 140mm multiplied by 200mm vacuum bag, spreading, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice at room temperature with an electron accelerator at a dosage of 2kGy/s and a dosage of 4kGy to obtain pretreated brown rice; the energy of the accelerated electrons is 5MeV, the beam current is 20mA, and the scanning width is 1000nm;
(2) Soaking the obtained pretreated brown rice for 6 hours at the room temperature of 24 ℃ with the feed-liquid ratio of 1:2, draining water, putting into a hammer cyclone mill for crushing, putting into a blast drying oven with the temperature set at 45 ℃ for drying until the water content is 7-13 wt%, obtaining brown rice powder, and storing in a refrigerator at the low temperature of 4 ℃.
Example 5
(1) Removing impurities, dust and broken and mildewed rice from brown rice to be processed, putting 200g of brown rice into a 140mm multiplied by 200mm vacuum bag, spreading, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice at room temperature with an electron accelerator at a dosage of 2kGy/s and a dosage of 5kGy to obtain pretreated brown rice; the energy of the accelerated electrons is 5MeV, the beam current is 20mA, and the scanning width is 1000nm;
(2) Soaking the obtained pretreated brown rice for 4 hours at the temperature of 10 ℃, draining water, putting into a hammer cyclone mill for crushing, putting into a blast drying oven with the temperature of 44 ℃ for drying until the water content is 7-13 wt%, obtaining brown rice powder, and storing in a refrigerator at the low temperature of 2 ℃.
Example 6
(1) Removing impurities, dust and broken and mildewed rice from brown rice to be processed, putting 200g of brown rice into a 140mm multiplied by 200mm vacuum bag, spreading, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice at room temperature with an electron accelerator at a dosage of 2kGy/s and a dosage of 6kGy to obtain pretreated brown rice; the energy of the accelerated electrons is 5MeV, the beam current is 20mA, and the scanning width is 1000nm;
(2) Soaking the obtained pretreated brown rice for 3 hours at the temperature of 5 ℃, draining water, putting into a hammer cyclone mill for crushing, putting into a blast drying oven with the temperature set at 30 ℃ for drying until the water content is 7-13 wt%, obtaining brown rice powder, and storing in a refrigerator at the temperature of 3 ℃ at low temperature.
Example 7
(1) Removing impurities, dust and broken and mildewed rice from brown rice to be processed, putting 200g of brown rice into a 140mm multiplied by 200mm vacuum bag, spreading, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice at room temperature with an electron accelerator at a dosage of 2kGy/s and a dosage of 7kGy to obtain pretreated brown rice; the energy of the accelerated electrons is 5MeV, the beam current is 20mA, and the scanning width is 1000nm;
(2) Soaking the obtained pretreated brown rice for 2 hours at the room temperature of 30 ℃ with the feed-liquid ratio of 1:1, draining water, putting into a hammer cyclone mill for crushing, putting into a blast drying oven with the temperature set at 48 ℃ for drying until the water content is 7-13 wt%, obtaining brown rice powder, and storing in a refrigerator with the temperature of 5 ℃ at low temperature.
Example 8
(1) Removing impurities, dust and broken and mildewed rice from brown rice to be processed, putting 200g of brown rice into a 140mm multiplied by 200mm vacuum bag, spreading, filling nitrogen, packaging, and irradiating the brown rice at room temperature with an electron accelerator at a dosage of 2kGy/s and a dosage of 8kGy to obtain pretreated brown rice; the energy of the accelerated electrons is 5MeV, the beam current is 20mA, and the scanning width is 1000nm;
(2) Soaking the obtained pretreated brown rice for 1h at room temperature of 25 ℃ with the feed-liquid ratio of 1:10, draining water, putting into a hammer cyclone mill for crushing, putting into a blast drying oven with the temperature set at 50 ℃ for drying until the water content is 7-13 wt%, obtaining brown rice powder, and storing in a refrigerator at 6 ℃ at low temperature.
Performance test:
the brown rice flour prepared without electron beam irradiation was used as a comparison, and the particle size distribution and the broken starch content of the brown rice flour were tested as follows:
fig. 2 shows the measurement result of the particle size of the brown rice flour, wherein the electron beam in fig. 2 refers to the brown rice flour prepared by the semi-dry method after the electron beam irradiation treatment in the embodiment of the present invention, and the blank refers to the brown rice flour directly prepared by the semi-dry method without the electron beam irradiation treatment. As can be seen from fig. 2, the brown rice powder particle size distribution after electron beam irradiation in the present invention shows a single peak, while the brown rice powder particle size distribution without electron beam irradiation shows a double peak, probably because the rice bran layer is partially degraded and structurally changed after electron beam irradiation, and is more easily crushed during the grinding process, thereby obtaining brown rice powder with a more uniform particle size.
FIG. 3 shows the measurement results of the broken starch content of the brown rice flour (measured by using a broken starch measuring kit ZZK-K SDAM, megazyme International Ltd. Wick-low, ireland), and the electron beam in FIG. 3 refers to the brown rice flour prepared by the semi-dry method after the electron beam irradiation treatment in the embodiment of the present invention, and the blank refers to the brown rice flour directly prepared by the semi-dry method without the electron beam irradiation treatment. As can be seen from FIG. 3, the broken starch content of the brown rice flour after electron beam irradiation is slightly higher than that of the brown rice flour without electron beam irradiation, but the whole brown rice flour is still lower and is in an acceptable range, so that the requirements of basic products of the brown rice flour can be met.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but various modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for preparing brown rice flour by a semi-dry method, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
removing impurities, broken rice and mildewed rice in the brown rice to be processed, and then performing electron beam irradiation pretreatment to obtain pretreated brown rice;
soaking the pretreated brown rice, draining, and pulverizing and drying to obtain brown rice powder;
wherein: the irradiation dose of the electron beam irradiation is 1-8 kGy; the temperature during soaking is 5-30 ℃ and the time is 1-16 h; the mass ratio of the feed liquid during soaking is 1:1-10.
2. The method for preparing brown rice powder according to claim 1, wherein the electron beam irradiation is performed at room temperature.
3. The method for preparing brown rice powder according to claim 1, wherein the step of immersing the pretreated brown rice, draining, pulverizing, and drying to obtain brown rice powder comprises:
and soaking the pretreated brown rice, draining, crushing, and drying at the temperature of 30-50 ℃ until the water content is 7-13%, thus obtaining the brown rice powder.
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