CN115141555B - 可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜 - Google Patents

可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜 Download PDF

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CN115141555B
CN115141555B CN202210937575.0A CN202210937575A CN115141555B CN 115141555 B CN115141555 B CN 115141555B CN 202210937575 A CN202210937575 A CN 202210937575A CN 115141555 B CN115141555 B CN 115141555B
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曾金栋
周乐
茹正伟
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Changzhou Bbetter Film Technologies Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明属于太阳能电池技术领域，具体涉及一种可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，包括：三层夹心结构；其中所述三层夹心结构包括依次层叠的热塑层、交联层和热塑层；本发明的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜通过设置三层夹心结构，使得在晶硅组件的封装中既利用交联层具有传统交联型胶膜的抗PID性、粘接性和耐候性优良的特点，又可以通过热塑层实现在170～230℃条件下的热熔，便于与玻璃、电池片和背板等材料剥离开来，从而使得胶膜和光伏组件实现回收。

Description

可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜
技术领域
本发明属于太阳能电池技术领域，具体涉及一种可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜。
背景技术
随着人们环保意识的日益提升，以及众多国家对于化石能源燃烧气体排放限制政策的实施，使得以太阳能发电为代表的可再生能源发展迅速，尤其是近年来光伏行业在我国的迅猛发展，使得太阳能发电越来越为大众所熟知，目前，太阳能发电已经进入到平价上网年代。
光伏组件按发电材料分为晶硅组件、钙钛矿组件、碲化镉组件等。目前，绝大多数光伏组件属于晶硅光伏组件。常见的以晶硅太阳能电池作为发电核心的光伏组件的基本单元从上至下一次包括玻璃前板、封装胶膜、太阳能晶硅电池、封装胶膜、以及太阳能电池背膜五部分经高温层压而成的类三明治结构。由于高温层压导致胶膜交联成三维网状结构，当电池片失效后，无法热熔-剥离，导致胶膜和组件都难以回收利用。随着晶硅太阳能发电每年的装机容量日益扩张，组件的报废、回收、再利用等处理成为光伏产业面临的难题。于是研发一种用于晶硅组件的可剥离可回收的光伏胶膜成为了产业界的热点。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，以解决现有胶膜无法回收利用的问题。
为了解决上述技术问题，本发明提供了一种可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，包括：三层夹心结构；其中所述三层夹心结构包括依次层叠的热塑层、交联层和热塑层。
本发明的有益效果是，本发明的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜通过设置三层夹心结构，使得在晶硅组件的封装中既利用交联层具有传统交联型胶膜的抗PID性、粘接性和耐候性优良的特点，又可以通过热塑层实现在170～230℃条件下的热熔，便于与玻璃、电池片和背板等材料剥离开来，从而使得胶膜和光伏组件实现回收。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得显而易见，或者通过实施本发明而了解。
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能更明显易懂，下文特举较佳实施例，并配合所附附图，作详细说明如下。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施方式，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜的反应型紫外吸收剂的化学式结构图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合附图对本发明的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，包括：三层夹心结构；其中所述三层夹心结构包括依次层叠的热塑层、交联层和热塑层，通过设置三层夹心结构，使得在晶硅组件的封装中既利用交联层具有传统交联型胶膜的抗PID性、粘接性和耐候性优良的特点，又可以通过热塑层实现在170～230℃条件下的热熔，便于与玻璃、电池片和背板等材料剥离开来，从而使得胶膜和光伏组件实现回收。
在本实施例中，具体的，所述热塑层的厚度为30～180μm；所述交联层的厚度为50～350μm。
在本实施例中，具体的，所述热塑层包括主体树脂、增粘助剂、耐候性助剂；其中所述热塑层中各组分的质量份数为：主体树脂96～99.8份；增粘助剂0.1～2份；耐候性助剂0.1～2份。
在本实施例中，具体的，所述耐候性助剂为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和反应型紫外线吸收剂，优选地，所述反应型紫外线吸收剂为如图1所示的上海璞展实业有限公司的Chiguard R-455紫外线吸收剂，Chiguard R-455属于苯并三唑家族的反应型紫外线吸收剂，有一个专有的初级二醇结构使它像多元醇,因此是可以与异氰酸酯反应的。一旦与异氰酸酯发生反应，它就成为聚氨酯链的主干，通过异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯作为异氰酸酯固化剂与反应型紫外吸收剂反应得到大分子紫外吸收剂，使得紫外线吸收剂和胶膜更耐老化，从而提高耐候性能。
在本实施例中，具体的，所述主体树脂包括EVA、POE、POP、PE、PP、EAA、EMA、SEBS中的至少一种；所述主体树脂的熔融指数不大于5g/10min。
在本实施例中，具体的，所述交联层为EVA胶膜层和POE胶膜层中的任意一种；所述交联层包括主体树脂、交联剂、抗氧剂、硅烷偶联剂；其中所述交联层中各组分的质量份数为：主体树脂87～98份；交联剂0.25～4份；抗氧剂0.05～5份；硅烷偶联剂0.1～4份。
在本实施例中，可选的，所述主体树脂为EVA和POE中的至少一种。
在本实施例中，具体的，所述抗氧剂包括主抗氧剂和辅抗氧剂；所述主抗氧剂为β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八碳醇酯；所述辅抗氧剂为三(4-壬基酚)亚磷酸酯和/或亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯。
在本实施例中，具体的，所述交联剂包括交联固化剂和助交联剂；所述交联固化剂包括有机过氧化物和/或偶氮化合物；所述有机过氧化物包括过氧化异丙苯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化氢二异丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷、4,4-二(叔戊基过氧)戊酸正丁基酯、过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯和3,3-二(叔丁基过氧)丁酸乙酯中的一种或多种；所述助交联剂包括三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸二乙二醇酯中的一种或多种。
在本实施例中，具体的，所述硅烷偶联剂包括乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷和乙烯基三(β-甲氧基乙氧基)硅烷中的一种或多种。
实施例1
交联层配方：
主体树脂97.1份，2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷1份，三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯1份,乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷0.6份,β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八碳醇酯0.3份。
热塑层配方：
主体树脂99份，增粘助剂1份，Chiguard R-455紫外吸收剂0.5份，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯0.5份。
通过调整主体树脂熔指与交联层和热塑层的厚度，对抗PID性和可剥离温度进行检测，结果如下表1。
表1
由实施例5～9可见，随着熔融指数(190℃，2.16Kg)升高，热塑层的流动性提高，可剥离温度不断降低，但热塑层的熔指不可无限增加，需保证胶膜的稳定性。
由实施例10～18可知，在相同厚度与熔指的情况下，主体树脂的选择不同会对抗PID性能产生细微差别，但均在较低的衰减功率范围内。
实施例2
交联层厚度固定为300μm，配方为：
主体树脂POE 97.1份，2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷1份，三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯1份,乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷0.6份,β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八碳醇酯0.3份。
热塑层厚度固定为100μm，配方为：
主体树脂POE 99份，增粘助剂1份，耐候性助剂的份数见下表2。
通过调整增粘助剂和耐候性助剂的份数对胶膜黄变系数进行检测，结果如下表2。
表2
由实施例8～10可知，耐候性助剂各组分间存在必要的反应配合关系，缺乏任一种成分均会影响到胶膜的黄变系数，故不可随意替换和改变份数。
综上所述，本发明的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜通过设置三层夹心结构，使得在晶硅组件的封装中既利用交联层具有传统交联型胶膜的抗PID性、粘接性和耐候性优良的特点，又可以通过热塑层实现在170～230℃条件下的热熔，便于与玻璃、电池片和背板等材料剥离开来，从而使得胶膜和光伏组件实现回收。
以上述依据本发明的理想实施例为启示，通过上述的说明内容，相关工作人员完全可以在不偏离本项发明技术思想的范围内，进行多样的变更以及修改。本项发明的技术性范围并不局限于说明书上的内容，必须要根据权利要求范围来确定其技术性范围。

Claims (7)

1.一种可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，其特征在于，包括：
三层夹心结构；其中
所述三层夹心结构包括依次层叠的热塑层、交联层和热塑层；
所述热塑层包括主体树脂、增粘助剂、耐候性助剂；其中
所述热塑层中各组分的质量份数为：
主体树脂 96～99.8份；
增粘助剂 0.1～2份；
耐候性助剂 0.1～2份；
所述耐候性助剂为异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯和反应型紫外线吸收剂；
所述反应型紫外线吸收剂为Chiguard R-455紫外线吸收剂；
所述主体树脂包括EVA、POE、POP、PE、PP、EAA、EMA、SEBS中的至少一种；
所述主体树脂的熔融指数不大于5g/10min；
所述热塑层在170～230℃条件下实现热熔。
2.如权利要求1所述的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，其特征在于，
所述热塑层的厚度为30～180μm；
所述交联层的厚度为50～350μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，其特征在于，
所述交联层为EVA胶膜层和POE胶膜层中的任意一种；
所述交联层包括主体树脂、交联剂、抗氧剂、硅烷偶联剂；其中
所述交联层中各组分的质量份数为：
主体树脂 87～98份；
交联剂 0.25～4份；
抗氧剂 0.05～5份；
硅烷偶联剂 0.1～4份。
4.如权利要求3所述的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，其特征在于，
所述主体树脂为EVA和POE中的至少一种。
5.如权利要求3所述的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，其特征在于，
所述抗氧剂包括主抗氧剂和辅抗氧剂；
所述主抗氧剂为β-(3,5-二叔丁基-4-羟基苯基)丙酸十八碳醇酯；
所述辅抗氧剂为三(4-壬基酚)亚磷酸酯和/或亚磷酸三(2,4-二叔丁基苯基)酯。
6.如权利要求3所述的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，其特征在于，
所述交联剂包括交联固化剂和助交联剂；
所述交联固化剂包括有机过氧化物和/或偶氮化合物；
所述有机过氧化物包括过氧化异丙苯、二叔丁基过氧化物、过氧化氢二异丙苯、2,5-二甲基-2,5二叔丁基过氧化己烷、4,4-二（叔戊基过氧）戊酸正丁基酯、过氧化2-乙基己基碳酸叔丁酯和3,3-二（叔丁基过氧）丁酸乙酯中的一种或多种；
所述助交联剂包括三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯、三聚氰酸三烯丙酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸二乙二醇酯中的一种或多种。
7.如权利要求3所述的可回收可剥离的光伏胶膜，其特征在于，
所述硅烷偶联剂包括乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷、乙烯基三过氧化叔丁基硅烷、乙烯基三乙酰氧基硅烷和乙烯基三（β-甲氧基乙氧基）硅烷中的一种或多种。
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103059753A (zh) * 2012-12-25 2013-04-24 江苏鹿山光伏科技有限公司 一种聚烯烃封装胶膜及其制备方法和应用
CN107502209A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-22 杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司 一种三层结构的太阳能电池封装胶膜及制备方法
WO2019006750A1 (zh) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-10 奇钛科技股份有限公司 反应型紫外光吸收剂及其应用
CN114015365A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-08 常州汉韦聚合物有限公司 一种高可靠度光伏组件用的封装胶膜结构

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103059753A (zh) * 2012-12-25 2013-04-24 江苏鹿山光伏科技有限公司 一种聚烯烃封装胶膜及其制备方法和应用
WO2019006750A1 (zh) * 2017-07-07 2019-01-10 奇钛科技股份有限公司 反应型紫外光吸收剂及其应用
CN107502209A (zh) * 2017-09-21 2017-12-22 杭州福斯特应用材料股份有限公司 一种三层结构的太阳能电池封装胶膜及制备方法
CN114015365A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-08 常州汉韦聚合物有限公司 一种高可靠度光伏组件用的封装胶膜结构

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