CN115141158A - 一种缬沙坦的制备方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
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- PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium azide Chemical compound [Na+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] PXIPVTKHYLBLMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D257/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- C07D257/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing rings having four nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
- C07D257/04—Five-membered rings
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供一种绿色高效的缬沙坦制备方法。在非水溶性的仲醇或者叔醇中,中间体1与叠氮钠、卤化锌反应得到缬沙坦中间体2。反应结束后洗涤,收集有机相浓缩,加入非水溶性有机溶剂,加碱皂化,收集下层加酸,非水溶性有机溶剂萃取,收集有机相析晶得到异构体含量少、收率高的缬沙坦。本发明未使用胺类催化剂不会引入亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质,后处理减少高氮废水的产生,醇可以蒸馏回收,达到节能减排的目标。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种缬沙坦的制备方法,属于医药化工领域。
背景技术
缬沙坦(Valsartan,商品名为代文)是由瑞士诺华公司开发的一种治疗高血压药物,它是一种非肽类血管紧张素II(ATII)1型受体拮抗剂,其化学名称为N-戊酰基-N-[[2'-(1H-四氮唑 -5-基)[1,1'-联苯]-4-基]甲基]-L-缬氨酸,结构如下式所示。它具有降血压效果持久稳定,副作用少以及能与其它沙坦类药物联合使用等优点,上市后受到临床青睐,成为治疗高血压疾病的一线药物,在临床治疗中发挥着重要的作用。
现有缬沙坦的合成专利报道很多,其中由氰基变为四氮唑一步是合成缬沙坦的重要一环,在工业化生产中通常采用联苯氰基化合物与叠氮化合物在路易斯酸催化下进行环加成反应合成联苯四氮唑环,反应路线如下:
目前工业生产中应用较多的路易斯酸为氯化锌,溶剂为DMF,NMP,二乙二醇二甲醚等非质子极性溶剂。但是这些溶剂都是水溶性的,后处理水洗掉过量的叠氮等无机盐时这些溶剂会进入废水中,产生大量有机废水。另外使用DMF等溶剂,由于受热分解会产生二甲胺,二甲胺与叠氮钠等试剂中残留的亚硝酸根反应,会生成基毒杂质NDMA,影响人体建康。
专利KR1020100055961将中间体1在正丁醇中进行反应,但是正丁醇易与中间体1或者中间体2发生酯交换反应,并且缬沙坦中会存在异构体。专利CN112079788A将中间体1溶于甲苯中,与叠氮化合物、路易斯酸和有机胺如四甲基乙二胺等两种催化剂存在下进行四氮唑环合反应,四甲基乙二胺是潜在的亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质来源,而且也会导致高氮废水问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的提供一种绿色环保且高效的上四氮唑过程。
本发明的一方面提供了一种缬沙坦的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在非水溶性的仲醇或者叔醇中,中间体1与叠氮钠、卤化锌反应;
(2)反应结束后加水溶液洗涤,收集并浓缩有机相,加入非水溶性有机溶剂,加碱皂化,收集下层;
(3)向下层水层加酸,非水溶性有机溶剂萃取,收集有机相析晶得到缬沙坦,
合成路线如下所示:
作为优选方案:
其中步骤(1)所述仲醇或者叔醇选自:C4~C10的仲醇或者叔醇任一种或者它们的任意的混合物;进一步优选为仲戊醇、甲基异丁基甲醇。
步骤(1)所述仲醇或者叔醇的体积用量相对于每克中间体1需要0.5~10ml,优选1~4ml;
步骤(1)所述卤化锌选自:氯化锌,溴化锌,优选氯化锌;
步骤(1)所述反应温度为80~160℃;
步骤(2)所述水溶液是水、无机盐的水溶液、有机盐的水溶液。
步骤(2)或步骤(3)所述非水溶性有机溶剂是甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯;
步骤(2)所述非水溶性有机溶剂的体积用量相对于每克中间体1需要0.5~10ml,优选 2~4ml;
所述步骤(3)酸化时调节pH范围1~5。
本发明的第二个方面提供了缬沙坦中间体2的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
在非水溶性的仲醇或者叔醇中,中间体1与叠氮钠、卤化锌反应得到中间体2,合成路线如下所示:
本发明的第二方面的具体优选方案与本发明第一方面的步骤1的条件相同。
本发明所用原料均有市售。
本发明的有益技术效果:本发明的制备方法用非水溶性仲醇或者叔醇做反应溶剂,并且利用这类醇的位阻因素,防止中间体1或者中间体2发生酯交换反应的发生,可以得到异构体含量少、纯度高、收率高的缬沙坦。本发明未使用胺类催化剂不会引入亚硝胺类基因毒性杂质,后处理可以减少高氮废水的产生,并且仲醇或者叔醇可以蒸馏回收,更加绿色环保,因此本发明所涉的方法具有很好的实用价值。
具体实施方式
实例一
在三口烧瓶中依次加入41.4g中间体1和165mL仲戊醇,然后依次加入16.6g叠氮钠和14.6g氯化锌,升温至110~120℃保温反应36小时。反应结束后加入水搅拌,转料分液,去除下层水层,收集上层有机相。然后重复水洗两次。
有机相浓缩,在浓缩液中加入165mL甲苯,搅拌溶清。溶清液加入50mL30%氢氧化钠水溶液和100mL水,搅拌反应24小时。反应结束后转料分液,去除上层甲苯层。
下层缓慢滴加6N盐酸酸化至pH=1~3,酸化液中加入乙酸乙酯搅拌溶清。转料分液,水相用乙酸乙酯提取一次,合并两次有机相并用水洗涤。洗涤后的有机相除水,浓缩,析晶,过滤,烘干,得缬沙坦粗品35.5g,两步产率80.2%,HPLC纯度:99.5%。缬沙坦异构体(D-缬沙坦)含量:0.49%。
实例二
在三口烧瓶中依次加入41.4g中间体1和165mL甲基异丁基醇,然后依次加入16.6g叠氮钠和14.6g氯化锌,升温至125~130℃保温反应24小时。反应结束后加入水搅拌,转料分液,去除下层水层,收集上层有机相。然后重复水洗两次。
有机相浓缩,在浓缩液中加入165mL甲苯,搅拌溶清。溶清液加入50mL30%氢氧化钠水溶液和100mL水,搅拌反应24小时。反应结束后转料分液,去除上层甲苯层。
下层缓慢滴加6N盐酸酸化至pH=1~3,酸化液中加入乙酸乙酯搅拌溶清。转料分液,水相用乙酸乙酯提取一次,合并两次有机相并用水洗涤。洗涤后的有机相除水,浓缩,析晶,过滤,烘干,得缬沙坦粗品36.1g,两步产率81.4%,HPLC纯度:99.3%,缬沙坦异构体(D-缬沙坦)含量:0.56%。
对比实施例一:
在三口烧瓶中依次加入41.4g中间体1和195mL正丁醇,然后依次加入38.0g叠氮钠和39.8g氯化锌,升温至90~95℃保温反应42小时。将反应混合物冷却至室温,加入2000mL水,搅拌,减压蒸馏除去醇溶剂,将形成的固体产物过滤,用200mL水洗涤,干燥。
向上面得到的固体添加100mL的10N-NaOH和300mL的二氯甲烷,搅拌24小时,然后使用盐酸水溶液将pH调节至3以下。通过向分离的有机层中滴加4500mL的环己烷来形成晶体,老化3小时,然后过滤。将获得的晶体用200mL的二氯甲烷和环己烷的混合溶液洗涤,并干燥得缬沙坦粗品33.7g,两步产率76.2%,缬沙坦异构体(D-缬沙坦)含量:2.61%。
Claims (10)
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,所述仲醇或者叔醇选自:C4~C10的仲醇或者叔醇任一种醇,或者它们任意的混合物。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,所述仲醇或者叔醇是仲戊醇、甲基异丁基甲醇。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,相对于每克中间体1,仲醇或者叔醇的体积用量为0.5~10ml,优选1~4ml。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,卤化锌选自:氯化锌,溴化锌,优选氯化锌。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的制备方法,反应温度为80~160℃。
8.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,步骤(2)水溶液是水、无机盐的水溶液、有机盐的水溶液。
9.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,非水溶性有机溶剂是甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸异丙酯;相对于每克中间体1,步骤(2)非水溶性有机溶剂的体积用量0.5~10ml,优选2~4ml。
10.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法,步骤(3)酸化时调节pH范围1~5。
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