CN115125903B - Automatic irrigation and drainage method for field integrated gate based on water demand prediction - Google Patents
Automatic irrigation and drainage method for field integrated gate based on water demand prediction Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction, which comprises the steps of constructing a spatial topological relation diagram of irrigation channels based on the irrigation area range, and carrying out pipe network division management on the irrigation channels; acquiring irrigation area, planting structure, water rain condition, soil moisture content and weather monitoring and forecasting parameters of an irrigation area range, inputting a constructed crop water demand prediction model, and obtaining crop water demand in the irrigation area; acquiring a water level flow curve of the irrigation channel based on the integrated gate of the linkage irrigation channel; and combining the obtained crop water demand, the field water depth threshold value and the water level flow curve of the irrigation channel to respectively and automatically generate a field irrigation scheme and a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing according to the field irrigation scheme and the field drainage scheme. The application realizes the automatic irrigation and drainage of the integrated gate in the irrigation area by the targeted prediction of the water demand condition of crops in the irrigation area and the control of the water depth in the field.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of automatic irrigation and drainage, in particular to an automatic irrigation and drainage method of a field integrated gate based on water demand prediction.
Background
The water resource is poor, which is an extremely important environmental problem, and in the areas with lack of resource, how to reasonably perform water supply and drainage tasks on the corresponding cultivated areas. Because of the large specific gravity of agricultural water, the extensive situation exists in the irrigation management mode, so that the agricultural water is seriously wasted, the water efficiency is low, the contradiction of serious shortage of water resource supply and demand and the agricultural water waste is faced, and how to realize the water resource management and improve the agricultural water efficiency is an important way for relieving the contradiction of insufficient water resource supply and demand.
The disadvantage of the prior art is that the irrigation in the irrigation area is accurately mastered, and no accurate technical means and irrigation scheme exist so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and adopts an automatic irrigation and drainage method of a field integrated gate based on water demand prediction to solve the problems in the prior art.
The automatic irrigation and drainage method of the field integrated gate based on water demand prediction comprises the following specific steps:
constructing a space topological relation diagram of irrigation channels based on water rain, soil moisture, weather monitoring stations and irrigation area range of an integrated gate, and carrying out pipe network division management on the irrigation channels to display based on a GIS map;
acquiring irrigation area, planting structure, water rain condition, soil moisture content and weather monitoring and forecasting parameters of an irrigation area range, inputting a constructed crop water demand prediction model, and obtaining crop water demand in the irrigation area;
based on a water conservancy Internet of things platform, linkage of the integrated gate of the irrigation channel, and obtaining a water level flow curve of the irrigation channel;
and combining the obtained crop water demand, the field water depth threshold value and the water level flow curve of the irrigation channel to respectively and automatically generate a field irrigation scheme and a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing according to the field irrigation scheme and the field drainage scheme.
As a further aspect of the application: the method for constructing the space topological relation diagram of the irrigation channel based on the water rain condition, the soil moisture content, the meteorological monitoring station and the irrigation area range of the integrated gate, and carrying out pipe network division management on the irrigation channel, comprises the following specific steps of:
based on a GIS map, combining with a design diagram of irrigation channels in the irrigation area to obtain actual irrigation channels with consistent information;
meanwhile, establishing a space topological relation diagram of a main canal, a branch canal, a bucket canal, an agricultural canal, a rough canal and a station in the irrigation area range through the longitude and latitude of the water rain condition, the soil moisture content, the weather monitoring station and the integrated gate; and
and (3) carrying out pipe network division and accurate management on irrigation channels in the irrigation area according to the water and rain conditions, the soil moisture content and channels of the weather monitoring station and the integrated gate.
As a further aspect of the application: the specific steps for constructing the crop water demand prediction model comprise:
adopting a crop water demand prediction method based on Bayesian probability theory and a big data algorithm to construct a crop water demand prediction model;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the evaporation and transpiration of a reference crop, correcting the crop coefficient value according to the meteorological change characteristics of a irrigated area and crop growth test data, and calculating the crop water demand, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ET 0 ＝0.408K(T max -T min ) n (T mean +T off )R a ；
in ET 0 For reference crop water demand, mm/d; k is a conversion coefficient; t (T) max 、T min The highest and lowest air temperatures, DEG C; n is an exponential coefficient; t (T) mean Average air temperature, deg.C; t (T) off Is the temperature offset; r is R a For atmospheric top layer radiation, MJ/(m) 2 .d)。
As a further aspect of the application: the concrete method of the integrated gate of the linkage irrigation channel based on the water conservancy Internet of things platform comprises the following steps: the integrated gate is accessed to the irrigation area application system by using the water conservancy Internet of things platform, and data transmission is carried out through the MQTT protocol, so that the linkage of the integrated gate is achieved.
As a further aspect of the application: the specific steps of automatically generating the field irrigation scheme comprise:
calculated reference crop water demand ET 0 Calculating the water demand of crops in the irrigation range of a specific channel through the associated channel to obtain the irrigation water W required by the channel n ：
W n ＝ET (0,1) ×S+ET (0,2) ×S+…+ET (0,n) ×S；
Channel irrigation water quantity W based on calculation n And calculating the flow Q of the integrated gate through the set irrigation gate opening time t, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is the flow coefficient of the liquid,b is the width of the gate, m; e is the opening degree of the gate, m; g is gravity acceleration, constant 9.8m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the h is the depth of water before the gate, m.
Deducing the gate opening e by a calculation formula of the integrated gate flow, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
and (3) inputting irrigation gate opening time according to a calculation formula of the gate opening to obtain the gate opening, namely obtaining a field irrigation scheme, and automatically executing the irrigation scheme.
As a further aspect of the application: the specific steps of automatically generating the field drainage scheme comprise:
acquiring a field water depth threshold H 0 The current water depth H and the cultivated area S, the water displacement W is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
W＝(H-H 0 )×S；
based on the calculated water discharge W, calculating the integrated gate flow Q through the set water discharge opening time t, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is the flow coefficient of the liquid,b is the width of the gate, m; e is the opening degree of the gate, m; g is gravity acceleration, constant 9.8m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the h is the depth of water before the gate, m.
Deducing the gate opening e by a calculation formula of the integrated gate flow, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
and (3) inputting drainage opening time according to a calculation formula of the gate opening to obtain the gate opening, namely obtaining a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing the drainage scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following technical effects:
by adopting the technical scheme, a plurality of irrigation information of the irrigation area range is obtained, and irrigation division and treatment are carried out by combining the irrigation information. And then acquiring irrigation information in the irrigation area range, and inputting the irrigation information into the crop water demand of the constructed crop water demand prediction model. And combining the water level flow curve of the integrated gate to form a corresponding field irrigation and drainage scheme and executing the scheme. Thereby realizing the target prediction of the water demand condition of the crops in the irrigation area and the control of the water depth in the field, and realizing the automatic irrigation and drainage of the integrated gate in the irrigation area and the field. The automatic irrigation and drainage in the field is effectively realized, and the economic loss of crops caused by untimely irrigation and drainage is solved.
Drawings
The following detailed description of specific embodiments of the application refers to the accompanying drawings, in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating steps of an automatic irrigation and drainage method according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present application, a field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage method based on water prediction is implemented for a field 1# integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage of a core area 2021 of 8 months and 18 days of a test point of a certain irrigation area, and specifically includes the steps of:
constructing a space topological relation diagram of irrigation channels based on water rain, soil moisture, weather monitoring stations and irrigation area range of an integrated gate, and carrying out pipe network division management on the irrigation channels to display based on a GIS map;
based on a GIS map, combining with a design diagram of irrigation channels in the irrigation area to obtain actual irrigation channels with consistent information;
meanwhile, a space topological relation diagram of a main canal, a branch canal, a bucket canal, an agricultural canal, a rough canal and a station in the irrigation area range is established through the water rain condition, the soil moisture content, the weather monitoring station and the longitude and latitude of the integrated gate; and
and (3) carrying out pipe network division and accurate management on irrigation channels in the irrigation area according to the water and rain conditions, the soil moisture content and channels of the weather monitoring station and the integrated gate.
The irrigation area, the planting structure, the water rain condition and the soil moisture condition of the irrigation area range are obtained, and parameters of weather monitoring and forecasting are collected, wherein the irrigation area of the 1# integrated gate in the irrigation area range is 200 mu, the planting structure is rice, and fish and shrimp are cultivated in the rice field. Inputting the constructed crop water demand prediction model to obtain the crop water demand in the irrigation range; the method comprises the following specific steps:
adopting a crop water demand prediction method based on Bayesian probability theory and a big data algorithm to construct a crop water demand prediction model;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the evaporation and transpiration of a reference crop, correcting the crop coefficient value according to the meteorological change characteristics of a irrigated area and crop growth test data, and calculating the crop water demand, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ET 0 ＝0.408K(T max -T min ) n (T mean +T off )R a ；
in ET 0 For reference crop water demand, mm/d; k is a conversion coefficient, and the recommended value is 0.0023; t (T) max 、T min The highest and lowest air temperatures are 33 ℃ and 24 ℃ respectively; n is an exponential coefficient, and the recommended value is 0.5; t (T) mean The average air temperature is 28 ℃; t (T) off For the temperature offset, the recommended value is 17.8; r is R a For atmospheric top layer radiation, 30.85 MJ/(m) 2 D), calculating according to the above formula to obtain the ET of unit square 0 3.98mm/d.
Based on a water conservancy Internet of things platform, linkage of the integrated gate of the irrigation channel, and obtaining a water level flow curve of the irrigation channel;
the specific method comprises the following steps: the integrated gate is accessed to the irrigation area application system by using the water conservancy Internet of things platform, and data transmission is carried out through the MQTT protocol, so that the linkage of the integrated gate is achieved.
And combining the obtained crop water demand, the field water depth threshold value and the water level flow curve of the irrigation channel to respectively and automatically generate a field irrigation scheme and a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing according to the field irrigation scheme and the field drainage scheme.
In a specific embodiment, the specific steps of automatically generating a field irrigation scheme include:
calculated reference crop water demand ET 0 Calculating the water demand of crops in the irrigation range of a specific channel to obtain the required irrigation water W of the channel through the integrated gate associated channel n ：
W n ＝ET (0,1) ×S+ET (0,2) ×S+…+ET (0,n) ×S；
ET for medium reference crop water demand 0 The calculated value is 3.98mm/d, and the converted value is 0.00398m/d; irrigation deviceThe equivalent of the irrigation area of 200 mu is 133333m 2 According to the above method, the irrigation water quantity W required by the channel is calculated n 530m3/d.
Channel irrigation water quantity W based on calculation n And calculating the flow Q of the integrated gate through the set irrigation gate opening time t, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is the flow coefficient of the liquid,b is the width of the gate and is 0.6m; e is the opening degree of the gate, m; g is gravity acceleration, constant 9.8m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the h is the depth of water before the gate and is 0.65m.
Deducing the gate opening e by a calculation formula of the integrated gate flow, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
and (3) inputting the irrigation gate opening time t to be 1h according to a calculation formula of the gate opening, converting into 3600s, calculating to obtain the gate opening e to be 0.23m, namely obtaining the field irrigation scheme which is that the integrated gate is opened for 1 hour, setting the opening to be 0.23m, and automatically executing the irrigation scheme.
In a specific embodiment, the specific steps of automatically generating the field drainage scheme include:
because the fish and rice are symbiotic, the period is the period of jointing the rice, and the upper limit threshold value H of the water depth in the field 0 Is set to be 0.4m, the current water depth H is 0.45m, and the cultivated land area S is 133333m after conversion of 200 mu 2 The water displacement W is calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:
W＝(H-H 0 )×S；
based on the calculated water discharge W of 6667m 2 Calculating the integrated gate flow Q by setting the drainage opening time t to be 6h,the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is the flow coefficient of the liquid,b is the width of the gate and is 0.6m; e is the opening degree of the gate, m; g is gravity acceleration, constant 9.8m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the h is the depth of water before the gate and is 0.45m.
Deducing the gate opening e by a calculation formula of the integrated gate flow, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
and (3) inputting drainage opening time t into a calculation formula of the gate opening to be 6h, converting into 21600s, calculating to obtain the gate opening e to be 0.77m, namely obtaining the field drainage scheme which is that the integrated gate is opened for 10 hours, setting the opening to be 0.77m, and automatically executing the drainage scheme.
By the application of the embodiment in 2021, the annual water saving rate in the test spot area is 57.53 square, and the water saving rate is 28.88%; the annual grain yield increase per mu is 18.25kg, and the yield increase is 8%.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the application as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (4)
1. The automatic irrigation and drainage method of the field integrated gate based on water demand prediction is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
constructing a space topological relation diagram of irrigation channels based on water rain, soil moisture, weather monitoring stations and irrigation area range of an integrated gate, and carrying out pipe network division management on the irrigation channels to display based on a GIS map;
acquiring irrigation area, planting structure, water rain condition, soil moisture content and weather monitoring and forecasting parameters of an irrigation area range, inputting a constructed crop water demand prediction model, and obtaining crop water demand in the irrigation area;
the specific steps for constructing the crop water demand prediction model comprise:
adopting a crop water demand prediction method based on Bayesian probability theory and a big data algorithm to construct a crop water demand prediction model;
the method comprises the steps of obtaining the evaporation and transpiration of a reference crop, correcting the crop coefficient value according to the meteorological change characteristics of a irrigated area and crop growth test data, and calculating the crop water demand, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the application,ET 0 for reference crop water demand, mm/d;Kis a conversion coefficient;T max 、T min the highest and lowest air temperatures, DEG C; n is an exponential coefficient;T mean average air temperature, deg.C;T off is the temperature offset;R a for atmospheric top layer radiation, MJ/(m) 2 .d）；
Based on a water conservancy Internet of things platform, linkage of the integrated gate of the irrigation channel, and obtaining a water level flow curve of the irrigation channel;
combining the obtained crop water demand, the field water depth threshold value and the water level flow curve of the irrigation channel to respectively and automatically generate a field irrigation scheme and a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing according to the field irrigation scheme and the field drainage scheme;
the specific steps of automatically generating the field irrigation scheme comprise:
based on calculated reference crop water demandET 0 Calculating the water demand of crops in the irrigation range of a specific channel through the associated channel to obtain the water demandIrrigation water quantity required by channelW n ：
；
In the method, in the process of the application,the water demand of crops in the irrigation range of each channel is respectively->The cultivated land area in the irrigation range of the channel;
channel irrigation water quantity based on calculationW n Through the set irrigation gate opening timetCalculating integrated gate flowQThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the application,Qthe flow rate, m/s, of the gate is integrated;for the flow coefficient>；bFor the width of the gate,m；eis the opening degree of the gate,m；ggravitational acceleration, constant 9.8m/s 2 ；hIs the depth of water in front of the gate,m；
deducing the gate opening degree by a calculation formula of the integrated gate floweThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
and (3) inputting irrigation gate opening time according to a calculation formula of the gate opening to obtain the gate opening, namely obtaining a field irrigation scheme, and automatically executing the irrigation scheme.
2. The automatic irrigation and drainage management method of the field integrated gate based on water demand prediction according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of constructing a spatial topological relation diagram of irrigation channels and performing pipe network division management of the irrigation channels based on the water rain, soil moisture, weather monitoring stations and irrigation area range of the integrated gate and displaying based on a GIS map include:
based on a GIS map, combining with a design diagram of irrigation channels in the irrigation area to obtain actual irrigation channels with consistent information;
meanwhile, establishing a space topological relation diagram of a main canal, a branch canal, a bucket canal, an agricultural canal, a rough canal and a station in the irrigation area range through the longitude and latitude of the water rain condition, the soil moisture content, the weather monitoring station and the integrated gate; and
and (3) carrying out pipe network division and accurate management on irrigation channels in the irrigation area according to the water and rain conditions, the soil moisture content and channels of the weather monitoring station and the integrated gate.
3. The automatic irrigation and drainage method of the field integrated gate based on water demand prediction according to claim 1, wherein the concrete method of the integrated gate of the linkage irrigation channel based on the water conservancy internet of things platform is as follows: the integrated gate is accessed to the irrigation area application system by using the water conservancy Internet of things platform, and data transmission is carried out through the MQTT protocol, so that the linkage of the integrated gate is achieved.
4. The automatic irrigation and drainage method of the field integrated gate based on water demand prediction according to claim 1, wherein the specific step of automatically generating the field drainage scheme comprises the following steps:
acquiring a threshold value of the depth of fieldH 0 Current depth of waterHAnd the area of the cultivated landSCalculating the water dischargeWThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
based on a meterThe water displacement is calculatedWThrough the set drainage brake-opening time lengthtCalculating integrated gate flowQThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
in the method, in the process of the application,Qthe flow rate, m/s, of the gate is integrated;for the flow coefficient>The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the b is the width of the gate and,m；eis the opening degree of the gate,m；ggravitational acceleration, constant 9.8m/s 2 ；hIs the depth of water in front of the gate,m；
deducing the gate opening degree by a calculation formula of the integrated gate floweThe calculation formula is as follows:
；
and (3) inputting drainage opening time according to a calculation formula of the gate opening to obtain the gate opening, namely obtaining a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing the drainage scheme.
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| CN117598190B (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-04-16 | 河北省水资源研究与水利技术试验推广中心 | Reservoir branch canal irrigation control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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