CN115125903A - Automatic irrigation and drainage management method for field integrated gate based on water demand prediction - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction, which comprises the steps of constructing a space topological relation graph of an irrigation channel based on an irrigation area range, and performing networking division management on the irrigation channel; acquiring irrigation area, planting structure, collected water and rain content, soil moisture content and weather monitoring and forecasting parameters of an irrigation area range, and inputting the parameters into a constructed crop water demand forecasting model to obtain the crop water demand in the irrigation range; obtaining a water level flow curve of an irrigation channel based on an integrated gate of a linkage irrigation channel; and combining the obtained crop water demand, the field water depth threshold value and the water level flow curve of the irrigation channel, respectively and automatically generating a field irrigation scheme and a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing according to the field irrigation scheme and the field drainage scheme. The invention realizes the automatic irrigation and drainage of the integrated gate in the irrigated area by the targeted prediction of the water demand condition of crops in the irrigated area and the control of the field water depth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of automatic irrigation and drainage in fields, in particular to an automatic irrigation and drainage management method for a field integrated gate based on water demand prediction.
Background
The shortage of water resources is an extremely important environmental problem, wherein in areas with resource shortage, how to reasonably supply and drain water for corresponding cultivated land areas. The agricultural water has high specific gravity, and the irrigation management mode has extensive conditions, so that the agricultural water is seriously wasted, the water utilization efficiency is low, and how to realize the water resource management and improve the agricultural water utilization efficiency is an important way for relieving the contradiction of the serious shortage of water resource supply and demand and the agricultural water waste.
The irrigation system has the defects that the irrigation in the irrigation area range is accurately mastered, and no accurate technical means or irrigation scheme exists up to now.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and in order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts a field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction to solve the problems in the background technology.
A field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction comprises the following specific steps:
constructing a space topological relation diagram of an irrigation channel based on the water and rain content, the soil moisture content, a meteorological monitoring station and the irrigation area range of the integrated gate, performing networking division management on the irrigation channel, and displaying based on a GIS map;
acquiring irrigation area, planting structure, collected water and rain content, soil moisture content and weather monitoring and forecasting parameters of an irrigation area range, and inputting the parameters into a constructed crop water demand forecasting model to obtain the crop water demand in the irrigation range;
based on a water conservancy Internet of things platform, linking an integrated gate of an irrigation channel to obtain a water level flow curve of the irrigation channel;
and respectively and automatically generating a field irrigation scheme and a field drainage scheme according to the obtained crop water demand, the field water depth threshold value and the water level flow curve of the irrigation channel, and automatically executing according to the field irrigation scheme and the field drainage scheme.
As a further aspect of the invention: based on water and rain condition, soil moisture content, weather monitoring station to and the irrigated area scope of integration gate, construct the space topological relational graph of irrigation channel to irrigation channel pipe network divides the management, the concrete step that shows includes based on the GIS map:
based on a GIS map, combining a design drawing of irrigation channels in an irrigation area range to obtain actual irrigation channels with consistent information;
meanwhile, a space topological relation graph of main channels, branch channels, hopper channels, agricultural channels, capillary channels and stations in the irrigation area is established through the water and rain content, the soil moisture content, the weather monitoring station and the longitude and latitude of the integrated gate; and
and carrying out pipe networking division accurate management on irrigation channels in the irrigation area range according to the water and rain content, the soil moisture content, the meteorological monitoring station and the affiliated channels of the integrated gates.
As a further aspect of the invention: the concrete steps of constructing the crop water demand prediction model comprise:
establishing a crop water demand prediction model by adopting a Bayesian probability theory-based crop water demand prediction method and a big data algorithm;
obtaining the evaporation amount of a reference crop, correcting the numerical value of a crop coefficient according to the meteorological change characteristics of an irrigation area and the growth test data of the crop, and calculating the water demand of the crop, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ET 0 ＝0.408K(T max -T min ) n (T mean +T off )R a ；
in the formula, ET 0 Water demand for reference crops, mm/d; k is a conversion coefficient; t is max 、T min The highest and lowest air temperatures, DEG C; n is an exponential coefficient; t is mean Mean air temperature, DEG C; t is off Is the temperature offset; r is a MJ/(m) for atmospheric top radiation 2 .d)。
As a further aspect of the invention: the specific method of the integrated gate based on the water conservancy Internet of things platform and linked irrigation channels comprises the following steps: the integrated gate is accessed to the irrigation area application system by using a water conservancy Internet of things platform, and data transmission is carried out through an MQTT protocol, so that the linkage of the integrated gate is realized.
As a further aspect of the invention: the specific steps of automatically generating the field irrigation scheme comprise:
reference crop water demand ET obtained based on calculation 0 Calculating the crop water demand in the specific channel irrigation range through the related channels to obtain the irrigation water demand W of the channel n ：
W n ＝ET (0,1) ×S+ET (0,2) ×S+…+ET (0,n) ×S；
Channel irrigation water quantity W obtained based on calculation n Calculating the flow Q of the integrated gate according to the set irrigation gate opening time t, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is the integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is a flow coefficient of the gas flow,
b is the gate width m; e is the gate opening, m; g is gravity acceleration with a constant of 9.8m/s 2 (ii) a h is the depth of water before the gate, m.
Deducing the gate opening e by an integrated gate flow calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
inputting the irrigation opening time length according to a calculation formula of the gate opening, obtaining a field irrigation scheme, and automatically executing the irrigation scheme.
As a further aspect of the invention: the specific steps of automatically generating the field drainage scheme comprise:
obtaining field water depth threshold value H 0 The current water depth H and the cultivated area S calculate the displacement W, and the calculation formula is as follows:
W＝(H-H 0 )×S；
based on the calculated displacement W, the integrated gate flow Q is calculated through the set drainage opening time t, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is the integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is a flow coefficient of the gas flow,
b is the gate width m; e is the gate opening, m; g is gravity acceleration with a constant of 9.8m/s 2 (ii) a h is the depth of water before the gate, m.
Deducing the gate opening e by an integrated gate flow calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
inputting the time length for opening the gate according to a calculation formula of the gate opening, obtaining a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing the drainage scheme.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
by adopting the technical scheme, various irrigation information of the irrigation area range is acquired, and irrigation division and treatment are carried out by combining the irrigation information. And then acquiring irrigation information in the irrigation area range and inputting the irrigation information into the crop water demand of the constructed crop water demand prediction model. And (4) forming a corresponding field irrigation and drainage scheme by combining the water level flow curve of the integrated gate and executing the scheme. Therefore, the target prediction of the water demand condition of crops in the irrigation area and the control of the field water depth are realized, and the automatic irrigation and drainage of the integrated gate in the irrigation area are realized. The automatic irrigation and drainage in the field is effectively realized, and the economic loss of crops caused by untimely irrigation and drainage is solved.
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The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings in which:
fig. 1 is a schematic step diagram of an automatic irrigation and drainage management method according to some embodiments disclosed in the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, in an embodiment of the present invention, a method for managing automatic irrigation and drainage of an integrated field gate based on water demand prediction is implemented for automatic irrigation and drainage of a # 1 integrated field gate in a core area of a certain irrigation area 2021 year 8 month 18 days, and includes the specific steps of:
constructing a spatial topological relation diagram of the irrigation channel based on the water and rain condition, the soil moisture content, the weather monitoring station and the irrigation area range of the integrated gate, performing networking division management on the irrigation channel, and displaying based on a GIS map;
based on a GIS map, combining a design drawing of irrigation channels in an irrigation area range to obtain actual irrigation channels with consistent information;
meanwhile, a spatial topological relation diagram of main channels, branch channels, bucket channels, agricultural channels, main channels and stations in the irrigation area is established through the water and rain information, the soil moisture content, the weather monitoring station and the longitude and latitude of the integrated gate; and
and carrying out pipe networking division accurate management on irrigation channels in the irrigation area range according to the water and rain condition, the soil moisture content, the weather monitoring station and the channels to which the integrated gates belong.
The irrigation area, the planting structure, the collected water rain content and the soil moisture content of the irrigated area range and the weather monitoring and forecasting parameters are obtained, the irrigation area of the 1# integrated gate in the irrigated area range is 200 mu, the planting structure is rice, and fishes and shrimps are cultured in the rice field. Inputting the constructed crop water demand prediction model to obtain the crop water demand in the irrigation range; the method comprises the following specific steps:
establishing a crop water demand prediction model by adopting a Bayesian probability theory-based crop water demand prediction method and a big data algorithm;
obtaining the evaporation amount of a reference crop, correcting the numerical value of a crop coefficient according to the meteorological change characteristics of an irrigation area and the growth test data of the crop, and calculating the water demand of the crop, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ET 0 ＝0.408K(T max -T min ) n (T mean +T off )R a ；
in the formula, ET 0 Mm/d for reference crop water demand; k is a conversion coefficient, and the suggested value is 0.0023; t is max 、T min The highest and lowest temperature are 33 ℃ and 24 ℃ respectively; n is an exponential coefficient, and the suggested value is 0.5; t is mean The average air temperature is 28 ℃; t is off For temperature offset, a suggested value is 17.8; r a The radiation of the top layer of the atmosphere is 30.85 MJ/(m) 2 D) calculating the ET of the unit square according to the above formula 0 Is 3.98 mm/d.
Based on a water conservancy Internet of things platform, linking an integrated gate of an irrigation channel to obtain a water level flow curve of the irrigation channel;
the specific method comprises the following steps: the integrated gate is accessed to the irrigation area application system by using a water conservancy Internet of things platform, and data transmission is carried out through an MQTT protocol, so that the linkage of the integrated gate is realized.
And combining the obtained crop water demand, the field water depth threshold value and the water level flow curve of the irrigation channel, respectively and automatically generating a field irrigation scheme and a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing according to the field irrigation scheme and the field drainage scheme.
In a specific embodiment, the specific steps of automatically generating the field irrigation scheme include:
reference crop water demand ET obtained based on calculation 0 Calculating the crop water demand in the specific channel irrigation range to obtain the irrigation water quantity W required by the channel through the integrated gate-associated channel n ：
W n ＝ET (0,1) ×S+ET (0,2) ×S+…+ET (0,n) ×S；
Reference crop water demand ET 0 The calculated value is 3.98mm/d, and the converted value is 0.00398 m/d; the irrigation area is 133333m after being converted into 200 mu 2 Calculating the amount of irrigation water W required by the channel according to the formula n Is 530m 3/d.
Channel irrigation water quantity W obtained based on calculation n Calculating the flow Q of the integrated gate according to the set irrigation gate opening time t, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is the integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is a flow coefficient of the gas flow,
b is the gate width and is 0.6 m; e is the gate opening, m; g is gravity acceleration with a constant of 9.8m/s 2 (ii) a h is the depth of water before the gate, and is 0.65 m.
Deducing the gate opening e by a calculation formula of the flow of the integrated gate, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
inputting irrigation opening time t to be 1h according to a calculation formula of the gate opening, converting the irrigation opening time t to be 3600s, calculating to obtain the gate opening e to be 0.23m, and then obtaining a field irrigation scheme, namely, the field irrigation scheme is that an integrated gate is opened for 1 hour, the opening is set to be 0.23m, and automatically executing the irrigation scheme.
In a specific embodiment, the specific steps of automatically generating the field drainage scheme include:
because the fish and rice are symbiotic, the period is the jointing period of the rice, and the upper limit threshold value H of the field water depth 0 Set to 0.4m, the current water depth H is 0.45m, and the cultivated land area S is 133333m converted from 200 mu 2 And calculating the water displacement W according to the following calculation formula:
W＝(H-H 0 )×S；
the water displacement W obtained based on the calculation is 6667m 2 The integrated gate flow Q is calculated for 6h through the set drainage switching-on duration t, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is the integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is a flow coefficient of the gas flow,
b is the gate width and is 0.6 m; e is the gate opening, m; g is gravity acceleration with a constant of 9.8m/s 2 (ii) a h is the depth of water before the gate, and is 0.45 m.
Deducing the gate opening e by an integrated gate flow calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
inputting the drainage opening time t as 6h according to a calculation formula of the gate opening, converting the drainage opening time t into 21600s, calculating to obtain the gate opening e as 0.77m, and automatically executing the drainage scheme, wherein the field drainage scheme is that the integrated gate is opened for 10 hours, and the opening is set as 0.77 m.
In 2021, by applying the embodiment, the water saving amount in the test area is 57.53 ten thousand square year, and the water saving rate is 28.88%; the annual grain yield increase is 18.25kg, and the yield increase is 8%.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents, which should be construed as being within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
constructing a space topological relation diagram of an irrigation channel based on the water and rain content, the soil moisture content, a meteorological monitoring station and the irrigation area range of the integrated gate, performing networking division management on the irrigation channel, and displaying based on a GIS map;
acquiring irrigation area, planting structure, collected water and rain content, soil moisture content and weather monitoring and forecasting parameters of an irrigation area range, and inputting the parameters into a constructed crop water demand forecasting model to obtain the crop water demand in the irrigation range;
based on a water conservancy Internet of things platform, an integrated gate of an irrigation channel is linked to obtain a water level flow curve of the irrigation channel;
and combining the obtained crop water demand, the field water depth threshold value and the water level flow curve of the irrigation channel, respectively and automatically generating a field irrigation scheme and a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing according to the field irrigation scheme and the field drainage scheme.
2. The field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following specific steps of constructing a spatial topological relation diagram of irrigation channels based on water and rain contents, soil moisture contents, weather monitoring stations and irrigation area ranges of integrated gates, and performing networking division management on the irrigation channels, wherein the specific steps of displaying based on a GIS map comprise:
based on a GIS map, combining a design drawing of irrigation channels in an irrigation area range to obtain actual irrigation channels with consistent information;
meanwhile, a space topological relation graph of main channels, branch channels, hopper channels, agricultural channels, capillary channels and stations in the irrigation area is established through the water and rain content, the soil moisture content, the weather monitoring station and the longitude and latitude of the integrated gate; and
and carrying out pipe networking division accurate management on irrigation channels in the irrigation area range according to the water and rain content, the soil moisture content, the meteorological monitoring station and the affiliated channels of the integrated gates.
3. The field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the concrete steps of constructing a crop water demand prediction model comprise:
establishing a crop water demand prediction model by adopting a Bayesian probability theory-based crop water demand prediction method and a big data algorithm;
obtaining the evaporation amount of a reference crop, correcting the numerical value of a crop coefficient according to the meteorological change characteristics of an irrigation area and the growth test data of the crop, and calculating the water demand of the crop, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
ET 0 ＝0.408K(T max -T min ) n (T mean +T off )R a ；
in the formula, ET 0 Water demand for reference crops, mm/d; k is a conversion coefficient; t is max 、T min The highest and lowest air temperatures, DEG C; n is an exponential coefficient; t is mean Average temperature, deg.C; t is off Is the temperature offset; r a MJ/(m) for atmospheric top radiation 2 .d)。
4. The field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction as recited in claim 1, wherein the specific method of the integrated gate of the linkage irrigation channel based on the water conservancy internet of things platform is as follows: the integrated gate is accessed to the irrigation area application system by using a water conservancy Internet of things platform, and data transmission is carried out through an MQTT protocol, so that the linkage of the integrated gate is realized.
5. The field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps of automatically generating the field irrigation scheme comprise:
reference crop water demand ET obtained based on calculation 0 Calculating the crop water demand in the specific channel irrigation range through the related channels to obtain the irrigation water demand W of the channel n ：
W n ＝ET (0,1) ×S+ET (0,2) ×S+…+ET (0,n) ×S；
Channel irrigation water quantity W obtained based on calculation n The integrated gate flow Q is calculated through the set irrigation gate opening time t, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is the integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is a flow coefficient of the gas flow,
b is the gate width, m; e is the gate opening, m; g is gravity acceleration with a constant of 9.8m/s 2 (ii) a h is the depth of water before the gate, m.
Deducing the gate opening e by an integrated gate flow calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
inputting the irrigation opening time length according to a calculation formula of the gate opening, obtaining a field irrigation scheme, and automatically executing the irrigation scheme.
6. The field integrated gate automatic irrigation and drainage management method based on water demand prediction as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific steps of automatically generating the field drainage scheme comprise:
obtaining field water depth threshold value H 0 The current water depth H and the cultivated area S calculate the displacement W, and the calculation formula is as follows:
W＝(H-H 0 )×S；
based on the calculated displacement W, the integrated gate flow Q is calculated through the set drainage opening time t, and the calculation formula is as follows:
wherein Q is the integrated gate flow, m 3 S; mu is a flow coefficient of the gas flow,
b is the gate width m; e is the gate opening, m; g is gravity acceleration with a constant of 9.8m/s 2 (ii) a h is the depth of water before the gate, m.
Deducing the gate opening e by an integrated gate flow calculation formula, wherein the calculation formula is as follows:
inputting the time length for opening the gate according to a calculation formula of the gate opening, obtaining a field drainage scheme, and automatically executing the drainage scheme.
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| CN117598190A (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-02-27 | 河北省水资源研究与水利技术试验推广中心 | Reservoir branch canal irrigation control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117598190B (en) * | 2024-01-22 | 2024-04-16 | 河北省水资源研究与水利技术试验推广中心 | Reservoir branch canal irrigation control method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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