CN107301481B - Ecological farmland water demand forecasting system, measuring and calculating model and water demand forecasting method - Google Patents
Ecological farmland water demand forecasting system, measuring and calculating model and water demand forecasting method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a water demand forecasting system, a measuring and calculating model and a water demand forecasting method for an ecological farmland, wherein the water demand forecasting system comprises a basic database, a water demand measuring and calculating module and a water demand forecasting module; the basic database is respectively connected with the water demand measuring and calculating module and the water demand forecasting module; the water demand measuring and calculating module comprises a crop water demand measuring and calculating module, an animal water demand measuring and calculating module and a comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating module; the water demand forecasting module comprises a calling module, a stage control index module, a weather forecasting module and a real-time forecasting module; the invention integrates animal water demand and crop water demand into ecological farmland comprehensive water demand through the water demand measuring model, effectively reduces the water demand of the farmland and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of irrigation and water conservancy, and particularly relates to an ecological farmland water demand forecasting system, a measuring and calculating model and a water demand forecasting method.
Background
The agricultural water consumption of China consumes 80% of the total amount of water resources, and 70% of agricultural products come from irrigating farmlands. The farmland water demand is a reference basis for estimating the agricultural irrigation water consumption, is indispensable basic data in water and soil resource balance calculation, irrigation engineering planning design and operation management, and accurately measuring the farmland water demand becomes a key link for improving the regional water resource utilization efficiency. With the progress of the technology, the farmland planting structure is adjusted by adopting a mode of farming aquatic products in the farmland, the farmland farming refers to a production mode of using the shallow water environment of the rice field to be assisted by artificial measures, so that not only rice but also aquatic products such as fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like are bred, and the production benefit of the rice field is improved. The farmland cultivation enables the plants and the animals to mutually benefit and symbiose to form a new ecological system, fully exerts the productivity of the farmland and achieves the purpose of improving the economic benefit. The research on the water demand of farmlands is highly concerned at home and abroad, but the hot spots are mostly concentrated on the aspects of measuring and calculating the water demand of one or more crops in different planting modes, the measurement and calculation of the water demand of different types of biological structures in the farmlands are less involved, and the farmland water demand measurement and calculation under the condition are more complicated, so that the traditional farmland water demand measurement and calculation method and precision cannot meet the requirements of ecological farmlands under structural adjustment easily, and the pertinence and the effectiveness of water-saving irrigation engineering are reduced.
In addition, most of the prior art still carries out calculation by manually substituting data into the measuring and calculating model, the operation is troublesome, and the combination of the measuring and calculating model and the modern computer technology is less in application to the field water demand budget.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the ecological farmland water demand forecasting system which can be used for more accurately and finely cultivating the farmland and effectively reducing the labor and uncertain cost.
The ecological farmland water demand forecasting system comprises a basic database, a water demand measuring and calculating module and a water demand forecasting module; the basic database is respectively connected with the water demand measuring and calculating module and the water demand forecasting module;
the basic database comprises classified stored regional topographic and geomorphic data, soil characteristics, hydrological weather data and planting structure data;
the water demand measuring and calculating module comprises a crop water demand measuring and calculating module, an animal water demand measuring and calculating module and a comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating module; the crop water demand measuring and calculating module is used for storing a measuring and calculating model of crop water demand, the animal water demand measuring and calculating module is used for storing a measuring and calculating model of animal water demand, and the comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating module is used for storing a measuring and calculating model of comprehensive water demand of crops and animals;
the water demand forecasting module comprises a calling module, a stage control index module, a weather forecasting module and a real-time forecasting module; the calling module is used for calling data in the basic database and a measuring and calculating model in the water demand measuring and calculating module; the stage control index module is used for storing stage control indexes of different stages of crops and animals; the weather forecast module is used for inputting precipitation; the real-time prediction module is used for calculating parameters of farmland crops and animals to obtain a farmland water depth index value at the end of a prediction stage, comparing the farmland water depth index value with stage control indexes to determine whether water is needed or not, and determining the water demand through a measuring and calculating model.
Specifically, the soil characteristic data comprises soil type, volume weight, water holding characteristic, organic matters and soil pH value; the hydrological meteorological data comprise river systems, water level characteristics, water quality, temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed, radiation and sunshine; the planting structure data comprises crop species, growth stage, occupied area and planting mode. The data belong to basic data stored in a database, and when water demand prediction is carried out, the above situations belong to conventional indexes and need to be listed.
The stage control indexes comprise an index upper limit, an index average value and an index lower limit, wherein h isTo put it into practice、hMake an average、hAs a lower limitDetermined by the kind of the crop, the growth stage, hDynamic upper limit、hMoving average、hLower dynamic limitThe animal type and the growth stage are determined, the early warning range of the index can be set for different animal water quality indexes, the numerical value is determined according to the measured value of the region, and the values of different plants and animals can be inquired by the technical personnel in the field through the existing data.
The real-time prediction system determines whether water is needed or not by monitoring various parameters of farmland crops and animals in real time and comparing the parameters with stage control indexes, and determines the water requirement through a measuring and calculating model.
The invention also aims to provide an ecological farmland water demand measuring and calculating model, which integrates animal water demand and crop water demand into ecological farmland comprehensive water demand, effectively reduces the water demand of the farmland and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of water.
Specifically, the water demand measurement model comprises three parts: a crop water demand measuring and calculating model, an animal water demand measuring and calculating model and a comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating model. Model Q for measuring and calculating water demand of cropsMaking＝(hLimit of-h) x Z, wherein QMakingWater requirement for crops, hLimit ofIs the crop stage limit, and Z is the crop area in the farmland;
wherein the paddy field: h is h1+P-S-αE0Wherein h is1And h is the water storage depth of the paddy field at the beginning and the end of the time period; p is rainfall; s is field leakage; alpha E0Evaporation capacity of paddy field, E0The water surface evaporation amount is, and alpha is the water demand coefficient of each growth period of the crops;
dry farmland: h is h1+ P-E, wherein h1And h is the initial and final water content of the soil; p is rainfall; e is the land evaporation.
The model Q for measuring and calculating the water demand of the animalsMovable part＝βVDitch and pond-P+S+E0Wherein Q isMovable partBeta V water requirement for animalsDitch and pondWater change required for animals in each time interval, VDitch and pondThe volume of the culture ditch and pond is beta is the coefficient of water change of the animals in different periods; s is field leakage; e0The water surface evaporation amount is the water surface evaporation amount, and the water changing coefficient is between 0.3 and 1 according to the requirement of the culture water quality.
Comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating model QHealdThe specific measurement method is shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 measurement model Q for comprehensive water demandHealdSpecific measuring and calculating method
Wherein Q isHealdFor comprehensive water demand of farmlandMakingThe water storage depth at the crop stage; h isMovable partThe water storage depth of the animal stage.
The invention also aims to provide an ecological farmland water demand forecasting method which fully considers all influencing factors and supplements and perfects the traditional farmland water demand measuring and calculating method based on a farmland planting mode of crop-animal symbiosis. By forecasting the water demand of the ecological farmland and optimally scheduling regional water resources, the demand of actual production can be better met.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the requirements of ecological farmlands, recording regional topographic and geomorphic data, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data into a basic database;
(2) recording measurement and calculation models of crops, animals and comprehensive water demand into a measurement and calculation module of crop water demand, a measurement and calculation module of animal water demand and a measurement and calculation module of comprehensive water demand respectively;
(3) comparing and judging the actually measured field water quality data with the stage control indexes to determine whether the ecological farmland needs water or not, and determining the water demand through a measuring model;
(4) monitoring the water quality condition of the ecological farmland water in real time, comparing the actually measured water quality condition of the farmland water with stage control indexes to determine whether the ecological farmland needs water, and calculating and defining the water demand through a water demand measuring and calculating model by combining the weather forecast rainfall condition so as to irrigate and drain water and meet the water demand requirements of animals and crops in different periods;
(5) after the water demand measurement, calculation and forecast of the whole growth period of the ecological farmland crops and animals are completed, the data are stored and analyzed, and experience data are provided for the water demand measurement and calculation of the ecological farmland in similar areas.
The method of the invention has the following advantages:
1. according to the invention, the aquatic animal water demand and the crop water demand are unified into ecological farmland comprehensive water demand through the water demand measuring and calculating model, so that the water demand of the farmland is effectively reduced, and the utilization efficiency of water is greatly improved.
2. The farmland culture adopting the ecological farmland water demand forecasting system is more accurate and detailed, and the labor and uncertain cost is effectively reduced.
3. The method fully considers each influence factor, and supplements and perfects the traditional farmland water demand measuring and calculating method based on the farmland planting mode of crop-animal symbiosis. By forecasting the water demand of the ecological farmland and optimally scheduling regional water resources, the demand of actual production can be better met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for calculating a water demand forecast system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
Specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. While specific embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention may be embodied in various forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the invention to those skilled in the art.
In the following description and in the claims, the terms "include" and "comprise" are used in an open-ended fashion, and thus should be interpreted to mean "include, but not limited to. The description which follows is a preferred embodiment of the invention, but is made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention and not for the purpose of limiting the scope of the invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims.
Example 1
An ecological farmland water demand forecasting system comprises a basic database, a water demand measuring and calculating module and a water demand forecasting module; the basic database is respectively connected with the water demand measuring and calculating module and the water demand forecasting module;
the basic database comprises classified stored regional topographic and geomorphic data, soil characteristics, hydrological weather data and planting structure data;
the water demand measuring and calculating module comprises a crop water demand measuring and calculating module, an animal water demand measuring and calculating module and a comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating module; the crop water demand measuring and calculating module is used for storing a measuring and calculating model of crop water demand, the animal water demand measuring and calculating module is used for storing a measuring and calculating model of animal water demand, and the comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating module is used for storing a measuring and calculating model of comprehensive water demand of crops and animals;
the water demand forecasting module comprises a calling module, a stage control index module, a weather forecasting module and a real-time forecasting module; the calling module is used for calling data in the basic database and a measuring and calculating model in the water demand measuring and calculating module; the stage control index module is used for storing stage control indexes of different stages of crops and animals; the weather forecast module is used for inputting precipitation; the real-time prediction module is used for calculating parameters of farmland crops and animals to obtain a farmland water depth index value at the end of a prediction stage, comparing the farmland water depth index value with stage control indexes to determine whether water is needed or not, and determining the water demand through a measuring and calculating model.
Specifically, the soil characteristic data comprises soil type, volume weight, water holding characteristic, organic matters and soil pH value; the hydrological meteorological data comprise river systems, water level characteristics, water quality, temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed, radiation and sunshine; the planting structure data comprises crop species, growth stage, occupied area and planting mode.
The stage control indexes comprise an index upper limit, an index average value and an index lower limit, wherein h isTo put it into practice、hMake an average、hAs a lower limitDetermined by the kind of the crop, the growth stage, hDynamic upper limit、hMoving average、hLower dynamic limitThe animal type and the growth stage are determined, and the early warning range of the indexes can be set for different animal water quality indexes.
The real-time prediction system determines whether water is needed or not by monitoring various parameters of farmland crops and animals in real time and comparing the parameters with stage control indexes, and determines the water requirement through a measuring and calculating model.
Concretely, a model Q for measuring and calculating the water demand of cropsMaking＝(hLimit of-h) x Z, wherein QMakingWater requirement for crops, hLimit ofIs the crop stage limit, and Z is the crop area in the farmland;
wherein the paddy field: h is h1+P-S-αE0Wherein h is1And h is the water storage depth of the paddy field at the beginning and the end of the time period; p is rainfall; s is field leakage; alpha E0Evaporation capacity of paddy field, E0The water surface evaporation amount is, and alpha is the water demand coefficient of each growth period of the crops;
dry farmland: h is h1+ P-E, wherein h1And h is the initial and final water content of the soil; p is rainfall; e is the land evaporation.
The model Q for measuring and calculating the water demand of the animalsMovable part＝βVDitch and pond-P+S+E0Wherein Q isMovable partBeta V water requirement for animalsDitch and pondWater change required for animals in each time interval, VDitch and pondThe volume of the culture ditch and pond is beta is the coefficient of water change of the animals in different periods; s is field leakage; e0The water surface evaporation amount is the water surface evaporation amount, and the water changing coefficient is between 0.3 and 1 according to the requirement of the culture water quality.
Comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating model QHealdThe specific measurement method is shown in table 1.
Example 2
An ecological farmland water demand forecasting method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to the requirements of ecological farmlands, recording regional topographic and geomorphic data, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data into a basic database;
(2) recording measurement and calculation models of crops, animals and comprehensive water demand into a measurement and calculation module of crop water demand, a measurement and calculation module of animal water demand and a measurement and calculation module of comprehensive water demand respectively;
(3) comparing the input weather forecast condition and various parameters of farmland crops and animals with stage control indexes to determine whether water is needed or not, and determining the water demand through a measuring model;
(4) monitoring the water quality condition of the ecological farmland in real time, comparing the actually measured water quality condition of the farmland with stage control indexes to determine whether the ecological farmland needs water, and calculating and defining the water demand through a water demand measuring and calculating model by combining the weather forecast rainfall condition so as to irrigate and drain water and meet the water demand requirements of animals and crops at different periods;
(5) after the water demand measurement, calculation and forecast of the whole growth period of the ecological farmland crops and animals are completed, the data are stored and analyzed, and experience data are provided for the water demand measurement and calculation of the ecological farmland in similar areas.
Example 3 prediction of crop Water demand per acre over a one week period
Luo Lu in JiangsuIn the south area of Ma lake, the rice variety is early rice, the growing stage is tillering, in the last 6 months, wherein hMake anTaking 50mm, hIn the middle of doingTaking 35mm, hMake the followingTaking 10mm, taking the water-requirement coefficient alpha of rice at tillering stage as 1.08, E0Taking an empirical value of 6mm/d, predicting the rainfall P to be 5mm within a one-week period, taking the field leakage S to be 2mm/d, and actually measuring the depth h of the field surface water117mm, according to the model h ═ h1+P-S-αE0＝17+5-2×7-1.08×6＝0.52mm<hMake the followingThe amount of irrigation water per mu of land
Example 4 prediction of animal Water demand per acre over a week period
In the south area of the Luoma lake of Jiangsu, the rice variety is early rice, the river shrimps are cultivated, the time is 6 days before, wherein the total length of the cultivation ditch of the rice field is 150m, the depth is 0.80m, the width is 0.80m, the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth of the cultivation pond of the rice field is 1.0 multiplied by 0.80m, the limit value of the water depth of the animal is based on the elevation of the bottom of the rice field, h is the height of the bottom of the rice fieldOn moveTaking 250mm, hIn motionTaking 50mm, hMove downTaking 10mm, and changing water once per week according to the culture requirement of the shrimp, wherein beta is 1.0. Forecasting the rainfall P to be 5mm in one week period, and the field leakage S to be 2mm/d, E0An empirical value of 6mm/d was taken. Actually measured field surface water depth h1Is 17mm>hMove downWithin the range of the cultivation requirements, the current water depth is maintained, and the water demand per mu of land is maintained
Example 5 prediction of comprehensive Water demand per mu of land for a one week period
In the south area of the Luoma lake in Jiangsu, the rice variety is early rice, the river shrimps are cultivated, the rice variety is in the symbiotic stage of crops and animals in the first 6 th of months, the rice variety is early rice, the breeding stage is tillering, and in the first 6 th of months, the rice variety h isMake anTaking 50mm, hIn the middle of doingTaking 35mm, hMake the followingTaking 10mm, and taking 1.08 as the water-requirement coefficient alpha of the rice at the tillering stage. The total length of the culture ditch of the rice field is 150m, the depth is 0.80m, the width is 0.80m, the length multiplied by the width multiplied by the depth of the culture pond of the rice field is 1.0 multiplied by 0.80m, wherein the limit value of the depth of the animal water takes the elevation of the bottom of the rice field as the standard, hOn moveTaking 250mm, hIn motionTaking 50mm, hMove downTaking 10mm, and changing water once per week according to the culture requirement of the shrimp, wherein beta is 1.0. Forecasting the rainfall P to be 5mm in one week period, and the field leakage S to be 2mm/d, E0The empirical value of 6mm/d is taken, and parameters such as temperature, wind speed and the like can be substituted according to an empirical formula for calculation. Measured depth h of field surface according to the measurement and calculation of the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 21Is 17mm>hMove downWithin the range of culture requirements, and hMake the following＜h1＜hMake an，QMovable part(550m3)＞QMake an(330m3) Thus taking QHeald＝QMovable part＝550m3。
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (4)
1. An ecological farmland water demand forecasting system is characterized by comprising a basic database, a water demand measuring grate module and a water demand forecasting module; the basic database is respectively connected with the water-demand grate module and the water-demand forecasting module;
the basic database comprises classified stored regional topographic and geomorphic data, soil characteristics, hydrological weather data and planting structure data;
the water-demand grate module comprises a crop water-demand grate module, an animal water-demand grate module and a comprehensive water-demand grate module; the comprehensive water-demand grate module is used for storing a grate model of comprehensive water demand of crops and animals;
the water demand forecasting module comprises a calling module, a stage control index module, a weather forecasting module and a real-time forecasting module; the calling module is used for calling data in the basic database and the grate measuring model in the grate measuring module needing water; the stage control index module is used for storing stage control indexes of different stages of crops and animals; the weather forecast module is used for inputting precipitation; the real-time prediction module is used for calculating parameters of farmland crops and animals to obtain a farmland water depth index value at the end of a prediction stage, comparing the farmland water depth index value with stage control indexes to determine whether water is needed or not, and determining the water demand through a grate measuring model;
wherein, the grate model Q for measuring the water demand of the cropsMaking＝(hLimit of-h) x Z, wherein QMakingWater requirement for crops, hLimit ofThe water requirement limit value is the crop stage, and Z is the crop area in the farmland; if the paddy field is adopted: h is h1+P-S-αE0Wherein h1 and h are the water storage depth of the paddy field at the beginning and the end of the time period; p is rainfall; s is field leakage; alpha E0Evaporation capacity of paddy field, E0The water surface evaporation amount is, and alpha is the water demand coefficient of each growth period of the crops; if the field is dry field: h is h1+ P-E, wherein h1And h is the initial and final water content of the soil; p is rainfall; e is the land evaporation capacity;
the grate measuring model Q of the animal water demandMovable part＝βVDitch and pond-P+S+E0Wherein Q isMovable partBeta V water requirement for animalsDitch and pondWater change required for animals in each time interval, VDitch and pondThe volume of the culture ditch and pond is beta is the coefficient of water change of the animals in different periods; s is field leakage; e0The water surface evaporation amount is the water surface evaporation amount, and the water changing coefficient is between 0.3 and 1 according to the requirement of the culture water quality;
the grate measuring model Q of the comprehensive water demandHealdThe specific grate measurement method is shown in the following table:
wherein Q isHealdFor comprehensive water demand of farmlandMakingThe water storage depth at the crop stage; h isMovable partThe water storage depth of the animal stage.
2. The ecological farmland water demand forecasting system according to claim 1, wherein the soil characteristic data includes soil type, volume weight, water holding characteristics, organic matters and soil pH value; the hydrological meteorological data comprise river systems, water level characteristics, water quality, temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed, radiation and sunshine; the planting structure data comprises crop species, growth stage, occupied area and planting mode.
3. The ecological farmland water demand forecasting system of claim 1, wherein the stage control indexes comprise an upper index limit, an average index value and a lower index limit, wherein h isTo put it into practice、hMake an average、hAs a lower limitDetermined by the kind of the crop, the growth stage, hDynamic upper limit、hMoving average、hLower dynamic limitThe animal type and the growth stage are determined, and the early warning range of the indexes can be set for different animal water quality indexes.
4. The method for forecasting the water demand of the ecological farmland by using the water demand forecasting system of the ecological farmland as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the following steps:
(1) according to the requirements of ecological farmlands, recording regional topographic and geomorphic data, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data into a basic database;
(2) recording the crop, animal and comprehensive water demand measuring grate model into a water demand measuring grate module for the crop, the animal and the comprehensive water demand measuring grate module respectively;
(3) comparing and judging the actually measured field water quality data with the stage control indexes to determine whether the ecological farmland needs water or not, and determining the water demand through a grate measuring model;
(4) monitoring the water quality condition of the ecological farmland in real time, comparing the actually measured water quality condition of the farmland with stage control indexes to determine whether the ecological farmland needs water, and calculating and defining the water demand through a water demand measuring grate model by combining the weather forecast rainfall condition so as to irrigate and drain water and meet the water demand requirements of animals and crops in different periods;
(5) after the water demand measurement, calculation and forecast of the whole growth period of the ecological farmland crops and animals are completed, the data are stored and analyzed, and experience data are provided for the water demand measurement and calculation of the ecological farmland in similar areas.
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