CN111505242A - Integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption - Google Patents
Integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 31
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N33/245—Earth materials for agricultural purposes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of farming, in particular to an integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption, which comprises a chassis, wherein a control cabinet, a power supply adaptation box body, a soil sample collecting mechanism and an alarm reminder are arranged on the chassis, the bottom end of the chassis is provided with a traveling mechanism, the traveling mechanism is used for driving the chassis to travel and changing the wheel diameter according to farmland field conditions, the chassis is provided with the control cabinet, the power supply adaptation box body, the soil sample collecting mechanism and the alarm reminder, the power supply adaptation box body supplies power for the control cabinet, the power supply adaptation box body and the traveling mechanism, the soil sample collecting mechanism is vertically arranged on the chassis and is rotationally connected with the chassis, the invention integrates aquatic animal water demand and crop water demand through a water demand measuring model to form ecological farmland comprehensive water demand, and effectively reduces the water demand of farmlands, greatly improving the utilization efficiency of the water.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of farming, in particular to an integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption.
Background
The agricultural water consumption of China consumes 80% of the total amount of water resources, and 70% of agricultural products come from irrigating farmlands. The farmland water demand is a reference basis for estimating the agricultural irrigation water consumption, is indispensable basic data in water and soil resource balance calculation, irrigation engineering planning design and operation management, and accurately measuring the farmland water demand becomes a key link for improving the regional water resource utilization efficiency. With the progress of the technology, the farmland planting structure is adjusted by adopting a mode of farming aquatic products in the farmland, the farmland farming refers to a production mode of using the shallow water environment of the rice field to be assisted by artificial measures, so that not only rice but also aquatic products such as fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like are bred, and the production benefit of the rice field is improved. The farmland cultivation enables the plants and the animals to mutually benefit and symbiose to form a new ecological system, fully exerts the productivity of the farmland and achieves the purpose of improving the economic benefit. The research on the water demand of farmlands is highly concerned at home and abroad, but the hot spots are mostly concentrated on the aspects of measuring and calculating the water demand of one or more crops in different planting modes, the measurement and calculation of the water demand of different types of biological structures in the farmlands are less involved, and the farmland water demand measurement and calculation under the condition are more complicated, so that the traditional farmland water demand measurement and calculation method and precision cannot meet the requirements of ecological farmlands under structural adjustment easily, and the pertinence and the effectiveness of water-saving irrigation engineering are reduced. In addition, most of the prior art still carries out calculation by manually substituting data into the measuring and calculating model, the operation is troublesome, and the combination of the measuring and calculating model and the modern computer technology is less in application to the field water demand budget.
Chinese patent CN201710575655.5 discloses an ecological farmland water demand forecasting system, a measuring and calculating model and a water demand forecasting method, wherein the water demand forecasting system comprises a basic database, a water demand measuring and calculating module and a water demand forecasting module; the basic database is respectively connected with the water demand measuring and calculating module and the water demand forecasting module; the water demand measuring and calculating module comprises a crop water demand measuring and calculating module, an animal water demand measuring and calculating module and a comprehensive water demand measuring and calculating module; the water demand forecasting module comprises a calling module, a stage control index module, a weather forecasting module and a real-time forecasting module; the system integrates animal water demand and crop water demand into ecological farmland comprehensive water demand through the water demand measuring and calculating model, effectively reduces the water demand of the farmland, and greatly improves the utilization efficiency of water.
For the irrigation condition of farmland crops in the growth process, the traditional method generally checks the irrigation condition in the field through manpower, although the accuracy rate of judging whether the water-needed condition is high, the centralized planting area of the farmland is large, a large amount of labor cost is consumed, the real-time checking cannot be realized, the irrigation condition is often detected only when the irrigation condition needs to be timely generated in a small range, and the agricultural production activity is seriously influenced. If an agricultural robot is used, it may damage farmlands and crops.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide an integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption, the technical scheme solves the problem that the existing detection method seriously influences agricultural production activities, and the online monitoring device integrates aquatic animal water demand and crop water demand into ecological farmland comprehensive water demand through a water demand measuring and calculating model, so that the water demand of the farmland is effectively reduced, and the utilization efficiency of water is greatly improved.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a be used for farmland evaporation capacity and crops to need water consumption integration on-line monitoring device, which comprises a base, be equipped with control box, power adaptation box, soil sample collection mechanism and warning reminiscences on the chassis, the bottom on chassis is equipped with running gear, and running gear is used for driving the chassis walking to change the wheel footpath according to the farmland field condition, be equipped with on the chassis control box power adaptation box soil sample collection mechanism with the warning reminiscences, the power adaptation box supplies power for control box, power adaptation box, running gear, and soil sample collection mechanism is vertical to be installed on the chassis and rotate with the chassis and be connected, is equipped with the sampling subassembly that is used for sampling soil characteristic in the soil sample collection mechanism, is equipped with the confession on the chassis the through-hole that sampling subassembly passed.
As an optimal selection scheme that is used for farmland evaporation capacity and crops to need water consumption integration on-line monitoring device, be equipped with the mounting groove on the chassis, the peripheral circumference distribution of mounting groove has a plurality of the through-hole, soil sample collection mechanism includes rotary driving motor, action wheel, revolving stage, fluted disc, bracing piece, installation panel, lift drive actuating cylinder and sampling subassembly, the revolving stage the fluted disc with the bracing piece is coaxial setting in proper order, is equipped with the mounting panel on the mounting groove, be equipped with on the mounting panel rotary driving motor, rotary driving motor's output shaft transmission is connected with the action wheel, action wheel and fluted disc meshing, the top of bracing piece is equipped with the installation panel is equipped with on the installation panel lift drive actuating cylinder, lift drive actuating cylinder's output shaft transmission is connected with the.
As an optimal scheme that is used for farmland evaporation capacity and crops to need integrated on-line monitoring device that consumes water, the sampling subassembly includes rain-proof dish, detection portion, humiture sensor group and soil probe, rain-proof dish is connected with the output transmission that goes up and down to drive actuating cylinder, and rain-proof dish's bottom is equipped with detection portion, rain-proof dish's size are greater than detection portion's size, are equipped with in the detection portion humiture sensor group, humiture sensor group's probe part exposes the detection portion setting outward, and detection portion's one end is connected with rain-proof dish, detection portion's the other end with soil probe connection, rain-proof dish's top is equipped with a plurality of water drainage tank.
As a preferred scheme of the integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption, the walking mechanism comprises two diameter-variable wheels, a connecting shaft, a driven wheel disc, a transmission belt, a driving wheel disc, a worm wheel, a worm and a walking driving motor, the front end and the rear end of a chassis are respectively provided with the two diameter-variable wheels, the two diameter-variable wheels at the front end and the two diameter-variable wheels at the rear end are connected through the connecting shaft, the driven wheel disc is coaxially sleeved on the connecting shaft at the front end and is connected with the driving wheel disc through the transmission belt, the driving wheel disc is coaxially connected with the worm wheel, one end of the worm wheel is connected with the driving wheel disc, the other end of the worm wheel is rotatably connected with the top end face of a through hole, the side part of the worm wheel is provided with the walking driving motor, and the walking driving motor are arranged at the same side of the through hole, the output end of the walking driving motor is in transmission connection with the worm, and the worm is meshed with the worm wheel.
As an optimal scheme that is used for farmland evaporation capacity and crops to need water consumption integration on-line monitoring device, but the wheel of reducing is including bearing dish, electric putter, first arc board and second arc board, it has four to bear the inner circumference distribution of dish electric putter, electric putter's output shaft extend and bear the dish outside, and the equal transmission of each electric putter's output shaft is connected with one first arc board, first arc board set up to the arc, and the both ends of first arc board articulate respectively have one second arc board, second arc board set up to the arc, and the second arc board is unanimous with the size of first arc board, and the one end of second arc board is articulated with first arc board, and the other end of second arc board articulates there is another second arc board.
As an optimal scheme for the integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption, the central angle of the first arc plate and the central angle of the second arc plate are both 30 degrees, the two ends of the first arc plate are respectively provided with a first hinge point and a second hinge point, the first hinge point is positioned at the outer side of the first arc plate, the second hinge point is positioned at the inner side of the first arc plate, the two ends of the second arc plate are respectively provided with a third hinge point and a fourth hinge point, and the third hinge point and the fourth hinge point are both positioned at the inner side of the second arc plate.
As a preferred scheme for the integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption, the control cabinet comprises a basic database, a water demand measuring and calculating module, an evaporation capacity calculating module and a network communication module, wherein the basic database is respectively connected with the water demand measuring and calculating module and the evaporation capacity measuring and calculating module, the basic database is connected with the network communication module, and the communication network module is in wireless communication with an external server.
As a preferred scheme for the integrated online monitoring device for the evaporation capacity of the farmland and the water consumption of crops, the basic database comprises the classified and stored regional topographic and geomorphic, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data, the evaporation amount calculation module comprises a calling module, a stage control index module, a weather forecast module and a real-time prediction module, the calling module is used for calling data in the basic database and a measuring and calculating model in the water demand measuring and calculating module, the stage control index module is used for storing stage control indexes of different stages of different crops, the weather forecast module is used for inputting precipitation, the real-time prediction module is used for calculating and obtaining the farmland water depth index value at the end of the prediction stage by inputting farmland crops, and comparing with the stage control index to determine whether water is needed or not, and determining the water demand through the measuring and calculating model.
As a preferred scheme of the integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption, soil characteristic data comprise soil type, volume weight, water retention characteristic, organic matters and soil pH value, hydrological meteorological data comprise river water system, water level characteristic, water quality, temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed, radiation and sunshine, and planting structure data comprise crop type, growth stage, occupied area and planting mode.
As a preferred scheme for the integrated online monitoring device for the farmland evaporation capacity and the water consumption of crops, the information network module comprises a GPRS wireless communication network, a WAN network and a Zigbee network.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the requirements of ecological farmland, the regional landform, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data are recorded into a basic database, crop measuring and calculating models are recorded and respectively stored in a water demand measuring and calculating module, the input weather forecast condition and various parameters of farmland crops and animals are compared with stage control indexes to obtain an evaporation capacity calculating module, whether water is needed or not is determined, the water demand is determined through the measuring and calculating module, when a rotary driving motor 4a works, a driving wheel 4b is driven to rotate, the driving wheel 4b is meshed with a fluted disc 4d, therefore, a rotary table 4c, the fluted disc 4d and a supporting rod 4e rotate in a stepping mode, a lifting driving cylinder 4g is arranged on an installation panel 4f at the top end of the supporting rod 4e, and therefore, the lifting driving cylinder 4g can rotate around the central point of the fluted disc 4d, the output shaft transmission that goes up and down to drive 4g of actuating cylinder is connected with sampling subassembly 4h, is equipped with temperature and humidity sensor group 4h4 and soil ph probe 4h5 that are used for calculating evaporation capacity on the sampling subassembly 4h, gathers hydrometeorology and soil pH valve respectively, and through-hole 1a can be passed to sampling subassembly 4h, samples farmland soil, can reduce the destruction to farmland and crops like this. When the walking driving motor 6h works, the worm 6g is driven to rotate, 6g) is meshed with the worm wheel 6f, so that the worm wheel 6f rotates along with the worm wheel, and when the worm wheel 6f rotates, the connecting shaft 6b can be driven to rotate through the driving wheel disc 6e, the transmission belt 6d and the driven wheel disc 6c, so that the diameter-variable wheel 6a can rotate to drive the whole chassis 1 and all devices on the chassis 1 to walk in a farmland. And then, monitoring the water quality condition of the ecological farmland in real time, comparing the actually measured water quality condition of the farmland with the stage control indexes to determine whether the ecological farmland needs water, and calculating and determining the water demand through a water demand measuring model by combining the weather forecast rainfall condition so as to irrigate and drain water and meet the water demand requirements of crops at different periods.
The online monitoring device integrates aquatic animal water demand and crop water demand into ecological farmland comprehensive water demand through the water demand measuring and calculating model, effectively reduces the water demand of the farmland, greatly improves the utilization efficiency of water, is more accurate and refined in farmland cultivation by adopting the ecological farmland water demand forecasting system, effectively reduces labor and uncertain cost, fully considers various influence factors, and supplements and perfects the traditional farmland water demand measuring and calculating method based on a crop-animal symbiotic farmland planting mode. By forecasting the water demand of the ecological farmland and optimally scheduling regional water resources, the demand of actual production can be better met.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a third schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view at A in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the sampling assembly of the present invention
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure at the middle travel mechanism of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view at B of FIG. 6;
FIG. 8 is a front view of the present invention at a variable diameter wheel;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the variable diameter wheel of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the present invention
Fig. 11 is a flow chart of the working principle of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are:
1-a chassis; 1 a-a via; 1 b-a mounting groove; 1 c-a mounting plate;
2-controlling the case;
3, adapting a power supply to the box body;
4-a soil sample collection mechanism; 4 a-a rotary drive motor; 4 b-a driving wheel; 4 c-a turntable; 4 d-fluted disc; 4 e-a support bar; 4 f-mounting a panel; 4 g-lifting driving cylinder; 4 h-sampling component; 4h 1-rain shield disc; 4h 2-drainage channel; 4h 3-detection section; 4h 4-temperature and humidity sensor group; 4h 5-soil ph Probe;
5-alarm reminder;
6-a traveling mechanism; 6 a-variable diameter wheel; 6a 1-carrier tray; 6a 2-electric push rod; 6a3 — first arc plate; 6a4 — first hinge point; 6a5 — second hinge point; 6a 6-second arc plate; 6a 7-third hinge point; 6a8 — fourth hinge point; 6 b-a connecting shaft; 6 c-a driven wheel disc; 6 d-a drive belt; 6 e-a driving wheel disc; 6 f-worm gear; 6 g-worm; 6 h-a walking driving motor.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the on-line monitoring device comprises a chassis 1, a control cabinet 2, a power adaptation box 3, a soil sample collection mechanism 4 and an alarm reminder 5 are arranged on the chassis 1, a traveling mechanism 6 is arranged at the bottom end of the chassis 1 and used for driving the chassis 1 to travel and changing the wheel diameter according to the farmland field conditions, the control cabinet 2, the power adaptation box 3, the soil sample collection mechanism 4 and the alarm reminder 5 are arranged on the chassis 1, the power adaptation box 3 supplies power to the control cabinet 2, the power adaptation box 3 and the traveling mechanism 6, the soil sample collection mechanism 4 is vertically arranged on the chassis 1 and is rotatably connected with the chassis 1, a sampling assembly 4h for sampling soil characteristics is arranged on the soil sample collection mechanism 4, and a through hole 1a for the sampling assembly 4h to pass through is arranged on the chassis 1.
Referring to fig. 4, a chassis 1 is provided with a mounting groove 1b, a plurality of through holes 1a are distributed around the periphery of the mounting groove 1b, a soil sample collecting mechanism 4 includes a rotary driving motor 4a, a driving wheel 4b, a rotary table 4c, a fluted disc 4d, a support rod 4e, a mounting panel 4f, a lifting driving cylinder 4g and a sampling assembly 4h, the rotary table 4c, the fluted disc 4d and the support rod 4e are coaxially arranged in sequence, the mounting groove 1b is provided with a mounting plate 1c, the mounting plate 1c is provided with the rotary driving motor 4a, an output shaft of the rotary driving motor 4a is in transmission connection with the driving wheel 4b, the driving wheel 4b is meshed with the fluted disc 4d, the top end of the support rod 4e is provided with the mounting panel 4f, the lifting driving cylinder 4g is arranged on the mounting. When the rotary driving motor 4a works, the driving wheel 4b is driven to rotate, the driving wheel 4b is meshed with the fluted disc 4d, therefore, the rotary table 4c, the fluted disc 4d and the supporting rod 4e can rotate synchronously in a stepping mode, the lifting driving cylinder 4g is arranged on the mounting panel 4f at the top end of the supporting rod 4e, the lifting driving cylinder 4g can rotate around the central point of the fluted disc 4d, the output shaft of the lifting driving cylinder 4g is in transmission connection with the sampling assembly 4h, the sampling assembly 4h is provided with the temperature and humidity sensor group 4h4 and the soil ph probe 4h5 for calculating evaporation capacity, hydrological weather and soil pH value are collected respectively, the sampling assembly 4h can penetrate through the through hole 1a to sample farmland soil, and accordingly damage to farmlands and crops can be reduced.
Referring to fig. 5, the sampling module 4h includes a rain shielding disc 4h1, a detection part 4h3, a temperature and humidity sensor group 4h4 and a soil ph probe 4h5, the rain shielding disc 4h1 is in transmission connection with an output end of the lifting driving cylinder 4g, the bottom end of the rain shielding disc 4h1 is provided with a detection part 4h3, the size of the rain shielding disc 4h1 is larger than that of the detection part 4h3, the detection part 4h3 is provided with a temperature and humidity sensor group 4h4, a probe part of the temperature and humidity sensor group 4h4 is exposed out of the detection part 4h3, one end of the detection part 4h3 is connected with the rain shielding disc 4h1, the other end of the detection part 4h3 is connected with the soil ph probe 4h5, and the top end of the rain shielding disc 4h1 is provided with a plurality of water drainage grooves 4h 2. The rain shielding plate 4h1 has the functions of protecting the detection part 4h3, the temperature and humidity sensor group 4h4 and the soil ph probe 4h5 in rainy seasons, the rain shielding plate 4h1 shields rain, and then the residual rain on the rain shielding plate 4h1 can be drained from the rain shielding plate 4h1 along the drainage groove 4h 2.
Referring to fig. 6 and 7, the traveling mechanism 6 includes diameter-variable wheels 6a, a connecting shaft 6b, a driven wheel disk 6c, a transmission belt 6d, a driving wheel disk 6e, a worm wheel 6f, a worm 6g and a traveling driving motor 6h, the front end and the rear end of the chassis 1 are respectively provided with two diameter-variable wheels 6a, the two diameter-variable wheels 6a at the front end and the two diameter-variable wheels 6a at the rear end are connected through the connecting shaft 6b, the connecting shaft 6b at the front end is coaxially sleeved with the driven wheel disk 6c, the driven wheel disk 6c is connected with the driving wheel disk 6e through the transmission belt 6d, the driving wheel disk 6e is coaxially connected with the worm wheel 6f, one end of the worm wheel 6f is connected with the driving wheel disk 6e, the other end of the worm wheel 6f is rotatably connected with the top end surface of the through hole 1a, the side of the worm wheel 6f is provided with the traveling driving motor 6h, the traveling driving motor 6h and the worm wheel, the output end of the walking driving motor 6h is connected with a worm 6g in a transmission manner, and the worm 6g is meshed with a worm wheel 6 f. When the walking driving motor 6h works, the worm 6g is driven to rotate, 6g) is meshed with the worm wheel 6f, so that the worm wheel 6f rotates along with the worm wheel, and when the worm wheel 6f rotates, the connecting shaft 6b can be driven to rotate through the driving wheel disc 6e, the transmission belt 6d and the driven wheel disc 6c, so that the diameter-variable wheel 6a can rotate to drive the whole chassis 1 and all devices on the chassis 1 to walk in a farmland.
Referring to fig. 8 and 9, the variable diameter wheel 6a includes a bearing disc 6a1, electric push rods 6a2, a first arc plate 6a3 and a second arc plate 6a6, four electric push rods 6a2 are distributed on the inner circumference of the bearing disc 6a1, an output shaft of the electric push rods 6a2 extends out of the bearing disc 6a1, the output shaft of each electric push rod 6a2 is connected with a first arc plate 6a3 in a transmission manner, the first arc plate 6a3 is arc-shaped, two ends of the first arc plate 6a3 are respectively hinged with a second arc plate 6a6, the second arc plate 6a6 is arc-shaped, the size of the second arc plate 6a6 is the same as that of the first arc plate 6a3, one end of the second arc plate 6a6 is hinged with the first arc plate 6a3, and the other end of the second arc plate 6a6 is hinged with another second arc plate 6a 6. Namely, two adjacent first arc plates 6a3 are connected through two second arc plates 6a6, the first arc plate 6a3 is hinged with the second arc plate 6a6, the second arc plate 6a6 and the second arc plate 6a6, when the electric push rod 6a2 in the bearing disc 6a1 works, each first arc plate 6a3 can be jacked up or contracted, so that the diameter of the variable-diameter wheel 6a can be adjusted, and simultaneously, as all parts of the variable-diameter wheel 6a are not contacted with farmlands and crops, the damage to the farmlands and the crops can be reduced to the minimum.
The central angles of the first arc-shaped plate 6a3 and the second arc-shaped plate 6a6 are both 30 °, the two ends of the first arc-shaped plate 6a3 are respectively provided with a first hinge point 6a4 and a second hinge point 6a5, the first hinge point 6a4 is located at the outer side of the first arc-shaped plate 6a3, the second hinge point 6a5 is located at the inner side of the first arc-shaped plate 6a3, the two ends of the second arc-shaped plate 6a6 are respectively provided with a third hinge point 6a7 and a fourth hinge point 6a8, and the third hinge point 6a7 and the fourth hinge point 6a8 are both located at the inner side of the second arc-shaped plate 6a 6.
Referring to fig. 10 and 11, the control cabinet 2 includes a basic database, a water demand measuring module, an evaporation amount measuring module, and a network communication module, the basic database is connected to the water demand measuring module and the evaporation amount measuring module, the basic database is connected to the network communication module, and the communication network module performs wireless communication with an external server. The communication network module comprises a GPRS wireless communication network, a WAN network and a Zigbee network.
The basic database comprises classified stored regional landform, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data, the evaporation capacity calculation module comprises a calling module, a stage control index module, a weather forecast module and a real-time prediction module, the calling module is used for calling data in the basic database and a measuring and calculating model in the water demand measuring and calculating module, the stage control index module is used for storing stage control indexes of different stages of different crops, the weather forecast module is used for inputting precipitation, the real-time prediction module is used for calculating a farmland water depth index value at the end of a prediction stage by inputting farmland crops, comparing the farmland water depth index value with the stage control indexes, determining whether water is needed or not, and determining the water demand through the measuring and calculating model.
The soil characteristic data comprises soil type, volume weight, water holding characteristic, organic matter and soil pH value, the hydrological meteorological data comprises river water system, water level characteristic, water quality, temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed, radiation and sunshine, and the planting structure data comprises crop species, growth stage, occupied area and planting mode.
The stage control indexes comprise an upper index limit, an average index value and a lower index limit, wherein h is the upper limit, h is the average, h is the lower limit determined by the crop species and the growth stage, h is the upper limit, h is the average, h is the lower limit determined by the animal type and the growth stage, and for different animal water quality indexes, the early warning range of the indexes can be set.
The real-time prediction system monitors various parameters of farmland crops and animals in real time and controls indexes in stages
Specifically, the use method of the online monitoring device comprises the following steps:
s100) recording regional topography, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data into a basic database according to the requirements of an ecological farmland;
s200) recording the crop measuring and calculating models into water demand measuring and calculating modules respectively;
s300) comparing the input weather forecast condition and various parameters of the farmland crops and animals with the stage control indexes to obtain an evaporation amount calculation module, determining whether water is needed or not, and determining the water demand amount through a calculation model;
s400) monitoring the water quality condition of the ecological farmland in real time, comparing the actually measured water quality condition of the farmland with the stage control indexes to determine whether the ecological farmland needs water, and calculating and defining the water demand through a water demand measuring and calculating model by combining the weather forecast rainfall condition so as to irrigate and drain water and meet the water demand requirements of crops at different periods.
The working principle of the invention is as follows: according to the requirements of ecological farmland, the regional landform, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data are recorded into a basic database, crop measuring and calculating models are recorded and respectively stored in a water demand measuring and calculating module, the input weather forecast condition and various parameters of farmland crops and animals are compared with stage control indexes to obtain an evaporation capacity calculating module, whether water is needed or not is determined, the water demand is determined through the measuring and calculating module, when a rotary driving motor 4a works, a driving wheel 4b is driven to rotate, the driving wheel 4b is meshed with a fluted disc 4d, therefore, a rotary table 4c, the fluted disc 4d and a supporting rod 4e rotate in a stepping mode, a lifting driving cylinder 4g is arranged on an installation panel 4f at the top end of the supporting rod 4e, and therefore, the lifting driving cylinder 4g can rotate around the central point of the fluted disc 4d, the output shaft transmission that goes up and down to drive 4g of actuating cylinder is connected with sampling subassembly 4h, is equipped with temperature and humidity sensor group 4h4 and soil ph probe 4h5 that are used for calculating evaporation capacity on the sampling subassembly 4h, gathers hydrometeorology and soil pH valve respectively, and through-hole 1a can be passed to sampling subassembly 4h, samples farmland soil, can reduce the destruction to farmland and crops like this. When the walking driving motor 6h works, the worm 6g is driven to rotate, the worm 6g is meshed with the worm wheel 6f, therefore, the worm wheel 6f rotates along with the worm wheel, and when the worm wheel 6f rotates, the connecting shaft 6b can be driven to rotate through the driving wheel disc 6e, the transmission belt 6d and the driven wheel disc 6c, so that the diameter-variable wheel 6a can rotate to drive the whole chassis 1 and all devices on the chassis 1 to walk in a farmland. And then, monitoring the water quality condition of the ecological farmland in real time, comparing the actually measured water quality condition of the farmland with the stage control indexes to determine whether the ecological farmland needs water, and calculating and determining the water demand through a water demand measuring model by combining the weather forecast rainfall condition so as to irrigate and drain water and meet the water demand requirements of crops at different periods.
The online monitoring device integrates aquatic animal water demand and crop water demand into ecological farmland comprehensive water demand through the water demand measuring and calculating model, effectively reduces the water demand of the farmland, greatly improves the utilization efficiency of water, is more accurate and refined in farmland cultivation by adopting the ecological farmland water demand forecasting system, effectively reduces labor and uncertain cost, fully considers various influence factors, and supplements and perfects the traditional farmland water demand measuring and calculating method based on a crop-animal symbiotic farmland planting mode. By forecasting the water demand of the ecological farmland and optimally scheduling regional water resources, the demand of actual production can be better met.
Claims (10)
1. An integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption is characterized by comprising a chassis (1), wherein a control cabinet (2), a power adaptation box body (3), a soil sample collecting mechanism (4) and an alarm reminder (5) are arranged on the chassis (1), a walking mechanism (6) is arranged at the bottom end of the chassis (1), the walking mechanism (6) is used for driving the chassis (1) to walk and changing the wheel diameter according to farmland field conditions, the control cabinet (2), the power adaptation box body (3), the soil sample collecting mechanism (4) and the alarm reminder (5) are arranged on the chassis (1), the power adaptation box body (3) supplies power for the control cabinet (2), the power adaptation box body (3) and the walking mechanism (6), the soil sample collecting mechanism (4) is vertically arranged on the chassis (1) and is rotatably connected with the chassis (1), be equipped with on soil sample acquisition mechanism (4) and be used for sampling subassembly (4h) of sampling soil characteristic, be equipped with on chassis (1) and supply through-hole (1a) that sampling subassembly (4h) passed.
2. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption according to claim 1, characterized in that a mounting groove (1b) is provided on the chassis (1), a plurality of through holes (1a) are distributed on the periphery of the mounting groove (1b), the soil sample collecting mechanism (4) comprises a rotary driving motor (4a), a driving wheel (4b), a turntable (4c), a fluted disc (4d), a supporting rod (4e), a mounting panel (4f), a lifting driving cylinder (4g) and a sampling assembly (4h), the turntable (4c), the fluted disc (4d) and the supporting rod (4e) are coaxially arranged in sequence, a mounting plate (1c) is provided on the mounting groove (1b), the rotary driving motor (4a) is provided on the mounting plate (1c), and an output shaft of the rotary driving motor (4a) is connected with the driving wheel (4b), action wheel (4b) and fluted disc (4d) meshing, the top of bracing piece (4e) is equipped with installation panel (4f), be equipped with on installation panel (4f) lift drive actuating cylinder (4g), the output shaft transmission that lift driven actuating cylinder (4g) is connected with sampling subassembly (4 h).
3. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption according to claim 2, characterized in that the sampling assembly (4h) comprises a rain shielding disc (4h1), a detection part (4h3), a temperature and humidity sensor group (4h4) and a soil ph probe (4h5), the rain shielding disc (4h1) is in transmission connection with the output end of the lifting driving cylinder (4g), the detection part (4h3) is arranged at the bottom end of the rain shielding disc (4h1), the size of the rain shielding disc (4h1) is larger than that of the detection part (4h3), the temperature and humidity sensor group (4h4) is arranged on the detection part (4h3), the probe part of the temperature and humidity sensor group (4h4) is exposed out of the detection part (4h3), one end of the detection part (4h3) is connected with the rain shielding disc (4h1), and the other end of the detection part (4h3) is connected with the soil ph probe (4h5), the top end of the rain shield disc (4h1) is provided with a plurality of drainage grooves (4h 2).
4. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption according to claim 3, characterized in that the walking mechanism (6) comprises diameter-variable wheels (6a), a connecting shaft (6b), a driven wheel disc (6c), a transmission belt (6d), a driven wheel disc (6e), a worm wheel (6f), a worm (6g) and a walking driving motor (6h), the front end and the rear end of the chassis (1) are respectively provided with two diameter-variable wheels (6a), the two diameter-variable wheels (6a) at the front end and the two diameter-variable wheels (6a) at the rear end are connected through the connecting shaft (6b), the driven wheel disc (6c) is coaxially sleeved on the connecting shaft (6b) at the front end, the driven wheel disc (6c) is connected with the driven wheel disc (6e) through the transmission belt (6d), initiative rim plate (6e) with worm wheel (6f) coaxial coupling, the one end and the action wheel dish (6e) of worm wheel (6f) are connected, and the other end and the top face of through-hole (1a) of worm wheel (6f) rotate to be connected, and the lateral part of worm wheel (6f) is equipped with walking driving motor (6h), walking driving motor (6h) and worm wheel (6f) set up the homonymy in through-hole (1a), and the output transmission of walking driving motor (6h) is connected with worm (6g), worm (6g) and worm wheel (6f) meshing.
5. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption according to claim 4, characterized in that the diameter-variable wheel (6a) comprises a bearing disc (6a1), electric push rods (6a2), a first arc plate (6a3) and a second arc plate (6a6), four electric push rods (6a2) are distributed on the inner circumference of the bearing disc (6a1), the output shafts of the electric push rods (6a2) extend out of the bearing disc (6a1), the output shaft of each electric push rod (6a2) is in transmission connection with one first arc plate (6a3), the first arc plate (6a3) is arranged in an arc shape, two ends of the first arc plate (6a3) are respectively hinged with one second arc plate (6a6), the second arc plate (6a6) is arranged in an arc shape, and the second arc plate (6a6) is the same as the first arc plate (6a3), one end of the second arc plate (6a6) is hinged with the first arc plate (6a3), and the other end of the second arc plate (6a6) is hinged with another second arc plate (6a 6).
6. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption according to claim 5, characterized in that the central angles of the first arc plate (6a3) and the second arc plate (6a6) are both 30 °, the two ends of the first arc plate (6a3) are respectively provided with a first hinge point (6a4) and a second hinge point (6a5), the first hinge point (6a4) is located at the outer side of the first arc plate (6a3), the second hinge point (6a5) is located at the inner side of the first arc plate (6a3), the two ends of the second arc plate (6a6) are respectively provided with a third hinge point (6a7) and a fourth hinge point (6a8), and the third hinge point (6a7) and the fourth hinge point (6a8) are both located at the inner side of the second arc plate (6a 6).
7. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption according to claim 6, characterized in that the control cabinet (2) comprises a basic database, a water demand measuring and calculating module, an evaporation capacity measuring and calculating module and a network communication module, wherein the basic database is respectively connected with the water demand measuring and calculating module and the evaporation capacity measuring and calculating module, the basic database is connected with the network communication module, and the communication network module is in wireless communication with an external server.
8. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water demand according to claim 7, wherein the basic database comprises the classified stored regional topography, soil characteristics, hydrological weather and planting structure data, the evaporation capacity calculation module comprises a calling module, a stage control index module, a weather forecast module and a real-time prediction module, the calling module is used for calling the data in the basic database and a measuring and calculating model in the water demand measuring and calculating module, the stage control index module is used for storing the stage control indexes of different stages of different crops, the weather forecast module is used for inputting precipitation, the real-time prediction module is used for calculating the farmland water depth index value at the end of the prediction stage by inputting the farmland crops and comparing the farmland depth index value with the stage control indexes to determine whether water demand exists or not, and the water demand is determined by a measuring and calculating model.
9. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption according to claim 8, wherein the soil characteristic data comprises soil type, volume weight, water retention characteristic, organic matter and soil pH value, the hydrological meteorological data comprises river water system, water level characteristic, water quality, temperature and humidity, rainfall, wind speed, radiation and sunshine, and the planting structure data comprises crop species, growth stage, occupied area and planting mode.
10. The integrated online monitoring device for farmland evaporation capacity and crop water consumption according to claim 9, wherein the communication network module comprises a GPRS wireless communication network, a WAN network and a Zigbee network.
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