CN115113046B - Test method for rapidly evaluating maximum discharge rate of battery - Google Patents
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
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- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
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Abstract
A test method for rapidly evaluating the maximum discharge rate of a battery has the technical scheme key points that: when the battery is used, the working voltage range is required, and when constant-power discharge is adopted, the current is dynamically changed in the whole discharge process, and the current has a certain change range; determining the discharge power by adjusting the initial power according to the actual type of the battery by using a power iterative calculation formula, so that the maximum possible discharge current is preferably in the range of 60-90% of the current working range under the discharge power; screening and judging the maximum discharge current according to the constant power discharge test result and through the discharge capacity, voltage, current and temperature variation trend; and (4) carrying out constant current discharge test on the screened maximum discharge current, and determining whether the rate discharge is proper or not through capacity, discharge temperature rise and the like. The design of the invention is more reasonable, and the test time and the test cost can be saved when the maximum discharge rate of the battery is evaluated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the evaluation and test of the maximum discharge rate of a battery, in particular to the evaluation and test of the maximum discharge rate of the battery, which is suitable for determining the maximum discharge rate of the battery when the working voltage range of the battery is wide.
Background
In recent years, with the rapid development of science and technology, more and more electric devices such as instruments, household appliances, toys and the like are designed and developed, wherein a plurality of electric devices use batteries as direct or indirect power sources, and the batteries are widely applied in various aspects of people's lives. Different electric equipment has different requirements on the battery performance, so that the capacity, the working voltage range, the discharge multiplying power, the discharge temperature rise, the use temperature range and the like of the battery are the key points for the investigation in the battery type selection process. The highest discharge rate performance of the battery in the battery model selection process is usually only an empirical value, and the actually-achieved highest discharge rate of the battery is usually higher. If the actual highest discharge rate which can be achieved by the battery is determined, the discharge performance of the battery under different rates needs to be verified, the highest discharge rate which can be achieved by the battery can be determined after multiple rate performance tests are carried out, and whether the battery selected by people meets the rate discharge requirement of the electric equipment and the allowance of the maximum discharge current is further evaluated, so that the method for repeatedly carrying out the test verification not only consumes time, but also has high test cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to develop a rapid and accurate evaluation and test method for the maximum discharge current of a reaction battery.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the test method for rapidly evaluating the maximum discharge rate of the battery comprises the selection of initial power, constant power during experimental test and maximum discharge current, and is characterized in that: determining the working voltage range of the battery according to the type of the battery; because the battery has the characteristic that the current continuously increases along with the reduction of the voltage when the battery is discharged at constant power, the proper discharge power is selected by adjusting the initial power by utilizing a power iterative calculation formula, so that the current range contains the maximum possible discharge current I of the battery when the battery is discharged at constant power pos (ii) a And (4) carrying out constant-current discharge verification on the maximum discharge current screened and judged in the constant-power discharge process, and determining to meet the design requirement.
The battery can be a secondary battery such as a ternary battery, a lithium iron phosphate battery, a lithium cobaltate battery, a lead-acid battery, a cadmium-nickel battery and the like, or a primary battery such as a zinc-manganese battery, a zinc-silver button and the like.
The working voltage range of the battery is different with different types of batteries, and the corresponding current working range and the voltage working range (V) of the selected battery during constant-power discharge min ～V max ) And (4) correspondingly.
The iterative calculation is carried out according to the initial setting power value P 0 Voltage operating range (V) min ～V max ) And obtaining an iterative power calculation formula P by using a current formula I = P/U n =V max n *P 0 /V min n The corresponding current operating range is (P) n-1 /V min ～P n /V min ) Or (V) max n-1 P 0 /V min n ～V max n P 0 /V min n+1 ）。
The discharge power P n According to a set power initial value P 0 And voltage operating range (V) min ～V max ) By iterative computation, P can be obtained n And its corresponding continuous current operating range (P) n-1 /V min ～P n /V min ) (ii) a Initial value P 0 And P n Is selected such that the maximum possible discharge current value I of the battery is pos Is located in (P) n-1 /V min ～P n /V min ) Preferably 60% to 90%.
The maximum discharge current screened and judged by the battery during the constant power test is characterized in that the voltage may be rapidly reduced in the test process, the current and the temperature may be rapidly increased, or the discharge capacity of the battery is low when the discharge is finished, and the mutation points and the periphery of the mutation points have the possibility of the maximum discharge current point. Maximum possible discharge current I selected for the first time if the voltage, current, temperature or capacity fluctuation is found to be too large or too gentle by constant-power discharge pos If too large or too small, the maximum possible discharge current I can be selected again according to the first constant power discharge test result pos And further reselects P n 。
Performing constant-current discharge verification on the maximum discharge current selected in the constant-power discharge test, and if the discharge capacity meets a design value, determining the value as the maximum discharge current value of the battery; if the discharge rate does not meet the requirements, selecting too large discharge rate, and properly reducing the discharge rate for retesting.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with the existing test method, the invention has the advantages that:
1. the invention can observe continuous discharge current and voltage states through a primary constant power test of the battery;
2. the invention can calculate the maximum possible discharge current I of the battery before testing through iteration pos The working current is controlled within the range of 60-90% of the screened working current, so that the mutation point of the constant-power discharge process of the battery can be conveniently observed, and I can be directly observed during testing pos The front and the back correspond to the voltage change of the current value.
3. The invention combines the advantage of continuous current change in constant power test with the advantage of two test methods capable of accurately evaluating the multiplying power discharge performance of the battery in constant current test, and realizes simple and rapid evaluation of the battery in a rough evaluation stage and accurate and reliable verification of the multiplying power verification stage.
4. The method is simple, rapid and accurate in testing the maximum discharge rate process of the battery, has low test cost and short test time compared with the traditional method of simply setting a plurality of rate discharge gradients for testing, and can simultaneously obtain discharge capacity information and voltage characteristics under different discharge rate conditions during constant-power discharge.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the constant power test according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the constant current test according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of the operation of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Detailed description lithium cobalt oxide battery examples:
the specific operation of the invention is as follows: the testing principle of the invention is that according to P = UI, when constant power discharge is carried out, the voltage of the battery is discharged along with the dischargeThe process is gradually reduced, and the discharge current is gradually increased along with the reduction of the independent variable U, so that the battery constant power test at one time can preliminarily represent a plurality of multiplying power discharge performances. The working voltage range of a common lithium cobalt oxide battery is 2.75V-4.2V, and if the test power is P, the corresponding working range of the discharge current is (P/4.2-P/2.75); by adjusting the initial power P using a power iterative calculation formula 0 The discharge power P can be determined n So that the maximum possible discharge current I pos At constant power P n The working range of current is 60-90% in the discharging process; judging the maximum discharge current according to the actual constant-power discharge test result; and carrying out constant current discharge test on the judged maximum discharge current, and judging whether the current is the maximum discharge current according to a test result.
The battery type is a lithium cobalt oxide battery, and the working voltage range of the lithium cobalt oxide battery is 2.75V-4.2V. The battery type and the battery working voltage range can be flexibly selected according to the use requirement.
When the test power of the lithium cobaltate battery is P, the larger the corresponding current working range width is P (1/2.75-1/4.2), namely 0.126P, the larger the corresponding current working range width is, the more the rate discharge performance can be reflected by one test is.
The iterative calculation of the power of the lithium cobalt oxide battery is carried out according to a set power value P 0 The iterative power calculation formula P can be obtained by the voltage working range (2.75V-4.2V) and the current formula I = P/U n =（4.2 n *P 0 ）/2.75 n The current operating range corresponding to this power is (4.2) n-1 P 0 /2.75 n ～4.2 n P 0 /2.75 n+1 ). The specific iterative calculation formula and the corresponding current range are shown in the following table. Other types of batteries can also be adjusted properly according to the actual working voltage range of the battery through the table, and then the power iterative calculation formula of the corresponding battery can be obtained.
The discharge power P n Adjusting the initial power P by using a power iterative calculation formula according to the actual type of the selected battery 0 So that the empirically estimated maximum possible discharge current I pos At constant power P n Current working range during discharge (4.2) n- 1 P 0 /2.75 n ～4.2 n P 0 /2.75 n+1 ) Within 60% -90%. For example, in the 5Ah lithium cobalt oxide battery of this embodiment, the maximum possible discharge current upper limit is estimated to be 105A according to experience, and when the initial power P is adjusted 0 At 0.8W, P after 14 iterations 14 300.6W, a discharge current working range (71.6A-109.3A), a discharge current range width of 37.7A, and a maximum possible discharge current 105A at P 14 At the position of 88.6% of the working range of the discharging current under the constant power condition, the maximum possible discharging current is in the range of 60% -90% discharging current, namely (94.2A-105.5A), and P can be selected 14 Constant power discharge is performed. Obviously, the initial power P 0 Not exclusively, e.g. adjusting initial power P 0 Is 4.967 x 10 -3 W, P after 26 iterations 26 300.6W, the same selected power as in the previous embodiment can be achieved. Other types of batteries have a maximum possible discharge current I determined according to the above-mentioned principle pos When the position within the working range of the test current is not suitable, the battery voltage can be flexibly adjusted according to the type of the battery and the working voltage range of the battery.
The maximum discharge current judged during the actual constant-power discharge test is characterized in that the voltage may rapidly drop, the current and the temperature may rapidly rise in the test process, or the discharge capacity of the battery is low at the end of discharge, and the mutation points and the periphery of the mutation points have the possibility of the maximum discharge current point. If the maximum discharge current is judged by constant power discharge of the lithium cobalt oxide battery in the embodiment, the point near the position where the absolute value of the slope of the voltage in the second half section of the discharge process is the maximum is selected, the schematic diagram of the constant power test is shown in figure 1, the maximum point of the absolute value of the slope is about 3.0V, and the point 3.2V before the position 3.0V is taken as the point where the maximum discharge current of the battery is judged. If the voltage, current, temperature or capacity fluctuation slope is too large or too gentle through constant power discharge, the maximum possible discharge current I selected for the first time pos Too large or too small, and can be picked again according to the first constant power discharge test resultSelecting the maximum possible discharge current I pos And further reselects P n 。
The constant current discharge verification is carried out on the judged maximum discharge current, a constant current test schematic diagram is shown in an attached figure 2, and if the discharge capacity meets a design value, the value can be determined as the maximum discharge current value of the battery; if the discharge rate does not meet the requirement, selecting the current discharge rate to be too large, and properly reducing the discharge rate for retesting.
The invention can be properly adjusted according to the test requirements of users, and can realize the rapid evaluation of the maximum discharge multiplying power of different types of batteries. When the actual use voltage range of the battery to be tested is adjusted, the power during the discharge test can be determined only by carrying out proper adjustment according to an iterative formula. The method is simple, rapid and accurate in the process of testing the maximum discharge rate of the battery, and the test economy is very high compared with the traditional method.
The following table is a derivation table of iterative calculation formula of the power of the lithium cobaltate battery.
The above examples are merely examples for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. It is not necessary or necessary to exhaustively enumerate all embodiments herein, and obvious variations or modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A test method for rapidly evaluating the maximum discharge rate of a battery is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1) determining the battery type and the battery working voltage range: v min ～V max ；
S2) according to a current formula I = P/U, when constant power discharge is adopted, P is a constant value, the current I continuously changes in a battery working voltage range, and the current working range is as follows: p/V max ～P/V min ；
S3) setting an initial value P of the power P 0 By iterative computation, P can be obtained n And the corresponding current working range: p n-1 /V min ～P n /V min ；
S4) maximum possible discharge current I according to the selected battery pos Making it be in the current range of the iterative calculation result of S3), determining battery discharge power P n ；
S5) carrying out P n Testing constant power discharge under the condition, observing the change of voltage, current, temperature and final discharge capacity in the discharge process, screening and judging the maximum possible discharge current;
s6) carrying out constant current discharge test according to the maximum possible discharge current screened and judged by constant power discharge, observing the changes of capacity, voltage and temperature in the discharge process, and if the discharge capacity does not meet the design value during the constant current discharge test, determining that the current discharge multiplying power is too large and needs to be reselected again; then, the discharge current can be tested after one current value is selected according to the step S5); if the requirement is met, the value can be determined as the maximum discharge current value of the battery; it may finally be determined whether the current meets the requirements.
2. The test method for rapidly evaluating the maximum discharge rate of a battery according to claim 1, wherein: the initial value P of the power P in the step S3 0 By iterative computation, P can be obtained n ＝V max n *P 0 /V min n The corresponding current operating range: p n-1 /V min ～P n /V min Or V max n-1 P 0 /V min n ～V max n P 0 /V min n+1 。
3. The test method for rapidly evaluating the maximum discharge rate of a battery according to claim 1, wherein: the discharging power P determined in the step S4 n Is powered by electricityMaximum possible discharge current I of the cell pos Determining the maximum possible discharge current I pos Is located in (P) n-1 /V min ～P n /V min ) 60% -90% of the total weight of the composition.
4. The test method for rapidly evaluating the maximum discharge rate of a battery according to claim 3, wherein: if the possible maximum discharge current Ipos selected for the first time is too large or too small, the possible maximum discharge current Ipos may be reselected to select Pn again according to the result of the constant power discharge test obtained in step S5.
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