CN112379289A - Method for testing maximum current of lithium ion battery - Google Patents
Method for testing maximum current of lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
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- CN112379289A CN112379289A CN202011198304.5A CN202011198304A CN112379289A CN 112379289 A CN112379289 A CN 112379289A CN 202011198304 A CN202011198304 A CN 202011198304A CN 112379289 A CN112379289 A CN 112379289A
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003446 memory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery, which comprises the following steps: s1, testing the actual capacity of the battery, S2, adjusting the SOC state, and S3, testing the maximum current, namely testing the actual capacity by placing the battery at the temperature to be tested, adjusting the SOC state to a target state according to the measured actual capacity, and testing the maximum current in different SOC states by adopting a constant voltage pulse mode after placing for a certain time. The invention adopts a constant voltage pulse mode to test the maximum charging and discharging current, avoids the deviation of results generated by only adopting a single current, has convenient and quick operation and setting and simple data processing, can accurately obtain the maximum charging and discharging current under different SOC, and has no influence on the battery performance under the condition of short pulse time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of testing the electrical condition of a storage battery, in particular to a method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery.
Background
With the gradual deepening of global energy crisis, electric vehicles as new energy and environment-friendly low-carbon are rapidly developed. The power of the electric automobile comes from the battery, and the quality of the battery performance directly determines the cruising ability and the safety performance of the electric automobile. The lithium ion battery is widely applied to the electric automobile due to the advantages of high working voltage of a single battery, large specific energy, no memory effect and the like, and belongs to one of the battery types adopted by current mainstream automobile manufacturers.
Lithium ion batteries are a core component of electric vehicles, and their safety, reliability and service life are receiving much attention. In order to ensure the safety and reliability of the whole battery system, a battery management system is required to monitor the temperature, voltage, current and other information of the battery in real time, and the battery control unit feeds back the battery condition to provide the working capacity of the battery under different states and environments. In the actual use process of a vehicle, for example, when an electric vehicle is started or accelerated, a large power torque is required, and a battery pack needs to output a large power and a large current to meet the power requirement. Therefore, an evaluation method is needed to evaluate the maximum charging and discharging current that can be borne by the lithium ion battery in each state, the maximum charging and discharging current should be a set limit value, and the actual charging and discharging current is controlled by the battery management system not to exceed the maximum current value that can be used by the battery.
The conventional HPPC testing method adopts two currents of low multiplying power and high multiplying power to test and evaluate the charging direct current internal resistance, the discharging direct current internal resistance and the corresponding power capacity of the battery. However, the method for testing the power capability of the battery by only adopting a certain current lacks comprehensiveness, and the maximum current value of the battery which can be used in different charge states cannot be accurately evaluated. In addition, the lithium ion battery has different responses under different current conditions, which causes one-sidedness of the test result, and the maximum current value which can be borne by the lithium ion battery is different under different SOC states.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery, which can accurately obtain the maximum charging and discharging current in different SOC states, provide reference for the charging and discharging current actually required by the lithium ion power battery, provide data support for establishing a maximum allowable charging and discharging current estimation model of a battery management system, avoid the deviation of results generated by only adopting a single current, and has the advantages of convenient and quick operation and setting, simple data processing and no influence on the battery performance under the condition of short pulse time.
In order to achieve the above purpose of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery comprises the following steps:
s1, testing the actual capacity of the battery: selecting a battery to be tested, placing the battery in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for laying aside for 4-72 h to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and placing the battery with a current I1Charging with constant current to cut-off voltage V1Then, constant voltage charging is carried out until the charging current is reduced to I2Stopping charging, standing for no less than 30min, and adding I1Discharge to lower limit voltage V2Recording discharge capacity and discharge energy, and determining the discharge capacity as actual capacity C of the battery1；
S2, SOC state adjustment: fully charging the battery at constant current and constant voltage according to the step S1, standing for no less than 30min after charging, and measuring the discharge capacity C according to the step S11Discharging at constant current at n hours for 0.01n (100-x) hours, adjusting to x% SOC state, standing for 0.5-24 hours for subsequent test, wherein n is greater than 0, and x is 0-100;
s3, testing the maximum current:
a. discharging the battery to a lower limit voltage at a constant current according to the n hour rate in the step S2, and adjusting the SOC state of the battery to 0%;
b. standing t1H, hours;
c. setting constant voltage charging to upper limit voltage VmaxPulse t2 s；
d. Then standing for t3The method comprises the following steps of (1) taking minutes;
e. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOC1Repeating the b-e process m times until the SOC is reached1、SOC2、…SOCh；
f. Then the battery is charged with constant current and constant voltage until the current is reduced to I2Adjusting the SOC to 100% SOC state of charge;
g. standing t1H, hours;
h. setting constant voltage discharge to lower limit voltage VminPulse t2 s；
i. Then standing for t3The method comprises the following steps of (1) taking minutes;
j. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOChRepeating the g-j process m times until the SOC is reachedh、SOCh-1、…SOC1；
Wherein, the repetition times m can be determined according to the number of SOC states actually tested, and a voltage-current curve in the charge-discharge pulse stage is selected, wherein the peak value I of the current in the pulse stagemaxI.e. the maximum current in the SOC state, the standing time t10.5-24 h, the pulse time t21s to 100s, the standing time t3Is 1-30 min.
The method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery adopts a constant voltage pulse mode to test the maximum current in different SOC states on the basis of not damaging the performance of the battery. The method adopts a constant voltage pulse mode to test the maximum charging and discharging current, avoids the deviation of results generated by only adopting a single current, is convenient and quick to operate and set, is simple in data processing, can accurately obtain the maximum charging and discharging current under different SOC, has no influence on the performance of the battery under the condition of short pulse time, can provide reference for the actually required charging and discharging current of the lithium ion power battery, and provides data support for the establishment of a maximum allowable charging and discharging current estimation model of a battery management system.
Further, in step S1, charging and discharging are repeated for 5 times, discharging capacity and discharging energy are recorded, the discharging capacity range is calculated for 3 times continuously and is less than 2% of rated capacity, and the operation can be ended, and the actual capacity C of the battery1The average value of the continuous 3-time discharge capacity was obtained.
In the step S1 of testing the actual capacity of the battery, the testing method ensures that the charge-discharge capacity of the battery is in a stable state by adopting constant current charging to cut-off voltage for 5 times or more than 5 times and constant current discharging to cut-off voltage, and reduces the measurement error.
Further, in step S3, when the maximum charging current is tested, the SOC1、SOC2、…SOChThe x value of the voltage is sequentially increased or decreased, and the SOC is obtained when the maximum discharge current is testedh、SOCh-1、…SOC1The x values of (a) are sequentially incremented or decremented.
According to the testing method, when the maximum charging current and the maximum discharging current are tested, the SOC charge state is increased or decreased in an increasing or decreasing mode, the state of the battery in the actual using process can be simulated, data with reference value are provided for the charging and discharging current actually required by the lithium ion power battery, and more important data support is provided for the establishment of the maximum allowable charging and discharging current estimation model of the battery management system.
Further, in which I10.1C to 5C (A), C is rated capacity at 1 hour rate, V1And upper limit voltage VmaxIs 3.7V to 4.7V, I20.01C to 0.5C (A), V22.4V to 3.4V, lower limit voltage VminThe voltage of the battery is 2.0V-3.8V, and the measured voltage of the battery is the terminal voltage of the battery.
The testing method of the invention carries out charging and discharging according to the property of the battery and correspondingly sets the cut-off current and the cut-off voltage of the charging and discharging.
Further, the anode and the cathode of the lithium ion battery are connected with the anode and the cathode of the device by using a test lead, and the resistance of the test lead is less than or equal to 10m omega.
According to the testing method, the tested lead needs to have surplus overflowing area, and extra heat generation caused by insufficient overflowing area is avoided.
Further, the current for adjusting the SOC is 0.2C-2C.
According to the testing method, the current is adopted for adjusting the state of charge, so that the testing efficiency can be improved, and the adverse effect on the stability of the internal structure of the testing battery is avoided.
Furthermore, the test temperature range of the battery is-40 ℃ to 100 ℃, and preferably-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
The test method provided by the invention is used for testing the actual service temperature of the battery, and can provide data according to reference significance.
Further, the method comprises，t1Is 0.5h to 24h, preferably 1h or 2h, t2Is 1s to 100s, preferably 10s, 18s or 60s, t3Is 1min to 30min, preferably 5min, 10min or 15 min.
The testing method of the invention optimizes the time, improves the testing efficiency and ensures the accuracy of the testing result.
Further, the lithium ion battery comprises one of a square battery, a cylindrical battery and a soft package battery with an aluminum plastic film.
The testing method is suitable for testing the main lithium ion battery at present.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery adopts a constant voltage pulse mode to test the maximum current in different SOC states, avoids the deviation of results generated by only adopting single current, is convenient and quick to operate and set, is simple in data processing, can accurately obtain the maximum charging and discharging current in different SOC states, and has no influence on the battery performance under the condition of short pulse time;
2. the test method of the invention provides data with more reference value for the charge and discharge current actually required by the lithium ion power battery when testing the maximum charge current, and provides more important data support for establishing the maximum allowable charge and discharge current estimation model of the battery management system.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
Examples
A method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery, wherein the lithium ion battery adopts a lithium iron phosphate battery, comprises the following steps:
s1, testing the actual capacity of the battery: and selecting a battery to be tested, placing the battery in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for standing for 4-72 hours to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and testing the battery after the temperature of the battery is thermally stable. The thermal stable state of the battery means that the temperature change of the battery is less than 1K within 1h, and the thermal stable state can be considered to be achieved. Preferably, the temperature to be measured is set to-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
Charging the battery with current I1Charging with constant current to cut-off voltage V1Then, constant voltage charging is carried out until the charging current is reduced to I2Stopping charging, standing for no less than 30min, and adding I1Discharge to lower limit voltage V2Recording discharge capacity and discharge energy, and determining the discharge capacity as actual capacity C of the battery1In which I10.1C to 5C (A), C is rated capacity at 1 hour rate, V1Is 3.7V to 4.7V, I20.01C to 0.5C (A), V2The voltage of the battery is 2.4V-3.4V, and the measured voltage of the battery is the terminal voltage of the battery. The anode and the cathode of the lithium ion battery are connected with the anode and the cathode of the device by using the test lead, the resistance of the test lead is less than or equal to 10m omega, the tested lead needs to have surplus overcurrent area, and extra heat production caused by insufficient overcurrent area is avoided. If the clamp is used in the test process, the clamp is required to be ensured to be clean and free from corrosion, and the contact internal resistance is prevented from being overlarge.
Preferably, in step S1, the charge and discharge are repeated 5 times, the discharge capacity and the discharge energy are recorded, the calculation is finished when the range of the discharge capacity is less than 2% of the rated capacity for 3 times continuously, and the actual capacity C of the battery1The average value of the continuous 3-time discharge capacity was obtained. Calculating the range of the continuous 3-time discharge capacity to be more than 2% of the rated capacity, and continuing to charge and discharge until the range of the continuous 3-time discharge capacity of the battery is less than 2% of the rated capacity, wherein the actual capacity C can be terminated1The average value of the continuous 3-time discharge capacity was obtained.
S2, SOC state adjustment: placing the battery to be tested in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for 4-72 h to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and testing after the temperature of the battery is thermally stable. Preferably, the temperature to be measured is set to-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
Fully charging the battery at constant current and constant voltage according to the step S1, standing for no less than 30min after charging, and measuring the discharge capacity C according to the step S11Discharging at constant current at n hours rate for 0.01n (100-x) hour, adjusting to x% SOC state, standing for 0.5-24 h for subsequent test, wherein n is largeAt 0, x is 0-100;
s3, testing the maximum current: placing the battery to be tested in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for 4-72 h to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and testing after the temperature of the battery is thermally stable. Preferably, the temperature to be measured is set to-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
a. Discharging the battery to a lower limit voltage according to the constant current with the constant current rate of n hours in the step S2, and adjusting the SOC state of charge of 0 percent, wherein the current for adjusting the SOC can be 0.2-2C, and is preferably 1C;
b. standing t1Hour, t1The time can be 0.5 h-24 h, preferably 1h and 2 h;
c. setting constant voltage charging to upper limit voltage VmaxPulse t2 s，VmaxThe setting is 3.7V-4.7V, t2Can be 1 s-100 s, preferably 10s, 18s and 60 s;
d. then standing for t3Minutes, t3Can be 1 min-30 min, preferably 5min, 10min and 15 min;
e. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOC1Repeating the b-e process m times until the SOC is reached1、SOC2、…SOChWherein the number of repetitions m may be determined according to the number of actual SOC states tested, preferably, SOC1、SOC2、…SOChThe values are sequentially increased and further set to 10% SOC and 20% SOC … 90% SOC;
f. then with a current I1Charging with constant current to cut-off voltage V1Then, constant voltage charging is carried out until the charging current is reduced to I2Stopping charging and adjusting the SOC to 100% SOC state of charge;
g. standing t1Hour, t1The time can be 0.5 h-24 h, preferably 1h and 2 h;
h. setting constant voltage discharge to lower limit voltage Vmin，VminIs 2.0V to 3.8V, t2Can be 1 s-100 s, preferably 10s, 18s and 60 s;
i. then standing for t3Minutes, t3Can be 1 min-30 min, preferably 5min, 10min and 15 min;
j. according to step S2Adjust the battery to the next SOChRepeating the g-j process m times, wherein the repetition time m can be determined according to the number of the SOC states actually tested until the SOC is reachedh、SOCh-1、…SOC1Preferably, SOCh、SOCh-1、…SOC1The numerical values are sequentially decreased and further set to be 90%, 80% and … 10%;
selecting a voltage current curve in a charge-discharge pulse phase, wherein the peak value I of the current in the pulse phasemaxI.e. the maximum current in the SOC state.
The tested lithium ion battery comprises one of a square battery, a cylindrical battery and an aluminum plastic film soft package battery. The equipment required for the above test must ensure a certain precision and resolution, and the pulse phase data acquisition time is at least 0.1 s.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present invention, and it is not limited to the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, testing the actual capacity of the battery: selecting a battery to be tested, placing the battery in constant temperature equipment at-40-100 ℃ for laying aside for 4-72 h to ensure that the temperature of the battery is consistent with the ambient temperature, and placing the battery with a current I1Charging with constant current to cut-off voltage V1Then, constant voltage charging is carried out until the charging current is reduced to I2Stopping charging, standing for no less than 30min, and adding I1Discharge to lower limit voltage V2Recording discharge capacity and discharge energy, and determining the discharge capacity as actual capacity C of the battery1；
S2, SOC state adjustment: fully charging the battery at constant current and constant voltage according to the step S1, standing for no less than 30min after full charging, and measuring the discharge capacity C according to the step S11Constant current discharge at n hours rate 0.01n (100-x) smallThen, after the SOC state is adjusted to be x%, standing for 0.5-24 h for subsequent testing, wherein n is larger than 0, and x is 0-100;
s3, testing the maximum current:
a. discharging the battery to a lower limit voltage at a constant current according to the n hour rate in the step S2, and adjusting the SOC state of the battery to 0%;
b. standing t1H, hours;
c. setting constant voltage charging to upper limit voltage VmaxPulse t2 s；
d. Then standing for t3The method comprises the following steps of (1) taking minutes;
e. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOC1Repeating the b-e process m times until the SOC is reached1、SOC2、…SOCh；
f. Then the battery is charged with constant current and constant voltage until the current is reduced to I2Adjusting the SOC to 100% SOC state of charge;
g. standing t1H, hours;
h. setting constant voltage discharge to lower limit voltage VminPulse t2 s；
i. Then standing for t3The method comprises the following steps of (1) taking minutes;
j. according to step S2, the battery is adjusted to the next SOChRepeating the g-j process m times until the SOC is reachedh、SOCh-1、…SOC1；
Wherein, the repetition times m can be determined according to the number of SOC states actually tested, and a voltage-current curve in the charge-discharge pulse stage is selected, wherein the peak value I of the current in the pulse stagemaxI.e. the maximum current in the SOC state, the standing time t10.5-24 h, the pulse time t21s to 100s, the standing time t3Is 1-30 min.
2. The method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step S1 is repeated for 5 times, the discharge capacity and the discharge energy are recorded, the discharge capacity range is calculated for 3 times continuously and is less than 2% of the rated capacity, and the test can be finished, and the actual capacity C of the battery is obtained1Get continuousAverage value of 3 discharge capacities.
3. The method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step S3, the SOC is determined when the maximum charging current is tested1、SOC2、…SOChThe x value of the voltage is sequentially increased or decreased, and the SOC is obtained when the maximum discharge current is testedh、SOCh-1、…SOC1The x values of (a) are sequentially incremented or decremented.
4. The method for testing the maximum current of a lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein I is10.1C to 5C (A), C is rated capacity at 1 hour rate, V1And upper limit voltage VmaxIs 3.7V to 4.7V, I20.01C to 0.5C (A), V22.4V to 3.4V, lower limit voltage VminThe voltage of the battery is 2.0V-3.8V, and the measured voltage of the battery is the terminal voltage of the battery.
5. The method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery according to claim 4, wherein the positive and negative electrodes of the lithium ion battery are connected with the positive and negative electrodes of the device by using a test lead, and the resistance of the test lead is less than or equal to 10m Ω.
6. The method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the current for adjusting the SOC state is 0.2C-2C.
7. The method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the battery testing temperature ranges from-40 ℃ to 100 ℃.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the cell test temperature is-20 ℃, 0 ℃, 25 ℃ or 45 ℃.
9. The method for testing maximum current of lithium ion battery according to claim 1,characterized by t1Is 0.5h to 24h, preferably 1h or 2h, t2Is 1s to 100s, preferably 10s, 18s or 60s, t3Is 1min to 30min, preferably 5min, 10min or 15 min.
10. The method for testing the maximum current of the lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein the lithium ion battery comprises one of a prismatic battery, a cylindrical battery and a soft package aluminum plastic film battery.
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Cited By (6)
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| CN112949101A (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2021-06-11 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Method, device, equipment and medium for acquiring pulse charging and discharging maximum current of battery |
| CN113820603A (en) * | 2021-08-29 | 2021-12-21 | 西北工业大学 | Method for predicting output energy of lithium battery pack |
| CN114062946A (en) * | 2021-10-21 | 2022-02-18 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | Method and system for testing operation limiting current of lithium ion battery |
| CN114236394A (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2022-03-25 | 天津市捷威动力工业有限公司 | Method for testing maximum current of battery core and application |
| CN115113046A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-27 | 河南新太行电源股份有限公司 | Test method for rapidly evaluating maximum discharge rate of battery |
| CN117565748A (en) * | 2024-01-15 | 2024-02-20 | 南昌大学 | Lithium ion battery charging control method |
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