CN106025409A - Variable constant-current constant-voltage charging method - Google Patents
Variable constant-current constant-voltage charging method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106025409A CN106025409A CN201610562934.3A CN201610562934A CN106025409A CN 106025409 A CN106025409 A CN 106025409A CN 201610562934 A CN201610562934 A CN 201610562934A CN 106025409 A CN106025409 A CN 106025409A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010281 constant-current constant-voltage charging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000007600 charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 118
- 238000010277 constant-current charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000010280 constant potential charging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000010278 pulse charging Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011217 control strategy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a variable constant-current constant-voltage charging method which comprises the following steps: when the voltage of a battery is relatively low, trickle charging is carried out according to information fed back after sampling; when the voltage of the battery rises to a large-current charging set threshold, a large-current constant-current charging mode is adopted, wherein the charging current in the process only can fall gradually, but cannot vary reversely; then, the battery is in a constant-voltage charging stage. The variable constant-current constant-voltage charging method is provided based on analysis of the advantages and the disadvantages of common charging strategies and the charging and discharging characteristics of a lithium titanate battery, integrates the advantages of a constant-current constant-voltage charging method, a pulse charging method, a variable-current intermittent charging method and other charging strategies, and overcomes the defects of the common charging strategies.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of charging, in particular to a variable constant current-constant voltage charging method.
Background
In general, technologies such as charging, discharging, maintaining and energy management of power batteries still fall behind relatively, phenomena such as damage and service life shortening of the batteries caused by improper charging strategies are still common, and many batteries are not worn out but are damaged. The first is that the battery characteristics are not well understood, and for a lithium battery, the charging and discharging of the lithium battery is a very complex chemical reaction process and is influenced by a plurality of factors such as battery manufacturing materials, charging and discharging histories, environmental temperature and the like; and the battery is nonlinear in nature, and the control difficulty coefficient is larger. Secondly, the research on the influence of the charging method and various charging methods on the battery is not deep enough. The Current major charging strategies include Constant Current (CC), Constant Voltage (CV), Constant Current/CV, three-stage, pulse, and variable Current intermittent charging.
1. In the initial charging stage of the constant-current charging method, the charging current is far less than the acceptable charging current of the power battery, so that the early charging time is longer; in the later charging period, the charging current is larger than the acceptable charging current of the power battery, so that the temperature of the battery is increased sharply, and the service life of the battery is influenced.
2. The constant voltage charging method has the defects that the charging current is too large at the initial charging stage and is likely to exceed the maximum charging current value acceptable by the battery, the service life of the battery is adversely affected, and meanwhile, the polar plate of the battery is easy to bend, so that the battery is scrapped; however, in the last stage of charging, the charging current is very small due to the rise of the electromotive force of the battery, which easily causes the problem of the undercharge of the battery.
3. The constant-current constant-voltage charging method avoids the defects that the charging current is too large in the initial charging stage and the overcharge is easily caused in the final charging stage, but the problem of undercharge is not well solved, and the initial charging stage has a single charging current value, so that the safe, quick and efficient charging cannot be realized.
4. The control difficulty of the switching points of the three charging processes of the three-section charging method is high, and if the previous stage is switched to the next stage too early, the charging time is inevitably prolonged; however, the battery may enter an overcharge state after being switched too late, which causes problems of aggravation of temperature rise of the battery, shortened service life, and the like.
5. The pulse charging mode has the characteristics of high charging efficiency, high charging speed, fewer used components compared with the switching power supply charging mode and the like, and has the defects of great control difficulty, high cost, large pulse current amplitude, easiness in damaging a battery and the like.
6. The hardware control of the variable current intermittent charging method is very complicated, and the output voltage and current values are difficult to accurately control.
The variable constant current-constant voltage charging method overcomes the defect that the constant current charging or the constant voltage charging is easy to cause overcharge or undercharge, the second variable constant current-constant voltage charging method is similar to a three-section charging method in control strategy, but the control of the whole charger is related to the real-time state of the battery, and the charging curve is closer to the ideal charging curve of the battery. Compared with a constant-current-constant-voltage charging method, the pulse charging method has the advantages that the charging speed is higher, the pulse charging control difficulty is higher, the influence on the service life of the battery is larger, and the corresponding cost is higher.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a variable constant current-constant voltage charging method, which integrates the advantages of charging strategies such as a constant current-constant voltage charging method, a pulse charging method and a variable current intermittent charging method and makes up the defects of common charging strategies.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a variable constant current-constant voltage charging method comprises the following steps:
when the battery voltage is lower, the battery voltage is 60% of the rated value of the battery voltage, and trickle charging is carried out according to the information fed back by sampling;
when the voltage of the battery rises to a large-current charging set threshold, setting the voltage to be about 75% of the rated value of the voltage of the battery, and carrying out a large-current constant-current charging mode, wherein the charging current can only be gradually reduced in the process and cannot be inversely changed;
and entering a constant voltage charging stage after the constant current charging stage is finished.
And the control chip acquires the voltage, the monomer voltage, the charging current and the battery temperature information of the power battery through AD sampling.
When the battery voltage is higher than the upper limit voltage set by the constant current charging, the control chip adjusts the charging current value according to the voltage of the battery.
The voltage and current values controlled by the control chip are determined according to the following relation:
wherein,
I1the charging rate of 0.5C is generally selected as the minimum constant current charging current;
k1, a current proportionality coefficient, a ratio of a set maximum charging multiplying factor to a set minimum constant current charging multiplying factor;
k, voltage difference proportionality coefficient;
uad, battery voltage sample values;
us, setting the upper limit voltage for constant current charging, generally setting the upper limit voltage to be about 0.95-0.99 of the charging cut-off voltage of the battery pack;
Δ t, the battery voltage is above the upper voltage limit time set for constant current charging.
The invention has the advantages that: through the analysis of the advantages and the disadvantages of the common charging strategy and according to the charging and discharging characteristics of the lithium titanate battery, the variable constant current-constant voltage charging method is provided, the advantages of the charging strategies such as the constant current-constant voltage charging method, the pulse charging method and the variable current intermittent charging method are integrated, and the defects of the common charging strategy are overcome.
Drawings
The invention is described in detail below with reference to examples and figures, in which:
fig. 1 is a theoretical charging characteristic curve of the variable constant current constant voltage charging method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a graph of the charging profile of a lithium titanate battery of the present invention for a nominal voltage of 36V and a nominal power of 26 AH.
Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the charging current of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the battery temperature sampling of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a voltage sampling schematic of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the invention are further illustrated in the following figures:
a variable constant current-constant voltage charging method comprises the following steps: when the battery voltage is lower, trickle charging is carried out according to the information fed back by sampling; when the voltage of the battery rises to a large-current charging set threshold, a large-current constant-current charging mode is carried out, and the charging current can only be gradually reduced and can not reversely change in the process; and entering a constant voltage charging stage after the variable constant current charging stage is finished, and when the variable constant current charging current value is reduced to 0.6 time of the minimum constant current charging current, the program defaults to finish the variable constant current charging.
And the control chip acquires the voltage, the monomer voltage, the charging current and the battery temperature information of the power battery through AD sampling.
When the battery voltage is higher than the upper limit voltage set by the constant current charging, the control chip adjusts the charging current value according to the voltage of the battery.
The voltage and current values controlled by the control chip conform to the following relation:
wherein,
I1minimum constant current charging current, here taken as 10A;
k1, current proportionality coefficient, taken as 4.2;
k, taking the voltage difference proportionality coefficient as 0.002;
uad, battery voltage sample values;
us, setting an upper limit voltage for constant current charging, and taking any value between 39.00 and 39.90V;
Δ t, the battery voltage is above the upper voltage limit time set for constant current charging.
The key point of the variable constant current-constant voltage charging method is the design of a variable current and constant current charging stage, and the control chip acquires the information of the voltage, the monomer voltage, the charging current, the battery temperature and the like of the power battery through AD sampling at the stage; when the battery voltage is higher than the upper limit voltage set by the constant current charging under the normal condition of the battery, the control chip substitutes the voltage and the current value of the battery into a formula to adjust the charging current value until a proper charging current value is found, and then the constant current stage is started. In the stage, the most appropriate constant current charging current value of the battery is found under the condition that the charging voltage does not exceed the upper limit of the acceptable charging voltage of the battery. According to the actual condition of the battery, the current value of the constant current charging is adjusted, so that the charging curves of the same battery in different periods are different and are only similar. The setting of the K value in the formula is very important (generally, the K value is about 1-2 times of the ratio of the maximum output voltage value to the working frequency of the switching tube), and if the K value is too large, the charging current value is reduced too fast, so that the charging time is prolonged; if the charging current is too small, the charging current is reduced too slowly, so that the charging voltage is high or low; therefore, the selection of the K value needs to be comprehensively considered and is mainly adjusted according to the charging characteristics of the power battery. The setting of the Us in the formula is related to the length of the charging time and the charging amount of the charging energy, if the set value is smaller, the working time of the variable-current quick-charging stage is shorter, the electric energy charged into the battery is less, the charging time of the constant-current stage is prolonged, and the efficiency of the variable-constant-current-constant-voltage charging method is reduced; however, if it is too large, an overvoltage phenomenon may occur to affect the life of the battery; the setting of Us is adjusted according to the actual condition of the battery. The theoretical graph of the variable constant current phase is shown in the t0-t1 phase of fig. 1. The embodiment is a large-current and small-voltage charger designed for the characteristics of lithium titanate batteries based on a DSP F28335 control chip. Therefore, the controller is a control circuit and comprises a control chip DSPF28335, a sampling circuit, a driving circuit, an auxiliary power supply circuit and the like) can adjust the conduction time of a switching tube of the main circuit in real time according to the sampling information of the power battery, so that the adjustment of the magnitude of the constant current charging current and the corresponding charging time can be achieved. Fig. 2 is a charging curve diagram of an example, which is a little different from the theoretical charging characteristic curve of the drawing. The battery pack used in the first example has poor performance, and the variable constant current charging stage of the charger is characterized in that a charging curve is adjusted in real time according to the actual condition of the battery pack; the charging current multiplying power of the second charger does not reach the theoretical design value of the charger (the theoretical design value is 104A); the amplitude of fluctuation of the charging voltage during the large-current charging phase is not significant.
According to the invention, the control chip acquires the voltage, the monomer voltage, the charging current and the battery temperature information of the power battery through AD sampling. Fig. 3 and 4 show sampling schematic diagrams of charging current and battery temperature, and fig. 5 shows a voltage sampling schematic diagram of the present invention.
When the battery voltage is higher than the upper limit voltage set by the constant current charging, the control chip adjusts the charging current value according to the voltage of the battery.
According to the variable constant current-constant voltage charging strategy, a large-current small voltage is designed aiming at the characteristics of the lithium titanate battery
In the charging machine of (1), during the constant current charging stage, the charging current I is obtained by the following formula:
the theoretical charging characteristic curve of the variable constant-current constant-voltage charging method is shown in fig. 1, in the initial charging stage (namely trickle charging) of the lithium titanate battery, the charging current is small and is kept unchanged, namely, in the constant-current charging stage, the voltage gradually rises along with the charging, when the voltage rises to a large-current charging range, the charger immediately shifts to the second stage, namely, the variable constant-current charging stage, and in the first stage, the charger rapidly adjusts the charging current to a proper value according to the feedback information of the battery. The current is adjusted in a manner that the current gradually decreases from the initially set maximum current value I1 in a stepwise manner until a proper charging current value is reached, the charging voltage keeps gradually increasing, and when the current value decreases to the minimum set value, the charger enters a third stage, namely a constant voltage charging stage, where the charging voltage is U0 slightly less than the upper limit voltage (Umax) during variable constant current charging as shown in fig. 1. In this stage, the charging voltage is kept constant, the charging current is gradually reduced until the charging current is smaller than a set value, and the constant-voltage charging is ended. By this point, the entire charging process is ended.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A variable constant current-constant voltage charging method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
when the battery voltage is 60% of the rated value of the battery voltage, trickle charging, namely constant current charging of small current is carried out according to the information fed back by sampling;
when the voltage of the battery rises to a large-current charging set threshold, a large-current constant-current charging mode is carried out, and the charging current can only be gradually reduced and cannot be inversely changed in the process;
and entering a constant voltage charging stage after the constant current charging stage is finished.
2. The variable constant current-constant voltage charging method according to claim 1, wherein the control chip obtains the voltage, the cell voltage, the charging current and the battery temperature information of the power battery through AD sampling.
3. The variable constant current-constant voltage charging method according to claim 2, wherein the control chip adjusts the charging current value according to the voltage of the battery when the battery voltage is higher than the upper limit voltage set for the constant current charging.
4. The variable constant current-constant voltage charging method according to claim 3, wherein the voltage and current values in the variable constant current charging stage satisfy the following relationship:
wherein,
i1, minimum constant current charging current;
k1, current proportionality coefficient;
k, voltage difference proportionality coefficient;
uad, battery voltage sample values;
us, constant current charging set upper limit voltage;
Δ t, the battery voltage is above the upper voltage limit time set for constant current charging.
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Cited By (20)
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| CN106785142A (en) * | 2016-12-29 | 2017-05-31 | 重庆田畸实业有限公司 | A kind of battery of electric vehicle fills method and device soon |
| CN107147170A (en) * | 2017-06-02 | 2017-09-08 | 江苏万邦微电子有限公司 | A kind of power-supply management system and method |
| CN107394854A (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2017-11-24 | 江苏聚合新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of natural charging method of battery dynamic and system |
| CN107959072A (en) * | 2017-11-17 | 2018-04-24 | 珠海市魅族科技有限公司 | A kind of charging method, device, computer equipment and readable storage medium storing program for executing |
| CN108134424A (en) * | 2018-01-03 | 2018-06-08 | 上海传英信息技术有限公司 | The method and charging equipment for mobile phone of charging current are controlled in a kind of mobile phone charging process |
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| CN109873471A (en) * | 2019-03-01 | 2019-06-11 | 安徽瑞赛克再生资源技术股份有限公司 | A kind of battery charger and charging method |
| CN112072722A (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2020-12-11 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | Charging control method and charging control device for silicon cathode lithium ion battery |
| CN110518669A (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2019-11-29 | 深圳传音控股股份有限公司 | A kind of charging system and method, terminal device for handheld device |
| CN110518669B (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-08-17 | 深圳传音控股股份有限公司 | Charging system and method for handheld device and terminal device |
| CN110696649A (en) * | 2019-10-11 | 2020-01-17 | 江苏创合新能源科技有限公司 | Control system and charging control method of vehicle-mounted charger |
| CN111016717A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-04-17 | 深圳猛犸电动科技有限公司 | Method and device for identifying simultaneous charging of multiple electric vehicles |
| CN111016717B (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2021-05-14 | 深圳猛犸电动科技有限公司 | Method and device for identifying simultaneous charging of multiple electric vehicles |
| CN111092272A (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2020-05-01 | 湖南大学 | Lithium ion battery three-stage charging method considering internal resistance characteristic |
| CN111092272B (en) * | 2019-12-18 | 2023-04-18 | 湖南大学 | Lithium ion battery three-stage charging method considering internal resistance characteristic |
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