CN106877473B - Rapid charging control method, variable current control circuit and rapid charging device for lead-acid storage battery - Google Patents
Rapid charging control method, variable current control circuit and rapid charging device for lead-acid storage battery Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- H02J7/045—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
- H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
- H02J7/06—Regulation of charging current or voltage using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00711—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with introduction of pulses during the charging process
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The application relates to a storage battery charging control method and device. A lead-acid battery quick charge control method, at the beginning of charging, adopt the control circuit of the variable flow, set up the maximum charge current on the basis of maximum current acceptance ability while charging of the battery; when the charger is in a charging state, the storage battery is charged in an intermittent charging mode; and finally, when the terminal voltage of the storage battery rises to the highest voltage, the charging mode is switched to be used for charging in a complementary mode or the storage battery is maintained. A variable current control circuit comprises a variable current detection unit, a piecewise delay control unit or a linear adjustment unit. The utility model provides a lead acid battery safe quick charging device, includes current transformation control circuit, intermittent control circuit, charge control circuit, switching power supply, current transformation control circuit output connection switching power supply, switching power supply passes through stationary flow circuit and connects the storage battery, and charge control circuit is connected with intermittent control circuit, and intermittent control circuit is connected with switching power supply, and stationary flow circuit is also connected with intermittent control circuit.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to a storage battery charging control method and device, in particular to a lead-acid storage battery rapid charging control method and an implementation circuit (device) thereof.
Background
At present, the electric vehicle becomes a main transportation tool in daily life of common people, and the lead-acid storage battery becomes a main power source adopted by the current electric vehicle in a large quantity because of mature technology, economy and practicability.
The lead-acid battery is a secondary battery, and can be reused by being replenished by a charger after the consumption of the stored electric quantity in the battery. In order to protect the storage battery from being damaged due to charging, the existing charger generally has the defects of small charging current and long charging time. The current charging current is generally set to be about 0.15C of the storage battery, and although the current with the current is harmless to the storage battery, the charging time is 8-10 hours, and the effective use of the storage battery is limited due to the overlong charging time, so that inconvenience is brought to users. Although the charging current can be increased in order to shorten the charging time, the damage to the storage battery caused by high-current charging cannot be effectively solved due to technical reasons, the service life of the storage battery can be obviously shortened, and the battery can only be used as an emergency power supply occasionally.
In order to improve the charging efficiency and the charging speed, a great deal of research is being conducted on the charging characteristics of lead-acid batteries, and various rapid charging technologies have been developed. 1. For example, the "charge and discharge characteristics and maintenance of lead-acid storage batteries" published by the "institute of electrical and electronics of China academy of sciences", "national institute of labor and society guarantee", and "renewable energy power generation consultation and training center" are marked in one book: the charge-discharge characteristics of the battery are not constant, and are related to the use process of the battery and the degree of freshness of the battery. 2. But also to the instantaneous charge of the battery. 3. When the charging current is smaller than the acceptable current of the storage battery, the effect is reduced, the full-charge time is prolonged, and 4, when the charging current is larger than the acceptable current of the storage battery, the voltage of the end of the storage battery rises too fast, and redundant electric energy is converted into heat, so that the electric energy is wasted, the storage battery is damaged, and the service life of the storage battery is shortened. 5. At the beginning of charging and near-full charge, the battery has poor current-carrying capability, and excessive charging current can also damage the battery.
The main charging methods at present have different defects: 1. three-stage type: the selected charging current is safe current but causes overlong charging time, and can not adapt to the whole process of the charged storage battery, the deviation of the receiving capacity of the storage battery between the early stage and the middle and late stages is large, the trickle charging duration of the later stage is overlong, and the overcharge is caused as the case is, and the situation often occurs due to an operator. 2. Many new charging techniques are preferred, with pulsed, intermittent, and variable current effects. The new methods can improve the charging performance, but most of the methods use measurement and control of the external temperature rise parameters of the storage battery, the measurement and control are performed after the temperature rise, the measures are delayed, the charging current cannot be obviously increased, the charging speed is improved, and the method can be realized by a complex circuit structure, a plurality of components, even by depending on a singlechip, a program and the like, and has high implementation threshold or increased cost. 3. The charging process is precisely decomposed by using a new technology, charging parameters are set in a plurality of sections, and the method is only aimed at population commonalities, cannot be precisely adapted to individuals, is not suitable for storage batteries with different new and old degrees and different residual electricity storage amounts.
Studies have shown that: the electrochemical conversion capability, namely the capability of receiving electric quantity, of the lead-acid storage battery during charging is related to the new and old degree of the storage battery and the internal stored electric quantity, and the capability of receiving charging current is different when the new and old degree of the storage battery and the internal stored electric quantity are different during recharging; the newer the battery, the less the amount of internal stored power it has to accept charging current. The more slowly the terminal voltage rises due to the strong acceptance, the more rapidly the terminal voltage of the battery rises due to the fact that the excess charge amount is converted into heat once the charging current is larger than the acceptance, and the charging efficiency is reduced. According to the characteristic of the lead-acid storage battery, the current can be reduced in the early and later stages of charging to prevent the storage battery from being damaged, the charging current is increased in the middle stage of charging to shorten the charging time, and the voltage change of the end of the storage battery is detected in real time, so that the magnitude of the charging current can adapt to and track the storage batteries with different quality performances, different new and old states and different residual electric quantities. However, the charging current of the charger sold in the market is fixed, so that the storage battery is damaged due to overlarge current in the initial stage of charging, the charging time of the middle stage of charging is prolonged, and the charging current in the final stage is larger and the heating is generated. Therefore, the time for filling the electric quantity is prolonged, the charging efficiency is reduced, the electric energy is wasted, and the storage battery is scrapped in advance due to the fact that the storage battery is deformed by the charging drum in the later period of use.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the application provides a quick charge control method for a lead-acid storage battery, which adopts a combination of a charge functional circuit and a switching power supply to control charge parameters, so that the whole charge process is more in line with the charge characteristics of the storage battery, the charge speed and the charge efficiency are effectively improved, the charge time is shortened, and the original service life of the storage battery is effectively kept from being shortened; the application also provides a variable current control circuit and a lead-acid storage battery safe and quick charging device for realizing the quick charging control method.
The application adopts the technical scheme that:
a lead-acid storage battery rapid charge control method comprises the following steps:
1) At the beginning of charging, first, the high current variable current output charging phase: a variable-current control circuit is adopted, the maximum charging current is set according to the maximum current receiving capacity of the storage battery during charging, and the voltage rising speed of the storage battery during the maximum charging current is set as a voltage rising rate reference value; detecting terminal voltage of the storage battery in real time when the storage battery is charged, comparing the detected terminal voltage rising speed of the storage battery with a set voltage rising rate reference value, and further adjusting the charging current in a piecewise delay or linear mode, so that the charging current is always tracked and kept synchronous with the instant current receiving capability of the storage battery;
2) When the charger is in a charging state, an intermittent control circuit is adopted to periodically turn off a control signal of continuous operation to force the charger to intermittently operate, and the storage battery is charged in an intermittent charging mode;
3) And finally, when the terminal voltage of the storage battery rises to the highest voltage, the charging mode is switched to be used for charging in a complementary mode or the storage battery is maintained.
The lead-acid storage battery rapid charging control method is characterized in that in a high-current variable-current output charging stage: when the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is smaller than the set voltage rising rate reference value, the variable current control circuit charges the storage battery with the maximum charging current; when the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is larger than a set voltage rising rate reference value, the variable current control circuit downwards regulates the charging current to charge by one grade, delays the state, recovers the charging current to the original large current after the delay is finished, charges by the large current if the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is no longer larger than the voltage rising reference value, and downwards regulates the charging current by one grade if the voltage rising rate is larger than the voltage rising reference value, so that the control of the sectionalized delay is realized repeatedly; alternatively, when the battery terminal voltage rise rate is greater than the set voltage rise rate reference value, the charging current is linearly adjusted by the variable current control circuit so that the charging current is reduced to be the same as the current receiving capacity of the battery and maintained.
According to the lead-acid storage battery rapid charging control method, when the voltage of the storage battery terminal rises to the highest voltage, the charging mode is converted to supplement charging or maintenance is carried out on the storage battery: and supplementing, charging, activating and maintaining the activity of the storage battery by adopting a micro-charging and discharging mode, namely supplementing and maintaining the storage battery by adopting a high-current short-time charging and low-current long-time discharging mode.
According to the quick charge control method for the lead-acid storage battery, the storage battery is maintained by the desulfur circuit, the return difference voltage threshold value is set to be slightly smaller than the safe charge voltage of the storage battery, when the end voltage of the storage battery rises to the highest allowable voltage of the storage battery, the charging circuit is controlled to stop charging, the desulfur circuit is started to discharge in a small amplitude, when the end voltage of the storage battery falls to the return difference voltage threshold value, the charging circuit is controlled to continuously charge the storage battery, the charge voltage rises to the highest allowable voltage of the storage battery again, and the cycle is repeated.
The variable current control circuit for realizing the quick charge control method of the lead-acid storage battery comprises a variable current detection unit, a sectional delay control unit or a linear adjustment unit, wherein the sectional delay control unit adopts a comparison delay circuit to realize sectional delay control, the linear adjustment unit adopts a proportional amplifying circuit to linearly adjust the charge current, the variable current detection unit adopts a voltage rise and fall detection circuit, and the output end of the voltage rise and fall detection circuit is connected with the input end of a comparator of the sectional delay control unit or the proportional amplifying circuit of the linear adjustment unit; the output end of the piecewise delay control unit or the linear regulating unit outputs a variable-current control signal through the amplifying circuit, so that the piecewise delay or the linear regulation of the charging current is realized.
In the variable current control circuit, the variable current detection unit adopts four resistors R41, R42, R43 and R44 to form a resistance bridge, the resistance bridge and diagonal bridge arms R42 and R43 of the resistance bridge are respectively connected with a capacitor, the input end of the resistance bridge is connected with the two ends of a charged storage battery, and the output end A, B of the resistance bridge is connected with the input end of the segmentation delay control unit or the linear amplification control unit.
In order to ensure the detection sensitivity and the detection consistency, the variable current control circuit is characterized in that an amplifying circuit is connected with a diagonal bridge arm in a bridge of the voltage lifting detection circuit, and diodes (D42 and D43) and resistors (R53 and R54) are added in a resistance bridge to improve the thermal stability and the detection precision of the circuit.
The variable current control circuit comprises a sectional delay control unit and a variable current output tube, wherein the sectional delay control unit consists of a primary comparator and a primary delay circuit, the return difference of the comparator is equal to the voltage rising value of a charged storage battery, when the terminal voltage rising value of the storage battery caused by large charging current is larger than the return difference of the comparator, the comparator AR4 reverses and clears the delay capacitor, the delay AR5 outputs a high-potential control variable current output tube to be conducted, and a variable current signal with a delay time length is output outwards.
The safe and rapid charging device for the lead-acid storage battery comprises a variable current control circuit, an intermittent control circuit, a charging control circuit and a switching power supply, wherein the output of the variable current control circuit is connected with the switching power supply, the switching power supply is connected with a storage battery pack through a current stabilizing circuit, the charging control circuit is connected with the intermittent control circuit, the intermittent control circuit is connected with the switching power supply, and the current stabilizing circuit is also connected with the intermittent control circuit.
The intermittent control circuit of the lead-acid storage battery safe and quick charging device consists of resistors R69, R70 and R71, capacitors C70 and C71, a double-base triode Q72, field effect triodes Q70 and Q71, a diode D71 and other elements, and is additionally arranged in a channel of a switching power supply voltage control signal, and the control signal which continuously works is periodically turned off to force the charging device to intermittently work, and the charging device is turned off along with the stop of the charging device after the storage battery is full.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
1. the application relates to a method and a device for controlling the quick charge of a lead-acid storage battery, wherein the charging current is set according to the maximum charging current which can be accepted by the charged storage battery in the charging process, and the voltage rising rate is set according to the voltage rising speed when the charged storage battery is charged; the terminal voltage rising speed during charging of the storage battery is detected in real time, the detected terminal voltage rising speed is compared with the set voltage rising speed, and then the charging current is regulated in a piecewise or linear mode, so that the charging current is always tracked and kept synchronous with the instant current receiving capacity of the storage battery, and the storage battery has wider capacity adaptability.
2. The application relates to a method and a device for controlling the quick charge of a lead-acid storage battery, which adopts pulse and intermittent charge waveforms to improve and enhance the current receiving capability of the storage battery, and adopts a micro charge-discharge mode to supplement charge in the late charge period, firstly, the residual charge quantity is continuously charged, secondly, the storage battery is maintained, thirdly, the charge voltage is limited not to rise any more, the overcharge phenomenon is prevented, and thirdly, the potential energy of the storage battery is activated to keep the activity of the storage battery. Through all or selecting to use several charging function circuits and the switching power supply combination scheme with different structures, can realize the functions such as variable-flow charging, intermittent charging, voltage limiting charging, microcirculation charging and discharging, high-voltage pulse vulcanization removal, pulse supplement charging and the like of the lead-acid storage battery, the whole charging process is more in line with the charging characteristics of the storage battery, the charging speed and the charging efficiency are effectively improved, and the original service life of the storage battery is effectively kept from being shortened.
3. The variable current control circuit and the storage battery safe quick-charging device thereof have the advantages of simple circuit structure, low cost, flexible combination of functional circuits, easy implementation and the like. The variable current detection can detect the end voltage rising rate of the charged storage battery, the rising rate reference parameter is set according to the charging characteristic of the charged storage battery, and the detected data is compared with the preset parameter to adjust the charging current, so that the charging current can be effectively increased to more than 0.3 ℃ and the charging time can be shortened by about half, and the storage battery is not damaged.
4. The storage battery safe and fast charging device has a steady flow function and ensures the stability of charging current. The battery charging control device has a charging voltage control function, and the charging is cut off when the voltage of the battery terminal reaches the highest voltage. The full charge switching device has a full charge switching function, and is connected to a discharge circuit when the charging is cut off. The charging current intermittent interruption control function is provided. Has the function of removing sulfur. The charging protection device for preventing overcharging, eliminating aging and activating the performance of the storage battery can prevent the storage battery from being damaged due to overcharging, activate and improve the performance of the storage battery, effectively eliminate the vulcanization of the battery and prolong the service life of the storage battery.
5. The storage battery safe quick-charging device can be used fully or selectively, is combined with different switching power supply circuits to charge the lead-acid storage battery, effectively increases the charging current to more than 0.3 ℃, shortens the charging time by more than half, ensures that the whole charging process is more in line with the charging characteristic of the storage battery, reduces the heating value of the storage battery during high-current charging, effectively improves the charging speed and the charging efficiency, and ensures that the service life of the storage battery is not shortened after the charging current is increased.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the safety quick-charge device of the lead-acid storage battery of the application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of output waveforms and charge curves (20 AH) of the lead-acid battery quick-charge method of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage step-up/step-down detection circuit of the current variable control circuit of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a voltage step-up/step-down detection circuit of the current variable control circuit according to the second embodiment of the present application;
figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a segmented control unit circuit of the variable current control circuit of the present application;
figure 6 is one of the schematic diagrams of the linear regulating unit circuit of the current converting control circuit of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a second schematic diagram of a linear regulator cell of the variable current control circuit of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic circuit diagram of an intermittent charge control unit of the lead-acid battery safety quick charge device of the present application;
fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a current transformation and intermittent control circuit of a safety quick-charging device of a lead-acid storage battery.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described in detail through the following specific embodiments.
Example 1
The application relates to a quick charge control method of a lead-acid storage battery, which comprises the following steps:
1) At the beginning of charging, first, the high current variable current output charging phase:
a variable-current control circuit is adopted, the maximum charging current is set according to the maximum current receiving capacity of the storage battery during charging, and the voltage rising speed of the storage battery during the maximum charging current is set as a voltage rising rate reference value; detecting terminal voltage of the storage battery in real time when the storage battery is charged, comparing the detected terminal voltage rising speed of the storage battery with a set voltage rising rate reference value, and further executing sectional delay adjustment or linear adjustment of the charging current, so that the charging current is always tracked and kept synchronous with the instant current receiving capability of the storage battery;
2) When the charger is in a charging state, an intermittent control circuit is adopted to periodically turn off a control signal of continuous operation so as to force the charger to intermittently operate and continuously charge the storage battery in an intermittent charging mode;
the intermittent charging mode is adopted, so that the polarization of the internal electrode of the storage battery can be eliminated, the concentration difference of electrolyte is balanced, the internal heat accumulation of the storage battery is effectively eliminated, the temperature rise is effectively reduced, the current receiving capacity of the storage battery is improved and improved, the charging efficiency is effectively improved, and the charging time is shortened;
3) Finally, stopping charging when the end voltage of the storage battery rises to the highest voltage; or when the end voltage of the storage battery rises to the highest voltage, the storage battery is charged in a charging mode in a complementary mode or maintained.
The application can keep track of the charging current all the time and keep synchronous with the instant current receiving capability of the storage battery by adjusting the charging current by piecewise delay or linearly, thereby effectively improving the charging efficiency and shortening the charging time.
Example 2
Referring to fig. 2, the lead-acid battery quick charge control method of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that: in the high current variable output charging stage: when the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is smaller than the set voltage rising rate reference value, the variable current control circuit charges the storage battery with the maximum charging current;
when the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is larger than a set voltage rising rate reference value, the charging current is downwards regulated by a gear through a variable current control circuit to charge, the state is delayed, the charging current is restored to the original large current after the delay is finished, if the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is no longer larger than the reference rising rate, the charging is continued by the large current, and if the voltage rising rate of the terminal is still larger than the reference rising rate, the charging current is regulated to be smaller, and the control is repeated in such a way, so that the sectional delay control is realized;
alternatively, when the battery terminal voltage rise rate is greater than the set voltage rise rate reference value, the charging current is linearly adjusted by the variable current control circuit so that the charging current is reduced to be the same as the current receiving capacity of the battery and maintained.
Example 3
The lead-acid battery quick charge control method of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 in that: further, when the battery terminal voltage rises to the highest voltage, the charging mode is switched to supplement charging or maintenance is performed on the battery. The micro charge-discharge mode is adopted for supplementing charge, activating and maintaining the activity of the storage battery, namely, the storage battery is maintained in a mode of high-current short-time charge and low-current long-time discharge.
Example 4
The lead-acid battery quick charge control method of the present embodiment is different from that of embodiment 3 in that: the method comprises the steps of maintaining a storage battery by adopting a devulcanizing circuit, setting a return difference voltage threshold value to be slightly smaller than a safe charging voltage of the storage battery, stopping charging by a charging control circuit when the voltage of the end of the storage battery rises to the highest allowable voltage of the storage battery, starting the devulcanizing circuit to discharge in a small amplitude, and continuously charging the storage battery by the charging control circuit when the voltage of the end of the storage battery falls to the return difference voltage threshold value, so that the charging voltage rises to the highest allowable voltage of the storage battery again, and repeating the cycle.
Example 5
Referring to fig. 5 or fig. 6, the present embodiment is a variable current control circuit for implementing the foregoing method for controlling the rapid charging of a lead-acid storage battery, which includes a variable current detection unit, a piecewise delay control unit, or a linear adjustment unit; the piecewise delay control unit adopts a comparison delay circuit to realize piecewise delay control, and the linear adjusting unit adopts a proportional amplifying circuit to linearly adjust the charging current; the variable current detection unit adopts a voltage rise and fall detection circuit, and the output end of the voltage rise and fall detection circuit is connected with the input end of the piecewise delay control unit comparator or the linear adjusting unit proportional amplifying circuit; the output end of the piecewise delay control unit or the linear regulating unit outputs a variable-current control signal through the amplifying circuit, so that the piecewise delay or the linear regulation of the charging current is realized.
In fig. 5, the sectional delay control unit is composed of a first-stage comparator and a first-stage delay circuit, the return difference of the comparator is equal to the voltage rising value of the charged storage battery, when the terminal voltage rising value of the storage battery caused by large charging current is larger than the return difference of the comparator, the comparator AR4 reverses and clears the discharge of the delay capacitor, the delay AR5 outputs a high-potential control variable current output pipe to be conducted, and a variable current signal is output outwards. Meanwhile, the delay discharging capacitor is charged; when the voltage of the delay charging capacitor rises to the level that the comparator AR5 reverses again to enable the output of the comparator AR to recover to low potential, a variable current control process is completed.
The circuit is characterized in that when the rising rate of the terminal voltage is detected, a circuit behind the circuit downwards regulates the charging current to charge by one grade, the state is delayed in the circuit, the charging current is recovered to the original heavy current after the waiting time is ended, at the moment, if the rising rate of the terminal voltage of the storage battery is lower than the reference rising rate, the charging current is charged by the heavy current, and if the rising rate of the terminal voltage is still higher than the reference rising rate, the variable current control circuit is operated again to downwards regulate the charging current by one grade. And repeating the steps to realize the sectional delay control.
The circuit can realize the stepwise adjustment of the charging current. The working principle is as follows: when the charging current is smaller than or equal to the maximum receiving current of the storage battery, the terminal voltage of the storage battery rises slowly, the potential difference between the node A and the node B is small enough to drive the comparator to turn over, the non-inverting input end of the comparator AR4 is at high potential, and the output end of the comparator AR4, namely the node C, is also at high potential. The node D is in low potential, the output triode is cut off, and a control or regulation signal is not output outwards.
When the charging current of the storage battery is larger than the maximum receiving current, the end voltage of the storage battery rises and accelerates, the potential difference between the node A and the node B increases and is larger than the overturning voltage of the AR4 of the comparator, the output stage of the AR5 is conducted, the delay capacitor C43 discharges rapidly through the resistor R45 and the comparator AR4, the potential of the point C decreases and is lower than the same-phase end of the AR5, at the moment, the point C keeps low potential for a certain time due to the fact that the point C43 is low, the point D is high in potential during the time period, the Q41 is conducted, a low-level current adjusting signal is output outwards, the switching power supply is controlled to reduce the charging current, the end voltage of the storage battery is slowly increased, the output of the node A is turned off, the capacitor C43 is charged through the resistor R46 and gradually increases in potential, when the potential rises to the same-phase end of the AR5 after a certain time of charging, the AR5 recovers the original state, the control of the circuit disappears, the charging current increases, the end voltage of the storage battery rises, the potential difference between the node A and the node B increases again, once the potential of the point C4 is higher than the opposite to the opposite-phase of the AR4, the point C43 is repeatedly conducted, and the work is repeated, and the process is readjusted again.
In fig. 6, the detection circuit is followed by a linear amplifier, the amplifier synchronously amplifies the potential difference signal detected by the previous stage, synchronously amplifies the detected voltage rising rate value by a certain value to adjust the charging current in the same proportion, outputs a voltage signal with a certain level amplitude to control the conducting state of the field effect transistor Q41, and directly controls the converter circuit to synchronously adjust the charging current by the Q41, so as to realize the linear adjustment of the charging current, and the charging current is always at the maximum receiving current value of the storage battery to reach the optimal charging state. The control signal output stage may be replaced by a field effect transistor,
example 6
Referring to fig. 3, the current variable control circuit of the present embodiment is different from embodiment 5 in that: the variable current detection unit adopts four resistors R41, R42, R43 and R44 to form a resistor bridge, a capacitor is respectively connected with diagonal bridge arms R42 and R43 of the resistor bridge, the input end of the resistor bridge is connected with two ends of a charged storage battery, and the output end A, B of the resistor bridge is connected with the input end of the piecewise delay control unit or the linear amplification control unit.
In the circuit, resistors consisting of R41, R42, R43 and R44 are bridged at two ends of a charged storage battery, wherein the resistor values R41=R43 and R42=R44 are adopted; capacitance c41=c42. The resistor bridge and the capacitor together form a storage battery terminal voltage rising rate detection circuit for detecting the rising rate of the storage battery terminal voltage in the charging process.
When the influence of the capacitors C41 and C42 is not considered, the potential of the node A and the potential of the node B synchronously rise and are always equal no matter how the voltage at the two ends of the resistance bridge, namely the voltage of the storage battery changes and no matter how fast the voltage rises; after the capacitors C41 and C42 are added, the voltage at the two ends of the capacitor cannot be suddenly changed, the rising amplitude of the voltage at the end of the storage battery is completely added to the resistors R41 and R44, the potential of the node A is slowly increased, the potential of the node B is quickly increased, the potential difference between the two nodes is increased along with the acceleration of the rising of the voltage at the end of the storage battery, and the potential difference between the two nodes is increased as the voltage at the end of the storage battery is quickly increased.
For the determined storage battery, the new and old degree and the stored electricity quantity are determined, the charging performance, namely the current receiving capacity, is also determined, the potential difference between the node A and the node B is only related to the charging current, and once the charging current is too large and exceeds the current receiving capacity of the storage battery, the rising speed of the terminal voltage is increased, so that the potential difference between the node A and the node B is increased, the charging speed of the storage battery can be determined according to the potential difference between the node A and the node B, whether the charging current is too large can be judged, and the potential difference is detected to drive a processing circuit at the back to control the output current of the switching power supply so as to achieve the matching with the receiving capacity of the storage battery. The charger can be charged with larger current all the time by adding the circuit to the charger so as to improve the charging speed and shorten the charging time.
The charging current detection and control unit circuit of the storage battery can automatically adjust the charging current according to the current receiving capability of the storage battery, so that the charging current at any time or any stage in the whole charging process is the maximum receiving current of the storage battery, the charging efficiency is effectively improved, and the charging time is shortened.
Example 7
The current variable control circuit according to the present embodiment is different from the foregoing embodiments in that: in order to ensure the detection sensitivity and the detection consistency, an amplifying circuit is arranged in the bridge of the voltage lifting detection circuit and connected with a diagonal bridge arm, and diodes (D42 and D43) and resistors (R53 and R54) are added in a resistance bridge to improve the thermal stability and the detection precision of the circuit.
Referring to fig. 4, one-stage triode amplification is added as compared to fig. 3. The added diodes D42 and D43 and the resistors R53 and R54 can improve the thermal stability and detection precision of the circuit.
Example 8
The current variable control circuit according to the present embodiment is different from the foregoing embodiments in that: referring to fig. 7, the combination of fig. 4 and 6 (with the amplifier after adding the triode amplification circuit) is shown. The resistor R40 and the regulator tube D41 in fig. 6 and 7 form a series-type voltage stabilizing circuit to supply power to the signal processing circuit.
The scheme circuit can control and change the size of the reference signal of the current stabilizing circuit of the switching power supply through the output end of the scheme circuit, so that the maximum value of the detection signal of the current stabilizing circuit is limited, and the current converting purpose is achieved.
Example 9
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment is a safe and rapid charging device for implementing the foregoing rapid charging method of a lead-acid storage battery, which includes a current-variable control circuit, an intermittent control circuit, a charging control circuit, and a switching power supply (controllable dc power supply), wherein the output of the current-variable control circuit is connected with the switching power supply, the switching power supply is connected with a storage battery pack through a current stabilizing circuit, the charging control circuit is connected with the intermittent control circuit, the intermittent control circuit is connected with the switching power supply, and the current stabilizing circuit is also connected with the intermittent control circuit.
Example 10
Referring to fig. 8, the lead-acid battery safety quick charging device according to the present embodiment is different from embodiment 9 in that the following intermittent control circuit is employed. The circuit is composed of resistors R69, R70 and R71, capacitors C70 and C71, a double-base triode Q72, field effect triodes Q70 and Q71, a diode D71 and other elements.
The intermittent control circuit is additionally arranged in a channel of the voltage control signal of the switching power supply, works when the charger is in a charging state, and the control signal which is continuously operated is periodically turned off to force the charger to intermittently operate, and the storage battery is closed along with the stop of the charging device after being full. The key point of the value is as follows: and setting the discharging time of C71 and R71 and the charging time of C70 and R70 according to the length and the ratio of the charging time to the stopping charging time in each period.
The intermittent charging function is to control the charging current to stop for a relatively short time interval at regular intervals in the normal charging process, the stopping interval can achieve the purposes of recovering the electrolyte concentration in the storage battery to be balanced, eliminating the polarization phenomenon between the polar plate and the electrolyte, re-combining the decomposed hydroxide ions to reduce gas precipitation, and radiating heat generated in the charging period to reduce heat accumulation, reduce the temperature rise of the storage battery, reduce water evaporation and improve the charging efficiency.
Working principle: the voltage control signal of the charger enters from the point A, the base electrode of the triode Q7 is controlled by the resistor R68, and the voltage stabilizing control end of the switching power supply is controlled by the Q7. In the figure, the resistor R is the equivalent resistor of the voltage stabilizing control end of the switching power supply.
When the charger charges the storage battery, the point A outputs a high level, the input signal is applied to the base electrode of the control triode Q7 through the resistor R68, and the Q7 is supposed to be conducted at the moment, but as the control signal is applied to the resistor R68 and simultaneously is applied to the triode Q72 through the resistor R69, the Q72 is conducted, the base electrode of the Q7 is grounded through the Q72, the Q7 is forced to be in a cut-off state, and the switching power supply stops charging the storage battery during the cut-off period of the Q7.
At the same time of Q7 cut-off, C point becomes high level, capacitor C71 is instantly charged to be close to C point voltage through D71, and then Q72 is forced to cut-off by Q71; the turn-off of Q72 allows Q7 to be turned on by immediately obtaining a driving voltage, and if the turn-off time of Q7 is too short, the components C70, R70, Q70 serve to delay the turn-on of Q7, in which the gate potential of Q70 is pulled high through C70 while the potential of Q7 at the turn-off point C is high, so that Q70 is turned on, and the base of Q7 is still protected from a short-circuit state to ground by the turn-on of Q70. Meanwhile, the C70 is charged through the R70, the time constants of the R70 and the C70 are reasonably set, and the charging time constant of the C70 is in a required range so as to ensure that the cut-off time of the Q7 reaches the requirement.
Example 11
Referring to fig. 9, the lead-acid battery safety quick charging device according to the present embodiment is different from embodiment 10 in that it includes a switching power supply voltage control function circuit for intermittent charging.
In fig. 9, the inverting input terminal of the comparator AR obtains the terminal voltage high-low signal of the charged battery from the point C, compares the terminal voltage high-low signal with the reference voltage of the non-inverting input terminal E, and outputs the corresponding level signal to the point a. When the stored electricity of the storage battery is not full, the level of the point D is lower than that of the point E, the high level of the point A is conducted through the control of the point B, the voltage feedback end of the switching power supply controlled by the point Q7 is conducted by a signal, the switching power supply works to charge the storage battery, meanwhile, the interval charging control circuit works, and the continuous charging of the switching power supply is changed into the intermittent charging under the control of the switching power supply. When the battery is full, the potential at point D rises above the potential at point E, the comparator AR inverts, the potential at point a drops to 0, and the charging stops at point A7.
Resistor R66 in the figure serves to accelerate the comparator inversion speed and to give some return difference to the inversion.
Example 12
Referring to fig. 1, the lead-acid battery safety quick charging device according to the present embodiment is different from the foregoing embodiments in that the lead-acid battery safety quick charging device includes a devulcanizing and discharging circuit and a function conversion circuit, the charging control circuit is connected to the function conversion circuit, and the devulcanizing and discharging circuit is connected to the battery pack through the function conversion circuit. The micro-discharge circuit load resistor is replaced by a vulcanization removing function.
When the voltage of the storage battery reaches the highest, the charging is stopped, the desulphurisation circuit is connected, the desulphurisation function and the discharging function are realized, the charging is carried out again after the voltage is reduced by a plurality of volts (the voltage is reduced by a plurality of volts according to the number of the storage battery groups), the charging is stopped when the voltage is increased to the highest voltage, and the desulphurisation circuit is connected to … … again.
The application relates to a quick charging method of a lead-acid storage battery, which adopts a controllable current source capable of outputting charging current above 0.3C, can set the highest charging voltage and the maximum output current according to the related parameters of the charged storage battery, stops charging or changes the working mode when the terminal voltage of the storage battery reaches the highest voltage, changes the charging into micro-charging and discharging and starts the operation of a desulfur circuit.
The application relates to a safe and rapid charging device and a method for a lead-acid storage battery, wherein the working process is as follows: starting to charge the storage battery with the set maximum current, and stabilizing the output current by the current stabilizing circuit; the variable current detection circuit detects the end voltage of the storage battery, detects the end voltage rising rate, compares the detected end voltage rising rate with the internal reference rising rate of the equipment, the end voltage rising rate is smaller than the reference, the variable current control circuit does not act, the equipment continues to charge by the current, the end voltage rising rate is larger than the reference, the variable current control circuit acts, output current parameters are adjusted, the output current is reduced, the end voltage rising rate is equal to the reference, and the current stabilizing circuit controls the output current to be output by the current value; when charging starts, the intermittent charging control circuit synchronously works to control charging output to be output in an intermittent mode; when the voltage of the storage battery terminal rises to the highest voltage, the charging voltage control function acts to turn off the charging output; meanwhile, a desulfur circuit with a discharging function is connected to work, the voltage of the end of the storage battery is reduced to a return difference threshold value, and the charging voltage control function restarts charging.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the output waveform and the charging curve of the charging method and the quick charging device according to the present application. From the schematic view, it can be seen that: the output voltage waveform of this charging circuit is a long pulse with an interruption interval, which is the desirable intermittent charging mode. The charging voltage curve is gradually increased along with the continuation of the charging time, the charging voltage is not increased when the charging voltage is increased to the highest allowable voltage of the storage battery, and the charging voltage curve is discharged in a small amplitude by taking the highest value as an inflection point, and then the charging voltage curve is recharged to increase the voltage again. The charging mode not only ensures that the storage battery is not overcharged, but also enables the electrochemical conversion of the storage battery to continue without stopping through small-amplitude charging and discharging, so that the activity of the storage battery is maintained, and electrolyte which cannot participate in the electrochemical conversion in the storage battery is thoroughly converted on the premise of being overcharged, even if the storage battery is thoroughly filled. Thus, the storage capacity of the storage battery is improved, and the storage capacity of the storage battery is also improved, namely the activity of the storage battery is improved.
After the battery has been filled, a narrow pulse with a large amplitude is superimposed on the discharge curve. As can be seen from the foregoing, these narrow pulses are converted from the energy emitted by the battery by the corresponding circuitry. The narrow pulse with larger amplitude can break up lead sulfide crystals in the storage battery to recover and improve the charging efficiency and the storage capacity of the storage battery.
The charging current waveform of the charging circuit is also a long pulse with an interruption interval like the voltage waveform, the pulse amplitude, namely the magnitude of the charging current, is correspondingly changed automatically along with the difference of the current receiving capacity of the storage battery in different periods, namely the electrochemical conversion capacity in different periods, so that the requirement of variable-current charging is met. After the end voltage of the storage battery reaches the highest value, the charging circuit outputs large current, and the charging circuit charges in a short time with larger current and discharges with longer small current. The short-time large-current charging mode can improve the charging conversion efficiency, and the long-time small-current discharging can not cause damage to the storage battery and can keep the charging and discharging activity of the storage battery.
In the initial stage of charging, the storage battery has weak current receiving capability, and excessive charging current cannot be converted by the storage battery, so that terminal voltage can rise faster, and the charging current is smaller due to the action of the current conversion circuit so as to be suitable for the charging characteristic of the storage battery at the moment; after the initial charging stage, the capacity of the storage battery for receiving the charging current is gradually increased, and the charging current is also increased; then, after the storage capacity of the storage battery is increased to a certain time, the capacity of the storage battery to accept charging current slowly decreases, and the output current of the charger also slowly decreases under the action of the current conversion function, namely, the output current of the charger changes along with the current accepting capacity of the storage battery in each time period in the charging process of the storage battery, and in the later period of charging, the average value of the charging current is basically close to 0 although the charging current is discharged. The phenomenon that the storage battery loses water and heats and expands due to the fact that the charging current is larger than the current received by the storage battery and the surplus electric energy is converted into heat energy is avoided.
The present application provides a functional circuit capable of realizing the above charging method, comprising: the intermittent type, the convertor type charge control function, the steady flow function and the desulphurisation function can be used completely or selectively, and can be combined with different switch power supply circuits to charge the lead-acid storage battery, so that the charging current is effectively increased to more than 0.3 ℃, the charging time is shortened by more than half, the whole charging process is more in line with the charging characteristic of the storage battery, the heating value of the storage battery during high-current charging is reduced, the charging speed and the charging efficiency are effectively improved, and the service life of the storage battery after the charging current is increased is ensured not to be shortened.
Claims (7)
1. A quick charge control method for a lead-acid storage battery is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) At the beginning of charging, first, the high current variable current output charging phase: a variable-current control circuit is adopted, the maximum charging current is set according to the maximum current receiving capacity of the storage battery during charging, and the voltage rising speed of the storage battery during the maximum charging current is set as a voltage rising rate reference value; detecting terminal voltage of the storage battery in real time, comparing the detected terminal voltage rising speed of the storage battery with a set voltage rising rate reference value, and further adjusting the charging current in a sectional delay manner, so that the charging current is always tracked and kept synchronous with the instant current receiving capability of the storage battery;
in the high current variable output charging stage:
when the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is smaller than the set voltage rising rate reference value, the variable current control circuit charges the storage battery with the maximum charging current;
when the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is larger than a set voltage rising rate reference value, the variable current control circuit downwards regulates the charging current to charge by one grade, delays the state, recovers the charging current to the original large current after the delay is finished, charges by the large current if the voltage rising rate of the storage battery terminal is no longer larger than the voltage rising reference value, and downwards regulates the charging current by one grade if the voltage rising rate is larger than the voltage rising reference value, so that the control of the sectionalized delay is realized repeatedly;
2) When the charger is in a charging state, an intermittent control circuit is adopted to periodically turn off a control signal of continuous operation to force the charger to intermittently operate, and the storage battery is charged in an intermittent charging mode;
3) And finally, when the terminal voltage of the storage battery rises to the highest voltage, switching the charging mode to supplement charging and maintaining the storage battery:
the micro charge-discharge mode is adopted to supplement charge, activate and maintain the activity of the storage battery, namely, the storage battery is supplemented and maintained in a mode of short-time charging with large current and long-time discharging with small current;
the method comprises the steps of adopting a devulcanizing circuit to maintain a storage battery, setting a return difference voltage threshold value to be slightly smaller than a safe charging voltage of the storage battery, controlling the charging circuit to stop charging when the voltage of the end of the storage battery rises to the highest allowable voltage of the storage battery, starting the devulcanizing circuit to discharge in a small amplitude, and controlling the charging circuit to continuously charge the storage battery when the voltage of the end of the storage battery falls to the return difference voltage threshold value, so that the charging voltage rises to the highest allowable voltage of the storage battery again, and repeating the cycle.
2. A variable current control circuit for implementing the lead acid battery rapid charge control method of claim 1, characterized in that: the device comprises a variable current detection unit and a sectional delay control unit, wherein the sectional delay control unit adopts a comparison delay circuit to realize sectional delay control, the variable current detection unit adopts a voltage rise and fall detection circuit, and the output end of the voltage rise and fall detection circuit is connected with the input end of a comparator of the sectional delay control unit; the output end of the sectional delay control unit outputs a variable-current control signal through an amplifying circuit, so that the charging current is regulated by sectional delay.
3. The variable current control circuit of claim 2, wherein: the variable current detection unit adopts four resistors R41, R42, R43 and R44 to form a resistor bridge, a capacitor is respectively connected with diagonal bridge arms R42 and R43 of the resistor bridge, the input end of the resistor bridge is connected with two ends of a charged storage battery, and the output end A, B of the resistor bridge is connected with the input end of the segmentation delay control unit.
4. A variable current control circuit according to claim 3, wherein: in order to ensure the detection sensitivity and the detection consistency, an amplifying circuit is arranged in the bridge of the voltage rise and fall detection circuit and connected with a diagonal bridge arm, and diodes D42 and D43 and resistors R53 and R54 are added in a resistance bridge to improve the thermal stability and the detection precision of the circuit.
5. The variable current control circuit of claim 2, 3 or 4, wherein: the sectional delay control unit consists of a first-stage comparator and a first-stage delay circuit, wherein the return difference of the comparator is equal to the voltage rising value of the charged storage battery, when the terminal voltage rising value of the storage battery caused by large charging current is larger than the return difference of the comparator, the comparator AR4 reverses and clears the delay capacitor discharge, the delay AR5 outputs a high-potential control current-variable output tube to be conducted, and a current-variable signal with delay duration is output outwards.
6. A lead acid battery safe and quick charging device, comprising the variable current control circuit of claim 2, characterized in that: the power supply is characterized by further comprising an intermittent control circuit, a charging control circuit and a switching power supply, wherein the output of the variable current control circuit is connected with the switching power supply, the switching power supply is connected with the storage battery pack through a current stabilizing circuit, the charging control circuit is connected with the intermittent control circuit, the intermittent control circuit is connected with the switching power supply, and the current stabilizing circuit is also connected with the intermittent control circuit.
7. The lead-acid battery safety and quick charge device according to claim 6, wherein: the intermittent control circuit is composed of resistors R69, R70 and R71, capacitors C70 and C71, a double-base triode Q72, field effect triodes Q70 and Q71 and a diode D71, and is additionally arranged in a channel of a switching power supply voltage control signal, and the control signal which continuously works is periodically turned off to force the charging device to intermittently work, and the charging device is turned off along with the stop of the charging device after the storage battery is full.
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| JP2002199605A (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-07-12 | Matsushita Electric Works Ltd | Charging method and charger |
| CN101090206A (en) * | 2007-07-17 | 2007-12-19 | 王自 | Chopper stabilivolt charger |
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