CN111790645B - Method for sorting power batteries by gradient utilization - Google Patents
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- CN111790645B CN111790645B CN202010557738.3A CN202010557738A CN111790645B CN 111790645 B CN111790645 B CN 111790645B CN 202010557738 A CN202010557738 A CN 202010557738A CN 111790645 B CN111790645 B CN 111790645B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for sorting power batteries by gradient utilization. Although the traditional method can accurately measure parameters such as capacity, internal resistance and self-discharge of the battery, the testing time is long, and a large amount of charging and discharging testing equipment is required, so that the cost for sorting the power battery by utilizing the power battery in a gradient manner is obviously increased. The invention tests the open-circuit voltage of the echelon utilization power battery, the voltage change value of the battery in the charging or discharging process and the impedance values of different frequency points, sets corresponding deviation ranges for the test results of different parameters on the basis, and realizes the rapid sorting of the echelon utilization power battery. The method and the device can sort the power batteries according to the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries, the voltage change value in the charging and discharging process of 10 minutes, the impedance values under high frequency, medium frequency and low frequency, can finish the sorting work of the batteries within 15 minutes, realize the quick sorting of the power batteries used in the echelon, and greatly shorten the sorting time of the power batteries used in the echelon.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of electric automobiles and energy storage, and particularly relates to a method for sorting echelon utilization power batteries by determining which echelon utilization power batteries can be used together in a group.
Background
From 2012, the electric automobile industry in China enters a rapid development period, electric automobiles are sold for over 100 thousands in 2018 and 2019, and the accumulated holding capacity of electric automobiles in China is over 340 thousands by the end of 2019. The existing electric automobile mainly uses a lithium ion battery as a power source, the performance of the power battery is continuously reduced in the use process of the electric automobile, and when the performance of the power battery cannot meet the application requirements of a new energy automobile, the power battery needs to be retired from the automobile. Most of the retired power batteries also have high residual energy, and the batteries are evaluated and sorted again, so that the batteries can be applied to scenes with low requirements on battery performance and mild use conditions, and the graded utilization of the power batteries is realized.
Before use, the new batteries are sorted according to the parameters of the batteries, such as capacity, internal resistance, open-circuit voltage, self-discharge and the like, so that good consistency among the batteries is ensured. Compared with a new battery, the retired power battery is used for a long time, the performance difference among batteries is remarkably increased, and the consistency is remarkably poor, so that the batteries need to be sorted again before being used in a gradient manner, and the battery pack is ensured to have better consistency and performance in the gradient utilization process. Because the power battery is in an unknown state during retirement, the traditional method mainly adopts a new battery sorting method to test parameters such as capacity, internal resistance, open-circuit voltage, self-discharge and the like one by one, and then sets a certain deviation range for different parameters, so that the batteries meeting the requirements are sorted out. Although the traditional method can accurately measure parameters such as capacity, internal resistance, self-discharge and the like of the battery, the testing time is long, the capacity testing needs several hours to dozens of hours, the self-discharge testing needs several days to dozens of days, and a large amount of charge and discharge testing equipment needs to be occupied, so that the cost for sorting the power battery by utilizing the power battery in a gradient manner is obviously increased; for the power battery used in the echelon, the residual value is obviously lower than that of a new battery, and the economic efficiency of the echelon utilization stage can be greatly reduced due to the higher sorting cost; and if only the voltage and the internal resistance are tested (usually only the frequency of 1000 Hz), the capacity and the self-discharge performance which take a long time are not tested, and the state of the power battery cannot be utilized in a gradient way, so that the sorting effect is not ideal. Therefore, to the echelon power battery that utilizes, need develop a quick sorting mode, can shorten the battery by a wide margin and select separately the time, compromise the test analysis of battery different performance simultaneously to this reduces the echelon and utilizes the cost that power battery selected separately the link, promotes the economic nature that power battery echelon utilized.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rapid sorting method aiming at a power battery used in echelon, which can complete the test analysis of the parameters of the power battery used in echelon within 15 minutes so as to realize the rapid sorting of the power battery used in echelon.
Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a method for sorting power batteries by gradient utilization is characterized in that the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries by gradient utilization, the voltage change value of the batteries in the charging or discharging process and the impedance values of different frequency points are tested, and on the basis, corresponding deviation ranges are set for test results of different parameters, so that the rapid sorting of the power batteries by gradient utilization is realized.
The battery capacity test usually adopts a charging and discharging method, needs a long time (several hours), the battery voltage continuously changes in the charging and discharging process, the change speed is related to the charging and discharging current and the battery capacity, and therefore, under the condition of fixing the charging and discharging current and time, the capacity of the battery can be estimated to a certain extent through the change value of the battery voltage. The impedance of the power battery mainly comprises three parts, namely ohmic impedance of a high-frequency region, charge transfer impedance of a medium-frequency region and diffusion impedance of a low-frequency region, wherein the ohm mode impedance of the high-frequency region and the charge transfer impedance of the medium-frequency region mainly reflect the internal resistance characteristics of the battery in the processes of standing, charging and discharging, and the diffusion impedance of the low-frequency region has a certain relation with the self-discharging speed of the battery, so that the internal resistance and the self-discharging performance of the power battery can be utilized in a gradient manner by testing the impedance values of the battery at different frequency points.
The method can complete the rapid sorting of the power batteries used in the echelon within 15 minutes, greatly shortens the sorting cost of the power batteries used in the echelon, and also considers the main performance parameters of the power batteries used in the echelon.
Further, for the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage is more than 3.6V or less than 2.4V, gradient utilization is not carried out; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 2.4V to 3.10V, the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries, namely the range difference, in the same group is less than or equal to 100mV by using the steps during sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.10V to 3.40V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner is less than or equal to 50mV during sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.40V to 3.6V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner during sorting is less than or equal to 80 mV.
Further, for the ternary material/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage is more than 4.15V or less than 3.0V, gradient utilization is not carried out; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.0V to 3.50V, the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries, namely the range difference, in the same group is less than or equal to 120mV by using the steps in sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.50V to 3.90V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner is less than or equal to 50mV during sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.90V to 4.15V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner during sorting is less than or equal to 60 mV.
Further, the content of the voltage variation value test is as follows: judging whether to charge or discharge the battery according to the open-circuit voltage of the battery, discharging the battery when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is more than 3.23V for the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, and charging the battery when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is less than 3.23V; for the ternary material/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is more than 3.65V, the battery is discharged, and when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is less than 3.65V, the battery is charged; the specific steps of the test are as follows:
21) charging or discharging the battery at 0.5C rate of rated capacity for 10 min according to open-circuit voltage of the battery, and recording the voltage at the initial time of charging or discharging as V1Voltage value at end time is V2And calculating a battery voltage change value delta V within 10 minutes:
ΔV＝V1-V2 (1)
then, taking an absolute value of the change value to obtain | delta V |;
22) calculating the average value | Δ V tintof the absolute value of the voltage change of all the cells involved in the testave，
|ΔV|ave＝(|ΔV1|+|ΔV2|+…|ΔVr|…+|ΔVn|)/n (2)
|ΔVrL is the absolute value of the voltage change of the 10-minute nth battery, and n is the number of batteries;
23) calculate the 10 minute voltage change per cellAbsolute and mean | Δ V-aveThe ratio of (a) to (b) indicates that the voltage change is fast and the battery capacity is low in the charging or discharging process, and does not perform gradient utilization for the battery with the ratio greater than 1.6;
24) sorting according to the absolute value | delta V | of the voltage change of the battery in 10 minutes, selecting the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the absolute value | delta V | of the voltage change in the same group to be less than or equal to | delta V |, and sorting the batteries according to the absolute value | delta V | of the voltage change of the battery in 10 minutesave8% of (i), i.e.
|ΔV|max-|ΔV|min≤8％*|ΔV|ave (3)。
Further, when testing impedance values of different frequencies, 1000Hz is selected in a high-frequency section, 30Hz is selected in a medium-frequency section, and 0.5Hz is selected in a low-frequency section, the impedance values of the power battery under the 3 frequency points in the echelon utilization mode are respectively tested and are sequentially marked as R1000、R30And R0.5。
Further, the steps of testing impedance values at different frequencies are as follows:
31) calculating the average value of the impedance values of all the batteries participating in sorting at 3 frequency points by the following method:
R1000-ave＝(R1000-1+R1000-2+……+R1000-r+……+R1000-n) (4)
R30-ave＝(R30-1+R30-2+……+R30-r+……+R30-n) (5)
R0.5-ave＝(R0.5-1+R0.5-2+……+R0.5-r+……+R0.5-n) (6)
wherein R is1000-rThe impedance value of the R-th battery at the frequency point of 1000Hz, R30-rThe impedance value of the R-th battery at the frequency point of 30Hz, R0.5-rThe impedance value of the r battery at the frequency point of 0.5Hz, and n is the number of batteries participating in sorting;
32) calculating the ratio of the impedance value of each battery at 3 frequency points to the average value of the impedance at the frequency points, namely R1000-r/R1000-ave、R30-r/R30-aveAnd R0.5-r/R0.5-ave；
33) Sorting is performed according to the impedance values of the batteries at 3 frequencies.
Furthermore, in the step 32), for the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, when one of the three ratios is greater than 1.2, the impedance value is large, and gradient utilization is not performed; for the ternary material/graphite system battery, when one of the three ratios is larger than 1.3, the impedance value of the battery is larger, and the battery is not subjected to gradient utilization.
Further, in step 33),
resistance value R for 1000Hz frequency point1000The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 15% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-1000-max-RLFP-1000-min≤15％*RLFP-1000-ave (7)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system battery is less than or equal to 20% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-1000-max-RNCM-1000-min≤20％*RNCM-1000-ave (8)。
further, in step 33),
resistance value R for 30Hz frequency point30The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 18% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-30-max-RLFP-30-min≤18％*RLFP-30-ave (9)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the cell impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system cell is less than or equal to 24% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-30-max-RNCM-30-min≤24％*RNCM-30-ave (10)。
further, in step 33),
impedance for 0.5Hz frequency pointValue R0.5The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 24% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-0.5-max-RLFP-0.5-min≤24％*RLFP-0.5-ave (11)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system battery is less than or equal to 30% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-0.5-max-RNCM-0.5-min≤30％*RNCM-0.5-ave(12)。
according to the invention, the power battery is sorted according to the open-circuit voltage of the power battery, the voltage change value in the charging and discharging process of 10 minutes, the impedance value under high frequency, medium frequency and low frequency, the sorting work of the battery can be completed within 15 minutes, the rapid sorting of the power battery used in the echelon is realized, the sorting time of the power battery used in the echelon is greatly shortened, meanwhile, a plurality of performance indexes such as the capacity, the voltage, the impedance and the like of the power battery used in the echelon are considered, and the technical economy of the echelon utilization of the power battery is improved. The method adopted by the invention is easy to realize in engineering implementation and has higher application value. The invention has wide application prospect in the fields of electric vehicles, electrochemical energy storage, echelon utilization of power batteries and the like.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a sorting flow chart of the invention for echelon utilization of power batteries.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples and the accompanying drawings, but the scope of the invention is not limited to the following examples. Any modification and variation made within the spirit of the present invention and the scope of the claims fall within the scope of the present invention.
The embodiment provides a method for sorting power batteries by using a echelon as shown in fig. 1.
(1) And (3) testing open circuit voltage: and measuring the open-circuit voltage of each battery by using a high-precision voltage tester.
For a lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage is more than 3.6V or less than 2.4V, overcharge or overdischarge is possible in the historical use process, the potential safety hazard is large, and the battery is not utilized in a gradient manner; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 2.4V to 3.10V, the difference (range) between the maximum value and the minimum value of the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries in the same group is less than or equal to 100mV by using the steps in sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.10V to 3.40V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner is less than or equal to 50mV during sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.40V to 3.6V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner during sorting is less than or equal to 80 mV.
For a ternary material/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage is more than 4.15V or less than 3.0V, the possibility of overcharge or overdischarge exists in the historical use process, the potential safety hazard is large, and the ternary material/graphite system battery is not subjected to gradient utilization; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.0V to 3.50V, the difference (range) between the maximum value and the minimum value of the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries in the same group is less than or equal to 120mV by using the steps in sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.50V to 3.90V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner is less than or equal to 50mV during sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.90V to 4.15V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner during sorting is less than or equal to 60 mV.
(2) And (3) testing a voltage change value: determining whether to charge or discharge according to an open circuit voltage of the battery: for a lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is more than 3.23V, the battery is discharged, and when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is less than 3.23V, the battery is charged; for the ternary material/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is more than 3.65V, the battery is discharged, and when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is less than 3.65V, the battery is charged; the specific method comprises the following steps:
charging (discharging) the battery at 0.5C multiplying factor of rated capacity for 10 min according to the open-circuit voltage of the battery, and recording the voltage at the initial time of charging (discharging) as V1Voltage value at end time is V2Calculate for 10 minutesInternal battery voltage variation value Δ V:
ΔV＝V1-V2 (1)
then, the absolute value of the variation value is taken to obtain | delta V |.
Calculating the average value | DeltaV tintof the absolute value of the voltage change of all the cells participating in the testave，
|ΔV|ave＝(|ΔV1|+|ΔV2|+…|ΔVr|…+|ΔVn|)/n (2)
|ΔVrAnd | is the absolute value of the voltage change of the 10-minute nth battery, and n is the number of batteries.
Calculating absolute value and average value | delta V & lt & gtof voltage change of each battery in 10 minutesaveFor batteries with a ratio greater than 1.6, this indicates a faster voltage change during charging (discharging), a lower battery capacity, and no echelon utilization.
Sorting according to the absolute value | delta V | of the voltage change during 10 minutes of charging (discharging) of the battery, and selecting the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the absolute value | delta V | of the voltage change in the same group to be less than or equal to | delta V |, whereinave8% of (i), i.e.
|ΔV|max-|ΔV|min≤8％*|ΔV|ave (3)。
(3) Testing impedance values at different frequencies: selecting 1000Hz in the high-frequency section, 30Hz in the medium-frequency section and 0.5Hz in the low-frequency section, respectively testing the impedance values of the power battery under the 3 frequency points in the echelon utilization mode, and sequentially recording the impedance values as R1000、R30And R0.5。
Calculating the average value of the impedance values of all batteries participating in sorting at 3 frequency points, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
R1000-ave＝(R1000-1+R1000-2+……+R1000-r+……+R1000-n) (4)
R30-ave＝(R30-1+R30-2+……+R30-r+……+R30-n) (5)
R0.5-ave＝(R0.5-1+R0.5-2+……+R0.5-r+……+R0.5-n) (6)
wherein R is1000-rThe impedance value of the R-th battery at the frequency point of 1000Hz, R30-rThe impedance value of the R-th battery at the frequency point of 30Hz, R0.5-rThe impedance value of the r-th battery at the frequency point of 0.5Hz is shown, and n is the number of batteries participating in sorting.
Calculating the ratio of the impedance value of each battery at 3 frequency points to the average value of the impedance at the frequency points, namely R1000-r/R1000-ave、R30-r/R30-aveAnd R0.5-r/R0.5-aveFor a lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, when one of the three ratios is greater than 1.2, the impedance value is larger, and gradient utilization is not performed; for the ternary material/graphite system battery, when one of the three ratios is larger than 1.3, the impedance value is larger, and the battery is not subjected to gradient utilization.
And thirdly, sorting the batteries according to the impedance values of the batteries under 3 frequencies. Resistance value R for 1000Hz frequency point1000The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 15% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-1000-max-RLFP-1000-min≤15％*RLFP-1000-ave (7)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system battery is less than or equal to 20% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-1000-max-RNCM-1000-min≤20％*RNCM-1000-ave (8)
resistance value R for 30Hz frequency point30The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 18% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-30-max-RLFP-30-min≤18％*RLFP-30-ave (9)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the cell impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system cell is less than or equal to 24% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-30-max-RNCM-30-min≤24％*RNCM-30-ave (10)
resistance value R for 0.5Hz frequency point0.5The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 24% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-0.5-max-RLFP-0.5-min≤24％*RLFP-0.5-ave (11)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system battery is less than or equal to 30% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-0.5-max-RNCM-0.5-min≤30％*RNCM-0.5-ave (12)。
Claims (7)
1. a method for sorting power batteries by echelon utilization is characterized in that the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries by echelon utilization, the voltage change value of the batteries in the charging or discharging process and the impedance values of different frequency points are tested, and on the basis, corresponding deviation ranges are set for the test results of different parameters, so that the rapid sorting of the power batteries by echelon utilization is realized;
the content of the battery voltage variation value test is as follows: judging whether to charge or discharge the battery according to the open-circuit voltage of the battery, discharging the battery when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is more than 3.23V for the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, and charging the battery when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is less than 3.23V; for the ternary material/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is more than 3.65V, the battery is discharged, and when the open-circuit voltage of the battery is less than 3.65V, the battery is charged;
the specific steps of the battery voltage change value test are as follows:
21) charging or discharging the battery at 0.5C rate of rated capacity for 10 min according to open-circuit voltage of the battery, and recording the voltage at the initial time of charging or discharging as V1Voltage value at end time is V2And calculating a battery voltage change value delta V within 10 minutes:
ΔV＝V1-V2 (1)
then, taking an absolute value of the change value to obtain | delta V |;
22) calculating the average value | Δ V tintof the absolute value of the voltage change of all the cells involved in the testave，
|ΔV|ave＝(|ΔV1|+|ΔV2|+…|ΔVr|....+|ΔVn|)/n (2)
|ΔVrL is the absolute value of the voltage change of the 10-minute nth battery, and n is the number of batteries;
23) calculating the absolute value and the average value | DeltaV! of the voltage change of each battery in 10 minutesaveThe ratio of (a) to (b) indicates that the voltage change is fast and the battery capacity is low in the charging or discharging process, and does not perform gradient utilization for the battery with the ratio greater than 1.6;
24) sorting according to the absolute value | delta V | of the voltage change of the battery in 10 minutes, selecting the difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the absolute value | delta V | of the voltage change in the same group to be less than or equal to | delta V |, and sorting the batteries according to the absolute value | delta V | of the voltage change of the battery in 10 minutesave8% of (i), i.e.
|ΔV|max-|ΔV|min≤8％*|ΔV|ave (3)；
When testing impedance values of different frequencies, selecting 1000Hz in a high-frequency section, 30Hz in a medium-frequency section and 0.5Hz in a low-frequency section, respectively testing the impedance values of the power battery under the 3 frequency points in the echelon, and sequentially recording as R1000、R30And R0.5；
The steps of the impedance value test of different frequencies are as follows:
31) calculating the average value of the impedance values of all the batteries participating in sorting at 3 frequency points by the following method:
R1000-ave＝(R1000-1+R1000-2+……+R1000-r+……+R1000-n) (4)
R30-ave＝(R30-1+R30-2+……+R30-r+……+R30-n) (5)
R0.5-ave＝(R0.5-1+R0.5-2+……+R0.5-r+……+R0.5-n) (6)
wherein R is1000-rThe impedance value of the R-th battery at the frequency point of 1000Hz, R30-rThe impedance value of the R-th battery at the frequency point of 30Hz, R0.5-rThe impedance value of the r battery at the frequency point of 0.5Hz, and n is the number of batteries participating in sorting;
32) calculating the ratio of the impedance value of each battery at 3 frequency points to the average value of the impedance at the frequency points, namely R1000-r/R1000-ave、R30-r/R30-aveAnd R0.5-r/R0.5-ave；
33) Sorting is performed according to the impedance values of the batteries at 3 frequencies.
2. The method for sorting the gradient utilization power battery according to claim 1, wherein for the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage is more than 3.6V or less than 2.4V, the gradient utilization is not performed; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 2.4V to 3.10V, the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries, namely the range difference, in the same group is less than or equal to 100mV by using the steps during sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.10V to 3.40V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner is less than or equal to 50mV during sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.40V to 3.6V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner during sorting is less than or equal to 80 mV.
3. The method for sorting the gradient utilization power battery according to claim 1, wherein for the ternary material/graphite system battery, when the open-circuit voltage is more than 4.15V or less than 3.0V, the gradient utilization is not carried out; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.0V to 3.50V, the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the open-circuit voltage of the power batteries, namely the range difference, in the same group is less than or equal to 120mV by using the steps in sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.50V to 3.90V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner is less than or equal to 50mV during sorting; for the power batteries with the open-circuit voltage of 3.90V to 4.15V, the open-circuit voltage range of the power batteries used in the same group in a gradient manner during sorting is less than or equal to 60 mV.
4. The method for sorting the power battery by using the echelon as recited in claim 1, wherein in the step 32), when one of the three ratios of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system battery is greater than 1.2, the impedance value of the battery is larger, and the battery is not used by using the echelon; for the ternary material/graphite system battery, when one of the three ratios is larger than 1.3, the impedance value of the battery is larger, and the battery is not subjected to gradient utilization.
5. The method for sorting power batteries by gradient utilization according to claim 1, wherein in step 33),
resistance value R for 1000Hz frequency point1000The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 15% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-1000-max-RLFP-1000-min≤15％*RLFP-1000-ave (7)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system battery is less than or equal to 20% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-1000-max-RNCM-1000-min≤20％*RNCM-1000-ave (8)。
6. the method for sorting power batteries by gradient utilization according to claim 1, wherein in step 33),
resistance value R for 30Hz frequency point30The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 18% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-30-max-RLFP-30-min≤18％*RLFP-30-ave (9)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the cell impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system cell is less than or equal to 24% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-30-max-RNCM-30-min≤24％*RNCM-30-ave (10)。
7. the method for sorting power batteries by gradient utilization according to claim 1, wherein in step 33),
resistance value R for 0.5Hz frequency point0.5The difference value between the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the lithium iron phosphate/graphite system batteries is less than or equal to 24% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RLFP-0.5-max-RLFP-0.5-min≤24％*RLFP-0.5-ave (11)
the difference value of the maximum value and the minimum value of the battery impedance in the same group of the ternary material/graphite system battery is less than or equal to 30% of the average value at the frequency point, namely:
RNCM-0.5-max-RNCM-0.5-min≤30％*RNCM-0.5-ave (12)。
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