CN110935655A - Self-discharge rapid screening method based on branch current change of parallel battery pack - Google Patents
Self-discharge rapid screening method based on branch current change of parallel battery pack Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/02—Measures preceding sorting, e.g. arranging articles in a stream orientating
Abstract
The invention provides a self-discharge rapid screening method based on the change of the current of a parallel battery pack branch circuit, which comprises the following steps: step one, balancing the battery cells to be screened by using a battery cell balancing device; step two, connecting the balanced battery cells into a parallel circuit, monitoring the current change of each branch circuit, and estimating the relative self-discharge rate of each battery cell of the parallel battery pack by combining with an equivalent circuit model with self-discharge; and step three, evenly distributing the electric cores screened in the step two and measured in relative self-discharge rate to each sorting device, and repeating the step two to obtain the relative self-discharge rate of the electric cores among the screening devices. The invention can sort and classify the self-discharge of the battery cell in a short time and has higher precision. And the adopted equipment has low cost and is suitable for large-scale self-discharge separation of the battery cells.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of battery cell screening, in particular to a self-discharge rapid screening method based on the change of branch current of a parallel battery pack.
Background
In recent years, the harm to the environment caused by the large-scale use of automobiles is increasing while people enjoy the convenience brought by the rapid development of the automobile industry. With the increasing attention of people to the environment and the reduction of the emission of greenhouse gases, the development of new energy automobiles becomes the central importance of the healthy development of the automobile industry. In the field of new energy vehicles, electric vehicles are receiving sufficient attention due to their satisfactory performance and efficiency. Lithium ion power batteries are widely used in electric vehicles due to their advantages of high energy density, long standby time, and no pollution.
At present, the requirements on the use performances of the electric automobile such as dynamic property and the like are higher and higher. However, due to the restriction of inconsistency of the battery pack, the performance index of the battery pack cannot reach the original level of a single battery cell when the battery pack is used, and the application of the battery pack to an electric vehicle is seriously influenced. The battery pack on the electric automobile is mainly formed by a large number of battery cells which are matched and then connected in series and in parallel, and the consistency difference of the battery cells directly determines the performance of the battery pack. The indexes for evaluating the consistency of the battery mainly comprise capacity, internal resistance, attenuation rate, coulombic efficiency, self-discharge rate and the like, wherein the capacity and the internal resistance are current state quantities, and the attenuation rate, the coulombic efficiency, the self-discharge rate and the like are cumulative quantities. Conventional screening is limited to efficiency and cost, and generally considers more screening of the current state quantity. However, the consistency of the current state quantity is only pseudo-consistency, and according to the capacity evolution mechanism of the series battery pack, the consistency of the cumulant quantity is guaranteed, namely the consistency of the attenuation rate, the coulomb efficiency and the self-discharge rate is the key for improving the consistency of the battery pack for a long time. The consistency of the decay rate is not yet well sorted, but generally improved only by the consistency of the material and the process control. Coulombic efficiency is related to both decay rate and self-discharge rate, and sorting difficulty is also great. Jeff Dahn et al studied an ultra-high precision coulombic efficiency measurement method for sorting, but the cost is high and large-scale use is difficult. We made the discrimination of coulombic efficiency differences by series cells, however, as with decay rate sorting, the time required was very long. Sorting of self-discharge is relatively easy to realize, and the consistency of the self-discharge rate of the battery has important significance for improving the consistency of the battery. The self-discharge rate of the battery cell is generally 2% -5%/month, so that the use requirement can be met, however, after the battery cells are connected in series to form a group, if a battery with large self-discharge exists, the service life of the series battery pack is greatly reduced due to the electric quantity difference, the capacity of the battery pack can be recovered only by frequent work of a battery balancing device, and meanwhile, the working efficiency of the series battery pack is also damaged. Therefore, it is relatively effective and practicable to study the consistency detection method of self-discharge in terms of improving the consistency of the accumulated amount. At present, the conventional screening method is mainly used for placing a battery cell for a long time in an open circuit and then measuring the voltage at two ends of the battery cell, but the method is long in time consumption, and at least five days are needed at normal temperature, so that the method is unfavorable for site occupation and fund utilization.
Based on the reasons, in order to improve the self-discharge screening efficiency of the battery core, the invention discloses a method for sorting the self-discharge of the battery core based on the current change of each branch circuit of the parallel battery core, which can sort and classify the self-discharge of the battery core in a short time and has higher precision. And the adopted equipment has low cost and is suitable for large-scale self-discharge separation of the battery cells.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problems and provides a self-discharge rapid screening method based on the branch current change of a parallel battery pack, which can improve the self-discharge screening efficiency of a battery cell, can sort and classify the self-discharge of the battery cell in a short time and has higher precision.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a self-discharge rapid screening method based on the current change of parallel battery pack branches comprises the following steps:
step one, balancing the battery cells to be screened by using a battery cell balancing device;
step two, connecting the balanced battery cells into a parallel circuit, monitoring the current change of each branch circuit, and estimating the relative self-discharge rate of each battery cell of the parallel battery pack by combining with an equivalent circuit model with self-discharge;
and step three, evenly distributing the electric cores screened in the step two and measured in relative self-discharge rate to each sorting device, and repeating the step two to obtain the relative self-discharge rate of the electric cores among the screening devices.
In the first step of the self-discharge rapid screening method based on the branch current change of the parallel battery pack, the cell balancing device comprises: a bidirectional DCDC converter, a multi-path electromechanical switch;
and two sides of the bidirectional DCDC converter are respectively connected with an output pole of a battery cell box body consisting of battery cells to be screened and a common end of the multi-path electromechanical switch.
In the first step of the self-discharge rapid screening method based on the branch current change of the parallel battery pack, the method for balancing the battery cell to be screened comprises the following steps: according to the single battery cell with the highest voltage, the single battery cell is connected into the bidirectional DCDC converter through the multi-path electromechanical switch to charge the battery pack, the single battery cell with the lowest voltage is connected into the bidirectional DCDC converter through the multi-path electromechanical switch, the battery pack is used for charging the battery cell, and after balancing is finished, all the battery cell voltages tend to be consistent.
In the second step of the self-discharge rapid screening method based on the current change of the parallel battery pack branches, each branch monitors the current change through a series high-precision ammeter.
In the third step of the self-discharge rapid screening method based on the current change of the parallel battery pack branch circuit, each set of sorting equipment is provided with a battery cell with a measured relative self-discharge rate.
Compared with the traditional screening method, the method has the advantages that the self-discharge of the battery cell can be sorted and classified in a short time, and meanwhile, the method has higher precision. And the adopted equipment has low cost and is suitable for large-scale self-discharge separation of the battery cells.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a screening flow chart of a self-discharge rapid screening method based on a branch current change of a parallel battery pack.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cell balancing apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a cell sorting apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of three-cell parallel screening in the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a graph of current curves of each branch in the embodiment of the present invention, in which the corresponding self-discharge rates in the Test # 1 of FIG. A are 5%/month, 4%/month, and 3%/month, respectively, and the corresponding current changes in 1h are-1.577 uA, -0.371uA, and 1.670uA, respectively; in the Test # 2 in FIG. (B), the self-discharge rates were 5%/month, and 3%/month, respectively, and the current changes in 1 hour were-1.38 uA, -1.26uA, and 2.16uA, respectively.
Fig. 6 is a graph of simulation results of relative self-discharge rates in an embodiment of the invention, where (a) is that actual self-discharge rates of cells No. 2 and No. 3 in Test # 1 are 1% per month and 2% per month respectively relative to cell No. 1, and corresponding simulation values are 1.075% per month and 2.03% per month respectively; (B) the actual self-discharge rates of the cells 2 and 3 in Test # 2 are 2%/month compared with the cell 1, and the corresponding simulation values are 1.99%/month and 2.08%/month respectively.
Detailed Description
The technical solution adopted by the present invention will be further explained with reference to the schematic drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, the figure shows a screening process of a self-discharge rapid screening method based on the current change of a parallel battery pack branch, the process includes I, battery balancing → II, primary screening → III secondary screening, the invention is mainly used for self-discharge sorting of a large number of battery cells which are just delivered from a factory, eliminating the battery cells with high self-discharge rate and dividing the battery cells with similar self-discharge rate into a group, and the invention is described in detail below with reference to fig. 1.
Step one, the battery cells 1 to be screened (not balanced) are placed into the battery cell balancing equipment shown in fig. 2 for balancing, and the battery cell balancing device includes a bidirectional DCDC converter 17 and a multi-path electromechanical switch 19. Two sides of the bidirectional DCDC converter 17 are respectively connected with an output pole of a battery cell box 8 consisting of the battery cells 1 to be screened and a common end of the multi-path electromechanical switch 19. According to the single battery cell with the highest measured voltage, the single battery cell is connected to the bidirectional DCDC converter 17 by the multi-path electromechanical switch 19 to charge the battery pack; for the single battery cell with the lowest measured voltage, the single battery cell is connected to the bidirectional DCDC converter 17 through the multi-path electromechanical switch 19, and the battery cell is charged by using the battery pack. After the equalization is finished, the voltages of the battery cells tend to be consistent.
Selecting n (n depends on the number of screening devices) blocks of the balanced battery cells 2, placing the balanced battery cells into a battery cell sorting device, as shown in fig. 3, in the sorting device, connecting the negative electrodes of the battery cells with the negative electrodes through leads, connecting the positive electrodes of the battery cells with the negative pole columns of one high-precision ammeter 3, connecting the positive pole columns of all the high-precision ammeters 3 with each other, recording the current change of each branch in real time through the high-precision ammeter 3 on each branch, transmitting the acquired current signal to an upper computer, and estimating the relative self-discharge rate of each battery cell connected in parallel with the battery pack by combining an equivalent circuit model with self-discharge.
Step three, the electric cores 5 with the measured relative self-discharge rates screened in the step two are evenly distributed to each sorting device, and the step two is repeated, so that the relative self-discharge rates of the electric cores among the screening devices can be accurately estimated, and the sorting devices (namely the electric core sorting device) are shown in fig. 3.
The unbalanced cells in the step one are the cells 1 to be screened, the states of charge (SOC) of the cells are inconsistent at the initial moment, which results in inconsistent open-circuit voltages, and the method has a precondition that the voltages of the cells in the parallel battery pack are ensured to be similar, so that the cells need to be balanced before screening.
In the first step, a certain single battery cell is connected to the bidirectional DCDC converter 17 through the multi-channel electromechanical switch 19 to charge and discharge the battery cell, so that the balancing effect is achieved.
Fig. 1 shows a screening process of a battery cell 1 to be screened, an equalized battery cell 2, a high-precision ammeter 3, a battery cell 4 with an unmeasured relative self-discharge rate, a battery cell 5 with a measured relative self-discharge rate, and a numerical calculation unit 6, where the high-precision ammeter 3 transmits data to the numerical calculation unit 6, such as a computer.
In fig. 2, the cell balancing apparatus includes a bidirectional DCDC converter 17 and a multi-way electromechanical switch 19. Two sides of the bidirectional DCDC converter 17 are respectively connected with an output pole of a cell box 8 composed of cells 1 to be screened and a common end of a multi-path electromechanical switch 19, a single cell 7 in the cell box 8 is also shown in fig. 2, and the multi-path electromechanical switch 19 comprises an armature 9, a slider 10, a coupler 11, a stepping motor 12, a bearing 13, a lead screw 14 and a guide rail 20. The armature 9 is arranged on a slide block 10, the stepping motor 12 is connected with a screw rod 14 arranged on a bearing 13 through a coupler 11, and a guide rail 20 is fixed on a support and used for controlling the rotation freedom degree of the slide block 10 on the screw rod 14. When the device works, the stepping motor 12 drives the screw rod 14 arranged on the bearing 13 through the coupler 11, and the screw rod 14 and the guide rail 20 jointly act to realize the translation of the sliding block 10. The bidirectional DCDC converter 17 includes a primary-side fet 15, a high-frequency transformer 16, and a secondary-side fet 18, and the cell balancing device formed by the bidirectional DCDC converter 17 and the multi-way electromechanical switch 19 is the prior art and will not be described herein.
The principle adopted by the parallel screening circuit in the step two is that the open-circuit voltage difference is caused by the self-discharge difference of each battery cell, so that the change of the ammeter representation number is influenced, and therefore the relative self-discharge rate of each battery cell can be estimated according to the current of each branch circuit. Each battery cell has self-discharge more or less, but the self-discharge degree of each battery cell is different, and the index for evaluating the self-discharge degree of the battery cell is the self-discharge rate. Before the circuit connection of the battery cell, the electric quantity loss rate of the battery cell is different due to the difference of self-discharge rates, and the corresponding SOC and the open-circuit voltage drop rate are also different (the voltage can still be regarded as the open-circuit voltage because the self-discharge current is smaller than the capacity of the battery cell). For a series battery, the difference cannot be compensated by itself, and the increasing difference in the electric quantity between the cells will result in additional loss of the battery life. For the parallel battery, taking three cells connected in parallel as an example, as shown in fig. 4, the three cells are connected into a parallel circuit, and a μ a-level current meter (e.g. microampere meter) is connected to each branch to record the current change in real time, in the figure, the current meter consists of an ideal current source a and an internal resistance RaThe current flowing through the ammeter is denoted as I. Each electric core with self-discharge phenomenon has corresponding self-discharge current IleakThe cell can be equivalent to a cell without self-discharge and connected with an equivalent self-discharge resistor R in parallels. Since the self-discharge rates (self-discharge rate calculation formula (1)) of the three cells are different, each cell corresponds to an equivalent self-discharge resistor RsAlso different, the cell with a large self-discharge rate, RsRelatively small, low self-discharge rate cells, RsIs relatively large. Before parallel screening, the three electric cores are balanced, so that the open-circuit voltages of the three electric cores tend to be consistent, and the open-circuit voltage difference delta U isocvApproaching 0. After the parallel connection of the ammeter, the open-circuit voltages of three cells will be different due to different self-discharge, and the voltage difference will occur among the branches, so that the ammeter number I (I is given by the formula (2)) changes, and the initial stage is due to the fact that I<IleakThe self-discharge difference between the two cells cannot be compensated, so that the open-circuit voltage difference delta U is generated along with the timeocvWill increase resulting in an increasing | I |. A certain battery cell in each parallel screening circuit is set as a reference battery cell, the self-discharge rate of the battery cell is considered to be 0, and then the change of the current I of each branch circuit is combined with an equivalent circuit model with self-discharge to estimate the relative values of the self-discharge rates of other battery cells and the reference battery cell.
The self-discharge rate formula is:
in the third step, the n cells screened in the second step are evenly distributed to n screening devices as reference cells, that is, each screening device has a cell 5 with a measured relative self-discharge rate, after the secondary screening is finished, the self-discharge rates of other cells in each device are known relative to the reference cells, and the relative self-discharge rates among the reference cells of each device are measured in the second step, so that the relative self-discharge rates among the cells in all the devices can be obtained, and the cells are grouped.
Example 1: a self-discharge rapid screening method based on the current change of parallel battery pack branches comprises the following steps: step 1, taking 3 ternary soft-package lithium battery cells with the capacity of 26Ah, placing the 3 battery cell monomers into balancing equipment (a battery cell balancing device) at normal temperature, and connecting the monomer batteries into a bidirectional DCDC converter to charge a battery pack by using a multi-path electromechanical switch according to the monomer batteries with the highest voltage; or a multi-way electromechanical switch is connected into the bidirectional DCDC converter, and the battery pack is used for charging the single battery with the lowest voltage. And after automatic equalization for 2h, obtaining the equalized battery cell monomer.
Table 1 experimental parameter settings
As shown in FIG. 5 and Table 2, the Test # 1 had self-discharge rates of 5%/month, 4%/month, and 3%/month, and the current changes in 1h were-1.577 uA, -0.371uA, and 1.670uA, respectively; the self-discharge rates in Test # 2 were 5%/month, and 3%/month, respectively, and the current changes in 1h were-1.38 uA, -1.26uA, and 2.16uA, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, in addition to the positive current, the negative current change rate of each branch is proportional to the self-discharge rate of the cell of the branch. Due to the problem of temperature drift of a point 0 of the ammeter, the sum of the measured currents of each branch is not equal to 0, but the sum of the change rates of the current sources of each branch approaches 0, so that the relative self-discharge rate of each battery cell can be still identified according to the change rate of the current of each branch.
And because each branch circuit is added with an ammeter, under the action of the internal resistance of the ammeter, the energy transfer among the battery cores becomes very small, so that when the number of the parallel battery cores is increased, the negative current change rate of each branch circuit is not greatly influenced, and the screening efficiency is greatly increased.
TABLE 2 Experimental data
And 3, combining the current data measured by the experiment with an equivalent circuit model with self-discharge to estimate the relative self-discharge rate of each battery cell, comparing the experiment current with the simulation current when the equivalent circuit model is established, adjusting the correction coefficient until the simulation current is basically superposed with the experiment current to eliminate the interference of the temperature drift of the 0 point of the ammeter and other factors, and recording the correction coefficient at the moment. In both experiments, Cell _1 is taken as a reference Cell, the self-discharge rate is set to be 0, the values of the self-discharge rates of Cell _2 and Cell _3 relative to Cell _1 are respectively calculated, and a correction coefficient is applied to the model to improve the accuracy, wherein the correction coefficient is suitable for the model established by the same Cell at 27% SOC. The simulation results are shown in fig. 6, in which the solid line represents the real-time estimated relative self-discharge rate and the dashed line represents the average value. Actual self-discharge rates of the No. 2 and No. 3 cells in the Test # 1 are 1%/month and 2%/month respectively relative to the No. 1 cell, and corresponding simulation values are 1.075%/month and 2.03%/month respectively. The actual self-discharge rates of the cells No. 2 and No. 3 in the Test # 2 are 2%/month relative to the cell No. 1, and the corresponding simulation values are 1.99%/month and 2.08%/month respectively. Comparing the simulation result with the actual value, the deviation of the relative self-discharge rate can be kept within 0.1%, and the relative self-discharge rate of each battery cell can be accurately identified.
The experiment only uses 3 electric cores for verification, the number of the electric cores can be further increased in practical application, the screening time cannot be increased, the method can be used for rapidly and accurately classifying the electric cores according to self-discharge, and meanwhile, the adopted equipment is low in cost and suitable for large-scale self-discharge separation.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in any way. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A self-discharge rapid screening method based on the current change of a parallel battery pack branch is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, balancing the battery cells to be screened by using a battery cell balancing device;
step two, connecting the balanced battery cells into a parallel circuit, monitoring the current change of each branch circuit, and estimating the relative self-discharge rate of each battery cell of the parallel battery pack by combining with an equivalent circuit model with self-discharge;
and step three, evenly distributing the electric cores screened in the step two and measured in relative self-discharge rate to each sorting device, and repeating the step two to obtain the relative self-discharge rate of the electric cores among the screening devices.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the cell balancing device includes: a bidirectional DCDC converter, a multi-path electromechanical switch;
and two sides of the bidirectional DCDC converter are respectively connected with an output pole of a battery cell box body consisting of battery cells to be screened and a common end of the multi-path electromechanical switch.
3. The self-discharge rapid screening method based on the current change of the parallel battery pack branches according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, the method for balancing the battery cells to be screened comprises the following steps: according to the single battery cell with the highest voltage, the single battery cell is connected into the bidirectional DCDC converter through the multi-path electromechanical switch to charge the battery pack, the single battery cell with the lowest voltage is connected into the bidirectional DCDC converter through the multi-path electromechanical switch, the battery pack is used for charging the battery cell, and after balancing is finished, all the battery cell voltages tend to be consistent.
4. The method for fast screening self-discharge based on the current change of the parallel battery pack branches according to claim 1, wherein in the second step, each branch monitors the current change through a series high-precision ammeter.
5. The method for rapidly screening self-discharge based on the current change of the parallel battery pack branches according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, each set of sorting equipment has a cell with a measured self-discharge rate.
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| CN111965545A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-20 | 蜂巢能源科技有限公司 | Lithium battery self-discharge detection method, device and system |
| WO2023060394A1 (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2023-04-20 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery self-discharge detection method, and circuit and device |
| WO2024014244A1 (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-01-18 | 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ | Information processing apparatus, electricity storage device, information processing method, and program |
| CN115856677A (en) * | 2023-03-03 | 2023-03-28 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery self-discharge detection method and device, electronic equipment and storage medium |
| CN116184235A (en) * | 2023-04-26 | 2023-05-30 | 国民技术股份有限公司 | Method and device for detecting self-discharge performance of battery |
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