CN110687464A - Speed-adjustable type gradient utilization power battery sorting method - Google Patents
Speed-adjustable type gradient utilization power battery sorting method Download PDFInfo
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/385—Arrangements for measuring battery or accumulator variables
- G01R31/387—Determining ampere-hour charge capacity or SoC
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/34—Sorting according to other particular properties
- B07C5/344—Sorting according to other particular properties according to electric or electromagnetic properties
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/389—Measuring internal impedance, internal conductance or related variables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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Abstract
The invention discloses a speed-adjustable type gradient utilization power battery sorting method, which is used for sorting at different speeds according to different gradient utilization practical application scene requirements, formulating three sorting modes of high speed, medium speed and low speed according to the sorting requirement duration, and adopting different sorting strategies. The invention mainly carries out matching sorting through the battery capacity and the internal resistance under different SOC conditions, determines the sorting precision aiming at the high and low sorting speed required, and realizes the sorting of the batteries in a gradient way, thereby ensuring the consistency of battery grouping, improving the utilization rate of the power battery and enhancing the economy of the battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly relates to a speed-adjustable type gradient utilization power battery sorting method.
Background
With the improvement of national requirements on energy conservation and environmental protection and the rapid development of new energy automobile industry, the explosive growth of the output and sales of electric automobiles in China drives the same proportion growth of power batteries, the retired power batteries still have great residual value, and the capacity and power of the retired power batteries can still meet the requirements of various energy storage occasions.
At present, no particularly intensive research is carried out on the sorting mode of the echelon batteries, most of the currently proposed theoretical methods are to detect the voltage, the capacity and the internal resistance of the batteries, compare and judge the data of each battery, sort the batteries meeting the requirements and reduce the inconsistency of the batteries. The existing method has the defects of long sorting time which is not manually controlled, long sorting time, more steps and the like, and is difficult to perform the quick sorting of retired batteries according to the specific time. The peak of decommissioning of the power battery is faced in 2020 + 2030 years, the performance of the power battery can be fully exerted through gradient utilization, the economy is improved, the pressure caused by the urgent need of recycling of a large number of power batteries can be relieved, and the decommissioned batteries come from different manufacturers and have different capacity and state characteristics. Then, the existing echelon utilization sorting method is difficult to carry out basis sorting on the retired batteries within a specific time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a speed-adjustable type grading method for utilizing power batteries in a gradient manner.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a speed-adjustable type gradient utilization power battery sorting method comprises the following steps:
determining the sorting required time length of each battery, and formulating three sorting modes of high speed, medium speed and low speed according to the sorting required time length;
for the batteries formulated into a rapid sorting mode, performing preliminary evaluation and detection on the batteries used in the echelon, and screening out the batteries which can be used in the echelon;
for the batteries formulated in the medium-speed sorting mode, after the batteries are subjected to preliminary evaluation detection to sort out batteries meeting the requirements, carrying out capacity test on the batteries, and sorting the batteries according to the measured capacity;
for the batteries which are made into a slow sorting mode, after the batteries are subjected to preliminary evaluation detection and capacity test to sort out batteries which meet the requirements, the sorted batteries are subjected to battery parameter measurement by a method which meets the time requirements of the batteries, and then are sorted.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following remarkable advantages: the invention mainly carries out matching sorting through the battery capacity and the internal resistance under different SOC conditions, determines the sorting precision aiming at the high and low sorting speed required, and realizes the sorting of the batteries in a gradient way, thereby ensuring the consistency of battery grouping, improving the utilization rate of the power battery and enhancing the economy of the battery.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rapid sorting method of graded batteries.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a medium-speed sorting mode of a graded battery.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a slow sorting method of the echelon batteries.
Detailed Description
A speed-adjustable type gradient utilization power battery sorting method comprises the following steps:
determining the sorting required time length of each battery, and formulating three sorting modes of high speed, medium speed and low speed according to the sorting required time length;
for the batteries formulated as a rapid sorting mode, performing preliminary evaluation and detection on the batteries used in the echelon, and screening out the batteries which can be used in the echelon, as shown in fig. 1;
for the batteries formulated as the medium-speed sorting mode, after the batteries are subjected to preliminary evaluation detection and sorting to select batteries meeting the requirements, carrying out capacity test on the batteries, and sorting the batteries according to the measured capacity, as shown in fig. 2;
for the batteries prepared as the slow sorting mode, after the batteries are subjected to preliminary evaluation detection and capacity test to sort out the batteries meeting the requirements, the sorted batteries are subjected to battery parameter measurement by a method meeting the time requirement of the batteries, and then are sorted, as shown in fig. 3.
The sorted target battery is a power battery eliminated after the electric vehicle is used for one time, and secondary utilization of the power battery is realized through sorting the power battery.
Further, the sorting requirement duration of each battery is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein T is the total sorting duration requirement, N is the total number of batteries to be sorted, N is the number of channels of the equipment for detecting the batteries, T is the sorting duration required by each battery, and the total duration of the battery capacity test time and the battery parameter experiment is not more than T.
When t is more than or equal to 1h and less than 3h, determining the sorting strategy as a rapid sorting mode; when t is more than or equal to 3h and less than 9h, determining that the sorting strategy is a medium-speed sorting mode; and when t is more than or equal to 9h, determining that the sorting strategy is a slow sorting mode.
Further, the rapid sorting method comprises the following specific steps:
firstly, selecting batteries without shell damage, battery bulge, bulge and leakage, selecting batteries with intact shapes, and finishing the following sorting aiming at the selected batteries:
(2-1) measuring the voltage value of the battery, and eliminating the battery with the voltage value falling to the lowest standard voltage of the battery;
(2-2) judging and sorting the SOC of the battery through battery data obtained by researching the original battery of the model and a built battery model, charging the battery with the electric quantity lower than 50% to ensure that the SOC reaches 50% -80%, standing for 15 minutes, applying a 2c charging pulse to the battery for 10 seconds, and applying a 2c discharging pulse for 10 seconds after standing for 30 seconds;
(2-3) calculating the internal resistance of the single battery, setting the internal resistance as R, and calculating the SOH of the battery at the moment through the following formula:
wherein R isEOLInternal resistance when the battery is scrapped, RNEWThe internal resistance of the new battery is obtained; and eliminating the batteries with the SOH lower than 20%, and sorting out the batteries which can be used for secondary utilization.
The step can only detect the batteries which can be continuously utilized, reject the discarded batteries and can not sort the batteries with similar performance parameters into groups.
Further, the medium-speed sorting mode is as follows:
(3-1) charging the batteries selected in the rapid sorting mode in a constant-current and constant-voltage mode until the charging current is reduced to 0.02 c;
(3-2) performing a constant current discharge experiment on the fully charged battery;
(3-3) calculating the battery capacity by a current integration method to obtain the battery capacity of each battery, and sorting the batteries; arranging the detection batteries in the order of the capacities from large to small, and sorting the N batteries with the minimum capacity difference from the required capacity to finish sorting when the sorting mode is a medium-speed sorting mode; and when the sorting mode is slow sorting, sorting the 2N batteries with the minimum difference with the required capacity to finish sorting.
Further, the slow sorting mode specifically comprises the following steps:
(4-1) charging the batteries selected by the medium-speed sorting mode in a constant-current and constant-voltage mode until the charging current is reduced to 0.02 c;
(4-2) performing constant current discharge on the battery by using the current of 1c, selecting 10% -90% of soc nodes, discharging to the designated nodes, stopping discharging, and shelving the acquired data;
(4-3) selecting experimental data measured at different nodes, calculating the corresponding ohmic internal resistance, polarization resistance and polarization capacitance of the battery at the node by using a least square method, adding the measured ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance to obtain the direct current internal resistance of the battery, and adding and averaging parameters at each soc node to obtain the average value of the polarization capacitance and the average value of the direct current internal resistance of each battery; and summing and averaging the parameters of each battery, calculating the total polarization capacitance average value and the direct current resistance average value of all batteries, sorting the N batteries with the minimum difference between the polarization capacitance average value and the direct current internal resistance average value of a single battery and the polarization capacitance average value and the direct current resistance average value of all batteries, finishing battery sorting, and grouping the sorted batteries.
Further, in the step (4-2), the number and the positions of the soc nodes are changed according to different time length requirements to shorten the measurement time, the sorting precision can be improved by adding one node every time, and the measurement time length of 1h can be increased. In order to ensure the sorting rapidity, a node with the SOC of 50% is selected, the discharging is stopped when the discharging time of the battery reaches 30 minutes, the battery is left for 1 hour, the battery is discharged for 10s at the maximum discharging rate, stands for 40s, then is charged for 10s at the current which is 0.75 times of the maximum discharging rate, and then is continuously discharged until the voltage reaches the lower limit of the battery. Or, in order to improve the sorting accuracy, three nodes with SOC of 70%, 50% and 30% are selected, the discharging is stopped when the discharging time reaches 18 minutes, the three nodes are left for 1 hour, a group of charging and discharging pulses are applied, the discharging is continued for 12 minutes, the discharging is continued for 1 hour, the discharging is performed for another 12 minutes, the other nodes are left for 1 hour, a group of charging and discharging pulses are applied, and finally.
Further, for the slow sorting mode, if the required time t is longer than 16h, performing EIS test on the battery, discharging the fully charged battery for 30 minutes by using 1c current to enable the soc of the battery to reach 50%, performing EIS test on the battery by using a small voltage signal of 5mv at the point, setting the frequency to be 1Hz-1kHz, and processing the data obtained in the experimental process to obtain the parameters of the charge transfer resistance of the battery; and calculating the average value of the charge transfer resistances of all the batteries, sorting the N batteries closest to the average value, and sorting the single batteries into groups.
Before testing, an aging experiment is carried out on a new battery with the battery type, the battery characteristics of each stage are recorded, and a battery model is established, so that the health state of the battery in the echelon is quickly judged.
The invention greatly improves the sorting capacity of the power battery in the echelon utilization and reduces the sorting cost in the echelon utilization.
The invention is further illustrated below with reference to specific examples:
examples
The invention aims at different requirements and carries out gradient utilization and separation on the waste batteries eliminated by the electric automobile at different speeds and accuracies. When a group of echelon batteries are sorted, the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, firstly, calculating the time length requirement required by a single battery, and calculating the time length requirement by a calculation formula
And (6) performing calculation. Wherein T is the total sorting duration requirement, N is the total number of batteries to be sorted, N is the number of channels of the battery detection equipment, and T is the time required by sorting each battery.
And 2, rapidly sorting the batteries by calculation if the time t is between 1 and 3 hours, selecting the batteries without obvious shell damage, battery bulge, bag expansion and liquid leakage, and selecting the batteries with complete shapes. And measuring the voltage value of the selected battery, and eliminating the battery with the voltage value falling to the standard lowest voltage of the battery. The SOC of the battery is judged and sorted through battery data obtained by researching the original battery of the model and a battery model established, the battery with lower electric quantity is charged to enable the SOC to reach 50% -80%, the battery is kept stand for 15 minutes, a 2c charging pulse is applied to the battery for 10 seconds, and a 2c discharging pulse is applied to the battery for 10 seconds after the battery is kept stand for 30 seconds. The internal resistance of the single battery is calculated and set as R, and the SOH of the battery at the moment is calculated through the following formula.
And (4) eliminating the batteries with the SOH lower than 20%, sorting out the batteries which can be used for secondary utilization, and finishing the sorting.
And 3, if the time t is within 3-9h through calculation, after the second step is completed, charging the selected battery in a constant-current and constant-voltage mode until the charging current is reduced to 0.02 c. And selecting current with proper time duration among 1c, 0.5c and 1/3c to perform constant current discharge experiment on the fully charged battery, so that the charge-discharge time duration does not exceed the residual measurement time duration. After the discharging is finished, the battery capacity is calculated through a current integration method, the discharging current in the discharging process is accumulated and converted to obtain the battery capacity of each battery, the obtained battery capacities are sequentially sorted from large to small, the battery closest to the required battery capacity is found, the N batteries with the peripheral capacity closest to the required battery capacity are sorted by taking the battery as the center, and the sorting is finished.
And 4, if the time t is 9-16h through calculation, after the second step and the third step are completed, performing a battery performance test on the sorted batteries. Under the condition, the number of the batteries selected in the step three is 2N, firstly, the SOC node number of the batteries is planned and selected, the measurement time of the batteries is ensured not to exceed the residual time, the proper SOC node number and the node position are selected, and the selected batteries are charged in a constant-current and constant-voltage mode until the charging current is reduced to 0.02 c. And (3) performing constant current discharge on the battery by using the current of 1c, selecting a representative SOC node, stopping discharging, standing for 1 hour, collecting data, continuing discharging to the next SOC node, standing for 1 hour, continuing discharging, and finally discharging until the voltage reaches the lower limit of the battery. And calculating the corresponding ohmic internal resistance, polarization resistance and polarization capacitance at the node of the battery by using a least square method, adding the measured ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance to obtain the direct current internal resistance of the battery, and adding and averaging the parameters at each SOC node to obtain the average value of the polarization capacitance and the average value of the direct current internal resistance of each battery. And summing and averaging the parameters of each battery, calculating the average value of the polarization capacitance and the average value of the direct current resistance of all batteries, and sorting the N batteries with the minimum difference between the polarization capacitance and the direct current internal resistance and the average value of the polarization capacitance and the direct current resistance of all batteries to finish battery sorting.
And 5, if the required time is longer than 16 hours, in order to improve the precision, after the steps 1 to 4 are completed, performing EIS test on the battery, discharging the fully charged battery for 30 minutes by using 1c current to ensure that the SOC of the battery reaches 50%, performing EIS test on the battery by using a small voltage signal of 5mv at the point, setting the frequency to be 1Hz-1kHz, and calculating and processing data obtained in the experimental process to obtain the charge transfer resistance of the battery. The average value of the charge transfer resistances of all the batteries is calculated in the same way as the parameter processing method, the N batteries closest to the average value are sorted out, and the single batteries are sorted into groups.
Claims (9)
1. A speed-adjustable type gradient utilization power battery sorting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
determining the sorting required time length of each battery, and formulating three sorting modes of high speed, medium speed and low speed according to the sorting required time length;
for the batteries formulated into a rapid sorting mode, performing preliminary evaluation and detection on the batteries used in the echelon, and screening out the batteries which can be used in the echelon;
for the batteries formulated in the medium-speed sorting mode, after the batteries are subjected to preliminary evaluation detection to sort out batteries meeting the requirements, carrying out capacity test on the batteries, and sorting the batteries according to the measured capacity;
for the batteries which are made into a slow sorting mode, after the batteries are subjected to preliminary evaluation detection and capacity test to sort out batteries which meet the requirements, the sorted batteries are subjected to battery parameter measurement by a method which meets the time requirements of the batteries, and then are sorted.
2. The method for sorting power batteries by using a speed-adjustable echelon as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sorting requirement duration of each battery is calculated by using the following formula:
wherein T is the sorting total duration requirement, N is the total number of the batteries needing to be sorted, N is the number of channels of the equipment for detecting the batteries, and T is the sorting requirement duration of each battery.
3. The method for sorting the power battery by using the adjustable speed echelon according to claim 2, wherein when t is more than or equal to 1h and less than 3h, the sorting strategy is determined to be a quick sorting mode; when t is more than or equal to 3h and less than 9h, determining that the sorting strategy is a medium-speed sorting mode; and when t is more than or equal to 9h, determining that the sorting strategy is a slow sorting mode.
4. The method for sorting the power batteries by utilizing the adjustable speed echelon according to claim 1, is characterized in that the quick sorting mode is as follows:
(2-1) measuring the voltage value of the battery, and eliminating the battery with the voltage value falling to the lowest standard voltage of the battery;
(2-2) judging and sorting the SOC of the battery through battery data obtained by researching the original battery of the model and a built battery model, charging the battery with the electric quantity lower than 50% to ensure that the SOC reaches 50% -80%, standing for 15 minutes, applying a 2c charging pulse to the battery for 10 seconds, and applying a 2c discharging pulse for 10 seconds after standing for 30 seconds;
(2-3) calculating the internal resistance of the single battery, setting the internal resistance as R, and calculating the SOH of the battery at the moment through the following formula:
wherein R isEOLInternal resistance when the battery is scrapped, RNEWThe internal resistance of the new battery is obtained; and eliminating the batteries with the SOH lower than 20%, and sorting out the batteries which can be used for secondary utilization.
5. The speed-adjustable type gradient power battery sorting method according to claim 1, wherein the medium-speed sorting method is specifically as follows:
(3-1) charging the batteries selected in the rapid sorting mode in a constant-current and constant-voltage mode until the charging current is reduced to 0.02 c;
(3-2) performing a constant current discharge experiment on the fully charged battery;
(3-3) calculating the battery capacity by a current integration method to obtain the battery capacity of each battery, and sorting the batteries; arranging the detection batteries in the order of the capacities from large to small, and sorting the N batteries with the minimum capacity difference from the required capacity to finish sorting when the sorting mode is a medium-speed sorting mode; and when the sorting mode is slow sorting, sorting the 2N batteries with the minimum difference with the required capacity to finish sorting.
6. The method for sorting power batteries by using the adjustable-speed echelon according to claim 1, wherein the slow sorting mode specifically comprises the following steps:
(4-1) charging the batteries selected by the medium-speed sorting mode in a constant-current and constant-voltage mode until the charging current is reduced to 0.02 c;
(4-2) discharging the battery at a constant current by using the current of 1c, selecting 10-90% of SOC nodes, discharging to the designated node, stopping discharging, and shelving the acquired data;
(4-3) selecting experimental data measured at different nodes, calculating the corresponding ohmic internal resistance, polarization resistance and polarization capacitance of the battery at the node by using a least square method, adding the measured ohmic internal resistance and the polarization internal resistance to obtain the direct current internal resistance of the battery, and adding and averaging parameters at each SOC node to obtain the average value of the polarization capacitance and the average value of the direct current internal resistance of each battery; and summing and averaging the parameters of each battery, calculating the total polarization capacitance average value and the direct current resistance average value of all batteries, sorting the N batteries with the minimum difference between the polarization capacitance average value and the direct current internal resistance average value of a single battery and the polarization capacitance average value and the direct current resistance average value of all batteries, finishing battery sorting, and grouping the sorted batteries.
7. The method for sorting the power battery by using the adjustable speed echelon as recited in claim 6, wherein in the step (4-2), a node with the SOC of 50% is selected, the discharging is stopped when the discharging time of the battery reaches 30 minutes, the battery is left for 1 hour, the battery is discharged for 10s at the maximum discharging rate, the battery is left for 40s, then the battery is charged for 10s at the current which is 0.75 times of the maximum discharging rate, and then the discharging is continued until the voltage reaches the lower limit of the battery.
8. The method for sorting the power battery by using the adjustable speed echelon as recited in claim 6, wherein in the step (4-2), three nodes with SOC of 70%, 50% and 30% are selected, the discharging is stopped when the discharging time reaches 18 minutes, the discharging is stopped after the rest for 1 hour, a group of charging and discharging pulses are applied, the discharging is continued for 12 minutes, the rest for 1 hour is performed, a group of charging and discharging pulses are applied, the discharging is performed for 12 minutes again, the rest for 1 hour is performed, a group of charging and discharging pulses are applied, and finally the discharging is performed until the voltage reaches the lower limit of the battery.
9. The sorting method of the power battery by using the adjustable-speed echelon according to claim 6, characterized in that for the slow sorting mode, if the required time t is longer than 16h, the battery is subjected to EIS test, the fully charged battery is discharged for 30 minutes by using 1c current, the SOC of the battery reaches 50%, the battery is subjected to EIS test by using a small voltage signal of 5mv at the point, the frequency is set to be 1Hz-1kHz, and data obtained in the experimental process are processed to obtain parameters of the charge transfer resistance of the battery; and calculating the average value of the charge transfer resistances of all the batteries, sorting the N batteries closest to the average value, and sorting the single batteries into groups.
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| CN115113046A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-27 | 河南新太行电源股份有限公司 | Test method for rapidly evaluating maximum discharge rate of battery |
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