CN115108941A - 一种光学发色团化合物及含其的复合材料、薄膜和光电集成器件 - Google Patents
一种光学发色团化合物及含其的复合材料、薄膜和光电集成器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115108941A CN115108941A CN202110307028.XA CN202110307028A CN115108941A CN 115108941 A CN115108941 A CN 115108941A CN 202110307028 A CN202110307028 A CN 202110307028A CN 115108941 A CN115108941 A CN 115108941A
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种光学发色团化合物及含其的复合材料、薄膜和光电集成器件。该光学发色团化合物包括π‑电子给体基团和π‑电子受体基团,π‑电子给体基团由米氏碱或芳香米氏碱类化合物提供,π‑电子受体基团由7,7,8,8‑四氰基对苯二醌二甲烷(TCNQ)或其衍生物提供,两者直接通过碳碳双键连接共轭。本发明的生色团化合物兼具电光性能与热光性能。在1304nm,显示出较强的电光系数(r33),22.1pm/V。在聚合物中添加8wt%生色团化合物,折射率随温度的变化是未添加生色团聚合物折射率变化的2倍以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光学材料技术领域,具体涉及一种光学发色团化合物及含其的复合材料、薄膜和光电集成器件。
背景技术
有机聚合物光波导材料具有较低的介电常数,响应时间短,热损小,材料和波导制作工艺简单,无须高温加热,通过旋涂甩膜、光刻或压印等工艺可制作出复杂的光电集成器件,可大规模生产。然而,相比于无机的半导体硅而言,有机聚合物光波导材料热光系数一般要小数倍,且只具有单一的热光效应用于调制。如何通过合理的分子掺杂手段提升材料的热光系数,提高受热能量转换效率,并开发其电光效应,是发展新型可调制(包括热光调制和电光调制)的光波导聚合物材料的重要发展方向。
发明内容
为解决上述技术问题,本发明的第一个目的在于提供一种光学发色团化合物。
本发明的第二个目的在于提供一种含有上述光学发色团化合物的复合材料。
本发明的第三个目的在于提供一种由上述复合材料制成的薄膜,以及具有该薄膜的光电集成器件。
为了实现以上目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
本发明第一方面提供一种光学发色团化合物,该光学发色团化合物的结构通式如式1所示:
R1=R2 式1;
式1中,R1的结构如式2或式3所示:
式2、式3中的R3选自C1-12的烷基;
R2的结构如式4所示:
式4中的R4为H或卤原子。
该光学发色团化合物的结构通式中,R1为π-电子给体基团,R2为π-电子受体基团。π-电子给体基团由米氏碱类化合物或芳香米氏碱类化合物提供,π-电子受体基团由7,7,8,8-四氰基对苯二醌二甲烷(TCNQ)或其衍生物提供。并且,所述π-电子给体基团直接与所述π-电子受体基团共轭,其连接键为碳碳双键。
本发明中所述米氏碱类化合物为具有以下式5结构的一类化合物,所述芳香米氏碱类化合物为具有以下式6结构的一类化合物:
本发明中所述7,7,8,8-四氰基对苯二醌二甲烷(TCNQ)的结构如下式7所示,其衍生物为具有式8结构的一类化合物:
米氏碱类化合物或芳香米氏碱类化合物为强电子给体,TCNQ为电子受体,给体与受体直接相连,电子可以充分离域。经过理论计算,得到的生色团偶极矩高达17-21Debye。偶极矩和超极化率是影响非线性光学材料的重要因素。通过调节给体与受体的强度,可以改变生色团的推拉性能,进一步影响材料的电光性能。米氏碱类化合物的给体为对称结构,当与受体直接相连时,单键旋转导致结构不对称。当生色团获得能量时,分子内给受体间的电荷转移以及伴随的分子振动和芳环转动会产生热光和电光效应。
根据本发明的光学发色团化合物,优选地,所述R3为C1-6的烷基;进一步优选地,所述R3为乙基或-C6H13。
根据本发明的光学发色团化合物,优选地,所述R4为H或F。
本发明提供的上述光学发色团化合物是一种非线性光学发色团,能够用于制备光学复合材料、光学薄膜或电光器件等。
本发明还提供了三种上述光学发色团化合物的合成路线:
合成路线一:
合成路线二:
合成路线三:
其中,R3和R4如上文中定义;X为卤素,例如实施例中为溴元素。
本发明第二方面提供一种复合材料,其包含上述光学发色团化合物。
该光学发色团化合物与聚合物混合制成复合材料,该复合材料具有非线性系数大和热光效应高等优点,能够制成具有良好光学质量的薄膜。
根据本发明的复合材料,优选地,以所述复合材料的总重量计,所述光学发色团化合物的含量为5%-70%。
根据本发明的复合材料,优选地,该复合材料还包括聚合物。更优选地,所述聚合物包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物和聚碳酸酯中的一种或两种以上的组合。进一步优选地,以所述复合材料的总重量计,所述聚合物的含量为30%-95%。
根据本发明的复合材料,优选地,在1000nm-1600nm的波长范围内,所述复合材料的电光系数r33为10pm/V至100pm/V。本发明的光学发色团化合物是电光系数非常高的D-A型小分子生色团。通过进一步修饰,比如延长共轭长度,引入取代基等,可以进一步改善电光系数。通过极小的电信号,便可以收获较大的折射率改变,从而制备材料,进行有效信息存储与传递。
根据本发明的复合材料,优选地,在90V/μm至110V/μm的极化电场和所述复合材料的玻璃化转变温度下,所述复合材料的折射率的改变值为0.00001至0.01。
折射率是光波导领域的重要参数,根据材料折射率的差异可以对包覆层进行有效筛选。而折射率随电场的变化则反映了材料的信息存储能力。大的折射率变化说明通过小的电场即可对材料进行有效调节。所制备的材料在实际应用中具有低能耗、高效能等优点。
根据本发明的复合材料,优选地,在400nm-1100nm波长范围内,所述复合材料的光吸收系数为10000/cm至100000/cm。
此类材料具备吸收系数高的优点,说明材料对光的利用率高。当采用此类材料制备器件时,有效减少光损失,提高效率。
上述电光系数r33、折射率的改变值均是通过将复合材料做成薄膜然后测试得到的。
本发明第三方面提供一种薄膜,其是由上述复合材料制成的。
本发明还提供了一种光电集成器件,其具有上述薄膜;优选地,所述光电集成器件为电光器件或热光器件。
本发明提供的光学发色团化合物实现了比较大的电光效应和热光效应。
电光器件是一类通过电压来调制激光强度的器件。现在已有的大电光系数和电吸收系数的电光材料也需要比较好的热稳定性和热光效应来实现电光器件的制作、组装和最终应用。相比于无机的半导体硅而言,有机聚合物光波导材料热光系数一般要小数倍,且只具有单一的热光效应用于调制。如何通过合理的分子掺杂手段提升材料的热光系数,提高受热能量转换效率,并开发其电光效应,是发展新型可调制(包括热光调制和电光调制)的光波导聚合物材料的重要发展方向。本发明基于有机电光材料的波导来设计和制作能平衡驱动电压和光吸收损耗的非线性有机电光调制器(即电光器件),具有电光效应和热光效应来实现比较高的调制效果,并能兼备较低光学损耗和高效波导制作的优点。这些高效的有机电光和热光材料提供了高电光带宽和低成本的关键技术,可用于与硅光子、等离子、导电氧化物和介电光子平台的混合集成。因此,兼备高电光系数/热光效应的混合材料方法能实现纳米光子/纳米电子系统的显著节能、带宽增大、小型化和芯片级集成,以充分发挥下一代信息技术的潜力。
附图说明
图1为实施例1的化合物2的1H NMR结果。
图2为实施例1的化合物2的13C NMR结果。
图3为实施例1的化合物4的1H NMR结果。
图4为实施例1的化合物4的13C NMR结果。
图5为实施例1的化合物4的HRMS(ESI)m/z结果。
图6为实施例2的化合物6的1H NMR结果。
图7为实施例2的化合物6的13C NMR结果。
图8为实施例2的化合物7的1H NMR结果。
图9为实施例2的化合物7的13C NMR结果。
图10为实施例2的化合物8的1H NMR结果。
图11为实施例2的化合物8的13C NMR结果。
图12为实施例2的化合物9的1H NMR结果。
图13为实施例2的化合物9的13C NMR结果。
图14为实施例2的化合物9的HRMS(ESI)m/z结果。
图15为实施例3的化合物11的1H NMR结果。
图16为实施例3的化合物11的13C NMR结果。
图17为实施例3的化合物12的1H NMR结果。
图18为实施例3的化合物12的13C NMR结果。
图19为实施例3的化合物13的1H NMR结果。
图20为实施例3的化合物13的13C NMR结果。
图21为实施例3的化合物14的1H NMR结果。
图22为实施例3的化合物14的13C NMR结果。
图23为实施例3的化合物14的HRMS(ESI)m/z结果。
图24为实施例4的化合物16的1H NMR结果。
图25为实施例1的化合物4在溶液中的摩尔消光系数光谱图。
图26为实施例1的化合物4的薄膜吸收系数光谱图。
图27为实施例2的化合物9在溶液中的摩尔消光系数光谱图。
图28为实施例2的化合物9的薄膜吸收系数光谱图。
图29为实施例3的化合物14在溶液中的摩尔消光系数光谱图。
图30为实施例3的化合物14的薄膜吸收系数光谱图。
图31为实施例1的化合物4与聚合物混合制成薄膜在采用波长1304nm时,未极化薄膜,极化薄膜TE、TM波的反射强度测试结果图。
图32为实施例1的化合物4的红外(FTIR)光谱图。
图33为实施例2的化合物9的红外(FTIR)光谱图。
图34为实施例1的化合物4制备的薄膜折射率随温度的变化曲线。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚地说明本发明,下面结合优选实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。本领域技术人员应当理解,下面所具体描述的内容是说明性的而非限制性的,不应以此限制本发明的保护范围。
本发明所有数值指定(例如温度、时间、浓度及重量等,包括其中每一者的范围)通常可是适当以0.1或1.0的增量改变(+)或(-)的近似值。所有数值指定均可理解为前面有术语“约”。
实施例1-3的光学发色团化合物的合成路线如下:
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种光学发色团化合物(化合物4),其结构如下所示:
该光学发色团化合物是通过以下步骤制备的:
步骤i、合成米氏碱(化合物2):
在反应茄瓶中,将化合物1(1g,3.1mmol)加入20mL无水THF,在-78℃中、在N2气氛下缓慢滴加CH3Li(2.5mL,1.6M乙醚溶液),-78℃反应1小时,室温反应5小时,用水淬灭混合物,加入二氯甲烷萃取,水洗三次,用无水Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,留下浅黄色固体(化合物2),无需进一步纯化即可直接用于下一步反应。
该化合物2的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图1所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.40–7.20(m,4H),6.77–6.58(m,4H),5.19(s,2H),3.40(q,J=7.1Hz,8H),1.21(t,J=7.1Hz,12H).
该化合物2的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图2所示:
13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ149.64,147.31,129.46,129.09,111.05,108.07,44.36,12.69.
步骤ii、合成化合物4:
在两口圆底烧瓶中,加入化合物2(0.16g,0.49mmol),TCNQ(化合物3,0.1g,0.49mmol),3mL DMF,紫外灯照射5h。反应结束后,加入水,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,无水Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤,加入硅胶,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用DCM:EA(体积比20:1)过柱,得到红色固体化合物4(0.18g,74%)。
该化合物4的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图3所示:
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.63(d,J=9.1Hz,2H),7.32(d,J=8.4Hz,5H),7.20(d,J=8.3Hz,2H),6.83–6.68(m,4H),3.52(q,J=7.6Hz,8H),1.29(q,J=7.5,5.2Hz,12H).
该化合物4的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图4所示:
13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ162.08,152.90,151.42,135.11,132.14,127.10,125.90,123.46,119.56,117.06,115.75,111.59,44.96,12.71.
该化合物4(C33H34N5 +(M+H)+)的HRMS(ESI)m/z计算值为500.28087,实测值为500.28043。具体结果如图5所示。
该化合物4的HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital,最高占有分子轨道)=-5.01eV,LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital,最低占有分子轨道)=-3.25eV。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种光学发色团化合物(化合物9),其结构如下所示:
该光学发色团化合物是通过以下步骤制备的:
步骤ⅲ、合成化合物6:
在反应瓶中,加入化合物5(2g,21.5mmol),溴己烷(9g,53.7mmol),K2CO3(8.9g,64.4mmol),KI(713.2mg,4.3mmol),并加入20mL乙腈,回流2天,反应结束后,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,柱色谱纯化得到化合物6。
该化合物6的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图6所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.40(dd,J=8.8,7.1Hz,2H),6.84(t,3H),3.52-3.35(m,4H),1.79(m,4H),1.54(m,12H),1.12(t,J=6.6Hz,6H).
该化合物6的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图7所示:
13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ148.31,129.35,115.26,111.83,51.25,32.00,27.42,27.10,22.95,14.27.
步骤ⅳ、合成化合物7:
在烧瓶中,加入化合物6(4.6g,17.7mmol),DMF 20mL,冰浴,N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS,3.1g,17.7mmol)溶于DMF加入烧瓶,避光反应2天,加入水,用正己烷萃取三次,水洗三次,无水Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤,加入硅胶,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用正己烷:二氯甲烷(体积比5:1)过柱,得到油状产品化合物7(5.2g,86%)。
该化合物7的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图8所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.36-7.12(m,2H),6.65-6.30(m,2H),3.42-3.12(m,4H),1.75-1.50(m,4H),1.34(m,12H),0.93(m,6H)
该化合物7的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图9所示:
13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ147.20,131.89,113.41,106.87,51.27,31.93,27.24,27.00,22.91,14.26.
步骤ⅴ、合成化合物8:
在茄形瓶中,加入化合物7(1g,2.94mmol),THF 20mL,置于-78℃环境中,缓慢滴加叔丁基锂(4.5mL,1.3M),-78℃反应1小时,加入乙酸乙酯(129.4mg,1.47mmol),低温反应0.5小时,室温反应1小时。加入水淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,无水Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤,加入硅胶,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用正己烷:二氯甲烷(体积比3:1)过柱得到化合物8(739mg,92%)。
该化合物8的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图10所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.31(d,J=6.7Hz,4H),6.74-6.52(m,4H),5.20(s,2H),3.54-3.15(m,8H),1.66(m,8H),1.38(m,24H),1.02-0.90(m,12H).
该化合物8的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图11所示:
13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ149.66,147.69,129.40,128.84,110.94,107.88,51.13,31.81,27.32,26.93,22.78,14.14.
步骤ⅵ、合成化合物9:
在两口圆底烧瓶中,加入化合物8(0.35g,0.64mmol),TCNQ(化合物3,0.1g,0.49mmol),3mL DMF,紫外灯照射反应过夜。反应结束后,加入水,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,无水Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤,加入硅胶,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用DCM:EA(体积比20:1)过柱得到化合物9(0.25g,70.5%)。
该化合物9的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图12所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.63(d,J=9.1Hz,2H),7.37-7.29(m,5H),7.22(d,J=9.2Hz,2H),6.70(d,J=8.8Hz,4H),3.48–3.30(m,8H),1.68(m,8H),1.46-1.29(m,24H),1.03-0.86(m,12H).
该化合物9的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图13所示:
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ161.92,152.91,151.76,135.00,132.13,127.04,125.90,123.47,119.53,117.05,115.74,111.67,51.37,31.64,27.34,26.77,22.68,14.06.
该化合物9(C49H66N5 +(M+H)+)的HRMS(ESI)m/z计算值为724.53127,实测值为724.53070。具体结果如图14所示。
该化合物9的HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital,最高占有分子轨道)=-5.28eV,LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital,最低占有分子轨道)=-3.49eV。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种光学发色团化合物(化合物14),其结构如下所示:
该光学发色团化合物是通过以下步骤制备的:
步骤ⅶ、合成化合物11:
在反应瓶中,加入化合物10(2g,15.0mmol),溴己烷(3.7g,22.5mmol),K2CO3(4.2g,30mmol),KI(166mg,3mmol),并加入20mL乙腈,回流,反应过夜,反应结束后,过滤,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,柱色谱纯化得到化合物11(2.1g,63%)。
该化合物11的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图15所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.07(m,1H),6.96(m,1H),6.57(m,2H),3.38-3.18(m,4H),2.78(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.07-1.87(m,2H),1.66-1.55(m,2H),1.36(m,6H),1.02-0.87(m,3H).
该化合物11的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图16所示:
13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ145.55,129.35,127.29,122.28,115.43,110.66,51.76,49.69,32.08,28.50,27.24,26.42,23.00,22.55,14.36.
步骤ⅷ、合成化合物12:
在烧瓶中,加入化合物11(2.1g,9.7mmol),DMF 20ml,冰浴,NBS(1.7g,9.7mmol)溶于DMF加入烧瓶,避光反应2天,加入水,用正己烷萃取三次,水洗三次,无水Na2SO4干燥,过滤,加入硅胶,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用正己烷:二氯甲烷过柱,得到油状产品化合物12(1.5g,54%)。
该化合物12的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图17所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.12(dd,J=8.8,2.5Hz,1H),7.04(d,1H),6.43(d,J=8.8Hz,1H),3.38-3.12(m,4H),2.73(t,J=6.4Hz,2H),2.06-1.86(m,2H),1.65-1.54(m,2H),1.34(m,6H),0.92(m,3H).
该化合物12的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图18所示:
13C NMR(75MHz,CDCl3)δ144.33,131.43,129.58,124.30,111.99,106.59,51.54,49.32,31.81,28.12,26.95,25.96,22.76,22.00,14.15.
步骤ⅸ、合成化合物13:
在茄形瓶中,加入化合物12(1.5g,5.2mmol),THF 15ml,置于-78℃环境中,缓慢滴加叔丁基锂(8mL,1.3M戊烷溶液),-78℃反应1小时,加入乙酸乙酯(227.3mg,2.6mmol),低温反应0.5小时,室温反应1小时。加入水淬灭反应,二氯甲烷萃取,无水Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤,加入硅胶,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用正己烷:二氯甲烷(体积比5:1)过柱得到化合物13(626mg,53%)。
该化合物13的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图19所示:
1H NMR(400MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.10(dd,J=8.5,2.2Hz,2H),7.02(s,2H),6.52(d,J=8.5Hz,2H),5.12(s,2H),3.28(m,8H),2.75(t,J=6.4Hz,4H),1.97(m,4H),1.61(m,4H),1.34(m,12H),0.91(m,6H).
该化合物13的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图20所示:
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ149.91,144.96,129.21,129.04,127.36,121.40,109.80,107.80,51.63,49.56,31.84,28.26,27.02,26.34,22.78,22.37,14.16.
步骤ⅹ、合成化合物14:
在两口圆底烧瓶中,加入化合物13(0.21g,0.44mmol),TCNQ(化合物3,89mg,0.44mmol),3mL DMF,紫外灯照射反应5小时。反应结束后,加入水,用二氯甲烷萃取三次,无水Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤,加入硅胶,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用DCM:EA(体积比20:1)过柱得到化合物14(0.13g,46%)。
该化合物14的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图21所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,Chloroform-d)δ7.75-7.52(m,2H),7.31(s,1H),7.23-7.13(m,4H),7.07(s,2H),6.63(d,J=8.8Hz,2H),3.55-3.44(m,4H),3.40(t,J=7.7Hz,4H),2.79(t,J=6.1Hz,4H),2.01(dd,J=8.3,3.7Hz,4H),1.69(m,4H),1.49-1.28(m,12H),1.01-0.85(m,6H).
该化合物14的13C NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图22所示:
13C NMR(101MHz,CDCl3)δ162.63,152.50,150.17,134.52,134.10,130.36,127.22,126.47,122.77,122.64,120.93,118.23,115.76,110.65,51.87,50.17,31.63,27.97,26.80,26.63,22.66,21.51,14.07.
该化合物14(C43H50N5 +(M+H)+)的HRMS(ESI)m/z计算值为636.40607,实测值为636.40594。具体结果如图23所示。
该化合物14的HOMO(Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital,最高占有分子轨道)=-4.91eV,LUMO(Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital,最低占有分子轨道)=-3.18eV。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种光学发色团化合物(化合物15),其结构如下所示:
该光学发色团化合物是通过以下步骤制备的:
在两口圆底烧瓶中,加入化合物2(97mg,0.3mmol),4F-TCNQ(化合物15,0.1g,0.36mmol),3mL DMF,紫外灯照射5h。反应结束后,加入乙醚,去离子水洗4次,无水Na2SO4干燥有机层,过滤,加入硅胶,通过旋转蒸发除去溶剂,用正己烷:乙酸乙酯(体积比4:1)过柱,得到深色固体化合物16(18mg,10%)。
步骤ⅷ、合成化合物16:
该化合物16的1H NMR检测结果如下,具体谱图如图24所示:
1H NMR(300MHz,DMSO-d6)δ8.15(d,J=28.5Hz,1H),7.53(dd,J=27.6,9.1Hz,4H),7.08(dd,J=43.0,9.2Hz,4H),3.71(d,J=7.6Hz,8H),1.23(q,J=6.9Hz,12H).
测试例1
对实施例1的化合物4(命名为M1-TCNQ)、实施例2的化合物9(命名为M2-TCNQ),实施例3的化合物14(命名为THQ-TCNQ)进行吸收光谱测试,采用红外可见吸收光谱测试,将实施例1、2、3的化合物配置稀释为浓度1×10-5M的溶液,溶剂分别为二恶烷(1,4-dioxane)、氯仿(chloroform)、二氯甲烷(dichloromethane)、丙酮(acetone)、乙腈(acetonitrile)、甲醇(methanol)、二甲基亚砜(DMSO);室温条件下使用1cm的石英比色皿进行测试。其中该材料的消光系数(ε)利用公式:A=εcb来计算,A为最大吸收峰的吸光度;c为材料的物质的量浓度;b为使用比色皿的厚度。图25、图27、图29为消光系数(Exctinction Coefficient)结果图。将化合物溶于氯仿中,旋涂在玻璃上形成薄膜。通过台阶仪测试薄膜的厚度,通过测定最大吸收峰的吸光度计算吸收系数。吸收系数根据公式:A=lgT=Kbc计算,A为最大吸收峰的吸光度,T为透光率,K为吸收系数,b为厚度,c为浓度。图26、图28、图30为化合物薄膜的归一吸收系数结果图。由图25、图27、图29可以看出,该材料显示出了强烈的近红外吸收和溶剂变色结果(Strong vis-NIR Absorption and Solvatochromism)。由图26、图28、图30可以看出,与溶液中吸收相比,薄膜最大吸收波长红移约100nm。此外,通过测定薄膜吸收,根据公式Eg=1240/λonset计算光学吸收带隙,其中,λonset为薄膜起始吸收波长。
测试例2
对实施例1的化合物4(M1-TCNQ)进行棱镜耦合波导折射率测试,其中,入射波长为1304nm。
测试方法参考文献Wang,W.;Wu,J.;Chen,K.;Huang,Q.;Luo,J.;Chiang,K.S.,Graphene electrodes for electric poling of electro-optic polymer films.OpticsLetters,2020,45,2383-2386.Kuzyk,M.G.and C.W.Dirk,Characterization Techniquesand Tabulations for Organic Nonlinear Optical Materials.1998:Marcel Dekker.
生色团化合物与聚合物甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物按照一定比例(生色团化合物占比8wt%)混合,加入二溴甲烷充分溶解混合均匀,旋涂在ITO玻璃上。真空干燥后进行测试。利用台阶仪测试薄膜厚度。镀金做为正极,ITO作为负极,施加电场(100V/μm)。提高温度,当升至玻璃化温度范围100-105℃后,漏电流显著增加,表明极化成功,降温冷却。测试结果如图31和表1所示。图31为1304nm激光波长下,TE、TM波分别在未极化膜、极化膜的棱镜耦合波导反射率测试反射强度测试结果图,所使用的棱镜耦合为商用的棱镜耦合测试仪,型号为Model 2010/M,生产厂商是美国Metricon公司。由图31可以看出:极化之后分子排列发生改变,TE与TM模式分别产生较大移动。
表1化合物4极化膜在1304nm处棱镜耦合波导折射率的测试结果
通过折射率的变化,根据公式计算电光系数,其中r33为电光系数,nTM为TM折射率的变化,E为施加电场。折射率发生变化,表明该化合物可以通过施加电场,对光信号进行调节。折射率的变化越大,电光系数越高。在1000-1600nm的波长范围内,该复合材料的电光系数r33为10pm/V至100pm/V,为D-A小分子较高的化合物。
测试例3
对实施例1的化合物4(M1-TCNQ)、实施例2的化合物9(M2-TCNQ)进行红外实验测试。
测试结果如图32、图33所示。由图32、图33可以看出:在约2200cm-1下存在C≡N特征吸收峰。通过红外光谱实验,在1000-1700cm-1间存在多组吸收峰。化合物含共轭多烯以及芳香类基团。分子间存在较大CH弯曲振动、骨架振动等。表明当化合物获得能量后,分子激发态与基态存在较大差异,影响分子偶极矩,进一步影响电光与热光性能。
测试例4
对实施例1的化合物4(M1-TCNQ)进行热光实验测试。
测试结果如图34所示。生色团化合物4(M1-TCNQ)与聚合物(甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物PMMA-co-PS)按照一定比例(生色团化合物占比8wt%-16wt%)混合,加入二溴甲烷或三氯乙烷充分溶解混合均匀,旋涂在玻璃上。真空干燥后通过棱镜耦合进行折射率测试。通过陶瓷加热片控制薄膜的温度。
测试结果如图34所示。其中,图34为折射率随温度改变曲线。由图34可以看出:未添加生色团化合物的聚合物PMMA-co-PS,温度由室温升至75℃,折射率变化为0.003。添加8wt%化合物4(M1-TCNQ),折射率随温度变化是未添加生色团聚合物的两倍以上。说明生色团化合物受温度影响显著,可以通过调节温度调节折射率的变化,预期会应用到热光领域。
显然,本发明的上述实施例仅仅是为清楚地说明本发明所作的举例,而并非是对本发明的实施方式的限定,对于所属领域的普通技术人员来说,在上述说明的基础上还可以做出其它不同形式的变化或变动,这里无法对所有的实施方式予以穷举,凡是属于本发明的技术方案所引伸出的显而易见的变化或变动仍处于本发明的保护范围之列。
Claims (13)
2.根据权利要求1所述的光学发色团化合物,其中,所述R3选自C1-6的烷基;
优选地,所述R3为乙基或-C6H13。
3.根据权利要求1所述的光学发色团化合物,其中,所述R4为H或F。
5.一种复合材料,其包含权利要求1-4任一项所述的光学发色团化合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合材料,其中,以所述复合材料的总重量计,所述光学发色团化合物的含量为5%-70%。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的复合材料,其中,该复合材料还包括聚合物;
优选地,所述聚合物包括聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯-苯乙烯共聚物和聚碳酸酯中的一种或两种以上的组合;
优选地,以所述复合材料的总重量计,所述聚合物的含量为30%-95%。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合材料,其中,在1000nm-1600nm的波长范围内,所述复合材料的电光系数r33为10pm/V至100pm/V。
9.根据权利要求7所述的复合材料,其中,在90V/μm至110V/μm的极化电场和所述复合材料的玻璃化转变温度下,所述复合材料的折射率的改变值为0.00001至0.01。
10.根据权利要求7所述的复合材料,其中,在400nm-1100nm波长范围内,所述复合材料的光吸收系数为10000/cm至100000/cm。
11.一种薄膜,其是由权利要求5-10任一项所述的复合材料制成的。
12.一种光电集成器件,其具有权利要求11所述的薄膜。
13.根据权利要求12所述的光电集成器件,其中,所述光电集成器件为电光器件或热光器件。
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