CN115094049B - 耐高温中性植酸酶突变体 - Google Patents
耐高温中性植酸酶突变体 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及基因工程与蛋白质改造技术领域,具体涉及一种耐高温中性植酸酶突变体及其应用。本发明以野生型植酸酶AN为基础,提供了分别包含K121M、S181T和M241F单点突变的植酸酶突变体,其在80℃条件下处理5min后,酶活残留率比野生型提高了26.1%‑240.5%。从而说明,本发明提供的突变位点K121M、S181T、M241F能显著提高植酸酶的耐热性,有利于促进其在水产饲料领域的广泛应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及基因工程和蛋白质工程技术领域,具体涉及一种耐高温中性植酸酶突变体及其应用。
背景技术
随着全球水产养殖业的快速发展,鱼粉等优质动物蛋白资源的紧缺已成为制约水产养殖业发展的重要因素。开发新的饲料资源,提高现有饲料资源的利用率,是饲料行业所面临的重大问题。近年来,许多动植物蛋白源被开发出来用以降低或取代鱼粉的使用量,比如豆粕、菜粕、棉粕、肉骨粉、血粉等,其中植物蛋白源因其资源量大,价格低而广泛应用于水产饲料中。然而与鱼粉相比,这些植物蛋白源通常具有一种或多种方面的不足,如氨基酸组成不平衡,存在抗营养因子(植酸、非淀粉多糖等)、适口性较差、消化率较低等,限制了植物蛋白源在水产饲料中的大量使用。为提高植物蛋白源的利用率,一些营养策略与技术已被开发并应用于饲料工业中。利用发酵工程和基因工程等生物技术手段开发出的酶制剂,能够提高饲料的利用率,在很大程度上缓解饲料资源紧缺的状况。酶制剂因高效、安全、环保,符合资源节约型社会的要求而受到高度重视。
饲用酶制剂是从微生物、动物、植物中提取的具有酶特性的一类物质,其中微生物来源的酶制剂应用最为广泛。饲用酶制剂的种类很多,按照动物自身能否合成,可分为消化酶和非消化酶。消化酶指动物体内能够合成并分泌到消化道进行消化的酶类,也称内源酶,主要包括淀粉酶、蛋白酶和脂肪酶;非消化酶指动物体自身通常不能合成酶类,也称外源酶,包括植酸酶、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、葡聚糖酶、果胶酶等。按照酶制剂的类型来分,可分为单一酶制剂和复合酶制剂。根据酶的作用底物,可分为蛋白酶、脂肪酶、碳水化合物酶、植酸酶等。
酶制剂应用于饲料中,最大的关注点是其稳定性,包括饲料加工中的温度、水分、压力对酶活性的影响,饲料贮存过程中酶活性的损失,酶进入动物消化道后,能否耐受胃酸的影响(有胃鱼类)而到达小肠的作用部位。开发稳定性的酶制剂一直是酶制剂工业努力的方向。可以采用稳定化技术来提高酶的耐热性,如物理包埋、化学修饰等方法;也可采用基因工程等生物技术手段,开发出稳定的酶制剂,或在极端环境中寻求耐高温微生物,产生耐高温的酶。过去二十多年来,经过多次的蛋白质工程改造,饲用植酸酶耐温性从不耐温提升到到耐受85℃的技术进步;但是还是不能满足水产饲料的制备工艺要求。 因此,开发耐高温(大于90℃)、作用pH中性且高产的植酸酶是开发水产植酸酶市场的关键。我国是水产养殖大国,每年生产水产饲料2000万吨以上,而且每年以10%速度增长。如果以每吨饲料添加2公斤植酸酶计算,其市场潜力为1万吨;以50元/kg价格计算,则潜在市场产值为5亿人民币,市场潜力巨大。
但是,目前水产用植酸酶面临耐温性及耐中性环境差等制约因素。因此,利用基因工程和蛋白质工程方法获得耐高温的商业化中性植酸酶成了亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本发明为解决现有技术问题,提供了一种耐高温中性植酸酶突变体及其应用。所述突变体的耐热性得到显著提高,有利于促进其在饲料领域的广泛应用。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
本发明涉及一种植酸酶突变体,其包含与SEQ ID NO:1具有至少90%同一性的氨基酸序列,且与SEQ ID NO:1相比在选自下组中的至少一个位置上包含氨基酸的取代:121,181,241。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述突变体的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:1相比具有至少91%,92%,93%,94%,95%,96%,97%,98%,或至少99%的同一性。
在一些更具体的实施例中,所述突变体的氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:1相比具有至少99.1%,99.2%,99.3%,99.4%,99.5%,99.6%,99.7%,99.8%,或至少99.9%的同一性。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述突变体包含下组中至少一个氨基酸的取代:K121M,S181T,M241F。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述突变体包含的取代或取代的组合选自下述取代和取代的组合:K121M;S181T;M241F;K121M/S181T;K121M/M241F;S181T/M241F;K121M/S181T/M241F。
在本发明的一些实施例中,所述突变体的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:3或SEQ IDNO:4或SEQ ID NO:5所示。
本发明还涉及编码上述植酸酶突变体的DNA分子。
本发明还涉及包含上述DNA分子的重组表达载体。
本发明还涉及一种宿主细胞,包含上述重组表达载体。
将上述的质粒转入宿主细胞中,重组表达的植酸酶突变体的耐热性得到显著提升。
在本发明的一些实施例中,宿主细胞为毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)。
本发明还提供了上述植酸酶突变体在水产饲料领域中的应用。
本发明以野生型植酸酶AN为基础,提供了包含K121M、S181T和M241F单点突变的植酸酶突变体,其在80℃条件下处理5min后,酶活残留率比野生型提高了126.1%-240.5%。从而说明,本发明提供的突变位点K121M、S181T、M241F能显著提高植酸酶的耐热性。
综上所述,本发明提供的中性植酸酶突变体耐热性得到显著提高,有利于促进其在水产饲料领域中的广泛应用。
具体实施方式
本发明公开了一种植酸酶突变体、其制备方法及应用、编码该植酸酶突变体的DNA分子、载体、宿主细胞,本领域技术人员可以借鉴本文内容,适当改进工艺参数实现。本发明的方法及应用已经通过较佳实施例进行了描述,相关人员明显能在不脱离本发明内容、精神和范围内对本文所述的方法和应用进行改动或适当变更与组合,来实现和应用本发明技术。
本发明用到了遗传工程和分子生物学领域使用的常规技术和方法,例如MOLECΜLAR CLONING:A LABORATORY MANUAL,3nd Ed. (Sambrook, 2001)和CURRENT PROTOCOLSIN MOLECΜLAR BIOLOGY (Ausubel, 2003)中所记载的方法。这些一般性参考文献提供了本领域技术人员已知的定义和方法。但是,本领域的技术人员可以在本发明所记载的技术方案的基础上,采用本领域其它常规的方法、实验方案和试剂,而不限于本发明具体实施例的限定。例如,本发明可选用如下实验材料和试剂:
菌株与载体:大肠杆菌DH5α、毕赤酵母GS115、载体pPIC9k、Amp、G418购自Invitrogen公司。
酶与试剂盒:PCR酶及连接酶购买自Takara公司,限制性内切酶购自Fermentas公司,质粒提取试剂盒及胶纯化回收试剂盒购自Omega公司,GeneMorph II随机诱变试剂盒购自北京博迈斯生物科技有限公司。
培养基配方:
大肠杆菌培养基(LB培养基):0.5%酵母提取物,1%蛋白胨,1%NaCl,pH7.0;
酵母培养基(YPD培养基):1%酵母提取物,2%蛋白胨,2%葡萄糖;
酵母筛选培养基(MD培养基):2%蛋白胨,2%琼脂糖;
BMGY培养基:2%蛋白胨,1%酵母提取物,100 mM磷酸钾缓冲液(pH6.0),1.34% YNB,4×10-5 %生物素,1%甘油;
BMMY培养基:2%蛋白胨,1%酵母提取物,100 mM磷酸钾缓冲液(pH6.0),1.34% YNB,4×10-5 %生物素,0.5%甲醇;
LB-AMP培养基:0.5%酵母提取物,1%蛋白胨,1%NaCl,100μg/mL氨苄青霉素,pH7.0;
LB-AMP平板:0.5%酵母提取物,1%蛋白胨,1%NaCl,1.5%琼脂,100μg/mL氨苄青霉素,pH7.0。
下面结合实施例,进一步阐述本发明。
实施例1 重组质粒的构建
将来源于烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)的植酸酶基因(GeneBankKAF4251155)根据毕赤酵母密码子偏好性进行优化,并在其起始密码子ATG前增加6个碱基GAATTC(EcoR I酶切位点),在其终止密码子TAA后增加GCGGCCGC(Not I酶切位点)。优化后的核苷酸序列由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司合成。将该植酸酶命名AN,其氨基酸序列为SEQID NO:1,编码核苷酸序列为SEQ ID NO:2。
用限制性内切酶EcoR I和Not I(Fermentas)对植酸酶AN基因进行酶切;同时,用限制性内切酶EcoR I和Not I对质粒pPIC9K进行酶切。使用凝胶纯化试剂盒将酶切产物纯化,并用T4 DNA连接酶(Fermentas)将上述两个酶切产物连接。将连接产物转化进DH5α大肠杆菌(Invitrogen),用氨苄青霉素进行选择。为确保准确,对若干克隆进行测序(Invitrogen)。
使用质粒小量制备试剂盒(Omega)从测序结果正确的大肠杆菌克隆中纯化质粒,获得1个重组质粒,将其命名为pPIC9K-AN。
实施例2 耐高温突变体的筛选
为了进一步提高植酸酶AN的耐热性,申请人通过定向进化技术对该酶进行了大量突变的筛选。
设计PCR引物AN-F1、AN-R1:
AN-F1:GGCGAATTCGCTCCATCTTCTGCTGGTTCTAAGTC(下划线为限制性内切酶EcoRI识别位点);
AN-R1:ATAGCGGCCGC TTAGGAGAAACATTCACCCCAG(下划线为限制性内切酶NotI识别位点)。
以AN基因(SEQ ID NO:1)为模板,利用上述引物用GeneMorph II随机突变PCR试剂盒((博迈斯))进行PCR扩增,胶回收PCR产物,EcoRI、NotI进行酶切处理后与经同样酶切后的pET21a载体连接,转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,涂布于LB+Amp平板,37℃倒置培养,待转化子出现后,用牙签逐个挑至96孔板,每个孔中加入150μL含有0.1mM IPTG的LB+Amp培养基,37℃、220rpm培养6 h左右,离心弃上清,菌体用缓冲液重悬,反复冻融破壁,获得含有植酸酶的大肠杆菌细胞裂解液。
分别取出40μL裂解液至两块新的96孔板,将其中一块96孔板于75℃处理5min;然后向两块96孔板中各加入80μL底物,于25℃反应30min后加入80μL终止液(钒酸铵:钼酸铵:硝酸=1:1:2),测定生成的无机磷含量。不同的突变子高温处理后保持的活性不同。
实验结果表明,有些突变对植酸酶AN的耐热性没有影响,有些突变甚至使其耐热性或酶活变得更差了,另外还有些突变虽然能提高AN对温度的耐受性,但突变后其酶学性质发生了显著的变化,这些均不符合要求。最终,申请人得到既能显著提高AN耐热性,又不会影响其原有酶学性质的突变位点:K121M,S181T,M241F。
本发明在野生型AN的基础上,提供了分别包含K121M,S181T,M241F单个突变位点的突变体。其中:
将含K121M单点突变的淀粉酶突变体命名为AN-1,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:3;
将含S181T单点突变的淀粉酶突变体命名为AN-2,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:4;
将含M241F单点突变的淀粉酶突变体命名为AN-3,其氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:5;
实施例3 植酸酶在毕赤酵母中的表达
3.1表达载体的构建
依照毕赤酵母的密码偏爱性分别对植酸酶AN及其突变体的基因序列进行优化,由上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司合成,并且在合成序列5’和3’两端分别加上EcoRI和NotI两个酶切位点。
按照实施例1中所述方法,将合成的植酸酶AN及其突变体的基因序列分别进行EcoRI和NotI双酶切,然后与经同样酶切后的pPIC-9K载体16℃过夜连接,并转化大肠杆菌DH5a,涂布于LB+Amp平板,37℃倒置培养,待转化子出现后,菌落PCR(反应体系:模板挑取的单克隆,rTaqDNA聚合酶 0.5μL,10×Buffer 2.0μL,dNTPs(2.5mM) 2.0μL,5’AOX引物(10mM):0.5μL,3’AOX引物:0.5μL,ddH2O 14.5μL,反应程序:95℃预变性5min,30个循环:94℃ 30sec,55℃ 30sec,72℃ 2min,72℃ 10min)。验证阳性克隆子,经测序验证后获得了正确的重组表达质粒。
3.2毕赤酵母工程菌株的构建
3.2.1酵母感受态制备
将毕赤酵母GS115菌株进行YPD平板活化,30℃培养48 h后接种活化的GS115单克隆于6 mL YPD液体培养基中,30℃、220 rpm,培养约12 h后转接菌液于装有30mL YPD液体培养基的三角瓶中,30℃、220 rpm培养约5h,经紫外分光光度计检测其菌体密度,待其OD600值在1.1–1.3范围后,4℃ 9000 rpm离心2 min分别收集4mL菌体至灭菌EP管中,轻轻弃上清,用灭菌的滤纸吸干残留的上清后用预冷的1 mL灭菌水重悬菌体,4℃、9000 rpm离心2 min,轻轻弃上清,重复用1mL灭菌水洗一遍后,4℃、9000 rpm离心2 min,轻轻弃上清,预冷的1mL山梨醇(1 mol/L)重悬菌体;4℃、9000 rpm离心2 min,轻轻弃上清,预冷的100-150μL山梨醇(1 mol/L)轻柔重悬菌体。
3.2.2转化和筛选
分别将3.1构建得到的重组表达质粒用Sac I进行线性化,线性化片段纯化回收后通过电穿孔法分别转化毕赤酵母GS115,在MD平板上筛选得到毕赤酵母重组菌株,然后在含不同浓度遗传霉素的YPD平板(0.5mg/mL-8mg/mL)上筛选多拷贝的转化子。
将获得的转化子分别转接于BMGY培养基中,30℃、250rpm振荡培养1d;再转入BMMY培养基中,30℃、250rpm振荡培养;每天添加0.5%的甲醇,诱导表达4 d;9000rpm离心10min去除菌体,即得到分别含 植酸酶AN和 植酸酶突变体的发酵上清液。
(1)植酸酶酶活单位的定义
在温度为25℃、pH为6.0的条件下,每分钟从浓度为5.0mmol/L植酸钠中释放1μmol无机磷,即为一个植酸酶活性单位,以U表示。
(2)植酸酶酶活测定方法
取甲、乙两支25mL比色管,各加入1.8mL乙酸缓冲液(pH 6.0)、0.2mL样品反应液,混匀,25℃预热5min。在甲管中加入4mL底物溶液,乙管中加入4mL终止液,混匀,25℃反应30min,反应结束后甲管中加入4mL终止液,乙管中加入4mL底物溶液,混匀。静置10min,分别在415nm波长处测定吸光值。每种样品作3个平行,取吸光值的平均值,通过标准曲线用回归直线方程计算植酸酶活性。
酶活X=F×C/(m×30)。
其中:X——酶活力单位,U/g(mL);
F——试样溶液反应前的总稀释倍数;
C——根据实际样液的吸光值由直线回归方程计算出的酶活性,U;
m——试样质量或体积,g/mL;
30——反应时间。
采用上述方法分别对构建得到的毕赤酵母重组菌株发酵上清液进行植酸酶酶活测定。
(3)测定结果
按照上述方法进行酶活检测,结果显示:上述构建得到的重组表达野生型植酸酶AN及其突变体的毕赤酵母重组菌株发酵上清液的酶活为200-377 U/mL。
实施例4 耐热性分析
用预热10min、pH6.0的0.25M乙酸钠缓冲液将上述获得的表达植酸酶突变体的重组菌株发酵上清液各稀释10倍;然后将稀释后的样品80℃处理5min,结束时取样并冷却至室温;分别测定热处理后样品的植酸酶酶活,以未处理样品的酶活计100%,计算酶活残留率。
酶活残留率(%)=未处理样品的酶活/热处理后样品的酶活×100%。
表1 中性植酸酶突变体在80℃条件下的耐热性分析
植酸酶突变体 | 80℃处理5min后酶活残留率 |
AN | 13.27% |
K121M | 30.00% |
S181T | 51.30% |
M241F | 45.18% |
从表1的结果可知,与野生型植酸酶AN相比,本发明提供的包含K121M、S181T和M241F单点突变的植酸酶突变体在80℃条件下处理5min后,酶活残留率提高了126.1%-240.5%。从而说明,本发明提供的突变位点K121M、S181T、M241F能显著提高植酸酶的耐热性。
综上所述,本发明提供的中性植酸酶突变体耐热性得到显著提高,有利于促进其在水产饲料领域中的广泛应用。
Claims (6)
1.一种植酸酶突变体,其特征在于,所述突变体是氨基酸序列为SEQ ID NO:1的植酸酶的第181位氨基酸由Ser突变为Thr。
2.编码权利要求1所述植酸酶突变体的DNA分子。
3.包含权利要求2所述DNA分子的重组表达质粒。
4.一种宿主细胞,其特征在于,所述的宿主细胞包含权利要求3所述的重组表达质粒。
5.如权利要求4所述的宿主细胞,其特征在于,所述的宿主细胞为毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)或里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)。
6.权利要求1所述植酸酶突变体在水产饲料生产中的应用。
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CN107287176A (zh) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-24 | 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司 | 一种耐高温中性植酸酶Physh-A及其基因和应用 |
CN112626048A (zh) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-09 | 江南大学 | 一种耐热植酸酶突变体及其应用 |
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CN1194305A (zh) * | 1997-03-25 | 1998-09-30 | 弗·哈夫曼-拉罗切有限公司 | 修饰的植酸酶 |
CN107287176A (zh) * | 2016-04-12 | 2017-10-24 | 武汉新华扬生物股份有限公司 | 一种耐高温中性植酸酶Physh-A及其基因和应用 |
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