CN115091827B - 一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115091827B
CN115091827B CN202210741749.6A CN202210741749A CN115091827B CN 115091827 B CN115091827 B CN 115091827B CN 202210741749 A CN202210741749 A CN 202210741749A CN 115091827 B CN115091827 B CN 115091827B
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申绪男
黄洪昌
张伟
赖运子
顾军
楚月
贾石磊
刘磊
王寅
孙强
刘兴江
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Abstract

本发明属于卫星用太阳电池阵技术领域,尤其涉及一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法,所述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构包括聚酰亚胺薄膜和聚酰亚胺编织纤维,所述聚酰亚胺薄膜和聚酰亚胺编织纤维粘接在一起。本发明提供一种针对卷轴式柔性太阳翼,可以实现弯曲半径小于80mm的柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法。

Description

一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于卫星用太阳电池阵技术领域,尤其涉及一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法。
背景技术
现有技术:
卫星在光照期由太阳电池阵发电为整星载荷设备供电的同时为蓄电池组充电,是卫星能够在太空唯一的能量供给来源。太阳电池阵基板作为承载太阳电池片的基础结构,为不同类型的太阳电池片、互联片、汇流条、电子元器件等提供安装位置,其承载了卫星发射和在轨运行阶段的载荷,确保电路及相关元器件不受损伤,对于卫星的在轨正常工作至关重要。
但本申请发明人发现上述现有技术至少存在如下技术问题:
目前常用的太阳电池阵多是基于刚性结构设计,所用基板主要有碳纤维铝蜂窝(如授权公告号CN211880352U所述)、碳布铝蜂窝、碳纤维边框凯夫拉绷弦半刚性基板(如专利授权公告号CN 104300041 B所述)、铝合金、印制电路板(PCB)(如申请公布号CN109714884 A所述)等。采用以上刚性基板结构,太阳翼在星体两侧收拢状态包络大、体积大、重量比功率高,极大浪费了火箭发射仓内的空间资源。卫星技术的快速发展急需提出一种同时具有低的质量比功率和体积比功率的太阳电池阵来适应多星一箭发射、安装方式灵活的需求。其中基于柔性薄膜电池的卷曲式柔性太阳电池阵是下一代卫星用太阳电池阵的发展趋势。
太阳电池阵在空间应用要特别考虑其实际的工作环境。空间环境温度循环范围大,小于1000km的低轨道温度范围一般在-100℃到+110℃。另外,还要考虑太空中存在的电子辐照、高浓度原子氧、单粒子效应等,这要求设计一种能同时耐受以上环境的柔性太阳电池阵用基板。
上述技术问题的难度和意义:
因此,基于这些问题,提供一种针对卷轴式柔性太阳翼,可以实现弯曲半径小于80mm的柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法具有重要的实用价值。
发明内容
本申请目的在于为解决现有技术中技术问题而提供一种针对卷轴式柔性太阳翼,可以实现弯曲半径小于80mm的柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法。
本申请实施例为解决公知技术中存在的技术问题所采取的技术方案是:
一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构,所述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构包括聚酰亚胺薄膜和聚酰亚胺编织纤维,所述聚酰亚胺薄膜和聚酰亚胺编织纤维粘接在一起。
本申请实施例还可以采用以下技术方案:
在上述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构中,进一步的,所述聚酰亚胺编织纤维双面涂刷硅橡胶,一面粘接聚酰亚胺薄膜,另一面喷涂热控涂层,构成聚酰亚胺薄膜-聚酰亚胺纤维-热控涂层的叠层结构。
与热控涂层一面的硅橡胶可以增加卷绕状态的缓冲,另外也可以提高热控涂层的附着力。
在上述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构中,进一步的,所述叠层结构四周边缘正反两侧粘贴铝基编织纤维胶带,所述铝基编织纤维胶带的宽度为15-25mm。
在上述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构中,进一步的,所述聚酰亚胺薄膜厚度为40-50μm,聚酰亚胺编织纤维厚度为50μm-100μm。
在上述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构中,进一步的,所述聚酰亚胺编织纤维采用宽度2.2-2.5mm,长度80-100mm的纤维丝编织而成,网格尺寸为4mm×4mm或者5mm×5mm。
一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构的制备方法,所述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:在聚酰亚胺编织纤维正反两面涂刷硅橡胶后,再与表层聚酰亚胺薄膜进行粘贴;
步骤二:将贴合好的聚酰亚胺膜和聚酰亚胺纤维放置在2mm-3mm厚,平面度优于0.05mm的玻璃板上,固定四周,放入层压机中,在45℃-55℃,3.5kPa-5kPa的压力下保持100分钟-120分钟;
步骤三:取出后室温静置48小时以上。
在上述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构的制备方法中,进一步的,所述步骤三之后设有步骤四:在聚酰亚胺编织纤维背面喷涂热控涂层。
本申请实施例中提供的一个或多个技术方案,至少具有如下有益效果:
1、使用本发明生产的太阳电池阵,具有低的质量比功率和体积比功率的优势,适应多星一箭发射、安装方式灵活的需求,同时可以实现更小的卷绕半径,具有高的收纳比,有效提升火箭仓内的发射资源。
2、本发明的柔性基板,应用柔性砷化镓薄膜太阳电池的太阳电池阵时,质量比功率可达到240W/kg,体积比功率可达到17kW/m3,较采用传统刚性基板的太阳电池阵,均提高了4倍以上。也就是说,传统可以发射1颗卫星的火箭仓可以同时发射4颗卫星,大大提高了火箭发射效率。
3、本发明可以实现弯曲半径小于80mm,同时由于本基板结构包含具有浸硅橡胶重量比大于80%,同时具有较好弹性的聚酰亚胺纤维,其在收拢状态下可以起到缓冲作用,减弱卫星发射阶段,振动所带来的多薄膜太阳电池的机械损伤。同时本发明专利在背面采用涂敷热控黑漆的形式,增加基板的热发射率,降低基板工作状态的使用温度,提升太阳电池阵的可靠性。
4、单层的聚酰亚胺薄膜不具有弹性且抗侧向撕裂性能差,在较大振动条件下容易造成撕裂导致其所承载的电池阵失效,聚酰亚胺纤维具有良好的抗撕裂性,但是其保型效果差,在受横向力状态下,纤维丝会发生剥离、断裂等。而采用本发明设计的结构可以有效的将两者的优点相结合,同时在聚酰亚胺纤维中浸入硅橡胶增加两者粘接力的同时,提高柔性基板的弹性,使得太阳电池阵在卷绕状态下能有更好的缓冲效果。
附图说明
以下将结合附图来对本申请实施例的技术方案作进一步的详细描述,但是应当知道,这些附图仅是为解释目的而设计的,因此不作为本申请范围的限定。此外,除非特别指出,这些附图仅意在概念性地说明此处描述的结构构造,而不必要依比例进行绘制。
图1为柔性基板横截面结构图;
图2为柔性基板俯视图。
图中:1为聚酰亚胺薄膜;2为聚酰亚胺编织纤维;3为热控涂层;4为叠层结构;5为铝基编织纤维胶带。
具体实施方式
为了更好的理解上述技术方案,下面将结合说明书附图以及具体的实施方式对上述技术方案进行详细的说明。
实施例1
本发明的适合卷轴式收拢方式的柔性太阳电池阵基板用于作为柔性薄膜太阳电池的工作载体。
基板结构如图1所示。表层为50μm厚的聚酰亚胺薄膜(PI)1用于实现太阳电池片的绝缘安装,如图1中1所示。
为了加强基板的机械强度,同时为了减小在卫星发射阶段,太阳电池阵收拢状态下承受的力学冲击对柔性薄膜太阳片可能造成的碎裂等影响,在聚酰亚胺薄膜1下面通过双面涂胶贴合的方式粘接一层50μm或者100μm厚的聚酰亚胺编织纤维2,如图1中2所示。聚酰亚胺编织纤维2采用宽度2.2mm到2.5mm,长度80mm到100mm,网格尺寸为4mm×4mm或者5mm×5mm的纤维丝编织而成,在聚酰亚胺编织纤维2正反两面涂刷硅橡胶后,再与表层聚酰亚胺薄膜1进行粘贴,将贴合好的聚酰亚胺膜和聚酰亚胺纤维放置在3mm厚的高温玻璃板上同时用胶带固定四周,放入层压机中,在45℃,5kPa的压力下保持120分钟,取出后室温静置48小时进行按照设计所需尺寸进行边缘修剪。
由于聚酰亚胺薄膜的抗撕裂性能差,为了提升柔性基板在组成太阳电池阵及在轨工作状态的可靠性,对修剪后的叠层结构(图2中4所示)进行边缘粘贴铝基编织纤维胶带进行抗撕裂处理,如图2中5所示.
具体方法为:在叠层结构边缘正反两侧粘贴铝基编织纤维胶带,铝基编织纤维胶带宽度为15mm到25mm。后期与展开机构的机械接口同样也在铝基编织纤维胶带上透过打孔方式实现。最后,在叠层结构背面喷涂热控涂层3来增大叠层结构背面的热发射率,如图1中3所示,热发射率值大于0.86。
具体实施过程:在50μm的PI薄膜下层通过双面涂刷空间用硅橡胶(通常称底片胶)的方式粘贴网格尺寸为4mm×4mm的聚酰亚胺编织纤维,放置在3mm的高温玻璃上固定四周后放入层压机中,在45℃,5kPa的压力下保持120分钟,取出后室温静置48小时进行按照设计所需尺寸进行边缘修剪。然后在边缘区域两侧粘贴15mm的铝基编织纤维胶带5。最后,在叠层结构背面喷涂ERP-2型号的热控涂层3,完成柔性基板制备。
上述本申请实施例中的技术方案,至少具有如下的技术效果或优点:
基于本发明所设计的柔性基板,应用柔性砷化镓薄膜太阳电池的太阳电池阵质量比功率可达到240W/kg,体积比功率可达到17kW/m3,较采用传统刚性基板的太阳电池阵均提高了4倍以上。
综上所述,本发明提供一种针对卷轴式柔性太阳翼,可以实现弯曲半径小于80mm的柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法。
以上实施例对本发明进行了详细说明,但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例,不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明申请范围所作的均等变化与改进等,均应仍归属于本发明的专利涵盖范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构,其特征在于:所述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构包括聚酰亚胺薄膜和聚酰亚胺编织纤维,所述聚酰亚胺薄膜和聚酰亚胺编织纤维粘接在一起,所述聚酰亚胺编织纤维双面涂刷硅橡胶,一面粘接聚酰亚胺薄膜,另一面喷涂热控涂层,构成聚酰亚胺薄膜-聚酰亚胺纤维-热控涂层的叠层结构,所述叠层结构四周边缘正反两侧粘贴铝基编织纤维胶带。
2.根据权利要求1所述的柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构,其特征在于:所述铝基编织纤维胶带的宽度为15-25mm。
3.根据权利要求1所述的柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构,其特征在于:所述聚酰亚胺薄膜厚度为40~50μm,聚酰亚胺编织纤维厚度为50μm~100μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构,其特征在于:所述聚酰亚胺编织纤维采用宽度2.2-2.5mm,长度80-100mm的纤维丝编织而成,网格尺寸为4mm×4mm或者5mm×5mm。
5.一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构的制备方法,其特征在于:所述柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构的制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:在聚酰亚胺编织纤维正反两面涂刷硅橡胶后,再与表层聚酰亚胺薄膜进行粘贴;
步骤二:将贴合好的聚酰亚胺膜和聚酰亚胺纤维放置在2mm~3mm厚,平面度优于0.05mm的玻璃板上,固定四周,放入层压机中,在45℃~55℃,3.5kPa~5kPa的压力下保持100分钟~120分钟;
步骤三:取出后室温静置48小时以上。
6.根据权利要求5所述的柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构的制备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤三之后设有步骤四:在聚酰亚胺编织纤维背面喷涂热控涂层。
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