CN111572152A - 一种航天器用多层绝热组件及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种航天器用多层绝热组件及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN111572152A CN111572152A CN202010393094.9A CN202010393094A CN111572152A CN 111572152 A CN111572152 A CN 111572152A CN 202010393094 A CN202010393094 A CN 202010393094A CN 111572152 A CN111572152 A CN 111572152A
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种航天器用多层绝热组件及其制备方法,包括:双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的外部反射层;聚酰亚胺丝网,其作为多层绝热组件的间隔层;单面镀铝聚酯薄膜,其为内部反射层,并与双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线,其用于固定间隔层与反射层并且对多层绝热组件进行封边处理。该多层绝热组件通过聚酰亚胺纤维的制备、聚酰亚胺丝网的编织、聚酰亚胺丝网的热压、多层绝热组件的组合与堆叠、多层绝热组件的封边处理、以及抽空干燥步骤制备得到,具有较高的编织丝网断裂强度、较低的面密度、层密度可控性、低热导率、高抗辐射性以及防老化效果,可用于航天器运载火箭的外绝热结构。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于绝热材料领域,特别涉及一种聚酰亚胺丝网做间隔材料的多层绝热组件及其制备方法,用于航天器运载火箭的外绝热结构。
背景技术
在深空探测过程中有效利用多层绝热组件,被认为是保证推进剂贮箱防隔热性能最主要的方式。多层绝热组件的加工、安装和使用条件都受限于材料的厚度、幅宽与连接方式。
层密度控制是多层绝热组件制备的关键问题,稳定的层密度是保持多层绝热组件在不同工况条件下可以维持绝热能力的必要因素。通常情况下,通过设计不同厚度的间隔层可以对对层密度进行结构控制,但如何保持层密度在冲击、拉伸等条件下不发生较大阈值的改变,就需要引入新型材料或者改变结构。
在空间环境下,另外一项会影响多层绝热材料绝热能力的问题是高能粒子侵蚀,尤其是原子氧侵蚀。20世纪50年代末van allen根据探索者一号反馈的辐射数据确定了地球近地空间存在的高能辐射带。辐射带内存在大量质子、原子氧以及其他带电粒子,这些粒子的能量高达50MeV,对处于航天器最外层的多层绝热材料来讲,如此高的能量将会极大减少使用寿命,因此迫切需求高耐辐射材料替代传统材料。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中的不足,本发明人进行了锐意研究,提供了一种航天器用多层绝热组件及其制备方法,将传统间隔物替换成高模量纤维丝网。该纤维丝网可以在高速冲击和拉伸条件下保证稳定且层密度不发生大范围阈值变化,该纤维丝网使用耐辐射的聚酰亚胺材料可以保证航天器长时间在轨稳定的热环境。具体地,多层绝热组件采用10~30单元间隔层与反射层相互堆叠的方式组成,每单元包含一层具备六边形平面结构的聚酰亚胺丝网与一层单面镀铝薄膜或双面镀铝薄膜,多层绝热组件厚度不大于1cm。其中,聚酰亚胺丝网按照出丝、编织与热压三个步骤进行制备,单面镀铝薄膜采用单面镀铝聚酯薄膜,双面镀铝薄膜采用双面镀铝的聚酰亚胺薄膜。通过高强度纤维丝成型、组件结构设计等方面,使得该多层绝热组件具有较高丝网断裂强度、较低面密度、层密度可控性、低热导率、高抗辐射性以及防空间环境老化效果,可用于航天器运载火箭的外绝热结构,从而完成本发明。
本发明提供了的技术方案如下:
第一方面,一种航天器用多层绝热组件,该组件包括:
双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的外部反射层,位于多层绝热组件一侧且与另一侧的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;
聚酰亚胺丝网,其作为多层绝热组件的间隔层,使任意两张单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或者双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜与单面镀铝聚酯薄膜之间夹有至少一张聚酰亚胺丝网;
单面镀铝聚酯薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的内部反射层,并作为外部反射层与位于多层绝热组件另一侧的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分,其镀铝面朝向一致且均朝向双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜;
聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线,其用于固定间隔层与反射层并且对多层绝热组件进行封边处理。
第二方面,一种航天器用多层绝热组件的制备方法,用于制备上述第一方面所述的多层绝热组件,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,聚酰亚胺纤维的制备:二酸酐与二胺溶于溶剂中进行混合,制备得到聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,将聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液进行喷丝,在凝固浴中凝固成丝,在清洗浴中清洗,形成洁净的聚酰胺酸纤维进行牵伸和热处理,生成聚酰亚胺纤维;
步骤2,聚酰亚胺丝网的编织:将同等规格的聚酰亚胺纤维用表面固化剂进行上浆固化,利用经编机和基本单元为重经组织的编织工艺或者基本单元为经锻组织的编织工艺,将聚酰亚胺纤维织成具备六边形重复单元的聚酰亚胺丝网;
步骤3,聚酰亚胺丝网的热压:在100℃~120℃下对聚酰亚胺丝网的边缘进行延展处理;其后在120℃~200℃下热压至少一次丝网主体,使其达到目标丝网厚度;
步骤4,多层绝热组件的组合与堆叠:以聚酰亚胺丝网作为间隔层,进行堆叠,使任意两张单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或者双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜与单面镀铝聚酯薄膜之间夹有至少一张聚酰亚胺丝网;双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的外部反射层,位于多层绝热组件一侧且与另一侧的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或双面镀铝聚酯薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或双面镀铝聚酯薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的内部反射层,并作为外部反射层与位于多层绝热组件另一侧的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;当选用单面镀铝聚酯薄膜时,其镀铝面朝向一致且均朝向双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜;
步骤5,多层绝热组件的封边处理:使用聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线沿多层绝热组件所有边缘进行缝线封闭;
步骤6,抽空干燥:将多层绝热组件放于真空干燥箱中实施加温老化处理。
根据本发明提供的一种航天器用多层绝热组件及其制备方法,具有以下有益效果:
(1)通过特定聚酰亚胺纤维和编织工艺制备得到的聚酰亚胺丝网作为间隔层,能够获得高强度低面密度的多层绝热组件。
(2)通过聚酰亚胺丝网的热压成型与多层绝热组件的组合堆叠工艺使多层绝热组件达成稳定可控层密度效果。
(3)通过使用高强纤维丝,使多层绝热组件具有耐冲击、拉伸的效果。
(4)通过采用耐辐射聚酰亚胺材料,使得多层绝热组件的耐辐射性能得到提升。
附图说明
图1示出多层绝热组件结构示意图;
图2示出聚酰亚胺丝网做间隔材料的多层绝热组件的制备方法流程图;
图3示出缝线封边示意图;
图4示出缠绕件封边示意图。
具体实施方式
下面通过对本发明进行详细说明,本发明的特点和优点将随着这些说明而变得更为清楚、明确。
在这里专用的词“示例性”意为“用作例子、实施例或说明性”。这里作为“示例性”所说明的任何实施例不必解释为优于或好于其它实施例。尽管在附图中示出了实施例的各种方面,但是除非特别指出,不必按比例绘制附图。
根据本发明的第一方面,如图1所示,提供了一种航天器用多层绝热组件,该组件包括:
双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的外部反射层,位于多层绝热组件一侧且与另一侧的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;
聚酰亚胺丝网,其作为多层绝热组件的间隔层,使任意两张单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或者双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜与单面镀铝聚酯薄膜之间夹有至少一张聚酰亚胺丝网;
单面镀铝聚酯薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的内部反射层,并作为外部反射层与位于多层绝热组件另一侧的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分,其镀铝面朝向一致且均朝向双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜;
聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线,其用于固定间隔层与反射层并且对多层绝热组件进行封边处理。
在本发明人经过研究表明,双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜有助于增加组件韧性,同时加强表面防护抗空间环境原子氧侵蚀;聚酰亚胺丝网用来代替传统多层绝热组件填碳纸/透气纤维/涤纶丝网,使组件获得更好的抗拉强度与使用温度阈值上限;单面镀铝聚酯薄膜可作为组件芯材形成反射屏;聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线可以提升缝纫连接结构的空间环境稳定性。
同时,单面镀铝聚酯薄膜可以通过双面镀铝聚酯薄膜代替,作为多层绝热组件的内部反射层,并作为外部反射层与位于多层绝热组件另一侧的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分。在本发明中,聚酯薄膜是指聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯薄膜。
本发明中,聚酰亚胺丝网所用聚酰亚胺纤维的旦数为10~1000D,抗拉强度为2.0~4.0GPa,弹性模量为100~200GPa,断裂伸长率≥1.5%。其中,聚酰亚胺纤维的旦数与多层绝热组件的层密度相关,抗拉强度、弹性模量、及断裂伸长率与耐冲击、拉伸相关。在上述范围内,多层绝热组件在获得较高且可控层密度的同时,耐冲击、抗拉伸性能优异。
本发明中,聚酰亚胺丝网具备六边形重复单元,采用基于拉舍尔经编机、基本单元为部分穿经的网眼编织工艺或基本单元为经锻组织的编织工艺编织而成。聚酰亚胺丝网的重复单元为六边形的原因在于:六边形能够减少丝网整体重量,具有平衡多向多维度拉伸的效果。编织工艺的选用的原因在于:在可以使用常规的高速经编机制备的同时,保证编织强度。
在本发明中,单层聚酰亚胺丝网的厚度≤3mm,优选为1~1.5mm;热导率≤0.14W/(m·K),优选为0.12~0.14W/(m·K);聚酰亚胺丝网的表面开孔率>50%,优选为80%~90%;单层聚酰亚胺丝网的面密度≤200g/m2。
在本发明中,聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线的旦数≤500D,优选为10~500D;抗拉强度为2.0~4.0GPa,弹性模量为100~200GPa,断裂伸长率≥1.5%。
根据本发明的第二方面,如图2所示,提供了一种航天器用多层绝热组件的制备方法,用于制备上述第一方面所述的航天器用多层绝热组件,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,聚酰亚胺纤维的制备:二酸酐与二胺溶于溶剂中进行混合,制备得到聚酰胺酸(PAA)纺丝溶液,将PAA纺丝溶液进行喷丝,在凝固浴中凝固成丝,在清洗浴中清洗,形成洁净的PAA纤维进行牵伸和热处理,生成聚酰亚胺纤维;
步骤2,聚酰亚胺丝网的编织:将同等规格的聚酰亚胺纤维用表面固化剂进行上浆固化,利用经编机和基本单元为部分穿经的网眼编织工艺或基本单元为经锻组织的编织工艺,将聚酰亚胺纤维织成具备六边形重复单元的聚酰亚胺丝网;
步骤3,聚酰亚胺丝网的热压:在100℃~120℃下对聚酰亚胺丝网的边缘进行延展处理防止丝网产生卷边性;其后在120~200℃下热压至少一次丝网主体,使其达到目标丝网厚度;
步骤4,多层绝热组件的组合与堆叠:以聚酰亚胺丝网作为间隔层,进行堆叠,使任意两张单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或者双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜与单面镀铝聚酯薄膜之间夹有至少一张聚酰亚胺丝网;双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的外部反射层,位于多层绝热组件一侧且与另一侧的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或双面镀铝聚酯薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或双面镀铝聚酯薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的内部反射层,并作为外部反射层与位于多层绝热组件另一侧的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;当选用单面镀铝聚酯薄膜时,单面镀铝聚酯薄膜的镀铝面朝向一致且均朝向双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜;
步骤5,多层绝热组件的封边处理:使用聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线沿多层绝热组件所有边缘进行缝线封闭。将堆叠好的多层绝热组件每个边缘进行修剪,减掉多余未对齐的边缘冗余。其中,最终成型前的多层绝热组件也可称之为多层绝热预制件。
步骤6,抽空干燥:将多层绝热组件放于真空干燥箱中实施加温老化处理。多层绝热组件在真空干燥箱中循环干燥,直至脱除大部分水蒸气与油脂以及小分子真空挥发分。
在本发明中,步骤1中,二酸酐选自3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐、2,3,3',4'-联苯四甲酸二酐、1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸酐等中任意一种或多种;二胺选自2-(4-氨基苯基)-5-氨基苯并咪唑、对苯二胺、乙二胺、丙二胺中任意一种或多种。
二酸酐与二胺的摩尔比为1:(0.9~1.1)。其目的在于充分反应形成质地均一的树脂前驱体。
溶剂选自二甲基乙酰胺、四氢呋喃、甲醇等的任意一种,满足溶解性与反应活性即可。
在本发明中,步骤1中,牵伸的工艺参数为:拉伸倍数2~4倍。
在本发明中,步骤1中,热处理的参数为:热处理温度≥200℃,优选为300~500℃。
通过步骤1中聚酰亚胺纤维的制备工艺,形成的聚酰亚胺纤维在旦数为10~1000D时,抗拉强度为2.0~4.0GPa,弹性模量为100~200GPa,断裂伸长率≥1.5%。
在本发明中,步骤2中,表面固化剂选自聚异氰酸酯、正硅酸乙酯、聚脲、或乙烯基树脂等中任意一种或多种;通过采用表面固化剂的上浆固化,消除纤维表面的静电与分叉。
编织成的六边形重复单元的边长为1~10mm。
在本发明中,步骤3中,经过热压后,单层聚酰亚胺丝网厚度≤3mm,优选为1~1.5mm;聚酰亚胺丝网结构热导率≤0.14W/(m·K),优选为0.12~0.14W/(m·K)。聚酰亚胺丝网表面开孔率>50%,优选为80%~90%;单层聚酰亚胺丝网的面密度≤200g/m2,如10~20g/m2;自然放置状态边缘无卷边与回弹。本发明人经过大量试验证明,丝网的低面密度是由丝网的经编工艺与采用低D数纤维丝保证的,即相同工艺条件下使用本发明的聚酰亚胺纤维丝网同样可以使得多层绝热组件达到低面密度。
在本发明中,步骤4中,聚酰亚胺丝网经剪裁获得固定尺寸用于堆叠,堆叠时,使用电热夹等将剪裁产生的开线或者脱丝进行高温加热,形成封闭。
在本发明中,步骤5中,聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线的缝线针脚不小于1cm。缝线封闭示意图如图3所示。
步骤5中,还可以预先使用打孔器进行打孔,打孔间距不小于1cm,其后使用缝纫线穿过打后的孔进行缝纫固定。
在本发明中,步骤5中,当多层绝热组件幅长较长时,多层绝热组件可以形成缠绕件,使用丝线将多层绝热组件的短边进行缝线闭合,缝线针脚不小于1cm,或者预先使用打孔器进行打孔,使缝线穿过打后的孔,打孔间距不小于1cm;其后在组件中部沿其长度方向进行缝线,缝线针脚不小于10cm;最后将缠绕件沿长度方向进行收卷存放。此时,缝线封闭示意图如图4所示。
在本发明中,步骤5中,聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线通过步骤1中方案制备得到,即与聚酰亚胺丝网用聚酰亚胺纤维制备方法一致,仅参数存在不同。具体地,聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线的旦数≤500D,优选为10~500D;抗拉强度为2.0~4.0GPa,弹性模量为100~200GPa,断裂伸长率≥1.5%。
在本发明中,步骤6中,真空干燥的温度为50~70℃,压力<0.01MPa。
在本发明中,采用上述制备方法以及上述规格范围的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜、聚酰亚胺丝网、单面镀铝聚酯薄膜/双面镀铝聚酯薄膜、以及聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线,可获得层密度可控的多层绝热组件,如采用100D聚酰亚胺纤维编织聚酰亚胺丝网、200D聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线、13μm厚度单面镀铝聚酯薄膜、25μm厚度双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜制备得到的多层绝热组件层密度为14~16层/cm。
又如,采用100D、200D、1000D聚酰亚胺纤维编织聚酰亚胺丝网、13μm厚度单面镀铝聚酯薄膜、25μm厚度双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜,采用上述制备方法及具有规律的堆叠方式,可以制备得到层密度变化但可控的多层绝热组件。
实施例
实施例1
一种10单元、层密度为15±1层/cm多层绝热组件的制备,包括以下步骤:
聚酰亚胺纤维的成型:混合足量二酸酐(3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐)与二胺(对苯二胺)于二甲基乙酰胺中,形成出丝用的聚酰胺酸溶液,二酸酐与二胺摩尔比为1:1.1。经消泡处理后使用出丝设备凝胶成丝状纤维,在凝固浴中凝固成丝,再在清洗浴中进行清洗,形成洁净的PAA纤维牵伸并且500℃热处理,分别制备规格为100D的聚酰亚胺纤维1若干,以及规格为200D的聚酰亚胺纤维2若干。
规格为100D的聚酰亚胺纤维1:抗拉强度为2.9~3.0GPa,弹性模量为130~160GPa,断裂伸长率1.7%;规格为200D的聚酰亚胺纤维2:抗拉强度为3.0~3.2GPa,130~160GPa,断裂伸长率1.7%。
聚酰亚胺丝网的编织:取用200支聚酰亚胺纤维1,使用表面固化剂对聚酰亚胺纤维1表面进行二次表面处理后装入宽幅经编机。使用经缎编织工艺对纤维进行二维织物编织,每根纤维丝依次成圈,形成边长为1mm六边形重复单元。丝网总长度不小于1000mm,总宽度不小于100mm。将丝网收集成卷,干燥保存。
聚酰亚胺丝网的热压:将成卷丝网装在具有铺展设施的热压机下,将热压机温度调整到120℃对丝网边缘进行热压处理,直至无卷边效果或者卷边宽度小于总宽度的5%。将热压机温度调整到150℃对丝网整体热压2遍,测量丝网厚度,最薄区域不应小于0.5mm。
多层绝热组件的组合与堆叠:将成型的丝网结构按照长度方向进行剪裁,每100mm进行断开,形成100×100mm的平面形状,共10张。将13μm厚度的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜剪裁成100×100mm的平面形状,共10张。在平整无尘的操作平台上平铺一层剪裁好的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜,使镀铝面向上。在其上平铺一层聚酰亚胺丝网并且使边缘对齐,依次堆叠丝网与镀铝薄膜,每两层单面镀铝聚酯薄膜之间平铺一层聚酰亚胺丝网。直至所有丝网与镀铝薄膜均在竖直方向上形成边缘对齐的复合体。使用规格为100×100mm、25μm厚度的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜覆盖在上述复合物上表面并且边缘对齐。
多层绝热组件的封边处理:使用聚酰亚胺纤维2对堆叠物的四个边界进行缝纫固定,缝纫针脚为10mm每针。剪裁边缘所有突出的丝网、纤维丝。形成多层绝热组件。
抽空干燥:将多层绝热组件放置于真空干燥箱中,设定真空度<0.01MPa,温度60℃,减压加热1h,循环5次后取出多层绝热组件放入干燥箱中进行备用。
使用量热器法进行绝热性能测试,测试条件如下:测试环境真空度1.5×10-3Pa,热边界温度291.4K,冷边界温度77K。该绝热组件的绝热性能为:漏热0.44W,比热流2.91W/m2,表观热导率1.02×10-4W/(m·K)。
10单元组件承受初速度6.5~7.0km/s、撞击角度为0°的临界直径为1.0mm的铝丸垂直冲击后,无开散撕裂,结构完整。
利用缠绕件对2.25m直径贮箱进行多层绝热组件的包覆,使其有效承载1.0kg以上张紧力,无破损无开线且没有漏热区域。静力放置20天与动力旋转1h无脱落,缠绕件额外悬挂2kg负载24h,多层绝热组件完整,砝码无掉落。
实施例2
一种30单元变密度多层绝热组件的制备,包括以下步骤:
聚酰亚胺纤维的成型:混合足量二算酐(3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐)与二胺(对苯二胺)于二甲基乙酰胺中,形成出丝用的聚酰胺酸溶液,二酸酐与二胺摩尔比为1:1.1。经消泡处理后使用出丝设备凝胶成丝状纤维,在凝固浴中凝固成丝,再在清洗浴中进行清洗,形成洁净的PAA纤维牵伸并且在500℃热处理,形成规格为100D的聚酰亚胺纤维1若干,规格为200D的聚酰亚胺纤维2若干,规格为1000D的聚酰亚胺纤维3若干。
规格为100D的聚酰亚胺纤维1:抗拉强度为2.9~3.0GPa,弹性模量为130~160GPa,断裂伸长率1.7%;规格为200D的聚酰亚胺纤维2:抗拉强度为3.0~3.2GPa,130~160GPa,断裂伸长率1.7%;规格为1000D的聚酰亚胺纤维3:抗拉强度为3.2~3.4GPa,130~160GPa,断裂伸长率1.7%。
聚酰亚胺丝网的编织:取用200支聚酰亚胺纤维1,使用表面固化剂对聚酰亚胺纤维1表面进行二次表面处理后装入宽幅经编机。使用经缎编织工艺对纤维进行二维织物编织,每根纤维丝依次成圈,形成边长为1.5mm六边型重复单元。丝网总长度不小于1000mm,总宽度不小于100mm。该规格丝网为聚酰亚胺丝网1收集成卷,干燥保存。
取用200支聚酰亚胺纤维2,使用表面固化剂对聚酰亚胺纤维2表面进行二次表面处理后装入宽幅经编机。使用经缎编织工艺对纤维进行二维织物编织,每根纤维丝依次成圈,形成边长为2mm六边型重复单元。丝网总长度不小于1000mm,总宽度不小于100mm。该规格丝网为聚酰亚胺丝网2收集成卷,干燥保存。
取用200支聚酰亚胺纤维3,使用表面固化剂对聚酰亚胺纤维3表面进行二次表面处理后装入宽幅经编机。使用经缎编织工艺对纤维进行二维织物编织,每根纤维丝依次成圈,形成边长为5mm六边型重复单元。丝网总长度不小于1000mm,总宽度不小于100mm。该规格丝网为聚酰亚胺丝网3收集成卷,干燥保存。
聚酰亚胺丝网的热压:将上述步骤成型的丝网装在具有铺展设施的热压机下,将热压机温度调整到120℃对丝网边缘进行热压处理,直至无卷边效果或者卷边宽度小于总宽度的5%。将热压机温度调整到150℃对丝网整体热压2遍并测量丝网厚度,聚酰亚胺丝网1最薄区域不应小于0.5mm、聚酰亚胺丝网2最薄区域不应小于0.8mm、聚酰亚胺丝网3最薄区域不应小于1.5mm。
多层绝热组件的组合与堆叠:将成型的聚酰亚胺丝网1、聚酰亚胺丝网2、聚酰亚胺丝网3按照长度方向进行剪裁,每100mm进行断开,形成100×100mm的平面形状,每种丝网剪裁成10张。将13μm厚度的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜剪裁成100×100mm的平面形状,共30张。
在平整无尘的操作平台上平铺一层剪裁好的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜,使镀铝面向上。在其上平铺一层聚酰亚胺丝网3并且使边缘对齐,依次堆叠聚酰亚胺丝网3与单面镀铝聚酯薄膜,每两层单面镀铝聚酯薄膜之间平铺一层聚酰亚胺丝网3。直至所有聚酰亚胺丝网3与镀铝薄膜均在竖直方向上形成边缘对齐的复合体。依照同样的方法在该复合体上依次继续铺放10组单面镀铝聚酯薄膜与聚酰亚胺丝网2组合体以及10组单面镀铝聚酯薄膜与聚酰亚胺丝网1组合体,形成新的复合体。使用规格为100×100mm、25μm厚度的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜覆盖在上述复合体上表面并对其边缘。
多层绝热组件的封边处理:使用聚酰亚胺纤维2对复合物的四个边界进行缝纫固定,缝纫针脚为10mm每针。剪裁边缘所有突出的丝网、纤维丝。形成多层绝热组件。
抽空干燥:将多层绝热组件放置于真空干燥箱中,设定真空度<0.01MPa,温度60℃,减压加热1h,循环5次后取出多层绝热组件放入干燥箱中进行备用。
以上结合具体实施方式和范例性实例对本发明进行了详细说明,不过这些说明并不能理解为对本发明的限制。本领域技术人员理解,在不偏离本发明精神和范围的情况下,可以对本发明技术方案及其实施方式进行多种等价替换、修饰或改进,这些均落入本发明的范围内。本发明的保护范围以所附权利要求为准。
本发明说明书中未作详细描述的内容属本领域技术人员的公知技术。
Claims (14)
1.一种航天器用多层绝热组件,其特征在于,该组件包括:
双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的外部反射层,位于多层绝热组件一侧且与另一侧的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;
聚酰亚胺丝网,其作为多层绝热组件的间隔层,使任意两张单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或者双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜与单面镀铝聚酯薄膜之间夹有至少一张聚酰亚胺丝网;
单面镀铝聚酯薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的内部反射层,并作为外部反射层与位于多层绝热组件另一侧的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分,其镀铝面朝向一致且均朝向双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜;
聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线,其用于固定间隔层与反射层并且对多层绝热组件进行封边处理。
2.根据权利要求1所述的多层绝热组件,其特征在于,多层绝热组件的内部反射层还可以为双面镀铝聚酯薄膜,和/或双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜与双面镀铝聚酯薄膜构成多层绝热组件的两外部反射层。
3.根据权利要求1所述的多层绝热组件,其特征在于,聚酰亚胺丝网所用聚酰亚胺纤维的旦数为10~1000D,抗拉强度为2.0~4.0GPa,弹性模量为100~200GPa,断裂伸长率≥1.5%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的多层绝热组件,其特征在于,聚酰亚胺丝网具备六边形重复单元,采用基本单元为部分穿经的网眼编织工艺或基本单元为经锻组织的编织工艺编织而成。
5.根据权利要求3所述的多层绝热组件,其特征在于,单层聚酰亚胺丝网的厚度≤3mm,热导率≤0.14W/(m·K);聚酰亚胺丝网的表面开孔率>50%,面密度≤200g/m2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的多层绝热组件,其特征在于,聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线的旦数≤500D,抗拉强度为2.0~4.0GPa,弹性模量为100~200GPa,断裂伸长率≥1.5%。
8.一种航天器用多层绝热组件的制备方法,其特征在于,用于制备上述权利要求1至7之一所述的多层绝热组件,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,聚酰亚胺纤维的制备:二酸酐与二胺溶于溶剂中进行混合,制备得到聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,将聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液进行喷丝,在凝固浴中凝固成丝,在清洗浴中清洗,形成洁净的聚酰胺酸纤维进行牵伸和热处理,生成聚酰亚胺纤维;
步骤2,聚酰亚胺丝网的编织:将同等规格的聚酰亚胺纤维用表面固化剂进行上浆固化,利用经编机和基本单元为部分穿经的网眼编织工艺或基本单元为经锻组织的编织工艺,将聚酰亚胺纤维织成具备六边形重复单元的聚酰亚胺丝网;
步骤3,聚酰亚胺丝网的热压:在100℃~120℃下对聚酰亚胺丝网的边缘进行延展处理;其后在120℃~200℃下热压至少一次丝网主体,使其达到目标丝网厚度;
步骤4,多层绝热组件的组合与堆叠:以聚酰亚胺丝网作为间隔层,进行堆叠,使任意两张单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或者双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜与单面镀铝聚酯薄膜之间夹有至少一张聚酰亚胺丝网;双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的外部反射层,位于多层绝热组件一侧且与另一侧的单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或双面镀铝聚酯薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;单面镀铝聚酯薄膜或双面镀铝聚酯薄膜,其为多层绝热组件的内部反射层,并作为外部反射层与位于多层绝热组件另一侧的双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜组成多层绝热组件的两最外侧部分;当选用单面镀铝聚酯薄膜时,单面镀铝聚酯薄膜的镀铝面朝向一致且均朝向双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜;
步骤5,多层绝热组件的封边处理:使用聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线沿多层绝热组件所有边缘进行缝线封闭;
步骤6,抽空干燥:将多层绝热组件放于真空干燥箱中实施加温老化处理。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤1中,牵伸的工艺参数为:拉伸倍数2~4倍;热处理的参数为:热处理温度≥200℃。
10.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤2中,六边形重复单元的边长为1~10mm;表面固化剂选自聚异氰酸酯、正硅酸乙酯、聚脲或乙烯基树脂中的任意一种或多种。
11.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤4中,聚酰亚胺丝网经剪裁获得固定尺寸用于堆叠,堆叠时,对剪裁产生的开线或者脱丝进行高温加热,形成封闭。
12.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤5中,聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线的缝线针脚不小于1cm;缝线封闭前可以预先使用打孔器进行打孔,使缝线穿过打后的孔,打孔间距不小于1cm。
13.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤5中,当多层绝热组件幅长较长时,多层绝热组件可以形成缠绕件,使用丝线将多层绝热组件的短边进行缝线闭合,缝线针脚不小于1cm,或者预先使用打孔器进行打孔,使缝线穿过打后的孔,打孔间距不小于1cm;其后在组件中部沿其长度方向进行缝线,缝线针脚不小于10cm。
14.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,采用100D聚酰亚胺纤维编织聚酰亚胺丝网、200D聚酰亚胺纤维缝纫线、13μm厚度单面镀铝聚酯薄膜、25μm厚度双面镀铝聚酰亚胺薄膜制备得到的多层绝热组件层密度为14~16层/cm。
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CN115091827A (zh) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-23 | 中电科能源有限公司 | 一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法 |
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CN112015139A (zh) * | 2020-09-01 | 2020-12-01 | 北京卫星环境工程研究所 | 航天器热控多层自动化制造方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
CN113497360A (zh) * | 2021-05-24 | 2021-10-12 | 西安空间无线电技术研究所 | 零透射太阳屏及星载天线反射器高精度型面控制热控结构 |
CN114321569A (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-04-12 | 航天材料及工艺研究所 | 一种高温蒸汽管路绝热结构、施工工艺及高温蒸汽管路 |
CN115091827A (zh) * | 2022-06-27 | 2022-09-23 | 中电科能源有限公司 | 一种柔性太阳电池阵用基板结构及制备方法 |
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CN117646184A (zh) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-03-05 | 北京天宇航天新材料科技有限公司 | 一种航天用超薄镀铝薄膜制备方法及镀铝薄膜 |
CN117646184B (zh) * | 2024-01-29 | 2024-04-05 | 北京天宇航天新材料科技有限公司 | 一种航天用超薄镀铝薄膜制备方法及镀铝薄膜 |
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