CN115088681B - Method for obtaining sterile male worms of tomato leaf miner and application of sterile male worms in pest control - Google Patents
Method for obtaining sterile male worms of tomato leaf miner and application of sterile male worms in pest control Download PDFInfo
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- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 claims description 54
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for obtaining a male sterile of tomato leaf miner and application of the male sterile to pest control, and relates to the technical field of agricultural pest control. The method for obtaining the sterile male worms of the tomato leaf miner provided by the invention adopts 137 The method comprises the steps of carrying out Cs-gamma ray irradiation treatment on tomato latent She Exiong pupae to obtain sterile male adults of tomato leaf miners, wherein the irradiation period is 2-3d male pupae before emergence, the irradiation dose is 200-300Gy, and the irradiation dose rate is 0.8-1.2Gy/min. The method for preventing and controlling the tomato leaf miner provided by the invention can continuously release a large amount of the irradiation-treated tomato leaf miner sterility in the fieldAfter male adults compete with wild male adults for spouse, resulting in a substantial reduction in offspring survival rate, thereby effectively reducing the population number of tomato leaf miner.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural pest control, in particular to a method for obtaining a tomato leaf miner sterile male pest and application thereof in pest control.
Background
The tomato leaf miner Tuta absorber (Meyrick) belongs to Lepidoptera gelechiiidae, is an important pest on tomatoes, can also be harmful to nearly 40 plants including potatoes, eggplants and sweet peppers, is mainly endangered by larvae, can potentially eat mesophyll to form a submarine channel and eat young fruits, tips, axillary buds and tender stems, causes a great amount of yield reduction, and can prevent and control incorrect tomato yield loss by up to 100 percent, and is called as ebola virus on tomatoes. The insect originates from Peruvian in south america and then rapidly spreads to other Latin america countries, and since spanish was first discovered in 2006, the insect spreads over the middle sea area for a short period of 3-4 years, and has been successfully invaded by 100 or more countries in south america, north america, europe, africa, asia, and so on, and is an important destructive pest on tomatoes worldwide. The insect is discovered in 2017 in Xinjiang of China for the first time, and is harmful in Yunnan, and then invades into a plurality of provinces successively, and as the tomato leaf miner spreads invasion speed is extremely high and hazard capability is extremely strong, the large outbreak of the whole country is likely to be caused in a short time, and the tomato planting industry is seriously threatened, so that effective green prevention and control measures are urgently needed to be developed, and the healthy development of the tomato planting industry in China is ensured.
At present, the control method for tomato leaf miner is mainly a traditional chemical agent control method and a sex pheromone cluster trapping and killing method. The chemical agent control method mainly targets the larvae, and the chemical agent is difficult to touch and kill the larvae caused by the damage of the latent leaves and the latent fruits of the tomato leaf miner larvae, and the insects have drug resistance to a plurality of agents, so that the control effect is not ideal; sex pheromone cluster trapping and killing method targets adults, but only traps and kills male adults, and the insects have the characteristic of mating for many times, so that the pest control effect is poor.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
A first object of the present invention is to provide a method for obtaining male sterile worms of the leaf miner of tomatoes, which solves at least one of the above problems.
The second object of the invention is to provide the application of the method for obtaining the sterile male worms of the tomato leaf miner in the control of the tomato leaf miner.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for obtaining a male sterile of tomato leaf miner, comprising the steps of:
by using 137 Treating tomato latent She Exiong pupa by Cs-gamma ray irradiation to obtain male sterile adult of tomato leaf miner; the irradiation dose of the irradiation treatment is 200-300Gy;
the irradiation dose rate of the irradiation treatment is 0.8-1.2Gy/min.
As a further technical scheme, male and female pupae are distinguished according to the characteristics of male and female reproductive holes of the tomato leaf miner in the 8 th section and the 9 th section of the abdomen respectively.
As a further technical scheme, the tomato latent She Exiong pupae are latent She Exiong pupae 2-3d before emergence.
As a further technical scheme, the method for obtaining the tomato latent She Exiong pupa 2-3d before eclosion comprises the following steps: tomato potential She Exiong pupae with golden color and black eye point were picked.
As a further technical scheme, the irradiation dose of the irradiation treatment is 300Gy; the irradiation dose rate of the irradiation treatment is 1Gy/min.
In a second aspect, the invention provides application of the method in tomato leaf miner control.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling tomato leaf miner, comprising the following steps: releasing the male sterile adult of the tomato leaf miner in the field.
As a further technical scheme, the irradiation-treated tomato leaf miner sterile male adults are released in a proportion of 15:1-25:1 of sterile male worms to field wild male worms.
As a further technical scheme, the release is carried out once every 8-12 days for 4-6 times.
As a further technical scheme, release is carried out every 10 days for 5 times.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method for obtaining the sterile male worms of the tomato leaf miner provided by the invention adopts 137 Treating tomato latent She Exiong pupa with Cs-gamma ray irradiation to obtain male sterile adult of tomato leaf miner, and comparing with radiation source 60 Co has more stable irradiation dose, safer operation, more uniform irradiation absorption dose and lower cost compared with the method of using X rays, wherein the irradiation dose of irradiation treatment is 200-300Gy, and the irradiation dose rate of irradiation treatment is 0.8-1.2Gy/min. Foreign researches show that the tomato latent She Exiong pupa is treated by adopting X rays (the irradiation dose is 200-250Gy, and the irradiation dose rate is 0.679 Gy/s), and the tomato latent leaf moth sterile male-worm can also be obtained, but compared with the method reported abroad, the method for obtaining the tomato latent leaf moth sterile male-worm provided by the invention has the advantages that the obtained sterile male-worm eclosion rate is higher, the mating competitiveness is stronger, the survival rate of offspring is lower, and the sex ratio of the surviving adults is biased towards the male-worm.
The application of the method for obtaining the sterile male worms of the tomato leaf miner in the control of the tomato leaf miner is that after the sterile male adults of the tomato leaf miner subjected to the irradiation treatment are continuously released in a large amount in the field, the method competes with the wild male adults, so that the survival rate of offspring is greatly reduced, and the population quantity of the tomato leaf miner is effectively reduced. The invention realizes the suppression of the tomato leaf miner population by regulating the mating of adults, thereby not only overcoming the dilemma that the chemical agent control effect is not ideal due to the characteristic that the larva leaf miner and the potential fruit are harmful, but also solving the dilemma that the control effect on the tomato leaf miner with multiple mating characteristics is poor due to the sex pheromone cluster trapping and killing method, and providing a novel green and effective control method for the tomato leaf miner control. Meanwhile, compared with the traditional control technology, the invention has the advantages of environmental friendliness, strong specificity, no harm to non-target organisms, lasting control effect, no resistance and the like.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 shows the effect of different doses of gamma radiation treatment on F0 generation tomato potential She Exiong insects 2-3d before eclosion;
FIG. 2 is the effect of different doses of gamma radiation treatment on F0 generation tomato potential She Exiong insects 4-5d before eclosion;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of different doses of gamma radiation treatment on F1 generation of tomato leaf miner;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of gamma radiation at a dose of 300Gy on fertility of F1 generation and hatchability of F2 generation eggs of tomato leaf miner.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to embodiments and examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following embodiments and examples are only for illustrating the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The specific conditions are not specified, and the process is carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions suggested by manufacturers. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for obtaining a male sterile of tomato leaf miner, comprising the steps of:
by using 137 And (3) treating the tomato latent She Exiong pupa by Cs-gamma ray irradiation to obtain the male sterile adult of the tomato latent leaf moth. The irradiation dose of the irradiation treatment may be, for example, but not limited to, 200Gy, 250Gy, or 300Gy;
the irradiation dose rate of the irradiation treatment may be, for example, but not limited to, 0.8Gy/min, 0.9Gy/min, 1Gy/min, 1.1Gy/min, or 1.2Gy/min.
The male sterile adult of the tomato leaf miner obtained by the method can greatly reduce the survival rate of offspring while the emergence and mating competitiveness of the male moth are not affected, and can be applied to the control of the tomato leaf miner.
In some preferred embodiments, male and female pupae may be distinguished based on the characteristics of male and female reproductive orifices of tomato leaf miner at sections 8 and 9 of the abdomen, respectively.
In some preferred embodiments, the tomato latent She Exiong pupae are tomato latent She Exiong pupae 2-3d before emergence.
The method for obtaining the tomato latent She Exiong pupa 2-3d before eclosion comprises the following steps: tomato potential She Exiong pupae with golden color and black eye point were picked.
When the pupa irradiation period is selected, two indexes of the sterile effect of the male worms and the damage to the male pupa are comprehensively considered, because the ideal sterile effect of the male worms can be achieved when the pupa irradiation period is too far forward, but the damage to the pupa is too great, and the sterile effect is not ideal when the pupa irradiation period is too far backward, the medium-term pupa is selected for experiments. The inventor researches find that the effect of carrying out irradiation treatment on the tomato latent She Exiong pupa with the length of 2-3d before emergence is better, and the survival rate of offspring can be further reduced while the emergence and mating competitiveness of male worms are not affected, because if the irradiation period is advanced again, the death rate and the malformation ratio of the tomato latent She Exiong pupa with the length of 4-5d before emergence are obviously increased, the service life is obviously shortened, and huge damage is caused to the male worms.
In some preferred embodiments, the irradiation dose of the irradiation treatment is 300Gy and the irradiation dose rate of the irradiation treatment is 1Gy/min.
By further optimizing and adjusting the irradiation dose and the irradiation dose rate of the irradiation treatment, the survival rate of offspring is further greatly reduced while the eclosion and mating competitiveness of the male worms are not affected.
In a second aspect, the invention provides the use of a method for obtaining a male sterile of tomato leaf miner in the control of the pest.
The male sterile adult of the tomato leaf miner obtained by the method can greatly reduce the survival rate of offspring without affecting the eclosion and mating competitiveness of the male, and can be used for controlling the male.
In a third aspect, the invention provides a method for controlling tomato leaf miner, comprising the following steps: releasing the male sterile adult of the tomato leaf miner in the field.
After the sterile male adults of the irradiated tomato leaf miner are released in a large quantity in the field, the sterile male adults compete with the wild male adults, so that the survival rate of offspring is greatly reduced, the population quantity of the tomato leaf miner is effectively reduced, and the control method is simple, quick, efficient, time-saving and labor-saving to operate.
In some preferred embodiments, the number of male sterile adults of the tomato leaf miner that release the above-described irradiation treatment is: according to the number of the field tomato latent She Exiong insects, the sterile male adults of the irradiated tomato latent leaf moths are released in a proportion of 15:1-25:1 of the sterile male insects to the field wild male insects.
In some preferred embodiments, the release is by: the release is carried out once every 8-12 days, 4-6 times, preferably 5 times every 10 days, and the release mode can realize the control of the tomato leaf miner more efficiently.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples and comparative examples, however, it should be understood that these examples are for the purpose of illustration only in greater detail and should not be construed as limiting the invention in any way.
Example 1 selection of a period of irradiation of a tomato potential She Exiong pupae
Tomato leaf miner populations were harvested from tomato fields (102 deg. 57'78 "east longitude, 24 deg. 34' 16" north latitude) from Yuxi city, yunnan, 6 months 2019. After the collected seed group is brought back to a laboratory, tomato plants are used as host plants, and the seed group is fed and continuously generated in a climatic chamber (the temperature is 25+/-1 ℃, the relative humidity is 60+/-5 percent, and the photoperiod is 16L: 8D), so that a stable seed group is established. A large number of pupas are picked from the male pupas, the male pupas are distinguished according to the characteristics of female worms and male worms of the tomato leaf miner on the 8 th section and the 9 th section of the abdomen, the male pupas with dark red eye points and yellow-green body colors are picked to be the male pupas of 4-5d before eclosion, and the male pupas with black eye points and golden body colors are picked to be the male pupas of 2-3d before eclosion. The tomato latent She Exiong pupa is gently picked by a writing brush and placed in flat-bottom glass tubes (diameter 1.5cm, length 8 cm), and 5 pupa are placed in each glass tube, and the method is utilized 137 The Cs-gamma rays are subjected to irradiation treatment, wherein the dosage rate is 1Gy/min, the irradiation dosages are set to be 100, 200, 300 and 400Gy, and the males which are not subjected to irradiation treatment are used as controls. The 5 males per dose had 1 repeat for a total of 10 replicates. The emergence condition of the tomato latent She Exiong pupae of the irradiation treatment group control group is observed, and the emergence rate (emergence number/pupae number), the malformation ratio (malformation number/emergence number) and the life of male adults after emergence are counted.
As shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2 (different lower case letters show that the difference is obvious (P < 0.05) through the Duncan's new complex polar difference method), when the 2-3d tomato latent She Exiong pupa is selected to be irradiated before eclosion, compared with a control group, gamma ray irradiation treatment does not influence the F0 generation eclosion rate, and as the irradiation dose is increased, the malformation ratio is increased, the service life is reduced to some extent, but only when the irradiation dose reaches 400Gy, the damage to the male worms is larger; when the 4-5d male pupa before eclosion is selected for irradiation, compared with a control group, the eclosion rate and the service life are obviously reduced along with the increase of the irradiation dose, the deformity ratio is obviously increased, and huge damage is caused to the male worms.
Therefore, the invention selects the optimal period of the tomato latent She Exiong pupa irradiation period 2-3d before emergence.
EXAMPLE 2 preliminary screening of the irradiation dose of the latent She Exiong pupae of tomato
F0 generation male adults which are normally eclosion after gamma-ray irradiation treatment of 100, 200, 300 and 400Gy doses of male pupas before eclosion are respectively paired with untreated female adults, normal male and female adults which are not subjected to irradiation treatment are paired as a control, and the male pupas are placed in flat-bottom glass tubes (with the diameter of 3cm and the length of 20 cm) provided with tomato leaves for mating for 10 days, wherein 10 pairs are respectively matched for each group of treatment. The leaves were changed daily and 20 eggs were gently picked under a microscope with a brush pen onto fresh leaves and placed in a petri dish, and the hatching condition was observed. When eggs hatch into larvae, fresh tomato leaves are periodically added for the larvae to feed until the larvae pupate and emerge as adults. During the period, the hatching rate of F1 generation eggs, the survival rate of larvae, the ratio of eggs to develop into adults (number of adults/number of eggs) and the ratio of male to female adults (number of female adults/number of male adults) are counted. As a result, as shown in fig. 3 (different lowercase letters indicate that the difference was significant (P < 0.05)) by the Duncan's new complex polar method test, the gamma-ray irradiation was unfavorable for survival of F1 generation, the hatchability of F1 generation eggs after gamma-ray irradiation treatment of 100, 200, 300, 400Gy was 70.28%, 47.49%, 31.98%, 16.60% of the control group, the survival rate of larvae was 82.99%, 62.71%, 58.27%, 31.92% of the control group, the proportion of eggs developed into adults was 58.90%, 29.86%, 14.11%, 3.27% of the control group, and the survival rate of the surviving adults was more and more biased toward male adults as the irradiation dose was increased, and no female adults survived when the dose reached 400 Gy. From this, the hatching rate of the F1 eggs, the pupation rate of the larvae, the proportion of eggs developing into adults and the sexual ratio (female adults/male adults) all decrease significantly with increasing irradiation dose.
According to the influence of gamma ray irradiation treatment with different dosages on various biological parameter indexes of F0 and F1 generation of tomato leaf miner, the invention discovers that 300Gy irradiation treatment can greatly reduce the survival rate of F1 generation without influencing the emergence of F0 generation male worms, so that 300Gy is initially selected as the optimal dosage for irradiation sterility.
EXAMPLE 3 verification and determination of optimal dose for radiation sterility
1) Effect of mating competitiveness of F0 tomato latent She Exiong adults
Setting normal female adults, namely 3 combinations of radiation male adults with the ratio of 1:1:0, 1:0:1 and 1:1:1, respectively releasing 5 normal female adults, normal male adults, 5 normal female adults, 5 radiation male adults, 5 normal female adults, 5 normal male adults and 5 radiation male adults in a mating device, and recording the spawning quantity and egg hatching rate of each combination, wherein the radiation male adults are male adults which are eclosion after 300Gy dose gamma ray radiation treatment of male pupae. Each group was treated in 6 replicates. The competition mating index (C) of the irradiated male adults was calculated. The specific calculation mode is as follows:
wherein N is the number of normal male adults; s is the number of irradiated male adults; ha is the egg hatchability of normal female and male adults; hs is the egg hatchability of normal female adults and irradiated male adults; ee is the egg hatching rate of a certain S/N ratio mixed male adults mated with normal female adults; e is the expected value of the egg hatching rate of a certain S/N ratio mixed male adults mated with normal female adults.
The experimental results are shown in table 1, the male adults which release gamma-ray irradiation with 300Gy dose can obviously reduce the spawning amount and the egg hatching rate, when the ratio of normal female adults to normal male adults to irradiated male adults is 1:1:1, the spawning amount is reduced by 19.05% and the egg hatching rate is reduced by 31.21% compared with the situation that only normal female adults exist; the mating competition value is 1.07, namely the irradiated male worms have the same mating competition force as the normal male worms. This shows that gamma radiation treatment at 300Gy dose does not affect male adult mating competitiveness, can compete with wild male adults for female adults, and can greatly reduce population numbers when released in large quantities in the field.
TABLE 1 influence of 300Gy dose irradiation treatment on the mating competitiveness of tomato latent She Exiong adults
Note that: u is a male adult, I is a male adult treated by gamma ray irradiation at a dose of 300 Gy. Data in the table are mean ± standard error. The different letters in the same column indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) as tested by Duncan's new complex polar difference method.
2) Influence of F1 generation tomato leaf miner on growth and development
And (3) utilizing gamma rays with a dosage of 300Gy to irradiate the tomato latent She Exiong pupa which is 2-3d before eclosion, mating the eclosion F0 generation male adults with normal female adults for spawning, taking eggs generated by mating the normal female adults as a control, picking 200 eggs each in each group, placing 1 egg on each tomato leaf, observing the whole life cycle of the tomato latent She Exiong pupa from the eggs to the adults, and recording F1 generation egg hatching rate, larva survival rate, pupa eclosion rate and development calendar of each stage and female adult proportion (female adult number/total adult number) in the period.
The experimental results are shown in table 2, the F1-generation egg hatching rate, the larva survival rate, the pupa emergence rate and the female adult proportion of the male insects treated by gamma ray irradiation at the dose of 300Gy are all obviously reduced, and the 4 biological parameters are 36.14%, 65.83%, 71.90% and 33.33% of the normal offspring respectively; compared with normal offspring, the development duration of F1 generation eggs, larvae and pupae after irradiation is obviously prolonged. Therefore, the population irradiated by gamma rays with the dosage of 300Gy is not easy to survive, the number of female adults is also greatly reduced, and the population continuation is not facilitated.
TABLE 2 influence of gamma-ray irradiation of 300Gy doses on F1 generation by tomato potential She Exiong insects
Note that: data in the table are mean ± standard error. * The differences are significant at P <0.001 levels as tested by t-test.
3) Influence of fertility of F1 generation tomato leaf miner and hatching rate of F2 generation egg
F1 generation female and male adults subjected to gamma ray irradiation treatment with the dose of 300Gy are respectively paired with unihead normal male and female adults which are not irradiated, the paired normal male and female adults which are not irradiated are used as a control, and the paired normal male and female adults are placed in flat-bottom glass tubes (with the diameter of 3cm and the length of 20 cm) provided with tomato leaves for mating until the male and female adults die, and 15 pairs of male and female adults are respectively paired. The leaves are replaced every day during the period, the spawning amount of each group is counted under a microscope, 20 eggs are gently picked by a writing brush on fresh leaves and placed in a culture dish, and the F2 egg hatching rate is counted.
The experimental results are shown in FIG. 4 (wherein, in FIG. 4, A: F1-generation normal male and female adults (0M+0F), F1-generation male and normal female adults (300M+0F) after 300Gy gamma-ray irradiation treatment and spawning amounts of F1-generation female and normal male adults (300F+0M) after irradiation were mated; and B: F2-generation egg hatching rate in FIG. 4. Different lower case letters indicate significant differences (P < 0.05) in Duncan's new compound polar difference test), the spawning amounts of F1-generation male and normal female adults after 300Gy dose irradiation and F1-generation female and normal male adults were significantly reduced, as compared with the control group, only 15.84% and 14.98% of spawning amounts of F1-generation female and normal male adults after irradiation treatment were not hatched substantially. This shows that the sterility effect of the tomato latent She Exiong insects caused by 300Gy gamma ray irradiation can be continued for multiple generations, the hereditary property is achieved, and the population quantity of offspring can be greatly reduced.
According to the invention, through the measurement of the mating competitiveness of F0 generation tomato latent She Exiong adults, the growth, development and propagation conditions of F1 generation tomato latent leaf moths and the hatchability of F2 generation eggs, the gamma-ray irradiation treatment of 300Gy dose is found to treat tomato latent She Exiong pupas, so that extremely low offspring survival rate can be caused while the mating competitiveness of male adults is not influenced, the population quantity is greatly reduced, and the 300Gy dose is determined to be the optimal dose for irradiation sterility.
Example 4 field release of male sterile adults of tomato leaf miner
In a greenhouse where the tomato leaf miner is harmful, according to the number of the field tomato leaf miner She Exiong insects, the sterile male worms are released according to the proportion of 15:1-25:1 of the field wild male worms, and the sterile male adults of the irradiated tomato leaf miner are released once every 8-12 days for 4-6 times. The released sterile male adults compete with wild male adults to greatly reduce the survival rate of offspring, so that the number of the tomato leaf miner populations is effectively reduced, and the prevention and control effects of suppressing and even eradicating the tomato leaf miner populations are achieved.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for obtaining a male sterile of a tomato leaf miner, comprising the steps of:
by using 137 Treating tomato latent She Exiong pupa by Cs-gamma ray irradiation to obtain F0 generation tomato latent leaf moth sterile male adult; the irradiation dose of the irradiation treatment is 300Gy; the irradiation dose rate of the irradiation treatment is 1Gy/min;
the tomato latent She Exiong pupae are tomato latent She Exiong pupae 2-3d before emergence.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein male and female pupae are distinguished according to the characteristics of male and female reproductive orifices of tomato leaf miner at sections 8 and 9 of abdomen, respectively.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for obtaining the tomato latent She Exiong pupae 2-3d before eclosion comprises the following steps: tomato potential She Exiong pupae with golden color and black eye point were picked.
4. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1-3 for the control of tomato leaf miner.
5. A method for controlling tomato leaf miner, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: releasing the male sterile adult tomato leaf miner of any one of claims 1-3 in the field.
6. The method for controlling tomato leaf miner according to claim 5, wherein the male sterile adults of tomato leaf miner are released in a ratio of male sterile worms to field wild worms of 15:1-25:1.
7. The method for controlling tomato leaf miner according to claim 5, wherein the release is performed 4 to 6 times every 8 to 12 days.
8. The method for controlling tomato leaf miner according to claim 6, wherein the release is performed 5 times every 10 days.
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