CN114467861B - X-ray radiation sterility method for preventing and treating pink bollworm - Google Patents
X-ray radiation sterility method for preventing and treating pink bollworm Download PDFInfo
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- 241000721451 Pectinophora gossypiella Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000036512 infertility Effects 0.000 title claims description 18
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 title claims description 13
- 241000205585 Aquilegia canadensis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000032669 eclosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000255967 Helicoverpa zea Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 241001237471 Dianthus strictus Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000019617 pupation Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 19
- 241000219146 Gossypium Species 0.000 description 19
- 208000000509 infertility Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 208000021267 infertility disease Diseases 0.000 description 16
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005251 gamma ray Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000255925 Diptera Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 210000001082 somatic cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009261 transgenic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 206010059866 Drug resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 2
- 210000000349 chromosome Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 210000001726 chromosome structure Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000941 radioactive substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241001147381 Helicoverpa armigera Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021929 Infertility male Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000007466 Male Infertility Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002230 centromere Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000012343 cottonseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004392 genitalia Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses an X-ray irradiation sterile method for preventing and treating red bell worms, which comprises the steps of feeding the red bell worms indoors by using an artificial feed breeding method to obtain red bell worm pupas of 1-7 days old; irradiating the pink bollworm pupa under the condition that the irradiation dose is 134-168 Gy to obtain irradiated pupa; placing the radiated pupae in a cage, and picking out the male adult pink bollworm with normal appearance and activity after the pupae eclosion; releasing male adult pink bollworms in natural populations, and mating the male adult pink bollworms with wild male worms in a competitive manner to mate wild female worms so that the wild female worms do not lay eggs or the laid eggs do not hatch. The invention can make the male worms sterile; releasing the sterile male worms into the natural population of the pink bollworms to compete with the wild male worms for mating, so that the wild female worms do not generate offspring, and the population of the pink bollworms in the area is restrained or eradicated; compared with the traditional pest control method, the method has the advantages of specific target, no environmental pollution, lasting control effect and good application prospect in future pest control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pest control, in particular to an X-ray irradiation sterility method for controlling pink bollworms.
Background
The pink bollworm Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders) is a worldwide important cotton pest, which occurs and is distributed in more than 100 countries and regions around the world, and seriously harms the yield and quality of cotton. In the beginning of the 20 th century, the pink bollworm is introduced into the environment along with the cotton trade and the cotton seed allocation and transportation, and becomes an external invasive pest on cotton in China. Before the 90 s in the 20 th century, the pink bollworm damages cotton all the year round, which causes the dropping of buds and bolls and the crushing of cotton seeds and fibers, and causes the reduction of cotton yield by 10-30% all the year round. At the moment, mainly agricultural prevention and chemical prevention and control means are taken as the main means for the pink bollworm, but the agricultural prevention and control wastes time and labor, and the operation is troublesome; chemical prevention is a main prevention means, but easily generates drug resistance, harms natural enemies and other non-target organisms, and pollutes the environment.
After 1997, bt gene-transgenic insect-resistant cotton (Bt cotton) begins to be commercially planted in China, plays a good control role on pink bollworms and cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera, and cotton varieties with the Bt gene begin to become important means for preventing and controlling the pink bollworms. However, the continuous planting of a large proportion of Bt cotton faces the problem of an increased level of red bollworm resistance to Bt cotton. The pink bollworm is used as an oligotrophic pest, the field host is single, the widely planted Bt cotton has higher resistance selection pressure on the pink bollworm, and the resistance risk of the pink bollworm to the monovalent Bt cotton rises suddenly; in addition, transgenic cotton with monovalent (Cry 1 Ac) insect-resistant genes has been planted in China for more than twenty years since commercialization, and transgenic cotton with bivalent/multivalent insect-resistant genes has not been commercialized in China. Therefore, once the pink bollworm generates resistance to the monovalent Bt cotton, the existing monovalent Bt cotton variety in China loses the control effect on the pink bollworm, and the control effect of the transgenic cotton variety which is cultivated at high cost in the past on the pink bollworm does not exist.
Therefore, based on the current situation of prevention and control of the pink bollworm, the method for controlling the pink bollworm, which has no resistance, lasting prevention effect, strong specificity and ecological safety, has important significance and value.
The insect sterility technology (SIT) is a technology for controlling pests by irradiating insects in a certain insect state with high-energy rays (mainly gamma rays and the like) at a certain dose to destroy the chromosome structure of germ cells and not influence the chromosome structure of somatic cells, so that the effect that current generation insects are sterile or offspring insects cannot survive is achieved. Most of the existing SIT projects are performed by radioactive elements 60 Co or 137 The gamma-ray irradiation generated by Cs obtains male sterile worms, but is limited by the problem of nuclear safety, the management of gamma-ray radiation sources in various countries is very strict, and the application and popularization of the nuclear device are greatly limited due to high construction and maintenance cost.
At present, the radiation sterility research of X-ray to insects is mostly concentrated in diptera insects, and the research shows that the X-ray irradiation treatment can obtain the same sterility effect. However, because the diptera insects are single centromere chromosomes, the energy required for breaking the chromosomes by adopting rays is smaller, and the sterility of the insects can be realized by using smaller dose; lepidoptera insects have silk particle chromosomes, the required dose is far higher than that of diptera insects, and the somatic cells of the insects are inevitably damaged by high-dose irradiation, so that the viability of the insects is reduced, and the irradiation sterility research of the lepidoptera insects has certain difficulty.
At present, no relevant report on the research of pink bollworm radiation sterility by utilizing X-ray radiation treatment is available at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides an X-ray irradiation sterility method for preventing and treating pink bollworm, which is characterized in that an X-ray radiation source does not generate radioactive substances and nuclear waste, equipment is easier to transport and stops along with use, and the method is safer and more effective, and tests the irradiation period and the irradiation dose to obtain the optimal irradiation condition to generate sterile male worms, so that the activity capability and the service life of the sterile male worms are not obviously influenced, and the sterile male worms can normally mate with fertile female worms but cannot generate offspring; therefore, the obtained sterile male worms are released into field populations and compete with fertile male worms for mating and fertile female worms, so that the purpose of restraining and even eliminating pest populations is achieved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention designs an X-ray radiation sterility method for preventing and controlling pink bollworm, which comprises the following steps:
1) Breeding the red bell worms indoors by using an artificial feed breeding method to obtain red bell worm pupas of 1-7 days old;
2) Irradiating the pink bollworm pupa under the condition that the irradiation dose is 134-168 Gy; obtaining irradiated pupa;
3) Placing the radiated pupae in a cage, and picking out the male adult pink bollworm with normal appearance and activity after the pupae eclosion;
4) Releasing the male adult pink bollworms picked out in the step 3) in natural populations of the male pink bollworms, and competing with the wild male worms for mating with the wild female worms to ensure that the wild female worms do not lay eggs or the eggs laid by the wild male worms do not hatch (thereby reducing the population number of the red bell worms in the fields. The purpose of preventing and controlling the pink bollworm is finally achieved by releasing a large amount of sterile males for many times).
Further, in the step 1), the method for breeding the pink bollworm comprises the following steps:
a. collecting wild pink bollworm larvae or indoor bred pink bollworm sensitive strains, breeding indoors by using an artificial feed breeding method and enlarging the population quantity;
b. collecting egg blocks, after eggs are hatched, connecting the primarily hatched larvae of the pink bollworms to a culture tray with artificial feed in batches, culturing for 10-12 days in an insect breeding room with the ambient temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃, the humidity of 50% +/-10% and the photoperiod L: D =14, and growing the larvae to an aging stage;
c. marking the pupation date after the mature larva pupate, continuously culturing for 1-7 days, carefully picking out the pupae with normal appearance by using forceps, and obtaining the red bell worm pupae with the age of 1-7 days.
Further, in the step 1), the red bell worm pupae are 5-day-old red bell worm pupae.
Still further, in the step 2), the irradiation dose is 150Gy, and the irradiation dose rate is 0.28Gy/min (the irradiation dose rate is different depending on different X-ray irradiation instruments, and finally the total dose multiplied by the irradiation dose rate and the irradiation time is taken as the standard).
Further, in the step 3), the cage is a cube surrounded by nylon mesh, and the specification of the cage is 40cm × 40cm × 40cm; the aperture of the cage is less than 1mm.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the traditional gamma ray irradiation treatment, the method utilizes the X ray generated by non-radioactive substances as the irradiation treatment means of the insect sterility, is safer and more environment-friendly, and is easy to popularize and use in a large range;
2. compared with the traditional chemical pesticide control means, the method can avoid the problem of drug resistance and can also restrain or eradicate and control resistant pest populations. The invention has good application prospect in the future green and efficient pest control requirements.
In summary, the following steps: the invention can make the male worms sterile; releasing the sterile male worms into the natural population of the pink bollworms to compete with the wild male worms for mating, so that the wild female worms do not generate offspring, thereby restraining or eradicating the pink bollworm population in the region; compared with the traditional pest control method, the method has the advantages of specific target, no environmental pollution, lasting control effect and good application prospect in future pest control.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific examples so as to be understood by those skilled in the art.
The X-ray irradiation sterility method for preventing and treating the pink bollworm comprises the following steps:
1) Obtaining 1-7 days old red bell worm pupae:
a. collecting wild pink bollworm larvae or indoor bred pink bollworm sensitive strains, and breeding indoors by using an artificial feed breeding method to enlarge the population quantity;
b. collecting egg blocks, after eggs are hatched, connecting the larvae hatched primarily by the pink bollworms to a culture tray containing artificial feed in batches, culturing for 10-12 days in an insect-breeding room with the ambient temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃, the humidity of 50% +/-10% and the photoperiod L: D =14, and growing the larvae to an aging stage;
c. marking the pupation date after the mature larva pupate, continuously culturing for 1-7 days, carefully picking out pupae with normal appearance by using forceps to obtain the red bell worm pupae with the age of 1-7 days;
2) Irradiation treatment of pupa with sterile dose
Flatly paving the red bell worm pupae obtained in the step 1) in a plastic culture dish, irradiating by adopting a JYK type X-ray irradiation device, placing the culture dish in an irradiation center of an instrument, and irradiating the red bell worm pupae for 8-10 h under the conditions that the irradiation dose is 134-168 Gy and the irradiation dose rate is 0.28 Gy/min; obtaining irradiated pupa;
3) Selecting male imagoes with normal appearance
Placing the radiated pupae into a container with the specification: in a cubic cage (the cage is a cube surrounded by a nylon mesh) with the aperture of less than 1mm, after pupae eclosion, distinguishing and picking out male adult pink bollworms with normal appearance and activity by naked eyes according to the appearance form difference of male and female adult genitals (the tail end of the abdomen of the female adult has a reproductive hole, and the male adult does not have the characteristics);
4) Sterile male insect field release
Releasing the male adult pink bollworm picked in the step 3) in the peak occurrence period of the adult pink bollworm natural population according to the occurrence prediction data of the pink bollworm. And opening one side of the cage containing the male adults, and enabling the adults to naturally fly out of the field. Sterile males competitively mate with wild males in the field to cause the wild females to fail to lay eggs or the eggs laid cannot hatch.
Based on the method, different conditions are selected for X-ray irradiation in the range of 1-7 days of culture and 67-168 Gy of irradiation dose, so as to obtain the method of different embodiments, and the results of different embodiments are as follows:
1. influence of different doses of X-ray irradiation on mortality, eclosion rate and residual wing rate of male pupae of pink bollworm with different ages in days
TABLE 1 influence of different X-ray radiation doses on mortality, eclosion and residual wing rate of male pupae of pink bollworm
Note: 1 eclosion rate: the percentage of the eclosion insect number in the total insect number is defined as normal eclosion individuals and residual wing individuals; 2 the residual wing ratio: is the percentage of the residual wing individuals in the number of eclosion insects.
The sensitivity of different insect states to X-ray or gamma-ray radiation is different, and eggs, larvae, pupae and adults are sequentially formed from high to low. However, in view of operability and minimizing insect damage, the pupal stage is generally selected for insect irradiation treatment. The pupal stage of the pink bollworm is generally 7d. In order to reduce the damage of X-ray radiation to insect somatic cells as much as possible and avoid influencing the subsequent activity ability and the survival competitiveness of the irradiated insects; therefore, 1-5 days old red bell worm pupae are selected and respectively subjected to irradiation treatment of different doses of X-rays such as 0, 67, 134, 150 and 168Gy, and each group comprises 30 male pupae and 30 female pupae per day old. Considering that the field releases sterile males, only the parameters of the male pupae in each example were analyzed and compared below.
The results show that: the experimental group (134-168 Gy) is irradiated by pupae of 1-2 days old, and then most or all of the pupae die; the death rate of the pupae aged 3-4 days is greatly reduced, but the residual wing rate of the eclosion imagoes is obviously increased along with the increase of the irradiation dose; the death rate of the pupae of 5 days old is the lowest and is slightly higher than that of the control group, but the death rate of the pupae tends to increase along with the increase of the irradiation dose, and the rate of the residual wings increases along with the increase of the irradiation dose.
To conclude, the following steps are carried out: the 5-day-old pupae are the optimal period for X-ray irradiation treatment (under laboratory conditions, the calendar period of the red bell pupae is about 7 days, a small amount of pupae begin to eclose on the 6 th day, and a large amount of pupae will eclose on the 7 th day, and considering that the irradiation treatment time is 10 hours and the maneuvering time for field release is also considered, the 5-day-old pupae are suitable for treatment at the longest).
2. Selection of irradiation dose of pink bollworm pupa
Selecting 5-day-old red bell worm pupas, respectively carrying out irradiation treatment of X rays with different doses such as 0, 67, 134, 150 and 168Gy and the like, pairing the irradiated red bell worm male adult with the normal female according to 3 male worms and 3 female worms, and observing the influence of irradiation on the egg laying amount, the egg hatching number and the adult life of the red bell worms.
TABLE 2 influence of different X-ray irradiation doses on the egg laying amount, egg hatching rate and adult life of pink bollworm
The results show that the egg laying amount and the egg hatching number of the single female of the irradiation group are reduced along with the increase of the irradiation dose, wherein the single female hatching number of the examples 10, 15 and 20 (the irradiation dose is 134-168 Gy) is below 2.3 grains, and the male sterility rate of the irradiated pink bollworm male adult reaches more than 98 percent. The life of the adult insects is reduced compared with that of the control group, and the life of the adult insects is reduced along with the increase of the irradiation dose, so that the irradiation dose as small as possible is selected under the condition of equivalent sterility rate.
By combining the research results, after the 5-day-old red bollworm pupae are subjected to 134-168 Gy X-ray radiation sterile dose treatment, the eclosion rate of the red bollworm male pupae is high, the residual wing rate and the pupae death rate are low, the sterility rate can reach more than 98 percent, the service life of adults is less influenced, and the ideal sterile male pupae can be obtained.
By combining the comparison of indexes of examples 1-20, sterile male worms with the maximum normal emergence number, the sterility rate of more than 98% and relatively long service lives of adults can be obtained by irradiating male pupas of 5-day-old pink bollworms with 150Gy of X-rays, so that example 15 is the best example.
In conclusion, when the X-ray irradiation sterile treatment dose of the red bell worm pupae is within the range of 134-168 Gy, the male adult red bell worm after irradiation can reach the sterility rate of more than 98 percent, and the influence on the service life of the adult red bell worm is relatively low.
Other parts not described in detail are prior art. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. An X-ray irradiation sterility method for preventing and treating pink bollworm is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
1) Feeding the red bell worms indoors by using an artificial feed breeding method to obtain red bell worm pupas of 5 days old;
2) Irradiating the pink bollworm pupa under the conditions that the irradiation dose is 150Gy and the irradiation dose rate is 0.28 Gy/min; obtaining irradiated pupa;
3) Placing the irradiated pupae in a cage, and after the pupae eclosion, picking out the male adult pink bollworms with normal appearance and activity;
4) Releasing the male adult pink bollworms picked out in the step 3) in the natural population of the adult pink bollworms, and competing with the wild male worms to mate the wild female worms so that the wild female worms do not lay eggs or the laid eggs do not hatch.
2. The X-ray radiation sterilization method for preventing and controlling pink bollworm according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1), the method for raising the pink bollworm is as follows:
a. collecting wild pink bollworm larvae or indoor bred pink bollworm sensitive strains, and breeding indoors by using an artificial feed breeding method to enlarge the population quantity;
b. collecting egg blocks, after eggs are hatched, connecting the primarily hatched larvae of the pink bollworms to a culture tray with artificial feed in batches, culturing for 10-12 days in an insect breeding room with the ambient temperature of 28 +/-1 ℃, the humidity of 50% +/-10% and the photoperiod L: D =14, and growing the larvae to an aging stage;
c. marking the pupation date after the mature larva pupate, continuing culturing for 5 days, carefully picking out pupae with normal appearance by using forceps, and obtaining the red bell worm pupae with the age of 5 days.
3. The method for preventing and controlling the red bell worms by X-ray irradiation according to claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the cage is a cube surrounded by nylon nets, and the specification of the cage is 40cm X40 cm; the aperture of the cage is less than 1mm.
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