CN115087638A - Prmt5抑制剂 - Google Patents
Prmt5抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115087638A CN115087638A CN202080096577.0A CN202080096577A CN115087638A CN 115087638 A CN115087638 A CN 115087638A CN 202080096577 A CN202080096577 A CN 202080096577A CN 115087638 A CN115087638 A CN 115087638A
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- pharmaceutically acceptable
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- cancer
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- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种化合物,所述化合物选自:化合物A、B、C、D以及它们的药学上可接受的盐、酯和前药,它们是PRMT5抑制剂。还提供了制备本文公开的化合物的方法,包含本文公开的化合物的药物组合物,以及使用这些化合物治疗癌症、镰状细胞病和遗传性胎儿血红蛋白持续存在症(HPFH)突变的方法。
Description
发明背景
PRMT5(亦称JBP1、SKB1、lBP72、SKB1his和HRMTIL5)是一种II型精氨酸甲基转移酶,并且首次在与Janus酪氨酸激酶(Jak2)相互作用的蛋白质的双杂交搜索中鉴定(Pollack等人,1999)。PRMT5在基因转录的控制和调节中起重要作用。尤其,已知PRMT5使组蛋白H3在Arg-8(与由PRMT4甲基化的位点不同的位点)处对称地甲基化,并且使组蛋白H4在Arg-3(由PRMT1甲基化的相同位点)处对称地甲基化。据报告,PRMT5发挥多种作用,包括但不限于影响细胞活力、干性(stemness)、DNA损伤修复和RNA剪接(Clarke等人,Mol Cell(2017);Chiang等人,Cell Rep(2017);Gerhart等人,Sci Rep(2018))。具体而言,对PRMT5的抑制诱导p53的负调控因子MDM4的选择性剪接,从而导致MDM4的短同种型(MDM4-S)的表达增加、全长同种型(MDM4-FL)的表达降低以及p53活性增加(Gerhart等人Sci Rep(2018))。p53的大部分生理功能都归因于它作为转录激活因子的作用,从而对损害DNA的剂作出反应。在大约一半的人类癌症病例中,p53状态是野生型。这些包括94%的宫颈癌、87%的血液恶性肿瘤、85%的骨癌和内分泌腺癌以及75%的原发性乳腺癌。通过抑制遏制其功能的机制而恢复具有野生型p53的癌细胞中的p53导致生长停滞和细胞凋亡,并且被认为是一种潜在有效的肿瘤遏制手段。
响应于由包括阿霉素、喜树碱和UV光在内的多种剂引起的DNA损伤以及还响应于用Nutlin-3治疗,PRMT5的敲低导致亚G1群体的增加和G1细胞的伴随减少,以及在p53存在下细胞凋亡的显著增加。PRMT5的敲低还导致p21(在p53反应期间调控细胞周期停滞的一种关键p53靶基因)和MDM2(一种p53 E3泛素连接酶)的水平增加,但不导致PUMA、NOXA、AlP1和APAF1(与细胞凋亡有关的p53靶基因)的水平增加。
PRMT5(而不是PRMT1或CARM1/PRMT4)的敲低导致p53稳定性降低、基础p53水平降低、p53寡聚化降低,并且还降低了elF4E的表达,elF4E是参与核糖体与mRNA的结合的翻译机制的一种主要组分。事实上,elF4E是一种有效的致癌基因,其已显示促进体外恶性转化和人类癌症形成。
报告了PRMT5在实体(Clarke等人,Mol Cell(2017))和血液系统肿瘤模型(Hamard等人,Cell Rep(2018))中调控高保真同源重组介导的DNA修复中的作用的小组已对PRMT5在DNA损伤反应中的作用进行了探讨。
PRMT5在大约一半的人类癌症病例中异常表达,从而进一步将这种机制与癌症联系起来。已在前列腺癌(Gu等人,2012)、肺癌(Zhongping等人,2012)、黑素瘤癌症(Nicholas等人,2012)、乳腺癌(Powers等人,2011)、结肠直肠癌(Cho等人,2012)、胃癌(Kim等人,2005)、食道癌和肺癌(Aggarwal等人,2010)以及B细胞淋巴瘤和白血病(Wang,2008)的患者组织样品和细胞系中观察到了PRMT5过表达。此外,已证明黑素瘤、乳腺癌和结肠直肠癌中PRMT5的表达升高与预后不良相关。
包括慢性淋巴细胞性白血病(CLL)在内的淋巴系统恶性肿瘤与PRMT5的过表达相关。相对于正常CD19+B淋巴细胞,PRMT5在许多患者来源的伯基特氏淋巴瘤;套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL);体外EBV转化的淋巴瘤;白血病细胞系;和B-CLL细胞系中的细胞核和细胞溶质中过表达(在蛋白质水平上)(Pal等人,2007;Wang等人,2008)。令人感兴趣地,尽管这些肿瘤细胞中PRMT5蛋白的水平升高,但PRMT5 mRNA的水平降低(到1/2-1/5)。然而,PRMT5 mRNA的翻译在淋巴瘤细胞中增强,从而导致PRMT5的水平增加(Pal等人,2007;Wang等人,2008)。
除了基因组变化外,CLL与几乎所有癌症一样,具有异常的表观遗传异常,其特征在于全局低甲基化和包括肿瘤抑制基因的启动子的阻抑性高甲基化热点。虽然表观遗传学在CLL的起源和进展中的作用仍不清楚,但表观遗传变化似乎发生在疾病的早期,并且特定DNA甲基化模式与较差的预后相关(Chen等人,2009;Kanduri等人,2010)。组蛋白H3R8和H4R3的全局对称甲基化在转化的淋巴样细胞系和MCL临床样品中增加(Pal等人,2007),与在多种淋巴样癌细胞系和MCL临床样品中观察到的PRMT5过表达相关。
因此,PRMT5是用于鉴定新型癌症治疗剂的靶标。
血红蛋白是红细胞中的主要蛋白质,并且对于将氧气从肺部输送到组织至关重要。在成年人中,最常见的血红蛋白类型是称为血红蛋白A的四聚体,其由两个α亚基和两个β亚基组成。在人类婴儿中,血红蛋白分子由两条α链和两条γ链组成。随着婴儿成长,γ链逐渐被β亚基替代。从出生时开始的人类β样珠蛋白基因亚型从胎儿(γ)到成人(β)的发育转换预示着血红蛋白病β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的发作。在β-地中海贫血中,不产生成人链。在SCD中,β珠蛋白基因中的编码序列中的点突变导致产生具有改变的聚合性质的蛋白质。成人γ-珠蛋白基因表达增加(在遗传性胎儿血红蛋白持续存在症(hereditarypersistence of foetal hemoglobin)(HPFH)突变的情况下)显著减轻β-地中海贫血和SCD的临床严重程度的观察结果促使人们寻求治疗策略来逆转γ-珠蛋白基因沉默。迄今为止,这已通过药理学诱导,使用广泛影响表观遗传修饰(包括DNA甲基化和组蛋白脱乙酰化)的化合物而实现。更具靶向性的疗法的发展取决于支持胎儿珠蛋白基因沉默的分子机制的鉴定。尽管对HPFH突变进行了详尽的研究,并且在珠蛋白基因调控的许多其它方面取得了相当大的进展,但这些机制仍然难以捉摸。
PRMT5在触发协调的阻抑性表观遗传事件中起关键作用,所述事件始于组蛋白H4精氨酸3的二甲基化(H4R3me2s),并最终导致DNA甲基化和γ基因的转录沉默(Rank等人,2010)。与阻抑性标记物的同步建立不可或缺的是含有DNA甲基转移酶DNMT3A和其它阻遏蛋白的PRMT5依赖性复合物的组装(Rank等人,2010)。DNMT3A被直接募集以与PRMT5诱导的H4R3me2s标记结合,并且通过shRNA介导的PRMT5敲低或缺乏甲基转移酶活性的PRMT5突变形式的强制表达所致的此标记的损失导致γ基因表达的显著上调,并且完全消除γ-启动子处的DNA甲基化。用非特异性甲基转移酶抑制剂(Adox和MTA)处理人类红系祖细胞也导致了γ-基因表达上调(HeY,2013)。因此,PRMT5的抑制剂具有作为血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的治疗剂的潜力。
本发明人开发了抑制PRMT5的活性且因此可用于治疗通过抑制PRMT5的活性而改善的疾患的化合物。
本发明提供了一种化合物,所述化合物选自:
以及它们的药学上可接受的盐、酯和前药,它们是PRMT5抑制剂。还提供了制备本文公开的化合物的方法,包含本文公开的化合物的药物组合物,以及使用这些化合物治疗癌症、镰状细胞病和遗传性胎儿血红蛋白持续存在症(HPFH)突变的方法。
具体实施方式
本发明提供了一种化合物,所述化合物选自:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种化合物,所述化合物选自:
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述化合物是,
1-{4-[(4-{[(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基]羰基}-5-氟吡啶-2-基)氨基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮,
(6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,
(6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,
(6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,
或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述化合物是,1-{4-[(4-{[(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基]羰基}-5-氟吡啶-2-基)氨基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述化合物是,(6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述化合物是,(6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述化合物是,(6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个实施方案中,本发明是一种用于治疗癌症的组合物,所述组合物包含有效量的至少一种本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
本发明还提供了一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含有效量的至少一种本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,和有效量的至少一种其它药物活性成分(如,例如,化学治疗剂)以及药学上可接受的载体。
在一个实施方案中,本发明是一种用于治疗血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的组合物,所述组合物包含本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个实施方案中,本发明是一种用于治疗血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的组合物,所述组合物包含本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
在一个实施方案中,本发明是一种抑制有需要的患者中的PRMT5的方法,所述方法包括向所述患者施用有效量的至少一种本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用有效量的至少一种本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明提供了一种用于治疗有需要的患者的癌症的方法,所述方法包括向所述患者施用有效量的至少一种本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,与有效量的至少一种化学治疗剂组合。
本发明的方法包括施用包含至少一种本文公开的化合物和药学上可接受的载体的药物组合物。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括一种治疗血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是一种治疗血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是一种治疗血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用组合物,所述组合物包含本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是一种治疗血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用组合物,所述组合物包含本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗癌症的药物中的用途。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明是本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐在制造用于治疗血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的药物中的用途。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备用于治疗癌症或血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的药物的用途。
另一个实施方案是本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备用于治疗癌症的药物的用途。在一个子实施方案中,所述癌症是i)贲门癌,ii)肺癌,iii)胃肠癌,iv)泌尿生殖道癌,v)肝癌,vi)骨癌,vii)神经系统癌症,viii)妇科癌症,ix)血液系统癌症,x)皮肤癌,或xi)肾上腺癌。
另一个实施方案是本文所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制备用于治疗血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)的药物的用途。
在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括本文公开的化合物,所述化合物用于治疗癌症或血红蛋白病如β-地中海贫血或镰状细胞病(SCD)。在另一个实施方案中,本发明包括本文公开的化合物或它们的药学上可接受的盐,它们用于治疗贲门癌、肺癌、胃肠癌、泌尿生殖道癌、肝癌、骨癌、神经系统癌症、妇科癌症、血液系统癌症、皮肤癌或肾上腺癌。
在本发明的一个实例中,所治疗的癌症是结肠直肠癌(如,例如结肠腺癌和结肠腺瘤)。因此,本发明的另一个实例涉及一种治疗需要这种治疗的患者的结肠直肠癌的方法,所述方法包括向所述患者施用有效量的本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。本发明的另一个实例涉及一种治疗需要这种治疗的患者的结肠直肠癌的方法,所述方法包括向所述患者施用有效量的本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及有效量的至少一种化学治疗剂。
本发明还提供任何上述治疗癌症的方法,其中所述癌症是黑素瘤。因此,本发明的另一个实例涉及一种治疗需要这种治疗的患者的黑素瘤的方法,所述方法包括向所述患者施用有效量的本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。本发明的另一个实例涉及一种治疗需要这种治疗的患者的黑素瘤的方法,所述方法包括向所述患者施用有效量的本文公开的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,以及有效量的至少一种化学治疗剂。
本文所述的治疗癌症的方法可任选地包括施用有效量的放射(即,本文所述的治疗癌症的方法任选地包括施用放射疗法)。
本文所述的治疗癌症的方法包括治疗癌症的方法,所述治疗癌症的方法包括施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,与放射疗法组合和/或与选自以下的第二化合物组合:雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、类视黄醇受体调节剂、细胞毒性细胞生长抑制剂、抗增殖剂、异戊二烯基-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂、血管生成剂抑制剂、PPAR-γ激动剂、PPAR-δ激动剂、内在多药耐药性的抑制剂、止吐剂、可用于治疗贫血的剂、可用于治疗嗜中性粒细胞减少症的剂、免疫增强药物、细胞增殖和存活信号传导的抑制剂、双膦酸盐、芳香酶抑制剂、siRNA治疗剂、γ-分泌酶和/或NOTCH抑制剂、干扰受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的剂、干扰细胞周期检查点的剂以及本文列出的任何治疗剂或它们的药学上可接受的盐。
在本文所述的任何治疗癌症的方法中,除非另有说明,否则所述方法可任选地包括施用有效量的放射疗法。对于放射疗法,γ-放射是优选的。
在一个实施方案中,本文公开的化合物选自本文例如在实施例1-4中例示的化合物或它们的药学上可接受的盐组成的组。
术语“组合物”旨在涵盖包含指定量的指定成分的产品,以及直接或间接地由指定量的指定成分的组合产生的任何产品。术语“抗癌剂”是指用于治疗癌症的药物(药物或药物活性成分)或抗体。术语“至少一种”是指一种或多于一种。关于本发明化合物的数量的“至少一种”的含义独立于关于化学治疗剂的数量的含义。术语“化学治疗剂”意指用于治疗癌症的药物(药物或药物活性成分)(即抗肿瘤剂)。术语“有效量”意指“治疗有效量”。术语“治疗有效量”意指活性化合物或药剂的引发组织、系统、动物或人中由研究人员、兽医、医生或其它临床医师所寻求的生物或医学反应的量。因此,例如,在本文所述的治疗癌症的方法中,“有效量”(或“治疗有效量”)是指化合物(或药物)或放射的导致以下各项的量:(a)由癌症引起的一种或多种症状减少、减轻或消失,(b)肿瘤大小减小,(c)肿瘤的消除,和/或(d)肿瘤的长期疾病稳定(生长停滞)。此外,例如,PRMT5抑制剂(即,本发明化合物)的有效量或治疗有效量是导致PRMT5活性降低的量。术语“治疗癌症”或“癌症的治疗”是指向罹患癌性疾患的哺乳动物施用,并且是指通过杀死癌性细胞来缓解癌性疾患的效果,并且还指导致对癌症的生长和/或转移的抑制的效果。
大多数这些化学治疗剂的安全和有效施用的方法是本领域技术人员已知的。此外,在标准文献中描述了它们的施用。例如,许多化学治疗剂的施用在“医师案头参考”(PDR),例如the Physicians’Desk Reference,第64版,2010(由PDR Network出版,LLC atMontvale,NJ 07645-1725)中进行了描述,目前可通过www.pdr.net访问;所述文献的公开内容以引用的方式并入本文。
如果患者在治疗周期完成后有反应或稳定,则可根据熟练的临床医生的判断重复治疗周期。在完成治疗周期后,患者可以与治疗方案中施用的相同剂量继续服用本发明的化合物。此维持剂量可持续直到患者进展或不再能够耐受所述剂量(在这种情况下可减少剂量并且患者可继续服用所述减少的剂量)。
本领域技术人员将认识到,在本发明方法中采用的实际剂量和施用方案可根据熟练的临床医生的判断而变化。所采用的实际剂量可根据患者的需要和所治疗疾患的严重程度而变化。对于特定情况的合适剂量的确定在本领域技术范围内。在熟练的临床医生考虑诸如患者的年龄、状况和体型以及所治疗癌症的严重程度和患者对治疗的反应的因素后,可做出改变施用的剂量和方案的决定。
本文所公开的化合物和化学治疗剂的施用量和频率将根据主治临床医生(医师)的判断来调节,考虑到诸如患者的年龄、状况和体型以及所治疗的癌症的严重程度的因素。
本发明的化合物还可用于制备可用于治疗癌症的药物。
本发明化合物还可用于与治疗剂、化学治疗剂和抗癌剂组合。当前公开的化合物与治疗剂、化学治疗剂和抗癌剂的组合在本发明的范围内。此类剂的实例可在V.T.Devita和S.Hellman(编辑)的Cancer Principles and Practice of Oncology,第9版(2011年5月16日),Lippincott Williams&Wilkins Publishers中找到。本领域普通技术人员将能够基于所涉及的药物和癌症的特性来辨别哪种剂的组合将是有用的。此类剂包括以下:雌激素受体调节剂、程序性细胞死亡蛋白1(PD-1)抑制剂、程序性死亡配体1(PD-L1)抑制剂、雄激素受体调节剂、类视黄醇受体调节剂、细胞毒性剂/细胞生长抑制剂、抗增殖剂、异戊二烯基-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂和其它血管生成抑制剂、HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂、细胞增殖和存活信号传导的抑制剂、双膦酸盐、芳香酶抑制剂、siRNA治疗剂、γ-分泌酶抑制剂、干扰受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的剂和干扰细胞周期检查点的剂。本发明化合物在与放射疗法共同施用时特别有用。
可根据本领域中众所周知的治疗方案施用化学治疗剂。对于本领域技术人员将显而易见的是,化学治疗剂的施用可根据所治疗的癌症和化学治疗剂对所述疾病的已知作用而变化。此外,根据熟练的临床医生的知识,治疗方案(例如,施用的剂量和时间)可根据观察到的所施用的治疗剂对患者的影响以及观察到的癌症对所施用的治疗剂的反应而变化。
可根据本领域中已知的既定方案进行初始施用,然后基于所观察到的效果,熟练的临床医生可修改剂量、施用模式和施用时间。
化学治疗剂的具体选择将取决于主治医师的诊断以及他们对患者的疾患和适当治疗方案的判断。
在对所治疗的癌症和患者的状况进行评价后,治疗方案期间的施用顺序和化学治疗剂施用的重复次数完全在熟练的医师的知识范围内。
因此,根据经验和知识,执业医师可在治疗进行时根据个体患者的需要修改用于施用化学治疗剂的每个方案。所有此类修改都在本发明的范围内。
可根据本领域中众所周知的治疗方案施用抗癌剂。对于本领域技术人员将显而易见的是,抗癌剂的施用可根据所治疗的癌症和抗癌剂对所述疾病的已知作用而变化。此外,根据熟练的临床医生的知识,治疗方案(例如,施用的剂量和时间)可根据观察到的所施用的治疗剂对患者的影响以及观察到的癌症对所施用的治疗剂的反应而变化。
可根据本领域中已知的既定方案进行初始施用,然后基于所观察到的效果,熟练的临床医生可修改剂量、施用模式和施用时间。
抗癌剂的具体选择将取决于主治医师的诊断以及他们对患者的疾患以和适当的治疗方案的判断。
在对所治疗的癌症和患者的状况进行评价后,治疗方案期间的施用顺序和抗癌剂施用的重复次数完全在熟练的医师的知识范围内。
因此,根据经验和知识,执业医师可在治疗进行时根据个体患者的需要修改用于施用抗癌剂的每个方案。所有此类修改都在本发明的范围内。
主治临床医生在判断所施用剂量的治疗是否有效的过程中将考虑患者的总体健康状况以及更明确的体征如癌症相关症状(例如,疼痛)的缓解、肿瘤生长的抑制、肿瘤的实际缩小或转移的抑制。可通过标准方法如放射学研究(例如CAT或MRI扫描)测量肿瘤的大小并且可使用连续测量来判断肿瘤的生长是否被减缓或者甚至被逆转。疾病相关症状如疼痛的缓解和总体健康状况的改善也可用于帮助判断治疗的有效性。
本文提供的化合物、组合物和方法可用于治疗癌症。可通过本文公开的化合物、组合物和方法治疗的癌症包括但不限于:(1)心脏:肉瘤(血管肉瘤、纤维肉瘤、横纹肌肉瘤、脂肪肉瘤)、粘液瘤、横纹肌瘤、纤维瘤、脂肪瘤和畸胎瘤;(2)肺:支气管癌(鳞状细胞、未分化小细胞、未分化大细胞、腺癌)、肺泡(细支气管)癌、支气管腺瘤、肉瘤、淋巴瘤、软骨瘤性错构瘤、间皮瘤、非小细胞;(3)胃肠:食道(鳞状细胞癌、腺癌、平滑肌肉瘤、淋巴瘤)、胃(癌、淋巴瘤、平滑肌肉瘤)、胰腺(导管腺癌、胰岛瘤、胰高血糖素瘤、胃泌素瘤、类癌瘤、舒血管肠肽瘤)、小肠(腺癌、淋巴瘤、类癌瘤、卡波济氏肉瘤、平滑肌瘤、血管瘤、脂肪瘤、神经纤维瘤、纤维瘤)、大肠(腺癌、管状腺瘤、绒毛状腺瘤、错构瘤、平滑肌瘤)、结肠、结肠直肠、直肠;(4)泌尿生殖道:肾(腺癌、威尔姆斯肿瘤[肾母细胞瘤]、淋巴瘤、白血病)、膀胱和尿道(鳞状细胞癌、移行细胞癌、腺癌)、前列腺(腺癌、肉瘤)、睾丸(精原细胞瘤、畸胎瘤、胚胎癌、畸胎癌、绒毛膜癌、肉瘤、间质细胞癌、纤维瘤、纤维腺瘤、腺瘤样瘤、脂肪瘤);(5)肝脏:肝细胞瘤(肝细胞癌)、胆管癌、肝母细胞瘤、血管肉瘤、肝细胞腺瘤、血管瘤;(6)骨:骨原性肉瘤(骨肉瘤)、纤维肉瘤、恶性纤维组织细胞瘤、软骨肉瘤、尤文氏肉瘤、恶性淋巴瘤(网状细胞肉瘤)、多发性骨髓瘤、恶性巨细胞瘤、脊索瘤、骨软骨瘤(骨软骨性外生骨疣)、良性软骨瘤、软骨母细胞瘤、软骨肌瘤样纤维瘤、骨样骨瘤和巨细胞瘤;(7)神经系统:颅骨(骨瘤、血管瘤、肉芽肿、黄色瘤、畸形性骨炎)、脑膜(脑膜瘤、脑膜肉瘤、神经胶质瘤病)、脑(星形细胞瘤、髓母细胞瘤、神经胶质瘤、室管膜瘤、生殖细胞瘤[松果体瘤]、多形胶质母细胞瘤、少突神经胶质细胞瘤、神经鞘瘤、视网膜母细胞瘤、先天性肿瘤)、脊髓神经纤维瘤、脑膜瘤、神经胶质瘤、肉瘤);(8)妇科:子宫(子宫内膜癌)、子宫颈(宫颈癌、肿瘤前宫颈发育不良)、卵巢(卵巢癌[浆液性囊腺癌、粘液性囊腺癌、未分类癌]、颗粒腱鞘细胞瘤、支持-间质细胞瘤(Sertoli-Leydigcell tumor)、无性细胞瘤、恶性畸胎瘤)、外阴(鳞状细胞癌、上皮内癌、腺癌、纤维肉瘤、黑素瘤)、阴道(透明细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、葡萄状肉瘤(胚胎性横纹肌肉瘤)、输卵管(癌)、乳腺;(9)血液系统:血液(骨髓性白血病[急性和慢性]、急性成淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性淋巴细胞性白血病、慢性粒单核细胞白血病(CMML)、骨髓增生性疾病、多发性骨髓瘤、骨髓增生异常综合征)、霍奇金氏病、非霍奇金氏淋巴瘤[恶性淋巴瘤];(10)皮肤:恶性黑素瘤、基底细胞癌、鳞状细胞癌、卡波济氏肉瘤、痣发育异常痣、脂肪瘤、血管瘤、皮肤纤维瘤、瘢痕瘤、银屑病;以及(11)肾上腺:神经母细胞瘤。可通过本发明的化合物、组合物和方法治疗的癌症的实例包括甲状腺癌、甲状腺未分化癌、表皮癌、头颈癌(例如,头颈鳞状细胞癌)、肉瘤、畸胎癌、肝细胞瘤和多发性骨髓瘤。因此,如本文提供的术语“癌性细胞”包括受上文鉴定的疾患中的任一种折磨的细胞。
在乳腺癌(例如,绝经后和绝经前乳腺癌,例如,激素依赖性乳腺癌)的治疗中,本文公开的化合物可与有效量的至少一种选自由以下组成的组的抗激素剂:(a)芳香酶抑制剂、(b)抗雌激素和(c)LHRH类似物;以及任选的有效量的至少一种化学治疗剂一起使用。芳香酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于:阿那曲唑(例如,瑞宁得(Arimidex))、来曲唑(例如,弗隆(Femara))、依西美坦(阿诺新(Aromasin))、法倔唑和福美司坦(例如,兰特隆(Lentaron))。抗雌激素的实例包括但不限于:他莫昔芬(例如,诺瓦得士(Nolvadex))、氟维司群(例如,法洛德(Faslodex))、雷洛昔芬(例如,易维特(Evista))和阿考比芬。LHRH类似物的实例包括但不限于:戈舍瑞林(例如,诺雷德(Zoladex))和亮丙瑞林(例如,醋酸亮丙瑞林,例如利普安(Lupron)或利普安储库(Lupron Depot))。化学治疗剂的实例包括但不限于:曲妥珠单抗(例如,赫赛汀(Herceptin))、吉非替尼(例如,易瑞沙(Iressa))、埃罗替尼(例如,埃罗替尼HCl,如特罗凯(Tarceva))、贝伐单抗(例如,阿瓦斯汀(Avastin))、西妥昔单抗(例如,爱必妥(Erbitux))和硼替佐米(例如,万珂(Velcade))。
“雌激素受体调节剂”是指干扰或抑制雌激素与受体的结合的化合物,无论其机制如何。雌激素受体调节剂的实例包括但不限于他莫昔芬、雷洛昔芬、艾多昔芬、LY353381、LY117081、托瑞米芬、氟维司群、4-[7-(2,2-二甲基-1-氧代丙氧基-4-甲基-2-[4-[2-(1-哌啶基)乙氧基]苯基]-2H-1-苯并吡喃-3-基]-苯基-2,2-二甲基丙酸酯、4,4’-二羟基二苯甲酮-2,4-二硝基苯基-腙和SH646。
PD-1抑制剂包括派姆单抗(兰布罗利珠单抗)、纳武单抗和MPDL3280A。PDL抑制剂包括阿特珠单抗、阿维鲁单抗和德瓦鲁单抗。
“雄激素受体调节剂”是指干扰或抑制雄激素与受体的结合的化合物,无论其机制如何。雄激素受体调节剂的实例包括非那雄胺和其它5α-还原酶抑制剂、尼鲁米特、氟他胺、比卡鲁胺、利阿唑和醋酸阿比特龙。
“类视黄醇受体调节剂”是指干扰或抑制类视黄醇与受体的结合的化合物,无论其机制如何。此类类视黄醇受体调节剂的实例包括贝沙罗汀、维甲酸、13-顺式-视黄酸、9-顺式-视黄酸、α-二氟甲基鸟氨酸、ILX23-7553、反式-N-(4'-羟苯基)视黄酰胺和N-4-羧苯基视黄酰胺。
“细胞毒性剂/细胞生长抑制剂”是指主要通过直接干扰细胞的功能或抑制或干扰细胞减数分裂而引起细胞死亡或抑制细胞增殖的化合物,包括烷化剂、肿瘤坏死因子、嵌入剂、缺氧可激活化合物、微管抑制剂/微管稳定剂、有丝分裂驱动蛋白的抑制剂、组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂、参与有丝分裂进程的激酶的抑制剂、参与生长因子和细胞因子信号转导途径的激酶的抑制剂、抗代谢药、生物反应调节剂、激素/抗激素治疗剂、造血生长因子、单克隆抗体靶向治疗剂、拓扑异构酶抑制剂、蛋白酶体抑制剂、泛素连接酶抑制剂和极光激酶(aurora kinase)抑制剂。
细胞毒性剂/细胞生长抑制剂的实例包括但不限于,色替纳弗(sertenef)、恶病质素(cachectin)、异环磷酰胺、他索纳明(tasonermin)、氯尼达明、卡铂、六甲蜜胺、泼尼莫司汀、二溴卫矛醇、雷莫司汀、福莫司汀、奈达铂、奥沙利铂、替莫唑胺、庚铂、雌莫司汀、甲苯磺酸英丙舒凡、曲磷胺、尼莫司汀、二溴螺氯铵、嘌嘧替派(pumitepa)、洛铂、沙铂、泊非霉素(profiromycin)、顺铂、伊洛福芬(irofulven)、右异环磷酰胺(dexifosfamide)、顺式-胺二氯(2-甲基-吡啶)铂、苄基鸟嘌呤、葡磷酰胺、GPX100、(反式,反式,反式)-双-μ-(己烷-1,6-二胺)-μ-[二胺-铂(II)]双[二胺(氯)铂(II)]四氯化物、二氮丙啶基精胺(diarizidinylspermine)、三氧化二砷、1-(11-十二烷基氨基-10-羟基十一烷基)-3,7-二甲基黄嘌呤、佐柔比星、伊达比星、道诺霉素、比生群、米托蒽醌、吡柔比星、吡萘非特、戊柔比星、氨柔比星、抗瘤酮(antineoplaston)、3’-脱氨基-3’-吗啉代-13-脱氧代-10-羟基洋红霉素、安那霉素(annamycin)、加柔比星(galarubicin)、依利奈法德(elinafide)、MEN10755、4-脱甲氧基-3-脱氨基-3-氮丙啶基-4-甲基磺酰基-道诺霉素(参见WO 00/50032)、Raf激酶抑制剂(如Bay43-9006)和mTOR抑制剂(如Wyeth的CCI-779)。
缺氧可激活化合物的实例是替拉扎明。
蛋白酶体抑制剂的实例包括但不限于乳胞素(lactacystin)和MLN-341(万珂)。
微管抑制剂/微管稳定剂的实例包括紫杉醇、硫酸长春地辛、3’,4’-二脱氢-4'-脱氧-8'-去甲长春花碱、多西他赛、根霉素、尾海兔素、羟乙基磺酸米伏布林、奥瑞斯他汀、西马多丁、RPR109881、BMS184476、长春氟宁、念珠藻素、2,3,4,5,6-五氟-N-(3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基)苯磺酰胺、脱水长春碱、TDX258、埃博霉素(参见例如美国专利号6,284,781和6,288,237)和BMS188797。在一个实例中,埃博霉素不包括在微管抑制剂/微管稳定剂中。
拓扑异构酶抑制剂的一些实例是拓扑替康、海卡塔胺(hycaptamine)、伊立替康、伊立替康、鲁比替康、6-乙氧基丙酰基-3’,4’-O-外-亚苄基-教酒菌素、9-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基-5-硝基吡唑并[3,4,5-kl]吖啶-2-(6H)丙胺、1-氨基-9-乙基-5-氟-2,3-二氢-9-羟基-4-甲基-1H,12H-苯并[de]吡喃并[3’,4’:b,7]-吲哚嗪并[1,2b]喹啉-10,13(9H,15H)二酮、勒托替康、7-[2-(N-异丙基氨基)乙基]-(20S)喜树碱、BNP1350、BNPI1100、BN80915、BN80942、磷酸依托泊苷、替尼泊苷、索布佐生、2’-二甲基氨基-2’-脱氧-依托泊苷、GL331、N-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-9-羟基-5,6-二甲基-6H-吡啶并[4,3-b]咔唑-1-甲酰胺、奥沙那宁(asulacrine)、(5a,5aB,8aa,9b)-9-[2-[N-[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]-N-甲基氨基]乙基]-5-[4-羟基-3,5-二甲氧基苯基]-5,5a,6,8,8a,9-六氢呋喃并(3’,4’:6,7)萘并(2,3-d)-1,3-二氧杂环戊二烯-6-酮、2,3-(亚甲基二氧基)-5-甲基-7-羟基-8-甲氧基苯并[c]-菲啶鎓、6,9-双[(2-氨基乙基)氨基]苯并[g]异喹啉-5,10-二酮、5-(3-氨基丙基氨基)-7,10-二羟基-2-(2-羟乙基氨基甲基)-6H-吡唑并[4,5,1-de]吖啶-6-酮、N-[1-[2(二乙基氨基)乙基氨基]-7-甲氧基-9-氧代基-9H-噻吨-4-基甲基]甲酰胺、N-(2-(二甲基氨基)乙基)吖啶-4-甲酰胺、6-[[2-(二甲基氨基)乙基]氨基]-3-羟基-7H-茚并[2,1-c]喹啉-7-酮以及地美司钠(dimesna)。
有丝分裂驱动蛋白、并且特别是人有丝分裂驱动蛋白KSP的抑制剂的实例描述于公布WO03/039460、WO03/050064、WO03/050122、WO03/049527、WO03/049679、WO03/049678、WO04/039774、WO03/079973、WO03/099211、WO03/105855、WO03/106417、WO04/037171、WO04/058148、WO04/058700、WO04/126699、WO05/018638、WO05/019206、WO05/019205、WO05/018547、WO05/017190、US2005/0176776中。在一个实例中,有丝分裂驱动蛋白的抑制剂包括但不限于KSP的抑制剂、MKLP1的抑制剂、CENP-E的抑制剂、MCAK的抑制剂和Rab6-KIFL的抑制剂。
“组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂”的实例包括但不限于SAHA、TSA、奥克氟汀(oxamflatin)、PXD101、MG98和斯瑞普肽(scriptaid)。其它组蛋白脱乙酰酶抑制剂的进一步参考可在以下手稿中找到;Miller,T.A.等人J.Med.Chem.46(24):5097-5116(2003)。
“参与有丝分裂进程的激酶的抑制剂”包括但不限于极光激酶的抑制剂、Polo样激酶的抑制剂(PLK;特别是PLK-1的抑制剂)、bub-1的抑制剂和bub-R1的抑制剂。“极光激酶抑制剂”的一个实例是VX-680(托扎舍替(tozasertib))。
“抗增殖剂”包括反义RNA和DNA寡核苷酸如G3139、ODN698、GEM231和INX3001,以及抗代谢药如依诺他滨、卡莫氟、喃氟啶、喷司他丁、去氧氟尿苷、三甲曲沙、氟达拉滨、卡培他滨、加洛他滨、阿糖胞苷烷磷酯(cytarabine ocfosfate)、水合福斯替滨钠(fosteabinesodium hydrate)、雷替曲塞、帕替曲塞(paltitrexid)、乙嘧替氟(emitefur)、噻唑呋林(tiazofurin)、地西他滨、诺拉曲塞、培美曲塞、奈拉滨、2'-脱氧-2'-亚甲基胞苷、2'-氟亚甲基-2'-脱氧胞苷、N-[5-(2,3-二氢-苯并呋喃基)磺酰基]-N'-(3,4-二氯苯基)脲、N6-[4-脱氧-4-[N2-[2(E),4(E)-十四二烯酰基]甘氨酰基氨基]-L-甘油基-B-L-甘露-吡喃庚糖基]腺嘌呤、阿普立定(aplidine)、海鞘素、曲沙他滨、4-[2-氨基-4-氧代基-4,6,7,8-四氢-3H-嘧啶基[5,4-b][1,4]噻嗪-6-基-(S)-乙基]-2,5-噻吩酰基-L-谷氨酸、氨基蝶呤、5-氟尿嘧啶、阿拉诺新(alanosine)、11-乙酰基-8-(氨基甲酰基氧基甲基)-4-甲酰基-6-甲氧基-14-氧杂-1,11-二氮杂四环(7.4.1.0.0)-十四-2,4,6-三烯-9-基乙酸酯、苦马豆素(swainsonine)、洛美曲索、右雷佐生、甲硫氨酸酶、2'-氰基-2'-脱氧-N4-棕榈酰基-1-B-D-阿拉伯糖呋喃糖基胞嘧啶、3-氨基吡啶-2-甲醛缩氨基硫脲和曲妥珠单抗。
单克隆抗体靶向治疗剂的实例包括具有与癌细胞特异性或靶细胞特异性单克隆抗体连接的细胞毒性剂或放射性同位素的那些治疗剂。实例包括百克沙(Bexxar)。
“HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂”是指3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰基-CoA还原酶的抑制剂。可使用的HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于洛伐他汀(参见美国专利号4,231,938、4,294,926和4,319,039)、辛伐他汀(参见美国专利号4,444,784、4,820,850和4,916,239)、普伐他汀(参见美国专利号4,346,227、4,537,859、4,410,629、5,030,447和5,180,589)、氟伐他汀(参见美国专利号5,354,772、4,911,165、4,929,437、5,189,164、5,118,853、5,290,946和5,356,896)、阿托伐他汀(参见美国专利号5,273,995、4,681,893、5,489,691和5,342,952)、瑞舒伐他汀(美国再颁布专利RE37,314)和西立伐他汀(还称为雷伐它汀(rivastatin)和参见美国专利号5,177,080)。可用于本发明方法中的这些和其它HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的结构式描述于M.Yalpani,"Cholesterol LoweringDrugs",Chemistry&Industry,第85-89页(1996年2月5日)的第87页以及美国专利号4,782,084和4,885,314中。如本文所用的术语HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂包括所有药学上可接受的内酯和开环酸(open-acid)形式(即,其中内酯环被打开以形成游离酸)以及具有HMG-CoA还原酶抑制活性的化合物的盐和酯形式,并且因此此类盐、酯、开环酸和内酯形式的使用包括在本发明的范围内。
“异戊二烯基-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂”是指抑制异戊二烯基-蛋白质转移酶,包括法呢基-蛋白质转移酶(FPTase)、香叶基香叶基-蛋白质转移酶I型(GGPTase-I)和香叶基香叶基-蛋白质转移酶II型(GGPTase-II,也称为RabGGPTase)中的任一者或任何组合的化合物。有关异戊二烯基-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂对血管生成的作用的实例,参见European J.ofCancer,第35卷,第9期,第1394-1401页(1999)。
“血管生成抑制剂”是指抑制新血管形成的化合物,无论其机制如何。血管生成抑制剂的实例包括但不限于酪氨酸激酶抑制剂如酪氨酸激酶受体Flt-1(VEGFR1)和Flk-1/KDR(VEGFR2)的抑制剂;表皮来源的、成纤维细胞来源的或血小板来源的生长因子的抑制剂;MMP(基质金属蛋白酶)抑制剂;整联蛋白阻断剂;干扰素-α;白细胞介素-12;戊聚糖多硫酸酯;环氧合酶抑制剂,包括非类固醇抗炎药(NSAID)如阿司匹林和布洛芬,以及选择性环氧合酶-2抑制剂,如塞来昔布和罗非昔布(PNAS,第89卷,第7384页(1992);JNCI,第69卷,第475页(1982);Arch.Opthalmol.,第108卷,第573页(1990);Anat.Rec.,第238卷,第68页(1994);FEBS Letters,第372卷,第83页(1995);Clin,Orthop.第313卷,第76页(1995);J.Mol.Endocrinol.,第16卷,第107页(1996);Jpn.J.Pharmacol.,第75卷,第105页(1997);Cancer Res.,第57卷,第1625页(1997);Cell,第93卷,第705页(1998);Intl.J.Mol.Med.,第2卷,第715页(1998);J.Biol.Chem.,第274卷,第9116卷(1999));类固醇抗炎药(如皮质类固醇、盐皮质激素、地塞米松、泼尼松、泼尼松龙、甲泼尼龙、倍他米松);羧胺三唑;考布他汀A-4;角鲨胺;6-O-氯乙酰基-羰基)-烟曲霉醇;沙利度胺;血管抑制素;肌钙蛋白-1;血管紧张素II拮抗剂(参见Fernandez等人,J.Lab.Clin.Med.105:141-145(1985))以及针对VEGF的抗体(参见Nature Biotechnology,第17卷,第963-968页(1999年10月);Kim等人,Nature,362,841-844(1993);WO 00/44777;和WO 00/61186)。
调节或抑制血管生成并且也可与本发明的化合物组合使用的其它治疗剂包括调节或抑制凝血和纤维蛋白溶解系统的剂(参见Clin.Chem.La.Med.38:679-692(2000)中的综述)。此类调节或抑制凝血和纤维蛋白溶解途径的剂的实例包括但不限于肝素(参见Thromb.Haemost.80:10-23(1998))、低分子量肝素和羧肽酶U抑制剂(也称为活性凝血酶可激活纤维蛋白溶解抑制剂[TAFIa]的抑制剂)(参见Thrombosis Res.101:329-354(2001))。TAFIa抑制剂已在美国序列号60/310,927(2001年8月8日提交)和60/349,925(2002年1月18日提交)中进行了描述。
“干扰细胞周期检查点的剂”是指抑制转导细胞周期检查点信号的蛋白激酶、从而使癌细胞对DNA损伤剂敏感的化合物。此类剂包括ATR、ATM、CHK1和CHK2激酶的抑制剂以及cdk和cdc激酶抑制剂,并且具体地由7-羟基星形孢菌素、夫拉平度(flavopiridol)、CYC202(Cyclacel)和BMS-387032例示。
“干扰受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的剂”是指抑制RTK、且因此抑制参与肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展的机制的化合物。此类剂包括c-Kit、Eph、PDGF、Flt3和c-Met的抑制剂。其它剂包括如由Bume-Jensen和Hunter,Nature,411:355-365,2001描述的RTK的抑制剂。
“细胞增殖和存活信号传导途径的抑制剂”是指抑制细胞表面受体下游的信号转导级联的化合物。此类剂包括丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的抑制剂(包括但不限于诸如WO 02/083064、WO 02/083139、WO 02/083140、US 2004-0116432、WO 02/083138、US 2004/0102360、WO 03/086404、WO 03/086279、WO 03/086394、WO 03/084473、WO 03/086403、WO2004/041162、WO 2004/096131、WO 2004/096129、WO 2004/096135、WO 2004/096130、WO2005/100356、WO 2005/100344、US 7,454,431、US 7,589,068中描述的Akt的抑制剂)、Raf激酶的抑制剂(例如BAY-43-9006)、MEK的抑制剂(例如CI-1040和PD-098059)、mTOR的抑制剂(例如WyethCCI-779)和PI3K的抑制剂(例如LY294002)。
如上所述,与NSAID的组合涉及使用作为有效COX-2抑制剂的NSAID。出于本说明书的目的,如果如通过细胞或微粒体测定所测量,NSAID对于抑制COX-2具有的IC50为1μM或更低,则所述NSAID是有效的。
本发明还涵盖与作为选择性COX-2抑制剂的NSAID的组合。出于本说明书的目的,作为COX-2选择性抑制剂的NSAID被定义为如通过由细胞或微粒体测定评估的COX-2的IC50相对于COX-1的IC50的比率所测量,相对于抑制COX-1,抑制COX-2的特异性为至少100倍的那些抑制剂。此类化合物包括但不限于美国专利5,474,995、美国专利5,861,419、美国专利6,001,843、美国专利6,020,343、美国专利5,409,944、美国专利5,436,265、美国专利5,536,752、美国专利5,550,142、美国专利5,604,260、U.S.5,698,584、美国专利5,710,140、WO 94/15932、美国专利5,344,991、美国专利5,134,142、美国专利5,380,738、美国专利5,393,790、美国专利5,466,823、美国专利5,633,272和美国专利5,932,598中公开的那些,(所述专利全部特此以引用的方式并入。
在本发明的治疗方法中特别有用的COX-2抑制剂是:3-苯基-4-(4-(甲基磺酰基)苯基)-2-(5H)-呋喃酮;和5-氯-3-(4-甲基磺酰基)-苯基-2-(2-甲基-5-吡啶基)吡啶;或其药学上可接受的盐。
血管生成抑制剂的其它实例包括但不限于内皮抑素、ukrain、豹蛙酶(ranpirnase)、IM862、5-甲氧基-4-[2-甲基-3-(3-甲基-2-丁烯基)环氧乙烷基]-1-氧杂螺[2,5]辛-6-基(氯乙酰基)氨基甲酸酯、乙酰地那林(acetyldinanaline)、5-氨基-1-[[3,5-二氯-4-(4-氯苯甲酰基)苯基]甲基]-1H-1,2,3-三唑-4-甲酰胺、CM101、角鲨胺、考布他汀(combretastatin)、RPI4610、NX31838、磷酸化磷酸甘露戊糖、7,7-(羰基-双[亚氨基-N-甲基-4,2-吡咯并羰基亚氨基[N-甲基-4,2-吡咯]-羰基亚氨基]-双-(1,3-萘二磺酸酯)和3-[(2,4-二甲基吡咯-5-基)亚甲基]-2-吲哚酮(SU5416)或其药学上可接受的盐。
如上所述,“整联蛋白阻断剂”是指选择性地拮抗、抑制或抵抗生理配体与αvβ3整联蛋白的结合的化合物;选择性地拮抗、抑制或抵抗生理配体与αvβ5整联蛋白的结合的化合物;拮抗、抑制或抵抗生理配体与αvβ3整联蛋白和αvβ5整联蛋白两者的结合的化合物;以及拮抗、抑制或抵抗在毛细血管内皮细胞上表达的特定整联蛋白的活性的化合物。所述术语还指αvβ6、αvβ8、α1β1、α2β1、α5β1、α6β1和α6β4整联蛋白的拮抗剂。所述术语还指αvβ3、αvβ5、αvβ6、αvβ8、α1β1、α2β1、α5β1、α6β1和α6β4整联蛋白的任何组合的拮抗剂。
酪氨酸激酶抑制剂的一些具体实例包括N-(三氟甲基苯基)-5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酰胺、3-[(2,4-二甲基吡咯-5-基)甲基茚基)吲哚啉-2-酮、17-(烯丙基氨基)-17-脱甲氧基格尔德霉素、4-(3-氯-4-氟苯基氨基)-7-甲氧基-6-[3-(4-吗啉基)丙氧基]喹唑啉、N-(3-乙炔基苯基)-6,7-双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)-4-喹唑啉胺、BIBX1382、2,3,9,10,11,12-六氢-10-(羟甲基)-10-羟基-9-甲基-9,12-环氧基-1H-二吲哚并[1,2,3-fg:3’,2’,1’-kl]吡咯并[3,4-i][1,6]苯并二吖辛因-1-酮、SH268、金雀异黄素、STI571、CEP2563、4-(3-氯苯基氨基)-5,6-二甲基-7H-吡咯并[2,3-d]嘧啶甲磺酸酯、4-(3-溴-4-羟苯基)氨基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉,4-(4'-羟苯基)氨基-6,7-二甲氧基喹唑啉、SU6668、STI571A、N-4-氯苯基-4-(4-吡啶基甲基)-1-酞嗪胺和EMD121974或其药学上可接受的盐。
与除抗癌化合物以外的化合物的组合也涵盖于本发明的方法中。例如,本发明要求保护的化合物与PPAR-γ(即PPAR-γ)激动剂和PPAR-δ(即,PPAR-δ)激动剂的组合可用于治疗某些恶性肿瘤。PPAR-γ和PPAR-δ是核过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体γ和δ。已有文献报告了PPAR-γ在内皮细胞上的表达及其参与血管生成(参见J.Cardiovasc.Pharmacol.1998;31:909-913;J.Biol.Chem.1999;274:9116-9121;Invest.Ophthalmol Vis.Sci.2000;41:2309-2317)。最近,已显示PPAR-γ激动剂可在体外抑制对VEGF的血管生成反应;曲格列酮和马来酸罗格列酮两者均抑制小鼠中视网膜新生血管的形成的发展(Arch.Ophthamol.2001;119:709-717)。PPAR-γ激动剂和PPAR-γ/α激动剂的实例包括但不限于噻唑烷二酮类(如DRF2725、CS-011、曲格列酮、罗格列酮和吡格列酮)、非诺贝特、吉非贝齐、氯贝丁酯、GW2570、SB219994、AR-H039242、JTT-501、MCC-555、GW2331、GW409544、NN2344、KRP297、NP0110、DRF4158、NN622、GI262570、PNU182716、DRF552926、2-[(5,7-二丙基-3-三氟甲基-1,2-苯并异噁唑-6-基)氧基]-2-甲基丙酸(在USSN 09/782,856中公开)和2(R)-7-(3-(2-氯-4-(4-氟苯氧基)苯氧基)丙氧基)-2-乙基色满-2-甲酸(在USSN 60/235,708和60/244,697中公开)或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的另一个实例是本发明公开的化合物与基因疗法组合用于治疗癌症的用途。关于治疗癌症的遗传策略的概述,参见Hall等人,(Am.J.Hum.Genet.61:785-789,1997)和Kufe等人,(Cancer Medicine,第5版,第876-889页,BC Decker,Hamilton 2000)。基因疗法可用于递送任何肿瘤抑制基因。此类基因的实例包括但不限于p53,其可通过重组病毒介导的基因转移递送(例如,参见美国专利号6,069,134);uPA/uPAR拮抗剂("Adenovirus-Mediated Delivery of a uPA/uPAR Antagonist Suppresses Angiogenesis-DependentTumor Growth and Dissemination in Mice,"Gene Therapy,1998年8月;5(8):1105-13)和干扰素γ(J.Immunol.2000;164:217-222)。
本发明化合物还可与内在多药耐药性(MDR)、特别是与转运蛋白的高水平表达相关的MDR的抑制剂组合施用。此类MDR抑制剂包括p-糖蛋白(P-gp)抑制剂,如LY335979、XR9576、OC144-093、R101922、VX853和PSC833(伐司朴达(valspodar))或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明的化合物可与止吐剂结合使用以治疗恶心或呕吐,包括急性、延迟性、晚期和预期性呕吐,所述恶心或呕吐可能是由本发明的化合物单独或与放射疗法一起使用引起的。为了预防或治疗呕吐,本发明化合物可与以下药物联合使用:其它止吐剂,尤其是神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂;5HT3受体拮抗剂,如昂丹司琼、格拉司琼、托烷司琼和扎托司琼;GABAB受体激动剂,如巴氯芬;皮质类固醇,如地卡特隆(Decadron)(地塞米松)、丙酮化去炎松(Kenalog)、曲安缩松(Aristocort)、氟尼缩松(Nasalide)、布地奈德(Preferid)、苯曲安奈德(Benecorten)或其它,如公开于美国专利号2,789,118、2,990,401、3,048,581、3,126,375、3,929,768、3,996,359、3,928,326和3,749,712中;抗多巴胺能药,如吩噻嗪类(如丙氯拉嗪、氟奋乃静、硫利达嗪和美索达嗪)、甲氧氯普胺或屈大麻酚。在另一个实例中,公开了使用选自神经激肽-1受体拮抗剂、5HT3受体拮抗剂和皮质类固醇的止吐剂的联合疗法用于治疗或预防施用本发明化合物后可能导致的呕吐。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐还可与可用于治疗贫血的剂一起施用。这种贫血治疗剂例如是连续红细胞生成受体激活剂(如阿法依泊汀(epoetin alfa))。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐还可与可用于治疗嗜中性粒细胞减少症的剂一起施用。这种嗜中性粒细胞减少症治疗剂例如是调控嗜中性粒细胞的产生和功能的造血生长因子,如人粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)。G-CSF的实例包括非格司亭。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐还可与免疫增强药物如左旋咪唑、异丙肌苷和日达仙(Zadaxin)或其药学上可接受的盐一起施用。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐还可与P450抑制剂组合用于治疗或预防癌症,所述P450抑制剂包括:生物异源物质(xenobiotics)、奎尼丁、酪胺、酮康唑、睾酮、奎宁、美替拉酮(methyrapone)、咖啡因、苯乙肼、阿霉素、醋竹桃霉素(troleandomycin)、环苯扎林、红霉素、可卡因、呋拉茶碱(furafyline)、西咪替丁、右美沙芬、利托那韦、茚地那韦、安普那韦、地尔硫卓、特非那定、维拉帕米、皮质醇、伊曲康唑、米贝拉地尔、奈法唑酮和奈非那韦或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐还可与Pgp和/或BCRP抑制剂组合用于治疗或预防癌症,所述Pgp和/或BCRP抑制剂包括:环孢菌素A、PSC833、GF120918、cremophorEL、烟曲酶毒素(fumitremorgin)C、Ko132、Ko134、易瑞沙(Iressa)、甲磺酸伊马替尼、EKI-785、Cl1033、新生霉素、己烯雌酚、他莫昔芬、利血平(resperpine)、VX-710、泰普他汀(tryprostatin)A、黄酮类化合物、利托那韦、沙奎那韦、奈非那韦、奥美拉唑、奎尼丁、维拉帕米、特非那定、酮康唑、硝苯地平、FK506、胺碘酮、XR9576、茚地那韦、安普那韦、皮质醇、睾酮、LY335979、OC144-093、红霉素、长春新碱、地高辛和他利洛尔或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可与双膦酸盐类(理解为包括双膦酸盐类、二膦酸盐类、双膦酸类和二膦酸类)组合用于治疗或预防癌症,包括骨癌。双膦酸盐类的实例包括但不限于:依替膦酸盐(Didronel)、帕米膦酸盐(Aredia)、阿仑膦酸盐(Fosamax)、利塞膦酸盐(Actonel)、唑来膦酸盐(Zometa)、伊班膦酸盐(Boniva)、伊卡膦酸盐或英卡膦酸盐、氯膦酸盐、EB-1053、米诺膦酸盐、奈立膦酸盐、吡膦酸盐(piridronate)和替鲁膦酸盐,包括其任何和所有药学上可接受的盐、衍生物、水合物和混合物。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可与芳香酶抑制剂组合用于治疗或预防乳腺癌。芳香酶抑制剂的实例包括但不限于:阿那曲唑、来曲唑和依西美坦或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可与siRNA治疗剂组合用于治疗或预防癌症。
本发明化合物也可与γ-分泌酶抑制剂和/或NOTCH信号传导抑制剂组合施用。此类抑制剂包括描述于WO 01/90084、WO 02/30912、WO 01/70677、WO 03/013506、WO 02/36555、WO 03/093252、WO 03/093264、WO 03/093251、WO 03/093253、WO 2004/039800、WO2004/039370、WO 2005/030731、WO 2005/014553、USSN 10/957,251、WO 2004/089911、WO02/081435、WO 02/081433、WO 03/018543、WO 2004/031137、WO 2004/031139、WO 2004/031138、WO 2004/101538、WO 2004/101539和WO 02/47671中的化合物(包括LY-450139)或其药学上可接受的盐。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可与PARP抑制剂组合用于治疗或预防癌症。
本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐也可与以下治疗剂组合用于治疗癌症:派姆单抗阿巴瑞克(Plenaxis);阿地白介素阿地白介素阿仑单抗阿利维A酸别嘌呤醇六甲蜜胺氨磷汀阿那曲唑三氧化二砷天冬酰胺酶阿扎胞苷贝伐单抗(bevacuzimab)贝沙罗汀胶囊贝沙罗汀凝胶博来霉素硼替佐米静脉剂型白消安口服白消安卡普睾酮卡培他滨卡铂卡莫司汀 卡莫司汀卡莫司汀与聚苯丙生20植入剂(Gliadel);塞来昔布西妥昔单抗苯丁酸氮芥顺铂克拉屈滨氯法拉滨环磷酰胺环磷酰胺(Cytoxan);环磷酰胺(Cytoxan);阿糖胞苷阿糖胞苷脂质体达卡巴嗪更生霉素,放线菌素D阿法达贝泊汀道诺霉素脂质体道诺霉素,柔红霉素道诺霉素,柔红霉素地尼白介素-毒素连接物(Denileukin diftitox)右雷佐生多西他赛阿霉素(Adriamycin);阿霉素阿霉素(Adriamycin PFS);阿霉素脂质体丙酸屈他雄酮丙酸屈他雄酮(Masterone);埃利奥特B溶液(Elliott's B Solution)(Elliott's B);表柔比星阿法依泊汀埃罗替尼雌莫司汀磷酸依托泊苷依托泊苷,VP-16依西美坦非格司亭氟尿苷(动脉内)氟达拉滨氟尿嘧啶,5-FU氟维司群吉非替尼吉西他滨吉妥珠单抗奥佐米星醋酸戈舍瑞林(Zoladex);醋酸戈舍瑞林醋酸组氨瑞林(Histrelin);羟基脲替伊莫单抗伊达比星异环磷酰胺甲磺酸伊马替尼干扰素α-2a干扰素α-2b(Intron);伊立替康来那度胺来曲唑亚叶酸醋酸亮丙瑞林左旋咪唑洛莫司汀,CCNU二氯甲基二乙胺,氮芥醋酸甲地孕酮美法仑,L-PAM巯基嘌呤,6-MP美司钠美司钠(Mesnex);甲氨蝶呤甲氧沙林丝裂霉素C米托坦米托蒽醌苯丙酸诺龙奈拉滨诺非单抗(Nofetumomab)奥普瑞白介素奥沙利铂紫杉醇紫杉醇紫杉醇蛋白结合颗粒帕利夫明帕米膦酸盐(pamidronate)培加酶(Adagen);培门冬酶培非格司亭培美曲塞二钠喷司他丁哌泊溴烷普卡霉素,光神霉素卟吩姆钠丙卡巴肼奎纳克林拉布立酶利妥昔单抗地磷莫司;沙格司亭沙格司亭索拉非尼链脲菌素马来酸舒尼替尼滑石他莫昔芬替莫唑胺替尼泊苷,VM-26睾内酯硫鸟嘌呤,6-TG噻替派拓扑替康托瑞米芬托西莫单抗托西莫单抗/I-131托西莫单抗曲妥珠单抗维甲酸,ATRA尿嘧啶氮芥(Uracil Mustard);戊柔比星长春碱长春新碱长春瑞滨伏立诺他和唑来膦酸盐或其药学上可接受的盐。
在一个实例中,用作第二化合物的血管生成抑制剂选自酪氨酸激酶抑制剂、表皮来源的生长因子的抑制剂、成纤维细胞来源的生长因子的抑制剂、血小板来源的生长因子的抑制剂、MMP(基质金属蛋白酶)抑制剂、整联蛋白阻断剂、干扰素-α、白细胞介素-12、戊聚糖多硫酸酯、环氧合酶抑制剂、羧胺三唑、考布他汀A-4、角鲨胺、6-O-氯乙酰基-羰基)-烟曲霉醇、沙利度胺、血管抑制素、肌钙蛋白-1或针对VEGF的抗体。在一个实例中,雌激素受体调节剂是他莫昔芬或雷洛昔芬,或其药学上可接受的盐。
因此,本发明的范围涵盖本发明要求保护的化合物与选自以下的第二化合物的组合的用途:雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、类视黄醇受体调节剂、细胞毒性/细胞生长抑制剂、抗增殖剂、异戊二烯基-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂、血管生成剂抑制剂、PPAR-γ激动剂、PPAR-δ激动剂、内在多药耐药性的抑制剂、止吐剂、可用于治疗贫血的剂、可用于治疗嗜中性粒细胞减少症的剂、免疫增强药物、细胞增殖和存活信号传导的抑制剂、双膦酸盐、芳香酶抑制剂、siRNA治疗剂、γ-分泌酶和/或NOTCH抑制剂、干扰受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的剂、干扰细胞周期检查点的剂以及上文列出的任何治疗剂。
权利要求的范围中还包括一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,与放射疗法组合和/或与选自以下的第二化合物组合:雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、类视黄醇受体调节剂、细胞毒性细胞生长抑制剂、抗增殖剂、异戊二烯基-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂、血管生成剂抑制剂、PPAR-γ激动剂、PPAR-δ激动剂、内在多药耐药性的抑制剂、止吐剂、可用于治疗贫血的剂、可用于治疗嗜中性粒细胞减少症的剂、免疫增强药物、细胞增殖和存活信号传导的抑制剂、双膦酸盐、芳香酶抑制剂、siRNA治疗剂、γ-分泌酶和/或NOTCH抑制剂、干扰受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的剂、干扰细胞周期检查点的剂以及上文列出的任何治疗剂。
本发明的又一个实例是一种治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,与紫杉醇或曲妥珠单抗组合。
本发明进一步涵盖一种治疗或预防癌症的方法,所述方法包括施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐,与COX-2抑制剂或其药学上可接受的盐组合。
本文公开的治疗组合可与一种或多种其它活性剂,包括但不限于用于预防、治疗、控制、改善特定疾病或疾患(例如,细胞增殖病症)或降低所述疾病或疾患的风险的其它抗癌剂组合使用。在一个实施方案中,本文公开的化合物与一种或多种其它抗癌剂组合用于预防、治疗、控制、改善本文公开的化合物对其有用的特定疾病或疾患或降低所述疾病或疾患的风险。此类其它活性剂可通过通常用于其的途径和量在本公开的化合物之前、与本公开的化合物同时或依序施用。
本发明还包括可用于治疗或预防癌症的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含治疗有效量的本发明化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及选自以下的第二化合物:雌激素受体调节剂、雄激素受体调节剂、类视黄醇受体调节剂、细胞毒性/细胞生长抑制剂、抗增殖剂、异戊二烯基-蛋白质转移酶抑制剂、HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂、HIV蛋白酶抑制剂、逆转录酶抑制剂、血管生成剂抑制剂、PPAR-γ激动剂、PPAR-δ激动剂、细胞增殖和存活信号传导的抑制剂、双膦酸盐、芳香酶抑制剂、siRNA治疗剂、γ-分泌酶和/或NOTCH抑制剂、干扰受体酪氨酸激酶(RTK)的剂、干扰细胞周期检查点的剂以及上文列出的任何治疗剂。
本发明包括本文公开的化合物以及药学上可接受的盐,以及还有当它们用作游离化合物或其药学上可接受的盐的前体或用于其它合成操作时不是药学上可接受的盐。
本发明化合物可以药学上可接受的盐形式施用。术语“药学上可接受的盐”是指由药学上可接受的无毒碱或酸(包括无机或有机碱以及无机或有机酸)制备的盐。涵盖于术语“药学上可接受的盐”内的碱性化合物的盐是指本发明化合物的无毒盐,所述盐通常通过使游离碱与合适的有机或无机酸反应来制备。本发明的碱性化合物的代表性盐包括但不限于以下:乙酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯磺酸盐、苯甲酸盐、碳酸氢盐、硫酸氢盐、酒石酸氢盐、硼酸盐、溴化物、4-溴苯磺酸盐、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、右旋樟脑磺酸、碳酸盐、氯化物、克拉维酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环己基酰胺基磺酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二乙基乙酸、二葡糖酸盐、二盐酸盐、十二烷基氨基磺酸盐、依地酸盐、乙二磺酸盐、丙酸酯十二烷基硫酸盐(estolate)、乙磺酸盐(esylate)、乙磺酸盐(ethanesulfonate)、甲酸、富马酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐(gluceptate)、葡庚糖酸盐(glucoheptanoate)、葡糖酸盐、葡糖醛酸盐(glucuonate)、谷氨酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、对羟乙酰氨基苯胂酸盐(glycollylarsanilate)、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、己基间苯二酚盐(hexylresorcinate)、哈胺(hydrabamine)、氢溴酸盐、盐酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、羟基萘酸盐、碘化物、异烟酸、异硫代硫酸盐(isothionate)、乳酸盐、乳糖醛酸盐、月桂酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、扁桃酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基溴化物、甲基硝酸盐、甲基硫酸盐、甲磺酸盐、粘酸盐、2-萘磺酸盐、萘磺酸盐(napsylate)、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、N-甲基葡糖胺铵盐、油酸盐、草酸盐、双羟萘酸盐(恩波酸盐(embonate))、棕榈酸盐、泛酸盐、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐、磷酸盐/二磷酸盐、庚二酸盐、苯丙酸盐、聚半乳糖醛酸盐、丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、碱式乙酸盐、琥珀酸盐、单宁酸盐、酒石酸盐、氯茶碱盐(teoclate)、硫氰酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐、三乙基碘化物、三氟乙酸盐、三氟甲基磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、十一酸盐、戊酸盐等。
此外,当本发明的化合物带有酸性部分时,其合适的药学上可接受的盐包括但不限于衍生自无机碱的盐,所述无机碱包括铝、铵、钙、铜、铁、亚铁、锂、镁、锰、二价锰、钾、钠、锌等。特别优选的是铵盐、钙盐、镁盐、钾盐和钠盐。
本文公开的化合物与碱性试剂如氢氧化物、碳酸盐、碳酸氢盐、醇盐和氨、有机碱或可替代地碱性氨基酸形成稳定的碱金属盐、碱土金属盐或任选取代的铵盐。由药学上可接受的有机无毒碱衍生的盐包括以下盐:伯胺、仲胺和叔胺、环胺、二环己基胺和碱性离子交换树脂如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、胆碱、N,N-二苄基乙二胺、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、还原葡糖胺(glucamine)、葡萄糖胺、组氨酸、哈胺、异丙基胺、赖氨酸、甲基葡糖胺、吗啉、鸟氨酸、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤类、可可碱、三乙醇胺、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺、氨丁三醇(trometamol)、缓血酸胺(tromethamine)等。另外,包括碱性含氮基团可用诸如以下的剂季铵化:低级烷基卤化物,如甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;二烷基硫酸酯,如二甲基、二乙基、二丁基和二戊基的硫酸酯;长链卤化物,如癸基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂基的氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;芳烷基卤化物,如苄基和苯乙基的溴化物;等。
由本文公开的能够形成盐的化合物制备药理学上可接受的盐(包括它们的立体异构体形式)通过已知方法进行,例如,通过以下方式进行:将本发明的化合物与等量的含有所需酸、碱等的溶液混合,然后通过过滤盐或蒸馏出溶剂来收集所需的盐。本发明的化合物及其盐可与溶剂如水、乙醇或甘油形成溶剂合物。根据侧链的取代基的类型,本发明的化合物可同时形成酸加成盐和与碱的盐。
本发明涵盖本文公开的化合物的所有立体异构体形式。当在本发明的结构式中将与手性碳的键描绘成直线时,应理解手性碳的(R)和(S)构型、以及因此两种对映异构体及其混合物涵盖于所述化合物内。类似地,当叙述化合物名称而没有手性碳的手性指定时,应理解所述名称涵盖手性碳的(R)和(S)构型两者,以及因此单独的对映异构体及其混合物。特定立体异构体或其混合物的产生可在获得此类立体异构体或混合物的实施例中鉴定,但这绝不限制将所有立体异构体及其混合物包括在本发明的范围内。
绝对立体化学可通过结晶产物或结晶中间体的X-射线晶体学来确定,所述结晶产物或结晶中间体(如果需要)用含有已知构型的立体中心的试剂衍生化。当本发明的化合物能够互变异构化时,所有单独的互变异构体及其混合物都包括在本发明的范围内。本发明包括所有此类异构体,以及此类异构体和互变异构体及其混合物的盐、溶剂合物(包括水合物)和溶剂化盐。
在本发明的化合物中,原子可表现出它们的天然同位素丰度,或者所述原子中的一个或多个可被人工地富集在具有相同原子序数、但原子质量或质量数不同于主要在自然界中发现的原子质量或质量数的特定同位素中。本发明意在包括具体地和一般地描述的化合物的所有合适的同位素变型。例如,氢(H)的不同同位素形式包括氕(1H)和氘(2H)。氕是自然界中发现的主要氢同位素。富集氘可提供某些治疗优点,如增加体内半衰期或减少剂量需求,或可提供适用作表征生物样品的标准的化合物。同位素富集化合物可通过本领域技术人员熟知的常规技术或通过与本文的一般工艺方案和实施例中描述的那些类似的工艺使用合适的同位素富集试剂和/或中间体来制备而无需过度实验。
此外,本发明的化合物可以非晶形形式和/或一种或多种晶体形式存在,因此本文公开的化合物的所有非晶形和晶体形式及其混合物旨在包括于本发明的范围内。此外,本发明的一些化合物可与水(即,水合物)或常见有机溶剂形成溶剂合物。本发明化合物的此类溶剂合物和水合物,特别是药学上可接受的溶剂合物和水合物,连同非溶剂化和无水形式同样涵盖于本发明的范围内。
本发明包括本文公开的化合物及其盐,特别是此类化合物的药学上可接受的盐、溶剂合物及其溶剂化盐形式,除非另有说明,否则此类形式是可能的。
贯穿本说明书使用烷基的常用缩写,例如甲基可用常规缩写(包括“Me”或CH3)来表示,或作为末端基团的延伸键的符号,例如"",乙基可用“Et”或CH2CH3表示,丙基可用“Pr”或CH2CH2CH3表示,丁基可用“Bu”或CH2CH2CH2CH3表示等。例如,“C1-4烷基”(或“C1-C4烷基”)是指具有指定数目的碳原子的直链或支链烷基,包括所有异构体。例如,结构
具有等效含义。C1-4烷基包括正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基和叔丁基、正丙基和异丙基、乙基和甲基。如果未指定数字,则1-4个碳原子用于直链或支链烷基。
此外,在本发明化合物中存在羧酸(-COOH)或醇基团的情况下,可采用羧酸衍生物的药学上可接受的酯,如甲基、乙基或新戊酰氧基甲基,或醇的酰基衍生物如O-乙酰基、O-新戊酰基、O-苯甲酰基和O-氨基酰基。包括本领域中已知用于改变溶解度或水解特征以用作持续释放或前药制剂的那些酯和酰基。
如果本文公开的化合物在分子中同时含有酸性和碱性基团,则除了所提及的盐形式之外,本发明还包括内盐或甜菜碱(两性离子)。盐可通过本领域技术人员已知的常规方法由本文公开的化合物获得,例如通过在溶剂或分散剂中与有机或无机酸或碱组合,或通过与其它盐进行阴离子交换或阳离子交换。本发明还包括本文公开的化合物的所有盐,所述化合物由于低生理相容性而不直接适用于药物,但可用作例如化学反应的中间体或用于制备生理学上可接受的盐。
本发明还包括本文公开的化合物的衍生物,充当前药和溶剂合物。导致在体内转化为本发明范围内的化合物的本发明化合物的任何药学上可接受的前药修饰也在本发明的范围内。在施用于患者后,前药在体内通过正常的代谢或化学过程(如通过血液中的水解)而转化为本文公开的化合物。此类前药包括表现出增强的生物利用度、组织特异性和/或细胞递送以改善本文公开的化合物的药物吸收的那些。此类前药的作用可能是由于物理化学性质的,如亲脂性、分子量、电荷和其它决定药物的渗透性质的物理化学性质的改变引起。例如,酯可任选地通过可用羧酸基团的酯化或通过在化合物中的可用羟基上形成酯来制备。类似地,可制备不稳定的酰胺。可制备本发明化合物的药学上可接受的酯或酰胺以充当特别是在体内能够水解回成酸(或-COO-,取决于发生转化的流体或组织的pH)或羟基形式的前药,并且因此包括在本发明的范围内。药学上可接受的前药修饰的实例包括但不限于-C1-6烷基酯和被苯基酯取代的-C1-6烷基。
当本文公开的任何成分或方案中的任何变量出现一次以上时,其每次出现时的定义与其在每次另外出现的定义无关。此外,只有当此类组合产生稳定化合物时,取代基和/或变量的组合才是允许的。
除非另有说明,否则术语“卤素”意指氟、氯、溴或碘。
在环原子由诸如“X”的变量表示的情况下,例如,
通过指示位于可变环位置的原子而不描绘与所述原子缔合的环键来定义所述变量。例如,当上述环中的X为氮时,定义将显示“N”,并且不会描绘与其缔合的键,例如,将不会显示“=N-”。同样,当X是被溴取代的碳原子时,定义将显示“C-Br”,并且将不会描述与其缔合的键,例如,将不会显示
本发明还涉及药物,所述药物含有本文公开的那些中的至少一种化合物和/或所述化合物的药学上可接受的盐和所述化合物的任选立体异构体形式或所述化合物的立体异构体形式的药学上可接受的盐、以及药学上可接受的媒介物、载体、添加剂和/或其它活性物质和助剂。
根据本发明的药物可通过口服、吸入、直肠或透皮使用或通过皮下、关节内、腹膜内或静脉内注射施用。口服施用是优选的。用本文公开的化合物涂覆支架和在体内与血液接触的其它表面是可能的。
本发明还涉及用于产生药物的工艺,所述工艺包括使用药学上可接受的载体和任选的其它合适的活性物质、添加剂或助剂将本文公开的至少一种化合物制成合适的施用形式。
合适的固体或盖仑制剂形式是例如颗粒剂、粉末、包衣片剂、片剂、(微)胶囊剂、栓剂、糖浆剂、汁液、悬浮液、乳剂、滴剂或可注射溶液以及具有活性物质的延长释放的制剂,在它们的制备中使用常规赋形剂,如媒介物、崩解剂、粘合剂、包衣剂、溶胀剂、助流剂或润滑剂、调味剂、甜味剂和增溶剂。可提及的常用助剂是碳酸镁、二氧化钛、乳糖、甘露醇和其它糖类、滑石、乳糖、明胶、淀粉、纤维素及其衍生物、动物油和植物油如鱼肝油、向日葵油、花生油或芝麻油、聚乙二醇和溶剂(例如像无菌水和一元或多元醇,如甘油)。
利用所述化合物的给药方案根据多种因素进行选择,所述因素包括患者的类型、物种、年龄、体重、性别和医学疾患;待治疗的疾患的严重程度;施用途径;患者的肾功能和肝功能;以及所采用的特定化合物或其盐。具有普通技能的医师或兽医可容易地确定并开出预防、对抗疾患或阻止疾患的进展所需的药物的有效量。
当用于指定效果时,化合物的口服剂量将在介于约0.01mg/kg体重/天(mg/kg/天)至约30mg/kg/天之间,优选0.025-7.5mg/kg/天,更优选0.1-2.5mg/kg/天,并且最优选0.1-0.5mg/kg/天(除非另有说明,否则活性成分的量是基于游离碱)。例如,80kg的患者将接受介于约0.8mg/天与2.4g/天之间,优选2-600mg/天,更优选8-200mg/天,并且最优选8-40mg/kg/天。因此,每天一次施用的适当制备的药物将含有介于0.8mg与2.4g之间,优选介于2mg与600mg之间,更优选介于8mg与200mg之间,并且最优选介于8mg与40mg之间,例如8mg、10mg、20mg和40mg。有利地,化合物可以每天两次、三次或四次的分次剂量施用。对于每天两次施用,适当制备的药物将含有介于0.4mg与4g之间,优选介于1mg与300mg之间,更优选介于4mg与100mg之间,并且最优选介于4mg与20mg之间,例如4mg、5mg、10mg和20mg。
以静脉内方式,患者将接受足以递送约0.01mg/kg体重/天(mg/kg/天)至约30mg/kg/天、优选0.025-7.5mg/kg/天、更优选0.1-2.5mg/kg/天且甚至更优选0.1-0.5mg/kg/天的量的活性成分。这样的量可以多种合适的方式施用,例如在一段延长的时间段内或每天数次的大量低浓度活性成分,在短时间内(例如一天一次)的少量高浓度活性成分。通常,可制备常规静脉内制剂,所述制剂含有介于约0.01-1.0mg/ml之间(例如0.1mg/ml、0.3mg/ml和0.6mg/ml)浓度的活性成分,并且以每天介于0.01ml/kg患者体重与10.0ml/kg患者体重之间(例如0.1ml/kg、0.2ml/kg、0.5ml/kg)的量施用。在一个实例中,每天两次接受8ml的活性成分浓度为0.5mg/ml的静脉内制剂的80kg的患者每天接受8mg的活性成分。葡糖醛酸、L-乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸或在静脉内施用可接受的pH范围内具有合理缓冲能力的任何药学上可接受的酸/共轭碱可用作缓冲剂。取决于待施用药物的溶解度,选择适当的缓冲剂和制剂的pH由本领域普通技术人员容易地进行。
除了在文献中已知的或在实验程序中举例说明的其它标准操作之外,本发明的化合物可通过采用如以下反应方案中所示的反应来制备。因此,以下说明性反应方案不受所列化合物或出于说明性目的而采用的任何特定取代基的限制。
用于制备本发明化合物的方法
通用方法
本发明的化合物可由已知的化合物或可商购的化合物通过例如公开的文献中描述的已知工艺容易地产生,并且通过下文描述的生产工艺产生。本发明不限于下文描述的生产工艺。本发明还包括用于制备本发明化合物的工艺。
应当注意的是,当本文公开的化合物具有反应性基团如羟基、氨基、羧基或硫醇基作为其取代基时,这种基团可在每个反应步骤中用保护基团充分保护,并且所述保护基团可在后续阶段被除去。保护基团的这种引入和除去的方法可根据待保护的基团和保护基团的类型适当地确定,并且这种引入和除去例如通过在Greene,T.W.,等人,“ProtectiveGroups in Organic Synthesis”,2007,第4版,Wiley,New York;或Kocienski,P.,“Protecting Groups”1994,Thieme的综述部分中描述的方法进行。
应该注意的是,如果化学名称与结构之间存在差异,则结构被理解为占主导地位。
本发明的范围不受意图作为本发明的少数方面的说明的实施例中公开的具体实施方案的限制,并且任何功能上等效的实施方案都在本发明的范围之内。实际上,除了本文中展示和描述的那些实施方案,本发明的各种修改对于相关领域的技术人员而言将变得显而易见,并且意图落入随附权利要求书的范围之内。
使用的所有溶剂都是可商购的并且不经进一步纯化而使用。反应通常在惰性氮气气氛下使用无水溶剂进行。
所使用的起始材料可从商业来源获得,或者根据文献程序制备,并且具有与报告的实验数据一致的实验数据。
所使用的缩写是以下的本领域中常规的那些。
ACN 乙腈
Ar 芳基
Aq. 水溶液
BSA 牛血清白蛋白
Boc 叔丁氧基羰基保护基团
BrettPhos G3 [(2-二-环己基膦基-3,6-二甲氧基-2′,4′,6′-三异丙基-1,1'-联苯基)-2-(2'-氨基-1,1'-联苯基)]钯(II)甲磺酸酯
℃ 摄氏度
CDCl3 氘代氯仿
CD3OD 氘代甲醇
CHCl3 氯仿
Cs2CO3 碳酸铯
DCM 二氯甲烷
DIEA N,N-二异丙基乙胺
DMA N,N-二甲基乙酰胺
DMF N,N-二甲基甲酰胺
DMSO 二甲亚砜
DTT 二硫苏糖醇
EtOAc 乙酸乙酯
EtOH 乙醇
g 克
h 小时
H2 氢
H2O 水
HATU N-[(二甲基氨基)-1H-1,2,3-三唑并-[4,5-b]吡啶-1-基亚甲基]-N-甲基甲铵六氟磷酸盐N-氧化物
HCl 盐酸
HPLC 高效液相色谱
K2CO3 碳酸钾
L 升
LCMS 液相色谱和质谱
LiBr 溴化锂
M 摩尔
MHz 兆赫
MeCN 乙腈
MeOH 甲醇
MS 质谱
MsCl 甲磺酰氯
mmol 毫摩尔
mg 毫克
min 分钟
mL 毫升
N2 氮
NaH 氢化钠
NaHCO3 碳酸氢钠
NaI 碘化钠
NaOH 氢氧化钠
NBS N-溴琥珀酰亚胺
nM 纳摩尔
NMP N-甲基-2-吡咯烷酮
N 正常
NH3H2O 氨水
NH4OH 氢氧化铵
NMR 核磁共振
Pd/C或Pd-C 钯碳
PdCl2(dppf) [1,1-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁]二氯钯(II)
Pet.醚 石油醚
psi 每平方英寸磅数
rt 室温
sat. 饱和的
SM 起始材料
SFC 超临界流体色谱
tBuOK 叔丁醇钾(或t-BuOK)
T3P 丙基膦酸酐
TBAB 四丁基溴化铵
TEA 三乙胺
TFA 三氟乙酸
TfOH 三氟甲磺酸
THF 四氢呋喃
TLC 薄层色谱
Prep.TLC 制备型TLC
TMSCBrF2 (溴二氟甲基)三甲基硅烷
μL 微升
vol 体积
通用合成方案
虽然本发明已结合上述具体实施例进行了描述,但其许多替代方案、修改和变化对于本领域普通技术人员来说将是显而易见的。在一些情况下,可改变进行反应方案的步骤的顺序以促进反应或避免不想要的反应产物。所有此类替代方案、修改和变化都旨在落入本发明的精神和范围内。起始材料和中间体购自商业来源,由已知程序制成,或以其它方式说明。
用于制备本发明化合物的几种方法在以下方案和实施例中进行了描述。除非另外指明,否则所有变量如先前所定义。在所有通用方案中,Ar表示任选取代的芳基或杂芳基部分。
方案1:
在方案1中,可使用标准酰胺偶联条件将任选取代的羟基哌啶1偶联至任选取代的芳基或杂芳基羧酸以得到酰胺2。
R2是氢。
R3是氢。
R9是氢。
方案2:
在方案2中,任选取代的溴吡啶3可在金属催化剂存在下与取代的胺交叉偶联以产生形式4的化合物。
中间体的合成
中间体1:(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇
步骤1:在25℃下向1-苄基哌啶-4-醇(200g,1.05mol)于甲苯(1.6L)中的溶液逐滴添加TEA(175mL,1.25mol)。在0℃下将MsCl(97.1mL,1.25mol)缓慢逐滴添加至混合物。将混合物在25℃下搅拌2小时。将水(750mL)添加至混合物。将有机层用水(2x 400mL)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩,得到甲磺酸1-苄基哌啶-4-基酯,其不经进一步纯化即使用。
步骤2:在25℃下向甲磺酸1-苄基哌啶-4-基酯(280g,1.04mol)于DMA(800mL)中的溶液分批添加t-BuOK(175g,1.56mol)。将混合物在45℃下搅拌8小时。将反应物用水(1.0L)淬灭,并用EtOAc(600mL x 3)萃取混合物。将有机层用盐水(2x 500mL)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩,得到呈固体的1-苄基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶。此材料不经进一步纯化即使用。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28-7.14(m,5H),5.68-5.65(m,1H),5.59-5.55(m,1H),3.50(s,2H),2.91-2.87(m,2H),2.49-2.46(m,2H),2.10-2.06(m,2H)。
步骤3:在25℃下向1-苄基-1,2,3,6-四氢吡啶(160g,924mmol)于水(1.0L)中的溶液逐滴添加TFA(68.4mL,924mmol)。在25℃下向混合物中缓慢分批添加NBS(197g,1.11mol)。将混合物在45℃下搅拌12小时。将25℃的甲苯(1.2L)添加至混合物,然后添加NaOH(240g,6.00mol)于H2O(260mL)中的溶液。将混合物在45℃下搅拌1小时。用EtOAc(1.2Lx 2)萃取水层,并将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 1.0L)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(0%-15%乙酸乙酯/石油醚梯度)纯化,得到呈油状物的3-苄基-7-氧杂-3-氮杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷,其不经进一步纯化即使用。
步骤4:在25℃下向3-苄基-7-氧杂-3-氮杂双环[4.1.0]庚烷(80g,423mmol)于ACN(600mL)中的溶液分批添加LiBr(66.1g,761mmol)。将混合物在30℃下搅拌0.5小时。在25℃下向混合物中缓慢分批添加1,2,3,4-四氢异喹啉(53.1mL,423mmol)。将混合物在30℃下搅拌10小时。向混合物中添加水(250mL)和EtOAc(250mL)。将合并的有机层用盐水(2x 250L)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(60%乙酸乙酯/石油醚梯度)纯化,得到呈油状物的反式-1-苄基-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ7.28-7.21(m,5H),7.10-7.07(m,3H),7.07-6.97(m,1H),3.91-3.87(m,1H),3.72-3.64(m,2H),3.54-3.52(m,2H),3.20-3.15(m,1H),3.03-2.99(m,1H),2.98-2.96(m,1H),2.87-2.84(m,2H),2.61-2.58(m,1H),2.37-2.30(m,1H),1.97-1.96(m,1H),1.89-1.83(m,1H),1.73-1.69(m,1H),1.61-1.55(m,1H)。
步骤5:在N2气氛下将反式-1-苄基-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇(90g,279mmol)于MeOH(800mL)中的溶液添加至含有Pd-C(10%wt;40g)的瓶。将混合物脱气并用H2回填(三次)。将所得混合物在H2(50psi)下在50℃下搅拌6小时。将催化剂过滤,并在减压下浓缩滤液。将残余物通过制备型HPLC(含0.05%氢氧化铵改性剂的水/ACN)纯化,得到呈油状物的反式-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇(中间体1),其可用于后续反应中。MS:233(M+1)。
将反式-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇通过手性SFC(Chiralpak AD-H柱,异丙醇/CO2)纯化,得到呈固体的两种产物:
中间体1(峰1):(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇。 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.10-7.01(m,4H),4.16(br s,1H),3.85-3.71(m,2H),3.48-3.46(m,1H),3.02-2.91(m,1H),2.89-2.88(m,2H),2.79-2.73(m,3H),2.39-2.35(m,2H),2.22-2.19(m,1H),2.0(br s,1H),1.70-1.65(m,1H),1.37-1.30(m,1H)
峰2:(3R,4R)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇。 1H NMR(400MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.15-7.01(m,4H),4.18(br s,1H),3.86-3.72(m,2H),3.49-3.47(m,1H),3.01-2.90(m,1H),2.90-2.89(m,2H),2.80-2.72(m,3H),2.39-2.35(m,2H),2.21-2.20(m,1H),2.0(brs,1H),1.70-1.65(m,1H),1.38-1.31(m,1H)。
中间体2:6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸
步骤1:向5-溴-2-氯嘧啶(200mg,1.03mmol)于THF(5mL)和水(1mL)中的溶液添加三氟(乙烯基)硼酸钾(230mg,1.55mmol)、Cs2CO3(1010mg,3.10mmol)和PdCl2(dppf)(151mg,0.207mmol)。将反应混合物在85℃下在氮气氛下搅拌2小时。将反应物冷却至室温并用水处理。用EtOAc(3x30mL)萃取混合物,并将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(3%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到呈固体的2-氯-5-乙烯基嘧啶。MS:141(M+1)。
步骤2:将四丁基溴化铵(0.193g,0.598mmol)、2-氯-5-乙烯基嘧啶(1.4g,10mmol)和(溴二氟甲基)三甲基硅烷(6.07g,29.9mmol)于甲苯(5mL)中的混合物在110℃下搅拌2小时。在冷却至室温后,将混合物在减压下浓缩,并将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(10/1至5/1v/v石油醚/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得到呈固体的2-氯-5-(2,2-二氟环丙基)嘧啶。MS:191(M+1)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.51(s,2H),2.79–2.60(m,1H),2.08–1.98(m,1H),1.76–1.62(m,1H)。
步骤3:将DIEA(9.6mL,55mmol)、双(4-甲氧基苄基)胺(9.5g,37mmol)和2-氯-5-(2,2-二氟环丙基)嘧啶(3.5g,18mmol)于NMP(70mL)中的混合物在110℃下搅拌12小时。将反应物冷却至室温并用水稀释。用EtOAc(3x50mL)萃取混合物。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(5%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到呈油状物的5-(2,2-二氟环丙基)-N,N-双(4-甲氧基苄基)嘧啶-2-胺。MS:412(M+1)。
步骤4:将5-(2,2-二氟环丙基)-N,N-双(4-甲氧基苄基)嘧啶-2-胺(6.0g,15mmol)于DCM(10mL)、TFA(10mL)和TfOH(0.1mL)中的混合物在室温下搅拌12小时。将混合物在减压下浓缩,并将残余物溶解于水(50mL)中,并用NH3H2O碱化至pH约10。用DCM(3x 50mL)萃取水层,并将合并的有机层用盐水(50mL)洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(100/1至1/3,v/v石油醚/乙酸乙酯)纯化,得到呈固体的5-(2,2-二氟环丙基)嘧啶-2-胺。MS:172(M+1)。
步骤5:将5-(2,2-二氟环丙基)嘧啶-2-胺(1.5g,8.8mmol)和3-溴-2-氧代丙酸乙酯(2.96g,11.4mmol)于二噁烷(20mL)中的混合物在80℃下搅拌2小时。将混合物冷却至室温并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过反相HPLC(含0.1%TFA改性剂的ACN/水)纯化,得到6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸乙酯。将外消旋混合物通过手性SFC(OD柱,20%-30%EtOH/CO2)纯化,得到呈固体的6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸乙酯(异构体1,第一洗脱)。MS:268(M+1)和呈固体的6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸乙酯(异构体2,第二洗脱)。MS:268(M+1)。
步骤6:将6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸乙酯(异构体1,第一洗脱)(180mg,0.674mmol)于HCl(35%于水中,5mL)中的溶液在70℃下搅拌12小时。将混合物冷却至室温,在减压下浓缩,得到呈固体的6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸,其不经进一步纯化即用于下一步骤中。MS:240(M+1)。注意,两种异构体均可通过上述条件水解。
中间体3:6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸
步骤1:向5-溴嘧啶-2-胺(2.0g,12mmol)于THF(15mL)和水(3mL)中的混合物添加K2CO3(4.77g,34.5mmol)、环丙基硼酸(4.94g,57.5mmol)和PdCl2(dppf)(0.841g,1.15mmol)。将混合物脱气并用N2回填(3x),并将反应物在80℃下搅拌12小时。将混合物冷却至室温并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(0%-45%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到呈固体的5-环丙基嘧啶-2-胺。MS:136(M+1)。
步骤2:向5-环丙基嘧啶-2-胺(3.5g,26mmol)于EtOH(50mL)中的混合物添加3-溴-2-氧代丙酸乙酯(6.1g,31mmol)。将混合物在80℃下搅拌16小时。将反应物冷却至室温,并添加TEA(7.2mL,52mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌0.5小时。将混合物在减压下浓缩,并将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(60%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到呈固体的6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸乙酯。MS:232(M+1)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.50(d,J=2.4Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=2.0Hz,1H),8.04(s,1H),4.44(q,J=7.2Hz,2H),2.03-1.87(m,1H),1.42(t,J=7.2Hz,3H),1.12-1.04(m,2H),0.80-0.72(m,2H)。
步骤3:将6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸乙酯(100mg,0.432mmol)于HCl(4M于二噁烷中,2mL)中的混合物在80℃下搅拌3小时。将反应物冷却至室温,并在减压下浓缩,得到呈固体的6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸,其不经纯化即用于下一步骤中。MS:204(M+1)。
中间体4:6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸
步骤1:在0℃下向4-溴嘧啶-2-胺(1g,5.8mmol)和碘化钠(0.086g,0.58mmol)于DMF(20mL)中的混合物添加NaH(0.575g,14.4mmol)。将混合物在0℃下搅拌0.5小时,然后添加1-(氯甲基)-4-甲氧基苯(1.98g,12.6mmol)。将反应物在室温下搅拌30分钟。将混合物用饱和氯化铵水溶液(100mL)淬灭并用EtOAc(100mL)萃取。将有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(10%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到呈油状物的4-溴-N,N-双(4-甲氧基苄基)嘧啶-2-胺。MS:414和416(M+1)。
步骤2:将4-溴-N,N-双(4-甲氧基苄基)嘧啶-2-胺(2g,4.8mmol)、乙基硼酸(1.07g,14.5mmol)、PdCl2(dppf)(0.71g,0.96mmol)和Cs2CO3(3.15g,9.65mmol)于1,4-二噁烷(10mL)和水(10mL)中的混合物在100℃下在N2气氛下搅拌10小时。将混合物冷却至室温并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(10%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到呈油状物的4-乙基-N,N-双(4-甲氧基苄基)嘧啶-2-胺。MS:364(M+1)。1H NMR(500MHz,CDCl3)δ8.29(d,J=5.04Hz,1H),7.30-7.24(m,4H),6.94-6.89(m,4H),6.48(d,J=5.04Hz,1H),4.86(s,4H),3.90-3.84(m,6H),2.77-2.63(m,2H),1.33(t,J=7.63Hz,3H)。
步骤3:将4-乙基-N,N-双(4-甲氧基苄基)嘧啶-2-胺(900mg,2.48mmol)于TFA(5mL)中的混合物在40℃下搅拌12小时。将混合物冷却至室温并用NH3·H2O淬灭至约pH 7。将混合物在减压下浓缩,并将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(30%-60%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到呈固体的4-乙基嘧啶-2-胺。MS:124(M+1)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.17(d,J=4.82Hz,1H),6.50(d,J=5.26Hz,1H),5.04(br s,2H),2.59(q,J=7.75Hz,2H),1.24(t,J=7.67Hz,3H)。
步骤4:向4-乙基嘧啶-2-胺(200mg,1.62mmol)于氯仿(4mL)中的溶液添加NBS(318mg,1.79mmol)。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。将混合物在减压下浓缩,并将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(10%-80%乙酸乙酯/石油醚)纯化,得到呈固体的5-溴-4-乙基嘧啶-2-胺。MS:202和204(M+1)。1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)δ8.22(s,1H),5.00(br s,2H),2.74(q,J=7.45Hz,2H),1.23(t,J=7.67Hz,3H)。
步骤5:向5-溴-4-乙基嘧啶-2-胺(100mg,0.495mmol)于1,4-二噁烷(3mL)中的溶液添加3-溴-2-氧代丙酸(99mg,0.59mmol)。将反应物在80℃下搅拌15分钟。将混合物冷却至室温并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过反相HPLC(含0.1%TFA改性剂的ACN/水)纯化,得到呈固体的6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸。LCSM:270和272(M+1)。
中间体5:(2-溴-5-氟吡啶-4-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮
在0℃下向2-溴-5-氟异烟酸(538mg,2.44mmol)和(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇(568mg,2.44mmol)于DCM(11mL)和DMF(5mL)中的溶液添加DIEA(1.7mL,9.8mmol)和T3P(1.7mL,2.9mmol,50%于DMF中)。将混合物在室温下搅拌1小时。将反应物用饱和NaHCO3水溶液(25mL)淬灭,并用EtOAc(50mL x 2)萃取。将合并的有机层用盐水洗涤,经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(0%-60%于己烷中的3:1EtOAc:EtOH)纯化,得到(2-溴-5-氟吡啶-4-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮。MS:434和436(M+1)。
实施例
以下实验程序详述了本公开的具体实施例的制备。
注意:许多要求保护的化合物在室温下以溶液中的旋转异构体混合物的形式存在,这使它们的1H-NMR光谱学分析复杂化。在这些情况下,峰位移被列为涵盖来自两种旋转异构体的信号的多重峰的范围,而不是描述单个旋转异构体峰。
实施例1:1-{4-[(4-{[(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1- 基]羰基}-5-氟吡啶-2-基)氨基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮
向在氩气氛下的小瓶中装入(2-溴-5-氟吡啶-4-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮(300mg,0.691mmol)、1-(4-氨基哌啶-1-基)乙酮(98mg,0.69mmol)、Cs2CO3(675mg,2.07mmol)和THF(4.6mL)。将混合物用氩气吹扫10分钟。添加Brett Phos预催化剂G3(63mg,0.069mmol),并将混合物用氩气进一步吹扫10分钟。将反应物在45℃下搅拌18小时。将混合物过滤,用水稀释,并用EtOAc(2x)萃取水层。将合并的有机层经无水硫酸钠干燥,过滤,并在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过二氧化硅上柱色谱法(0%-100%于己烷中的3:1EtOAc:EtOH)纯化,得到呈固体的1-{4-[(4-{[(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基]羰基}-5-氟吡啶-2-基)氨基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮。MS:496(M+1)。1H NMR(600MHz,CD3OD)δ7.97(d,J=10.4Hz,1H),7.13–7.08(m,3H),7.08–7.03(m,1H),6.48(d,J=10.0Hz,1H),4.78–4.73(m,1H),4.67–4.58(m,1H),4.44–4.38(m,1H),4.01–3.85(m,4H),3.83–3.76(m,1H),3.75–3.70(m,1H),3.66–3.61(m,1H),3.22–3.15(m,1H),3.07–2.99(m,2H),2.96–2.88(m,4H),2.82–2.74(m,2H),2.13(s,3H),2.08–2.00(m,2H),1.96–1.90(m,1H),1.71–1.54(m,1H),1.51–1.34(m,2H)。
表1:以下化合物是上述化合物的氘化形式。
实施例2:(6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二 氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮
向DIEA(0.219mL,1.25mmol)、6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸(100mg,0.418mmol)和(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇(117mg,0.502mmol)于DMF(3mL)中的溶液添加T3P(798mg,1.25mmol)。将混合物在15℃下搅拌2小时,然后在减压下浓缩。将残余物通过反相HPLC(ACN/水梯度)纯化,得到呈固体的(6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮。MS:454(M+1)。1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.88(s,1H),8.65(br s,1H),8.16(s,1H),7.16–7.01(m,4H),4.85–4.83(m 2H),4.03–3.79(m,3H),3.26–2.71(m,8H),2.15–1.89(m,3H),1.80–1.70(m,1H)。
实施例3:(6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2 (1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮
向6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸(80mg,0.394mmol)于DMF(4mL)中的溶液添加HATU(180mg,0.472mmol)、DIEA(0.206mL,1.181mmol)和(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇(91mg,0.394mmol)。将混合物在15℃下搅拌30分钟。将混合物直接通过反相HPLC(含0.1%TFA改性剂的ACN/水梯度)纯化,得到呈固体的(6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮。MS:418(M+1)。1H NMR(500MHz,CD3OD)δ8.70(d,J=2.1Hz,1H),8.66(d,J=2.3Hz,1H),8.18(s,1H),7.37-7.21(m,4H),5.24-4.98(m,1H),4.88-4.36(m,3H),4.28-3.99(m,1H),3.93-3.39(m,4H),3.29-2.73(m,3H),2.27(br s,1H),2.14-2.06(m,1H),2.05-1.90(m,1H),1.19-1.07(m,2H),0.92-0.79(m,2H)。
实施例4:(6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹 啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮
向6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-甲酸(32mg,0.118mmol)于DMF(4mL)中的溶液添加HATU(54mg,0.142mmol)、DIEA(0.062mL,0.355mmol)和(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)哌啶-3-醇(28mg,0.118mmol)。将混合物在20℃下搅拌30分钟。将混合物直接通过反相HPLC(含0.1%TFA改性剂的ACN/水梯度)纯化,得到呈固体的(6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮。MS:484和486(M+1)。1H NMR(400MHz,CD3OD)δ9.16(br s,1H),8.15(br s,1H),7.36-7.21(m,4H),4.98-5.17(m,2H),4.80-4.71(m,1H),4.51-4.45(m,1H),4.15-4.05(m,1H),3.81-3.62(m,3H),3.40-2.80(m,6H),2.26-1.97(m,2H),1.37(t,J=7.24Hz,3H)。
PRMT5-MEP50酶甲基化测定
PRMT5-MEP50生物化学测定是酶复合物对源自H4组蛋白的N末端的短肽底物的甲基化活性的直接测量。用重组PRMT5-MEP50蛋白质复合物进行甲基化实验。小分子的抑制作用的评估是通过化合物抑制此反应的有效性(EC50)来测量的。
在此测定中,使用以下概述的程序从二十点(1:2连续稀释;最高化合物浓度为100000nM)滴定曲线来确定每种化合物的效力(EC50)。向白色ProxiPlus 384孔板的每个孔中分配100nL的化合物(在10μL最终测定体积中1%DMSO),然后添加8μL的1x测定缓冲液(50mM Bicine pH 8.0、1mM DTT、0.004%Tween20、0.01%BSA),所述测定缓冲液含有1.25nM的全长(FL)-PRMT5-MEP50酶复合物(来自杆状病毒转染的Sf21细胞的重组蛋白:FL-PRMT5;MW=73837kDa和FL-MEP50;MW=38614)和1μL的150μM S-(5'-腺苷基)-L-甲硫氨酸氯化物(SAM)。将板密封并放置在37℃的加湿室中,与化合物一起预孵育60分钟。随后,通过添加1μL含有750nM生物素化H4R3(Me1)肽的1x测定缓冲液来起始每个反应。每个10μL孔中的最终反应物由1.0nM PRMT5-MEP50、75nM生物素化肽和15μM SAM组成。使甲基化反应在密封板中在37℃下进行150分钟。通过添加1μL的5%甲酸立即淬灭反应物。然后将板冷冻并运送到SAMDITM Tech Inc.以确定从H4R3(Me1)至H4R3(Me2)的转化百分比。通过绘制效应百分比(产物转化%;Y轴)对Log10化合物浓度(X轴)来生成剂量反应曲线。EC50值根据S形(4参数)剂量反应曲线的模型通过非线性回归确定。
PRMT5细胞靶标接合(TE)测定
PRMT5 TE测定是用于鉴定抑制PRMT5底物对精氨酸的对称二甲基化(SDMA)的化合物的生物标志物测定。已报告了PRMT5的以下底物:组蛋白H2A和H4 R3、组蛋白H3 R2、组蛋白H3 R8、剪接体Sm蛋白、核糖体蛋白RPS10、p53、FEN1、核质蛋白、核仁蛋白、EGFR和EBNA。所述测定集中于使用高容量成像技术检测对称二甲基化核蛋白。对称二甲基化核蛋白表达的检测是通过针对SDMA的第一兔单克隆抗体(CST 13222)的混合物进行的,所述第一兔单克隆抗体进而由Alexafluor 488染料缀合的抗兔IgG第二抗体识别。IN Cell Analyzer 2200或Opera-Phenix测量核Alexafluor 488荧光染料强度,所述强度与单细胞水平下对称二甲基化核蛋白的表达水平直接相关。将核AF488染料强度与DMSO处理的细胞的平均值(MIN)进行比较,以报告每个化合物处理孔的抑制百分比。
在此测定中,使用以下概述的程序从十点(1:3连续稀释;最高化合物浓度为10000nM)滴定曲线来确定每种化合物的细胞效力(EC50)。将BD falcon胶原蛋白包被的黑色/透明底384孔板的每个孔用30μl培养基中的4000个MCF-7细胞接种,并使其附着5小时。培养基是ATCC配制的伊格尔氏最低必需培养基,目录号30-2003。为制备完全生长培养基,向基础培养基中添加以下组分:0.01mg/mL人重组胰岛素;胎牛血清至10%的最终浓度。将另外30μl的含有2x化合物的培养基添加至每个孔中。将细胞在37℃CO2孵育箱中处理3天。在第3天,将细胞用Cytofix固定,用0.4%Triton-X-100/Cytofix透化,并用不含Ca/Mg的D-PBS洗涤。将细胞在室温下用Licor Odessey封闭试剂封闭1小时,然后在4℃下与抗SDMA(1:1000)抗体一起孵育过夜。除去1°抗体,然后用不含Ca/Mg的DPBS和0.05%Tween20洗涤3次。在室温下持续1小时添加Hoechst(5μg/mL)、Cell Mask深染色剂(1:2000)和Alexa488缀合的山羊抗兔IgG(2μg/mL)。在密封板以用于在In Cell Analyzer 2200或Opera-Phenix上成像之前进行最后的洗涤步骤(三次洗涤)。来自分析仪的图像被上传到Columbus(在WP或BOS)进行图像分析。IC50值通过荧光单位百分比对(Log10)化合物浓度的4参数稳健拟合来确定。
使用此实施例中描述的测定方案对本发明的代表性化合物进行了测试。结果提供于以下表2中。
表2:
<u>实施例编号</u> | 酶甲基化测定(EC<sub>50,</sub>nM) | TE测定(EC<sub>50</sub>,nM) |
1 | 0.9 | 6.9 |
1b | 0.9 | 2 |
1c | 49;9772 | 165 |
2 | 1.6 | 4.7 |
3 | 1.3 | 6.8 |
4 | 1.5 | 15 |
Claims (17)
3.如权利要求1所述的化合物,或其药学上可接受的盐,
所述化合物是:
1-{4-[(4-{[(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基]羰基}-5-氟吡啶-2-基)氨基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮,
(6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,
(6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,或
(6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮。
8.如权利要求1所述的化合物,所述化合物是:1-{4-[(4-{[(3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基]羰基}-5-氟吡啶-2-基)氨基]哌啶-1-基}乙酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
9.如权利要求1所述的化合物,所述化合物是:(6-(2,2-二氟环丙基)咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
10.如权利要求1所述的化合物,所述化合物是:(6-环丙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
11.如权利要求1所述的化合物,所述化合物是:(6-溴-7-乙基咪唑并[1,2-a]嘧啶-2-基)((3S,4S)-4-(3,4-二氢异喹啉-2(1H)-基)-3-羟基哌啶-1-基)甲酮,或其药学上可接受的盐。
12.一种药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐以及药学上可接受的载体。
13.一种用于治疗癌症的药物组合物,所述药物组合物包含权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
14.一种用于治疗癌症的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
15.一种用于治疗镰状细胞病的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
16.一种用于治疗遗传性胎儿血红蛋白持续存在症(HPFH)突变的方法,所述方法包括向有需要的患者施用权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐。
17.权利要求1-11中任一项所述的化合物或其药学上可接受的盐用于制造用于治疗癌症的药物的用途。
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US63/025,629 | 2020-05-15 | ||
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CN116113626A (zh) * | 2020-09-04 | 2023-05-12 | 上海翊石医药科技有限公司 | 一种具有抗肿瘤活性的化合物及其用途 |
WO2024099411A1 (zh) * | 2022-11-11 | 2024-05-16 | 石药集团中奇制药技术(石家庄)有限公司 | 一种杂环类抗肿瘤化合物的盐及其晶型 |
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US11077101B1 (en) | 2018-07-18 | 2021-08-03 | Tango Therapeutics, Inc. | Compounds and methods of use |
EP4188920A1 (en) | 2020-07-31 | 2023-06-07 | Tango Therapeutics, Inc. | Piperidin-1-yl-n-pyrydine-3-yl-2-oxoacetamide derivatives useful for the treatment of mtap-deficient and/or mta-accumulating cancers |
CA3222626A1 (en) * | 2021-05-13 | 2022-11-17 | Yunlong Song | Compound having anti-tumor activity and use thereof |
WO2024101965A1 (ko) * | 2022-11-10 | 2024-05-16 | 에스케이바이오팜 주식회사 | Prmt5 저해제와 dna 손상 유도 물질의 약학적 조합물 |
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NZ788874A (en) | 2024-08-30 |
CN115087638B (zh) | 2023-11-24 |
WO2021126731A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
JP2023507634A (ja) | 2023-02-24 |
BR112022012032A2 (pt) | 2022-09-06 |
EP4077282A1 (en) | 2022-10-26 |
KR20220123229A (ko) | 2022-09-06 |
CA3160153A1 (en) | 2021-06-24 |
US20230108452A1 (en) | 2023-04-06 |
AU2020408148A1 (en) | 2022-06-16 |
MX2022007535A (es) | 2022-09-23 |
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