CN115074109A - 一种电致变色材料及器件 - Google Patents
一种电致变色材料及器件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115074109A CN115074109A CN202210639867.6A CN202210639867A CN115074109A CN 115074109 A CN115074109 A CN 115074109A CN 202210639867 A CN202210639867 A CN 202210639867A CN 115074109 A CN115074109 A CN 115074109A
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- Prior art keywords
- electrochromic
- molecule
- medium
- methylimidazolium
- molecules
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002466 imines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000004434 sulfur atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003011 anion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021393 carbon nanotube Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002041 carbon nanotube Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium(iii) oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[In+3].[In+3] PJXISJQVUVHSOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003003 phosphines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003222 pyridines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003235 pyrrolidines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001887 tin oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004356 hydroxy functional group Chemical group O* 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 23
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
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- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 tetrahexylammonium tetrafluoroborate Chemical compound 0.000 description 57
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 13
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- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 12
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 238000004440 column chromatography Methods 0.000 description 8
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 6
- INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodomethane Chemical compound IC INQOMBQAUSQDDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium tert-butoxide Chemical compound [K+].CC(C)(C)[O-] LPNYRYFBWFDTMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- JRZXASDTNSFJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 JRZXASDTNSFJBR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- FWQHNLCNFPYBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoran Chemical group C12=CC=CC=C2OC2=CC=CC=C2C11OC(=O)C2=CC=CC=C21 FWQHNLCNFPYBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triiodomethane Natural products IC(I)I OKJPEAGHQZHRQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000019439 ethyl acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [Na+].[SH-] HYHCSLBZRBJJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BSKSXTBYXTZWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 BSKSXTBYXTZWFI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 FHDQNOXQSTVAIC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- KXCVJPJCRAEILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 KXCVJPJCRAEILX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PUHVBRXUKOGSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;methanesulfonate Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 PUHVBRXUKOGSBC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- MEMNKNZDROKJHP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 MEMNKNZDROKJHP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- SIXHYMZEOJSYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;thiocyanate Chemical compound [S-]C#N.CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 SIXHYMZEOJSYQH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FRZPYEHDSAQGAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1 FRZPYEHDSAQGAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- OSCREXKVIJBLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylimidazol-3-ium;ethyl sulfate Chemical compound CCOS([O-])(=O)=O.CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1C OSCREXKVIJBLHA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- ZPTRYWVRCNOTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZPTRYWVRCNOTAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 BMQZYMYBQZGEEY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CN1C=CN=C1 STCBHSHARMAIOM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVDDUSFOSWWJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WVDDUSFOSWWJJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- INDFXCHYORWHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F INDFXCHYORWHLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F LRESCJAINPKJTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQWOEDCLDNFWEV-UHFFFAOYSA-M diethyl phosphate;1-ethyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium Chemical compound CC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.CCOP([O-])(=O)OCC HQWOEDCLDNFWEV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920006158 high molecular weight polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TVEOIQKGZSIMNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;1-methyl-1h-imidazol-1-ium;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.C[NH+]1C=CN=C1 TVEOIQKGZSIMNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DLDIDQIZPBIVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;2-methylpropan-2-amine;chloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)N DLDIDQIZPBIVNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- KJKTYABTRNRASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate;1,2,3-trimethylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O.CC=1N(C)C=C[N+]=1C KJKTYABTRNRASM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
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- ZOCLAPYLSUCOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrosulfide Chemical compound [SH-].[K+] ZOCLAPYLSUCOGI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003384 small molecules Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- CQKAPARXKPTKBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylazanium;bromide Chemical compound Br.CC(C)(C)N CQKAPARXKPTKBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC VDZOOKBUILJEDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetramethylammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].C[N+](C)(C)C WGTYBPLFGIVFAS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001889 triflyl group Chemical group FC(F)(F)S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 RIOQSEWOXXDEQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUOQTHSUZGSHGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,8-heptadecafluorooctane-1-sulfonate;tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC.[O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MUOQTHSUZGSHGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- CAXAOCJGNDYENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,12,12,12-tetrachlorododecan-1-amine Chemical compound C(CCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)Cl)CCCCC(N)Cl CAXAOCJGNDYENK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSTNJXMWIRGZOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-diethoxyimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CCON1C=C[N+](OCC)=C1 VSTNJXMWIRGZOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVIXOUUFYNRRQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethoxyimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound CON1C=C[N+](OC)=C1 UVIXOUUFYNRRQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOKQGMYCUGJNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1,3-dimethylimidazol-1-ium;methyl sulfate Chemical compound COS([O-])(=O)=O.CN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 WOKQGMYCUGJNIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- PQRQMQXYYPJBOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethylimidazolidine methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O.CN1CCN(C)C1 PQRQMQXYYPJBOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCRZSGZCOGHOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-benzyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C1=[N+](C)C=CN1CC1=CC=CC=C1 FCRZSGZCOGHOGF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- VWFZFKKEKWMXIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;4-methylbenzenesulfonate Chemical compound CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.CC1=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C=C1 VWFZFKKEKWMXIA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KYCQOKLOSUBEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 KYCQOKLOSUBEJK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ICIVTHOGIQHZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;cyanoiminomethylideneazanide Chemical compound [N-]=C=NC#N.CCCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 ICIVTHOGIQHZRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NTXQJRGQUZXUMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 1-butyl-3-methylimidazol-3-ium;dibutyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCC[N+]=1C=CN(C)C=1.CCCCOP([O-])(=O)OCCCC NTXQJRGQUZXUMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- RULHPTADXJPDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydron;tetrahexylazanium;sulfate Chemical compound OS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC RULHPTADXJPDSN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- DSQCNXSPLHDLED-UHFFFAOYSA-M methanesulfonate;tetrabutylphosphanium Chemical compound CS([O-])(=O)=O.CCCC[P+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC DSQCNXSPLHDLED-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- ABSPGMJUOBVQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate;1-methyl-3-propylimidazol-1-ium Chemical compound COC([O-])=O.CCCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 ABSPGMJUOBVQMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N penta-1,4-dien-3-one Chemical compound C=CC(=O)C=C UCUUFSAXZMGPGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000064 phosphane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003002 phosphanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002493 poly(chlorotrifluoroethylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001483 poly(ethyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000212 poly(isobutyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000205 poly(isobutyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005023 polychlorotrifluoroethylene (PCTFE) polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000120 polyethyl acrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- OYSUQMQPIJNEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidine-2,5-dione;tetrabutylazanium Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC OYSUQMQPIJNEBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229960001860 salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940079827 sodium hydrogen sulfite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010267 sodium hydrogen sulphite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000638 stimulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- RVKZDIDATLDTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylideneeuropium Chemical compound [Eu]=S RVKZDIDATLDTNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003457 sulfones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003462 sulfoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- WGYONVRJGWHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;benzoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC WGYONVRJGWHMKV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SHRKDVQQQPFSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrabutylazanium;nitrite Chemical compound [O-]N=O.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC SHRKDVQQQPFSIY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SBSSZSCMFDYICE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutylazanium;triiodide Chemical compound I[I-]I.CCCC[N+](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC SBSSZSCMFDYICE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUXKZYSCZCNPNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-amine;hydrobromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCC[NH3+] CUXKZYSCZCNPNX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PUZYNDBTWXJXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraethylazanium;trifluoromethanesulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.CC[N+](CC)(CC)CC PUZYNDBTWXJXKN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YQIVQBMEBZGFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraheptylazanium;bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCC)(CCCCCCC)CCCCCCC YQIVQBMEBZGFBY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahexylazanium Chemical compound CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC DTIFFPXSSXFQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetrahexylazanium;iodide Chemical compound [I-].CCCCCC[N+](CCCCCC)(CCCCCC)CCCCCC VRKHAMWCGMJAMI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SNNIPOQLGBPXPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M tetraoctylazanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCC[N+](CCCCCCCC)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC SNNIPOQLGBPXPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HJHUXWBTVVFLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl(methyl)azanium Chemical compound CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC HJHUXWBTVVFLQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPILPUZVTYHGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M tributyl(methyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCC[N+](C)(CCCC)CCCC IPILPUZVTYHGIL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LAGQNGWYNLUQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N trioctylmethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F.CCCCCCCC[N+](C)(CCCCCCCC)CCCCCCCC LAGQNGWYNLUQRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种电致变色材料及器件,涉及电致变色材料技术领域,所述电致变色材料包括电致变色分子和电解质,所述电致变色分子和所述电解质的物质的量比为0.001‑1000,且所述电致变色分子的结构中包括电致酸结构单元和染料结构单元。与现有技术比较,本发明将电致酸分子与染料分子连接在一个分子上得到电致变色材料,兼顾了染料分子的高摩尔吸光系数、电致酸机理设计分子的颜色可调性,且电致酸分子在发生氧化/还原的过程中伴随着颜色的变化,并与染料分子颜色的叠加,实现了黑色电致变色材料的制备,同时使得制备的电致变色器件具备高对比度、高着色效率、快的响应速度和褪色速度、优异的循环稳定性以及较长的双稳态保持时间。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及电致变色材料技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种电致变色材料及器件。
背景技术
一般在电致酸体系中,电致酸分子与酸响应分子是同一个或者两个不同的分子,在电致酸被氧化时,质子的转移是由电致酸分子传递到酸响应分子,或者由有机小分子上的电致酸基团传递到酸响应基团,而在氧化态的电致酸被还原时,质子又由酸响应分子回到电致酸分子上,或者由有机小分子上的酸响应基团转移到电致酸基团。质子被酸响应分子或基团接受和给出会造成其颜色的变化。由于有机小分子在器件中的扩散作用明显,电刺激使有机小分子着色后,有机小分子会发生扩散远离电极,导致器件颜色衰减,使得着色的双稳态的效果变差。施加反电压时,由于着色分子或者电致酸分子扩散远离电极,导致器件褪色较慢。此外,由于电致酸分子与酸响应分子距离较远,使质子的传递距离较长,或者同时包含电致酸基团和酸响应基团的有机小分子离电极较远,使电致变色器件具有较慢的响应速度。
另外,现有技术中一些电致变色材料中,电致酸单元对位芳香苯胺部分在正电压下被氧化,释放出质子,荧烷部分得到质子,发生颜色的变化,含有不同取代基的荧烷,其变色的颜色是不同的。但是在这种电致变色材料中,电致酸单元对位芳香苯胺部分在氧化还原过程中自身不会发生颜色的变化,不能为电致变色材料在颜色的变化上提供有效的帮助,且只能对电致变色材料中荧烷部分进行取代基修饰,不能得到高色纯度的黑色电致变色效果,并且这种电致变色材料的可逆性较差。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是现有技术中有机电致变色材料双稳态性能差、可逆性差或黑色电致变色材料色纯度差中的至少一个方面。
为解决上述问题,本发明提供一种电致变色材料,包括电致变色分子和电解质,所述电致变色分子和所述电解质的物质的量比为0.001-1000,且所述电致变色分子的结构中包括电致酸结构单元和染料结构单元,所述电致变色分子的结构为式Ⅰ-式Ⅷ中的任意一种,且所述式Ⅰ-式Ⅷ的结构如下所示:
其中,所述式Ⅰ-式Ⅷ中,Y为O原子、S原子、Si(CH3)2中的任意一种; R1-R16为H、卤素、C1-C24间的烷基、C1-C24间的取代烷基、羟基、C1-C24间的烷氧基、氨基、C1-C24间的烷氨基、C6-C24的芳基,以及同时含有芳环和烷烃的C7-C24间的基团中的任意一种。
可选地,所述电解质包括含一价金属离子的无机或有机金属盐类、四烷基季铵盐、离子液体中的任意一种。
可选地,所述含一价金属离子的无机或有机金属盐类选自Li、Na、K、 Rb、Cs、Cu和Ag盐中的任意一种或几种。
可选地,所述离子液体包括胺类、亚胺类、铵类、酯类、膦类、磷类、咪唑类、取代吡啶类、吡咯烷类、磷酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、硼酸盐、碳酸盐和至少含一个S、N、P杂原子的C4-C60中的任意一种。
本发明所述的电致变色材料相较于现有技术的优势在于,本发明是将电致酸分子与染料分子连接在一个分子上得到电致变色材料,兼顾了染料分子的高摩尔吸光系数、电致酸机理设计分子的颜色可调性,且电致酸分子在发生氧化/还原的过程中伴随着颜色的变化,并与染料分子颜色的叠加,实现了黑色电致变色材料的制备,同时使得利用上述电致变色材料制备的电致器件具备高对比度、高着色效率、快的响应速度和褪色速度、优异的循环稳定性以及较长的双稳态保持时间。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明还提供一种电致变色器件,包括第一电极、第二电极、电致变色媒介、离子交换膜和辅助媒介,且所述电致变色媒介包括所述的电致变色材料和液体媒介或固体媒介,且所述电致变色材料分散于所述液体媒介或固体媒介中。
可选地,所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极的电极材料选自金、银、铜、汞、铂、钯、钨、铝、锌、氧化锌、氧化铟与氧化锡复合物、碳化钨、碳化镍、石墨、石墨烯和碳纳米管中的任意一种或几种。
可选地,所述离子交换膜的厚度为20nm-500μm,且所述离子交换膜选自质子交换膜、锂离子导电膜、阳离子交换膜、阴离子交换膜或含有所述电解质的液体媒介或固体媒介中的任意一种。
可选地,所述辅助媒介为含有所述电解质的液体媒介或固体媒介,或者,所述辅助媒介为含有所述电解质和具有还原性质的物质的液体媒介或固体媒介。
可选地,所述具有还原性质的物质选自醌类、含有羰基的化合物、含有硝基的化合物、金属盐和金属配合物中的一种。
可选地,所述液体媒介为溶剂或离子液体,所述固体媒介为高分子聚合物。
本发明所述的电致变色器件与所述电致变色材料相较于现有技术的优势相同,在此不再赘述。
附图说明
图1为利用本发明实施例中结构如式Ⅰ-1的电致变色分子制备得到的电致变色器件的着色对比度图;
图2为利用本发明实施例中结构如式Ⅰ-1的电致变色分子制备得到的电致变色器件的着色效率图;
图3为利用本发明实施例中结构如式Ⅰ-1的电致变色分子制备得到的电致变色器件的循环可逆性图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、详尽地描述。
术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的,而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此,限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括至少一个该特征。
在本申请实施例的描述中,术语“一些实施例”的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施或实例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
本发明实施例提供一种电致变色材料,包括电致变色分子和电解质,所述电致变色分子和所述电解质的物质的量比为0.001-1000。当所述电致变色分子和所述电解质的物质的量比超出这个范围时导电性和溶解性较差。
本实施例中,所述电致变色分子的结构中包括电致酸结构单元和染料结构单元,所述电致变色分子的结构为式Ⅰ-式Ⅷ中的任意一种,且所述式Ⅰ- 式Ⅷ的结构如下所示:
其中,所述式Ⅰ-式Ⅷ中,Y为O原子、S原子、Si(CH3)2中的任意一种; R1-R16为H、卤素、C1-C24间的烷基、C1-C24间的取代烷基、羟基、C1-C24间的烷氧基、氨基、C1-C24间的烷氨基、C6-C24的芳基,以及同时含有芳环和烷烃的 C7-C24间的基团中的任意一种。
在本实施例中,式I的电致变色机理如下所示:
可以看出,电致变色分子中的电致酸结构单元邻位芳香苯胺部分在正电压下被氧化,释放出质子,并发生颜色的变化,荧烷结构单元得到质子,发生颜色的变化,含有不同取代基的荧烷,其变色的颜色是不同的,同时,两种颜色叠加产生不同的颜色。电致变色分子中的电致酸结构单元和荧烷结构单元连接在一起,能够缩短电致酸释放出质子转移的距离,进而保证变色速度快,电致酸结构单元本身具有很好的氧化还原循环稳定性,进而保证了电致变色材料具有优异的循环稳定性。
在一些实施例中,所述电解质包括含一价金属离子的无机或有机金属盐类、四烷基季铵盐、离子液体中的任意一种。
其中,所述含一价金属离子的无机或有机金属盐类选自Li、Na、K、Rb、 Cs、Cu和Ag盐中的任意一种或几种。
所述离子液体包括胺类、亚胺类、铵类、酯类、膦类、磷类、咪唑类、取代吡啶类、吡咯烷类、磷酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、硼酸盐、碳酸盐和至少含一个S、N、P杂原子的C4-C60中的任意一种。
在一些具体的实施例中,离子液体为丁基三甲基铵双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺、三丁基甲基二丁基磷酸铵、三丁基甲基氯化铵、三丁基甲基甲基碳酸铵、三乙基甲基二丁基磷酸铵、三氟甲基磺酸四乙基铵、三辛基甲基硫酸氢铵、乙基二甲基丙基铵双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、二乙基甲基-(2-甲氧乙基)铵基双 (三氟甲磺酰基)酰亚胺、十七氟辛磺酸四丁基铵、四丁基亚硝酸铵、四丁基氢氧化铵、四丁基甲磺酸铵、四丁基铵双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺、四丁基铵琥珀酰亚胺、四己基硫酸氢铵、四己基碘化铵、四庚基氯化铵、四庚基溴化铵、四正丁铵三碘盐、四氟硼酸四己基铵、四氯十二烷基铵、四溴十二烷基铵、四甲基氢氧化铵、四癸基溴化铵、四辛基氯化铵、甲基三丁基硫酸铵甲酯、甲基三(十八烷基)溴化铵、甲基三辛基硫代水杨酸铵、甲基-三辛基铵双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、2-羟乙基-三甲基铵L-(+)-乳酸盐、2-羟基-N,N-二(2-羟乙基)-N-甲基乙铵硫酸甲酯盐、苄基二甲基十四烷基氯化铵、苯甲酸四丁基铵、苯硫酚四丁基铵、醋酸胆碱、1-丁基溴化吡啶、1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基吡啶双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺、1-丁基-4-甲基吡啶四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-4-甲基碘化吡啶、1-乙基吡啶鎓四氟硼酸酯、1-(3-氰丙基) 氯化吡啶、3-甲基-1-丙基吡啶双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、4-(3-丁基-1-咪唑)-1-丁烷磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟锑酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰)酰亚胺、 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴化物、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑甲磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸辛酯、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑碳酸氢盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑磷酸二丁酯、1- 丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氯铝酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓甲苯磺酸盐、1-丁基-3- 甲基咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐、1,2,3-三甲基咪唑甲磺酸、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚胺、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸酯、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲磺酸盐、1-乙基-2,3- 二甲基咪唑鎓乙基硫酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑L-(+)-乳酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二丁基磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二乙基磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氨腈、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二甲基磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑啉双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑啉双(五氟乙基磺酰基)亚胺、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑1,1,2,2-四氟乙基磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-乙基-3- 甲基咪唑四氯铝酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑甲基硫酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑甲基磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硝酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫氰酸盐、1- 乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓对甲苯磺酰盐、1-乙基-3-甲基溴化咪唑、 1-乙基-3-甲基碘化咪唑鎓、1,3-二乙氧基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1,3-二乙氧基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺、1,2-二甲基-3-丙基咪唑三(三氟甲基磺酰)甲基化物、1,2-二甲基-3-丙基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、1,3-二甲基咪唑二甲基膦、1,3-二甲基咪唑啉甲烷磺酸盐、1,3-二甲基咪唑鎓甲基硫酸盐、1,3- 二甲氧基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1,3-二甲氧基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、 1,3-二甲氧基-2-甲基咪唑鎓六氟磷酸盐、1,3-二甲氧基-2-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、1,3-二羟基-2-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺、1,3-二羟基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺、1-十二烷基-3-甲基咪唑碘化物、1,3-双(3- 氰丙基)氯化咪唑鎓、1,3-双(氰甲基)咪唑鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、1,3-双 (氰甲基)氯化咪唑鎓、1-己基-3-甲基三氟甲烷磺酸咪唑鎓、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-己基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双 (三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、1-己基-3-甲基氯化咪唑鎓、氯化1-丁基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、氯化1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓、氯化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、氯化 1-苄基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-(3-氰丙基)-3-咪唑鎓二氰胺、1-(3-氰丙基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲磺酰基)酰胺、1-(3-氰丙基)-3-甲基氯化咪唑鎓、1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐、1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐、1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓二氰胺、1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰亚胺、1-甲基-3-丙基咪唑甲基碳酸酯、1-甲基-3-丙基碘化咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-乙烯基咪唑碳酸甲酯、1-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐、1-甲基氯化咪唑鎓、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐、1-甲基-3-辛基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-甲基-3-辛基氯化咪唑鎓、1-癸基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、癸基甲基氯化咪唑、碘化1-己基-3-甲基咪唑、 1-(2-羟乙基)-3-甲基咪唑鎓二氰胺、1-苄基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-苄基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-辛基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑乙酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑双(三氟甲基磺酰)酰亚胺、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑甲磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、 1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸甲酯、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓三氟甲磺酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑鎓硫氰酸盐、1,2,3-三甲基咪唑甲磺酸、1-丙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓双(三氟甲磺酰基)亚胺、1-乙基-2,3-二甲基咪唑鎓乙基硫酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑三氟甲磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二乙基磷酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氨腈、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑啉双(三氟甲基磺酰基)亚胺、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氯铝酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑甲基磺酸盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫氰酸盐、 1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸乙酯、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑硫酸氢盐、1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑醋酸盐、氯化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑鎓、1-甲基咪唑鎓硫酸氢盐、1-甲基氯化咪唑鎓、三丁基甲基膦二丁基磷酸盐、三丁基甲基膦甲基硫酸盐、三乙基甲基磷二丁基磷酸酯、三己基十四烷化膦溴化物、三己基十四烷基氯化膦、三己基十四烷基癸酸膦、三己基(十四烷基)膦二氰胺、三己基十四烷基膦双(三氟甲基磺酰基)酰胺、三己基十四烷基膦双(2,4,4-三甲基戊基)次磷酸盐、 3-(三苯基磷)丙烷-1-甲苯磺酰基、3-(三苯基磷)丙烷-1-磺酸盐、四丁基膦四氟硼酸盐、对甲苯磺酸四丁基磷、甲磺酸四丁基磷、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷三氟甲磺酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷二腈胺盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷氯化物、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷溴化物、1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷碘化物、 1-丁基-1-甲基吡咯烷碳酸甲酯、1-乙基-1-甲基吡咯烷鎓双(三氟甲基磺酰基) 亚胺、四氟硼酸1-乙基-1-甲基吡咯烷鎓、1-甲基-1-乙基吡咯烷鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-甲基-1-乙基溴化吡咯烷、三乙基锍双(三氟甲基磺酰)亚胺、环丙基二苯基锍四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基哌啶鎓四氟硼酸酯、1-丁基-1-甲基哌啶鎓六氟磷酸盐、1-丁基-1-甲基哌啶鎓双(三氟甲磺酰)亚胺、4-乙基-4-甲基吗啉甲基碳酸盐。
本实施例所述的电致变色材料将电致酸分子与染料分子连接在一个分子上,兼顾了染料分子的高摩尔吸光系数、电致酸机理设计分子的颜色可调性,且电致酸分子在发生氧化/还原的过程中伴随着颜色的变化,并与染料分子颜色的叠加,实现了黑色电致变色材料的制备,同时使得利用上述电致变色材料制备的电致器件具备高对比度、高着色效率、快的响应速度和褪色速度、优异的循环稳定性以及较长的双稳态保持时间。
本发明的另一个实施例还提供一种电致变色器件,包括第一电极、第二电极、电致变色媒介、离子交换膜和辅助媒介,且所述电致变色媒介包括所述的电致变色材料和液体媒介或固体媒介,且所述电致变色材料分散于所述液体媒介或固体媒介中。
在一些实施例中,所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极的电极材料选自金、银、铜、汞、铂、钯、钨、铝、锌、氧化锌、氧化铟与氧化锡复合物、碳化钨、碳化镍、石墨、石墨烯和碳纳米管中的任意一种或几种。
本实施例中,离子交换膜厚度的增加使电致变色器件的电致变色双稳态效果更好。但离子交换膜太薄,离子交换膜物质易扩散与变色层物质结合,影响双稳态维持效果,同时施加电压时易导致器件击穿;离子交换膜太厚,使得离子迁移的距离变长,电致变色器件响应速度不佳。当离子交换膜的厚度小于20nm时,电致变色器件没有双稳态维持效果,同时电致变色器件最大电压只能施加0.5V;当离子交换膜的厚度大于500μm时所制电致变色器件褪色速度为30分钟,导致电致变色器件响应速度不佳。因此,在一些优选的实施例中,所述离子交换膜的厚度为20nm-500μm。
在一些实施例中,所述离子交换膜选自质子交换膜、锂离子导电膜、阳离子交换膜、阴离子交换膜或含有所述电解质的液体媒介或固体媒介中的任意一种。
在一些实施例中,所述辅助媒介为含有所述电解质的液体媒介或固体媒介,或者,所述辅助媒介为含有所述电解质和具有还原性质的物质的液体媒介或固体媒介。
在一些实施例中,所述具有还原性质的物质选自醌类、含有羰基的化合物、含有硝基的化合物、金属盐和金属配合物中的一种。
在一些实施例中,所述液体媒介为溶剂或离子液体,所述固体媒介为高分子聚合物。
在一些优选的实施例中,所述溶剂选自水、含C1-C18的醇类、至少含一个氧原子的C3-C24醚类、至少含一个硫原子的C3-C24硫醚类、含C2-C18的亚砜类、含C2-C18的砜类、含C3-C24的酮类、含C1-C18的酸类、含C1 -C18的磺酸类、含C2-C18的酯类、含C1-C18的酰胺类、含C1-C18的烷烃、含C1-C18的烯烃、含C1-C18的炔烃、含C1-C18的芳烃、至少含一个杂原子O、S、N、P的C3-C18的杂环、至少含一个卤素原子的烷烃、至少含一个卤素原子的芳烃中的任意组合。
在一些优选的实施例中,所述高分子聚合物为聚苯乙烯、聚苯丙烯、聚丙烯酸甲酯、聚丙烯酸乙酯、聚丙烯酸丙酯、聚丙烯酸异丙酯、聚丙烯酸丁酯、聚丙烯酸异丁酯、聚丙烯酸叔丁酯、聚丙烯酸戊酯、聚丙烯酸异戊酯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚甲基丙烯酸乙酯、聚甲基丙烯酸丙酯、聚甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、聚甲基丙烯酸丁酯、聚甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、聚甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、聚甲基丙烯酸戊酯、聚甲基丙烯酸异戊酯、聚甲基丙烯酸己酯、聚乙二醇、聚乙烯醇、聚氨基甲酸酯、聚乙烯、聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚四氟乙烯、聚对苯二甲酸二乙酯、聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯、聚醋酸乙烯、聚硅酮、聚丙烯腈、聚三氟氯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚二甲基硅酸酯中的任意组合。
本实施例所述的电致变色器件与所述电致变色材料相较于现有技术的优势相同,在此不再赘述。
实施例1
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅰ-1,且本实施例中,电致变色分子的制备过程,包括:
称量457mg(1.0mmol)氨基罗丹明(M1)置于50mL圆底烧瓶,加入10mL 乙酸溶解,然后向其中加入200mg(0.9mmol)NIS,室温搅拌条件下进行反应 (1h)。向反应瓶中加入20mL水淬灭NIS,然后用二氯甲烷萃取3次,合并有机相,然后用水萃取有机相3次,无水硫酸钠干燥有机相30min,采用溶液旋蒸浓缩,柱层析纯化,得到紫色固体粉末(M2),其中,甲醇:二氯甲烷=1:60。
将紫色固体粉末M2(2.0mmol)、2-碘苯胺(3.0mmol)、CuI(0.2mmol)、 2,2,-联咪唑(0.4mmol)和Cs2CO3(4.0mmol)在10mL二甲基甲酰胺(DMF) 中的混合物在氮气气氛下在120℃下加热进行反应(24h)。将所得悬浮液冷却至室温,用乙酸乙酯(EtOAc)稀释,通过硅胶垫过滤,并用EtOAc洗涤,滤液旋蒸浓缩,所得粗产物柱层析纯化,得到结构如式Ⅰ-1所示的电致变色分子,且如式Ⅰ-1所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,以1mmol的四丁基六氟磷酸铵作为电解质,1g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为成膜介质,20mg结构如式Ⅰ-1所示的电致变色分子,10mL乙腈作溶剂,得到电致变色媒介。
本实施例中,将上述的电致变色媒介旋涂到干净的ITO-1电极上,将其组装成电致变色器件。电致变色器件在正电压+1.5V的条件下,器件由无色透明变为黑色;在负电压-1.2V下,黑色又变为无色透明状态,电致变色器件由无色透明状态变为最大着色状态透过率变化高达70%,只需要3秒,并且双稳态维持一个小时。如图1所示,采用电化学与紫外光谱联用测试,选择检测的吸收波长是物质着色状态时最佳波长500nm,其中横坐标是时间,纵坐标是透过率,在施加1.7V正电压2s后,器件透过率由透明无色状态变化得到着色状态,透过率变化值高达70%。并且在没有施加电压的状态下,信息能维持1小时,透过率强度衰减小于10%,再次施加-1.3V反电压5s,透过率由着色状态变回到无色状态,整个变色器件显示过程具有到高对比度,好的双稳态性质和可逆性,如图2-3所示。
实施例2
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅰ-2,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅰ-2的电致变色分子的制备过程,包括:
将结构如式Ⅰ-1中的电致变色分子(1.0mmol)、叔丁醇钾(1.1mmol) 溶于10mL无水四氢呋喃,室温搅拌1h,然后加入碘甲烷(0.5mmol)、磷(2mmol), 66℃加热搅拌4h,所得粗产物柱层析纯化,得到结构如式Ⅰ-2所示的电致变色分子,且结构如式Ⅰ-2所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,以1mmol的四丁基六氟磷酸铵作为电解质,1g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为成膜介质,20mg结构如式Ⅰ-2的电致变色分子,10mL乙腈作溶剂,得到电致变色媒介。
本实施例中,将上述的电致变色媒介旋涂到干净的ITO-1电极上,将其组装成电致变色器件。电致变色器件在正电压+1.5V的条件下,器件由无色透明变为黑色;在负电压-1.2V下,黑色又变为无色透明状态,由此看出,本实施例中由结构如式Ⅰ-2的电致变色分子制成的电致变色器件具有良好的电致变色性能。
实施例3
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅰ-3,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅰ-3的电致变色分子的制备过程与实施例1中结构如式Ⅰ-1的电致变色分子的制备过程相同,区别之处在于,M1由M3替代,M2由M4替代,具体地,结构如式Ⅰ-3所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,以1mmol的四丁基六氟磷酸铵作为电解质,1g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为成膜介质,20mg结构如式Ⅰ-3的电致变色分子,10mL乙腈作溶剂,得到电致变色媒介。
本实施例中,将上述的电致变色媒介旋涂到干净的ITO-1电极上,将其组装成电致变色器件。电致变色器件在正电压+1.5V的条件下,器件由无色透明变为黑色;在负电压-1.2V下,黑色又变为无色透明状态,由此看出,本实施例中由结构如式Ⅰ-3的电致变色分子制成的电致变色器件具有良好的电致变色性能。
实施例4
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅰ-4,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅰ-4的电致变色分子的制备过程,包括:
将实施例3中结构如式Ⅰ-3中的电致变色分子(1.0mmol)、叔丁醇钾 (1.1mmol)溶于10mL无水四氢呋喃,室温搅拌1h,然后加入碘甲烷(0.5mmol)、磷(2mmol),66℃加热搅拌4h,所得粗产物柱层析纯化,得到结构如式Ⅰ-4 所示的电致变色分子,且结构如式Ⅰ-4所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,以1mmol的四丁基六氟磷酸铵作为电解质,1g聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯作为成膜介质,20mg结构如式Ⅰ-4的电致变色分子,10mL乙腈作溶剂,得到电致变色媒介。
本实施例中,将上述的电致变色媒介旋涂到干净的ITO-1电极上,将其组装成电致变色器件。电致变色器件在正电压+1.5V的条件下,器件由无色透明变为黑色;在负电压-1.2V下,黑色又变为无色透明状态,由此看出,本实施例中由结构如式Ⅰ-4的电致变色分子制成的电致变色器件具有良好的电致变色性能。
实施例5
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅰ-5,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅰ-5的电致变色分子的制备过程与实施例1中结构如式Ⅰ-1的电致变色分子的制备过程相同,区别之处在于,M1由M5替代,M2由M6替代,具体地,结构如式Ⅰ-5所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,基于结构如式Ⅰ-5的电致变色分子的电致变色媒介与电致变色器件的制备与实施例1相同,在此不再赘述。
实施例6
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅰ-6,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅰ-6的电致变色分子的制备过程,包括:
将实施例5中结构如式Ⅰ-5中的电致变色分子(1.0mmol)、叔丁醇钾 (1.1mmol)溶于10mL无水四氢呋喃,室温搅拌1h,然后加入碘甲烷(0.5mmol)、磷(2mmol),66℃加热搅拌4h,所得粗产物柱层析纯化,得到结构如式Ⅰ-6 所示的电致变色分子,且结构如式Ⅰ-6所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,基于结构如式Ⅰ-6的电致变色分子的电致变色媒介与电致变色器件的制备与实施例1相同,在此不再赘述。
实施例7
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅰ-7,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅰ-7的电致变色分子的制备过程与实施例1中结构如式Ⅰ-1的电致变色分子的制备过程相同,区别之处在于,M1由M7替代,M2由M8替代,具体地,结构如式Ⅰ-7所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,基于结构如式Ⅰ-7的电致变色分子的电致变色媒介与电致变色器件的制备与实施例1相同,在此不再赘述。
实施例8
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅰ-8,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅰ-8的电致变色分子的制备过程,包括:
将实施例7中结构如式Ⅰ-7中的电致变色分子(1.0mmol)、叔丁醇钾 (1.1mmol)溶于10mL无水四氢呋喃,室温搅拌1h,然后加入碘甲烷(0.5mmol)、磷(2mmol),66℃加热搅拌4h,所得粗产物柱层析纯化,得到结构如式Ⅰ-8 所示的电致变色分子,且结构如式Ⅰ-8所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,基于结构如式Ⅰ-8的电致变色分子的电致变色媒介与电致变色器件的制备与实施例1相同,在此不再赘述。
实施例9
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅱ-1,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅱ-1的电致变色分子的制备过程与实施例1中结构如式Ⅰ-1的电致变色分子的制备过程相同,区别之处在于,M1由M9替代,M2由M10替代,具体地,结构如式Ⅱ-1所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,基于结构如式Ⅱ-1的电致变色分子的电致变色媒介与电致变色器件的制备与实施例1相同,在此不再赘述。
实施例10
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅱ-2,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅱ-2的电致变色分子的制备过程,包括:
将实施例9中结构如式Ⅱ-1中的电致变色分子(1.0mmol)、叔丁醇钾 (1.1mmol)溶于10mL无水四氢呋喃,室温搅拌1h,然后加入碘甲烷(0.5mmol)、磷(2mmol),66℃加热搅拌4h,所得粗产物柱层析纯化,得到结构如式Ⅱ-2 所示的电致变色分子,且结构如式Ⅱ-2所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,基于结构如式Ⅱ-2的电致变色分子的电致变色媒介与电致变色器件的制备与实施例1相同,在此不再赘述。
实施例11
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅲ-1,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅲ-1的电致变色分子的制备过程与实施例1中结构如式Ⅰ-1的电致变色分子的制备过程相同,区别之处在于,M1由M11替代,M2由M12替代,具体地,结构如式Ⅲ-1所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,基于结构如式Ⅲ-1的电致变色分子的电致变色媒介与电致变色器件的制备与实施例1相同,在此不再赘述。
实施例12
本实施例提供的电致变色分子的结构式如式Ⅲ-2,且本实施例中,结构如式Ⅲ-2的电致变色分子的制备过程,包括:
将实施例11中结构如式Ⅲ-1中的电致变色分子(1.0mmol)、叔丁醇钾 (1.1mmol)溶于10mL无水四氢呋喃,室温搅拌1h,然后加入碘甲烷(0.5mmol)、磷(2mmol),66℃加热搅拌4h,所得粗产物柱层析纯化,得到结构如式Ⅲ-2 所示的电致变色分子,且结构如式Ⅲ-2所示的电致变色分子的合成路线如下:
本实施例中,基于结构如式Ⅲ-2的电致变色分子的电致变色媒介与电致变色器件的制备与实施例1相同,在此不再赘述。
虽然本发明公开披露如上,但本发明公开的保护范围并非仅限于此。本领域技术人员在不脱离本发明公开的精神和范围的前提下,可进行各种变更与修改,这些变更与修改均将落入本发明的保护范围。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色材料,其特征在于,所述电解质包括含一价金属离子的无机或有机金属盐类、四烷基季铵盐、离子液体中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求2所述的电致变色材料,其特征在于,所述含一价金属离子的无机或有机金属盐类选自Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Cu和Ag盐中的任意一种或几种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电致变色材料,其特征在于,所述离子液体包括胺类、亚胺类、铵类、酯类、膦类、磷类、咪唑类、取代吡啶类、吡咯烷类、磷酸盐、磺酸盐、硫酸盐、硼酸盐、碳酸盐和至少含一个S、N、P杂原子的C4-C60中的任意一种。
5.一种电致变色器件,其特征在于,包括第一电极、第二电极、电致变色媒介、离子交换膜和辅助媒介,且所述电致变色媒介包括如权利要求1-4任一项所述的电致变色材料和液体媒介或固体媒介,且所述电致变色材料分散于所述液体媒介或固体媒介中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电致变色器件,其特征在于,所述第一电极和/或所述第二电极的电极材料选自金、银、铜、汞、铂、钯、钨、铝、锌、氧化锌、氧化铟与氧化锡复合物、碳化钨、碳化镍、石墨、石墨烯和碳纳米管中的任意一种或几种。
7.根据权利要求5所述的电致变色器件,其特征在于,所述离子交换膜的厚度为20nm-500μm,且所述离子交换膜选自质子交换膜、锂离子导电膜、阳离子交换膜、阴离子交换膜或含有所述电解质的液体媒介或固体媒介中的任意一种。
8.根据权利要求5所述的电致变色器件,其特征在于,所述辅助媒介为含有所述电解质的液体媒介或固体媒介,或者,所述辅助媒介为含有所述电解质和具有还原性质的物质的液体媒介或固体媒介。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电致变色器件,其特征在于,所述具有还原性质的物质选自醌类、含有羰基的化合物、含有硝基的化合物、金属盐和金属配合物中的一种。
10.根据权利要求5、7或8所述的电致变色器件,其特征在于,所述液体媒介为溶剂或离子液体,所述固体媒介为高分子聚合物。
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