CN115073434B - 一种检测肼的近红外荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种检测肼的近红外荧光探针及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种检测肼的近红外荧光探针及其合成方法和应用,属于近红外荧光探针的制备和肼的检测领域。该近红外荧光探针的合成方法:将4‑二甲基氨基吡啶,1‑乙基‑3‑(3‑二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和4‑溴丁酸加入到含有化合物1的无水二氯甲烷中,室温搅拌,反应结束后,通过柱色谱分离得到产物肼近红外荧光探针。本发明还提供一种检测肼的方法:近红外荧光探针可以高选择性、高灵敏性地检测水溶液中的肼,同时提供了检测肼的试纸,操作简单、方便、快捷,并且该荧光探针近红外光吸收与荧光发射的特性使其能避免生物自发荧光干扰,因此可将其运用于活细胞中内源性肼的成像。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及水合肼检测试剂,具体涉及一种检测肼的近红外荧光探针及其合成方法和应用。
背景技术
肼又称联氨,在常温常压下为无色发烟液体。根据现有报告,10年前,全球肼的年产量已达到约200,000公吨。肼被用作制造推进剂燃料、塑料泡沫、农业和医药产品的原料。例如,在上个世纪,肼被用作可储存的液体火箭燃料,为阿波罗载人1969年至1972年的登月任务的成功做出了巨大贡献。由于其强碱性和强大的还原性,目前肼的使用模式已转向合成农药如马来酰肼、抗结核药物异烟肼和抗高血压药物肼苯哒嗪等中间体。肼具有广泛的应用领域,但作为一种剧毒物质,肼的广泛使用也增加了在散装储存、运输、使用和污水处理过程中对环境造成污染的风险。因此,在环境分析和生命科学领域非常需要高选择性和高灵敏度的荧光探针用于肼的分析检测。
荧光光谱法具有灵敏度高,准确度高,操作简便快速,能够实时检测等特点,并且通常伴随着溶液颜色的变化,可以通过裸眼识别进行快速检测分析。传统检测肼的荧光探针多数都是可见光激发,这种探针在与肼响应后产生的荧光很容易受到生物体自发荧光的干扰。而近红外荧光分子探针具有灵敏度高,选择性好,组织穿透性强,检测方便等优点。但是如何得到性能更加优异的近红外荧光分子探针,还需要进一步研宄。
试纸比色法操作简单、方便、快捷,不需要特殊仪器设备和专业培训,易于推广,结果清晰易辩,被广泛应用于环境分析、生命科学等诸多领域。寻找一种可用于检测肼的试纸是非常重要的。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种具有良好选择性的检测肼的近红外荧光分子探针及其制备方法和应用,所述探针可以通过光谱法和试纸法快速地、高选择性、高灵敏性地检测水溶液中的肼,且操作简单、方便、快捷,结果清晰易辩。更重要的是该荧光探针可以对内源性肼进行细胞成像。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案为:
一种检测肼的近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr),其结构式为:
一种检测肼的近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)的合成方法,包括如下步骤:
将4-二甲基氨基吡啶,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和4-溴丁酸加入到含有化合物1的无水二氯甲烷中,室温搅拌12-18h,反应结束后,通过柱色谱分离得到终产物肼近红外荧光探针。
反应式如下:
所述化合物1的合成参考文献:Chunmiao Han,Huiran Yang,Min Chen,QianqianSu,Wei Feng,and FuyouLi,Mitochondria-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Off-On Probe forSelective Detection of Cysteine in Living Cells and in Vivo.ACSApplied Materials&Interfaces,2015,7,27968-27975.
作为优选,所述步骤中,4-二甲基氨基吡啶,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐,4-溴丁酸和化合物1的摩尔比为1:3:2:1,所述反应时间为16h;柱色谱分离的展开剂为二氯甲烷:甲醇=30:1。
一种近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)用于检测肼的荧光定量分析方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)配置10-3M CY-OBr的DMSO储备液,配置10-2M肼的水溶液;
(2)取20μL CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,随着肼的加入,溶液逐渐由深蓝色变为青色;随着肼浓度的增加,在荧光光度计上测定730nm处的荧光强度逐渐增强,体系在730nm的荧光强度I730nm和[N2H4]浓度在0-16×10-6M的范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9904),以肼浓度为横坐标,以荧光强度I730nm为纵坐标作图,得到肼浓度与荧光强度的线性方程:F=28.9042+18.5358[N2H4];
(3)取20μL CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,取xμL待测样品溶液加入,用二次水定容到5mL,在荧光分光光度计上检测,测得的荧光强度,带入步骤(2)的线性方程,得到[N2H4],待测样品[N2H4]待测=5000μL×[N2H4]×10-6/xμL,即可求得肼的浓度。
一种检测肼的试纸,其含有近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)。
所述的检测肼的试纸的制备方法,步骤为:将近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)溶于DMSO溶剂中,然后将滤纸条在近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)的DMSO溶液中浸泡、干燥后得到近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)试纸(深蓝色)。
为了保证检测前后试纸颜色变化明显,优选步骤中的近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)的DMSO溶液的浓度为1×10-3M。
将试纸浸泡在浓度为5μM,10μM,15μM,20μM的肼的水溶液后,试纸从深蓝色逐渐变为青色。
一种近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)可以制备成用于细胞内源性肼成像的试剂。探针分子中化合物1为近红外荧光团,能被近红外光激发并发出波长更长的荧光。4-溴丁酸作为强吸电子基团,当其与近红外荧光团连接后,由于分子内电荷转移效应的减弱,4-溴丁酸会使荧光团的荧光被淬灭,而4-溴丁酸被肼进攻后,生成的给电子基羟基又使分子内电荷转移过程增强进而导致荧光团的荧光恢复。通过观察探针与肼响应前后的荧光变化,可以实时监测肼。并且荧光探针的近红外特性可以使得检测的深度以及分辨率得到提高。通过良好的细胞成像效果,可以看到该探针应用于临床之中的潜力。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有以下优点和效果:
(1)方法经济:该荧光探针制备所需试剂价格便宜,产物收率高,检测成本低。
(2)特异性高:该荧光探针在水溶液中可高选择性地实现对肼的检测,不受其他共存物质的干扰。
(3)快捷:检测时间只需40-60s,完全能够满足紧急情况的检测需要。
(4)操作简单方便:只需通过荧光分光光度计进行检测,检测手段简便,结果清晰可辩。
(5)本发明可用于试纸检测肼,不需要特殊仪器设备和专业培训,任何人均可操作。
(6)本发明的近红外荧光探针吸收和发射均在近红外区具有较强的生物体穿透性,还能减少生物体自发荧光的干扰,具有良好的细胞成像效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明近红外荧光探针用于测定肼的荧光光谱图;
图2为本发明近红外荧光探针测定肼的工作曲线图;
图3为本发明近红外荧光探针用于测定肼的紫外吸收光谱图;
图4为共存离子对近红外荧光探针检测肼的影响对比图。
图5为本发明近红外荧光探针试纸检测水溶液中肼时试纸颜色变化图。
图6为本发明近红外荧光探针用于活细胞中内源性肼的荧光成像图。
具体实施方式:
实施例1近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)的合成和表征
化合物1的制备:
根据文献报道的方法(Chunmiao Han,Huiran Yang,Min Chen,Qianqian Su,WeiFeng,and FuyouLi,Mitochondria-Targeted Near-Infrared Fluorescent Off-On Probefor Selective Detection of Cysteine in Living Cells and in Vivo.ACS AppliedMaterials&Interfaces,2015,7,27968-27975.),得到深蓝色固体。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ(ppm):9.142(s,1H),8.617(d,1H),8.34(d,1H),8.177(d,1H),8.127(d,1H),7.882(d,1H),7.716(t,1H),7.592(t,1H),7.519(s,1H),7.459(d,1H),6.867(s,1H),6.807(d 1H),6.477(d,1H),6.175(d,2H),4.491(m,4H),1.996(s,6H),1.843(t,2H),1.417(t,3H)。
近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)的制备:
首先,将201mg化合物1溶于10mL无水二氯甲烷中,然后,将40mg 4-二甲基氨基吡啶,202mg 1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐和120mg 4-溴丁酸加入到上述溶液中,室温搅拌16h,反应结束后,真空除去溶剂,得到深蓝色固体,然后将粗产物在硅胶柱上进行色谱分离,最终得到肼近红外荧光探针。1H NMR(DMSO-d6)δ:8.703(d,1H),8.365(d,1H),8.241(d,1H),8.181(d,1H),8.01(d,1H),7.771(t,1H),7.664(t,1H),7.604(d,1H),7.421(d,2H),7.165(t,2H),6.722(d,H),4.625(d,2H),3.793(t,2H),2.827(t,2H),2.736(m,3H),2.143(m,2H),1.865(t,2H),2.015(s,6H),1.454(t,3H).HRMS(ESI):理论值为C35H35O3NBr(M+):596.17948,实验值为596.17967。
实施例2近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)用于肼的荧光光谱测定
用DMSO配置1mM的CY-OBr储备液,用蒸馏水配置0.01M的肼溶液,并配置pH=7.4、浓度为0.025M的HEPES缓冲溶液;取20μL的CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,分别加入不同体积的肼(2μL、4μL、6μL、8μL、10μL、12μL、14μL),0.5mLHEPES缓冲,用二次水和乙腈混合溶液(v/v=1:1)定容至5mL,摇匀后取2.5mL加到干净的比色皿中,在荧光分光光度计上检测(激发波长为700nm),随着肼的加入,溶液逐渐由深蓝色变为青色,730nm处的荧光强度逐渐增强。荧光光谱图见图1。
实施例3近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)测定肼的线性关系
取20μL的CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,分别加入不同体积的肼(2μL、4μL、6μL、8μL、10μL、12μL、14μL),0.5mLHEPES缓冲,用二次水和乙腈混合溶液(v/v=1:1)定容至5mL,摇匀后取2.5mL加到干净的比色皿中,在荧光分光光度计上检测,随着肼的加入,730nm处的荧光强度逐渐增强,体系在730nm的荧光强度I730nm和[N2H4]浓度在0-16×10-6M的范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9904),以[N2H4]为横坐标,以荧光强度I730nm为纵坐标作图,得到肼浓度与荧光强度的线性方程:F=28.9042+18.5358[N2H4],[N2H4]的单位为10-6mol/L;工作线性图见图2。
实施例4近红外荧光探针(CY-OBr)用于肼的紫外吸收测定
取100μL的CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,分别加入不同体积的肼(2μL、4μL、6μL、8μL、10μL、15μL、20μL、25μL、30μL、40μL、50μL、60μL、70μL),加入0.5mLHEPES缓冲,用二次水和乙腈混合溶液(v/v=1:1)定容至5mL,摇匀后取2.5mL加到干净的比色皿中,在紫外可见分光光度计上检测,随着肼的加入,溶液逐渐由深蓝色变为青色,在568nm处的吸收峰逐渐减弱,603nm处的吸收峰逐渐减弱,并且568nm处的吸收峰发生蓝移至675nm,603nm处的吸收峰蓝移至710nm。紫外光谱吸收图见图3。
实施例5共存分析物对探针检测肼的干扰性的荧光测定
取20μL的CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,分别加入14μL的肼,14μL的其他各种分析物(K+,Ca2+,Na+,Mg2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Co2+,Ni2+,Fe3+,NO3 -,I-,Cl-,Br-,Ac-,SO3 2-,HSO3 -,NO2 -,SO4 2-,HSO4 -,乙胺,乙醇胺,三乙胺),0.5mLHEPES缓冲,用二次水和乙腈混合溶液(v/v=1:1)定容至5mL,摇匀后取2.5mL加到干净的比色皿中,在荧光分光光度计上检测。共存分析物对探针检测肼的荧光强度的干扰见图4。
实验证明,其它常见分析物不干扰体系对肼的测定。
实施例6时间对探针检测肼的影响
取20μL的CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,分别加入14μL肼的水溶液,0.5mLHEPES缓冲,用二次水和乙腈混合溶液(v/v=1:1)定容至5mL,摇匀后取2.5mL加到干净的比色皿中,在荧光分光光度计上检测(激发波长为700nm),可以观察到在加入肼以后,730nm处的荧光强度在40s内瞬间增强并且保持平稳。时间对探针检测肼的影响见图5。
实施例7试纸的制备
将2×1cm的滤纸条用0.1mol/L的HCl浸泡一个小时,然后用蒸馏水洗涤至中性,晾干后备用,将实施例1合成的CY-OBr溶于DMSO溶剂中,然后将准备好的滤纸条浸泡在配置好的CY-OBr溶液中(其中,CY-OBr的浓度为10-3M)0.5h后,干燥后制得含CY-OBr的试纸。
实施例8CY-OBr试纸在检测肼方面的应用
将实施例6制备的含CY-OBr试纸分别浸泡在20μM各种分析物水溶液中(K+,Ca2+,Na+,Mg2+,Cu2+,Zn2+,Ag+,Co2+,Ni2+,Fe3+,NO3 -,I-,Cl-,Br-,Ac-,SO3 2-,HSO3 -,NO2 -,SO4 2-,HSO4 -,乙胺,乙醇胺,三乙胺,肼),1min后,取出试纸,只有肼使试纸的颜色从深蓝色变为青色(见图6a);然后,将实施例6制备的含CY-OBr试纸分别浸泡在5μM,10μM,15μM,20μM的肼水溶液中,1min后,取出试纸,试纸颜色从深蓝色逐渐变为青色(见图6b)。
实施例9近红外荧光探针用于活细胞中内源性肼的荧光成像
在细胞培养皿中铺适当浓度的SMMC-7721细胞,培养至细胞状态优良。配置1mM探针储备液,1mM异烟肼溶液,1mM利福平溶液以及1mM吡咯酰胺溶液。对照组:吸取10μL探针储备液加入培养基中充分混匀,孵育10分钟后,倒掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)冲洗3次。异烟肼(INH)处理组:先将100μL的异烟肼溶液加入细胞培养皿中,孵育3h,然后吸取10μL探针储备液加入培养基中充分混匀,继续孵育10分钟后,倒掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)冲洗3次。利福平(RIF)和吡咯酰胺(PZA)处理组:先分别将100μL的利福平和吡咯酰胺溶液加入细胞培养皿中,孵育3h,然后吸取10μL探针储备液加入培养基中充分混匀,继续孵育10分钟后,倒掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)冲洗3次。异烟肼(INH),利福平(RIF)和吡咯酰胺(PZA)处理组:先分别将100μL的异烟肼,利福平和吡咯酰胺溶液加入细胞培养皿中,孵育3h,然后吸取10μL探针储备液加入培养基中充分混匀,继续孵育10分钟后,倒掉培养基,用PBS缓冲液(pH=7.4)冲洗3次。实验结果表明,对照组以及用利福平和吡咯酰胺处理的一组没有荧光信号产生,而加异烟肼以后,近红外通道观察到明显的荧光信号,同时利福平和吡咯酰胺的加入,促进异烟肼产生更多的肼,使近红外通道荧光信号明显增强,表明探针在细胞中能有很好的细胞成像效果(见图7)。
Claims (9)
3.如权利要求2所述的检测肼的近红外荧光探针CY-OBr的合成方法,其特征在于,所述4-二甲基氨基吡啶,1-乙基-3-(3-二甲氨基丙基)碳二亚胺盐酸盐,4-溴丁酸和化合物1的摩尔比为1:3:2:1,所述搅拌时间为16h。
4.如权利要求2所述的检测肼的近红外荧光探针CY-OBr的合成方法,所述柱色谱分离的展开剂为二氯甲烷:甲醇=30:1。
5.一种用近红外荧光探针CY-OBr检测肼的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)配置10-3M的权利要求1所述CY-OBr的DMSO储备液,配置10-2M肼的水溶液;
(2)取20μL CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,随着肼浓度[N2H4]的增加,溶液逐渐由深蓝色变为青色;在荧光光度计上测定730nm处的荧光强度逐渐增强,体系在730nm的荧光强度I730nm和[N2H4]在0-16×10-6M的范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9904),以[N2H4]浓度为横坐标,以荧光强度I730nm为纵坐标作图,得到[N2H4]与荧光强度的线性方程:F=28.9042+18.5358[N2H4];
(3)取20μL CY-OBr储备液加入干净的比色管中,取xμL待测样品溶液加入,用二次水定容到5mL,在荧光分光光度计上检测,测得的荧光强度,代入步骤(2)的线性方程,得到检测溶液中[N2H4],待测样品中肼的浓度计算如下:[N2H4]待测=5000μL×[N2H4]×10-6/xμL,即可求得肼的浓度。
6.一种检测肼的试纸,其特征在于含有如权利要求1所述的CY-OBr。
7.如权利要求6所述的检测肼的试纸的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤为:将如权利要求1所述的CY-OBr溶于DMSO溶剂中,然后将滤纸条在CY-OBr的DMSO溶液中浸泡、干燥后得到检测肼的试纸。
8.如权利要求7所述试纸的制备方法,所述的CY-OBr的DMSO溶液的浓度为1×10-3M。
9.如权利要求1所述的CY-OBr在制备用于细胞内源性肼成像的试剂中的应用。
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