CN115073217A - System and method for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with salt reduction function - Google Patents
System and method for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with salt reduction function Download PDFInfo
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- CN115073217A CN115073217A CN202210685401.XA CN202210685401A CN115073217A CN 115073217 A CN115073217 A CN 115073217A CN 202210685401 A CN202210685401 A CN 202210685401A CN 115073217 A CN115073217 A CN 115073217A
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Abstract
The invention provides a system and a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with a salt reducing function, and discloses a system and a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with a salt reducing function. The invention can be used for controlling and adjusting the operation condition of the system through real-time remote monitoring of the upper computer, is convenient for man-machine interaction, does not need manpower, is full-automatic, greatly improves the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer, and improves the production quality. The salt-reducing organic fertilizer is prepared from kitchen waste, mainly has a salt-reducing function, meets the requirement of organic fertilizer preparation in a complex real environment, and is very suitable for invention and popularization in the field of actual agriculture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of organic fertilizer preparation, in particular to a system and a method for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with a salt reducing function.
Background
In recent years, with the development of economy, the quality of national life is improved year by year, more and more kitchen waste is produced, but kitchen waste has the problems of high salinity, easy odor generation and the like and is difficult to treat, so the kitchen waste is frequently used as feed, but because the epidemic situation problem is used as feed, potential safety hazard exists, pollution can be caused by landfill and other modes, the problem of preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste can be well solved, but the mode of adding strains manually for fermentation and the like in the market at present is high in cost, and workers with higher chemical professional level need to operate, and the pollution problem exists.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, can remotely monitor the operation condition of the system in real time through the upper computer, performs control adjustment and the like, is convenient for man-machine interaction, does not need manpower, is automatic in the whole process, converts garbage into finished fertilizer, biodiesel, industrial salt and distilled water in the process, has no pollution and waste materials, and generates distilled water for water circulation and salt reduction treatment, and is energy-saving and environment-friendly.
The invention can be realized by the following technical scheme in some embodiments: in order to better practice the invention, one of them,
the invention discloses an organic fertilizer preparation system for kitchen waste with a salt reducing function, which is provided with a three-phase separation device, a salt reducing workshop, a crushing device, an aerobic fermentation device, a composting post-treatment device, a distillation device and a control circuit.
Further, the three-phase separation device, the salt reduction workshop, the crushing device, the aerobic fermentation device and the compost post-treatment device are sequentially connected, the three-phase separation device, the salt reduction workshop and the aerobic fermentation device are respectively connected with the distillation device, and the three-phase separation device, the salt reduction workshop, the crushing device, the aerobic fermentation device, the compost post-treatment device and the distillation device are respectively and electrically connected with the control circuit.
Further, the three-phase separation device comprises a funnel-shaped sedimentation tank at the lower part, an oil-well pump 1011 and a water pump are fixedly installed on the tank wall at the upper part of the sedimentation tank, a discharge valve is installed at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, the liquid inlet ends of the oil-well pump 1011 and the water pump are respectively connected with one ends of two pipelines which can float on the surface of liquid, and the other ends of the pipelines are positioned on the liquid in the sedimentation tank; the discharge valve of the sedimentation tank transfers the solid phase medium 105 to a conveyer belt through a pipeline; the liquid outlet end of the oil well pump 1011 is connected with the oil phase separation box through a pipeline; the liquid outlet end of the water suction pump is connected with the liquid phase separation box through a pipeline, the liquid phase separation box is provided with a water pump and a pressure sensor for detecting the weight of liquid in the liquid phase separation box, the liquid phase separation box is connected with a vacuum distiller of the distillation device through a pipeline, and the water pump is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid phase separation box and the vacuum distiller; and an oil-water probe which is used for judging the upper layer liquid and can float on the surface of the liquid is arranged in the sedimentation tank.
Further, the salt reducing workshop comprises a conveyor belt, atomizing nozzles are arranged above the conveyor belt in parallel, and the atomizing nozzles are connected with a liquid collecting box of the distillation device through a pipeline integrated with a water pump; a plurality of groups of salt-containing detection sensors capable of detecting the salinity of the medium on the conveyor belt are arranged at proper distances beside the conveyor belt; a waste liquid collecting tank is arranged below the conveying belt, a water pump is arranged at the lower end of the waste liquid collecting tank with inclination to transfer waste liquid to the vacuum distiller through a pipeline; and the tail part of the conveying belt is provided with a material containing box in a matching way.
In the scheme, a solid phase after three-phase separation is conveyed to a salt reduction workshop through a conveying belt and is washed through atomized water, a washed water is pumped to a vacuum distiller for salt water separation, separated salt is used as industrial salt, and distilled water is recycled as washing water; and (4) feeding the washed residues into a composting workshop for aerobic fermentation.
Further, the crushing device comprises a crushing pool, the crushing pool is matched with the material containing box through a mechanical arm, a crushing blade is arranged at the bottom of the crushing pool, and the crushing blade is driven to rotate by a crushing motor; the crushing tank is integrated with a discharge door with an electric control discharge valve and is connected with a loader.
Further, the aerobic fermentation device comprises a closed fermentation bin, an integrated electric control feed valve is installed at a feed inlet of the closed fermentation bin, and the feed inlet is connected with a loader; the side wall of the closed fermentation bin is provided with an air blower driven by a variable frequency speed regulating motor and used for supplying oxygen and cooling and an exhaust fan driven by an alternating current motor and used for discharging waste gas in a matching manner, the bottom of the closed fermentation bin is provided with a pile turning machine used for stirring media, a bottom drainage tank is connected with a vacuum distiller, a discharge port of the closed fermentation bin is provided with an integrated electric control discharge valve, and the discharge port is connected with a loader; and a height sensor for detecting the height of the medium in the closed fermentation bin, a humidity sensor for detecting the real-time humidity, a temperature sensor for detecting the real-time temperature and an oxygen concentration sensor for detecting the oxygen content of the medium in the cabin are flexibly arranged in the closed fermentation bin.
In the scheme, the fermentation bin is a closed workshop type structure, and a ventilation and drainage channel is arranged below the fermentation bin. The fermentation chamber is fed and discharged by a loader. The garbage unloaded into the bin is piled up by the loader, the average height of the garbage in the bin is kept to reach a certain height, and the proper humidity is ensured. The fermentation adopts forced ventilation and oxygen supply by a blower. The air blower adopts frequency conversion speed regulation, the rotating speed of the air blower is regulated according to the temperature of the material pile in the fermentation bin so as to ensure that the oxygen concentration in the material pile is not lower than 10 percent, the pile turning machine is used for turning the material pile at regular time, ventilation and air induction are carried out, the oxygen content of fermentation is increased, and the generated waste gas is pumped away in time. The residence time of the garbage in the fermentation bin is 35-45 days, and then the garbage is conveyed to a post-treatment system by a loader.
Further, the compost post-treatment device comprises a bouncing screen, wherein an undersize collector of the bouncing screen is connected with a conveying belt, and the conveying belt is connected with a fine compost storage field; the oversize collector of the bouncing screen is connected with a transmission belt, and the transmission belt is connected with a power plant incinerator.
In the scheme, the rough compost is conveyed to a bouncing sieve for sieving treatment, after the rough compost is sieved by the bouncing sieve, the rough compost materials can be divided into two types of materials with the particle size and the specific gravity of more than 12mm and less than 12mm, and the materials with the particle size of less than 12mm which are sieved are finished fertilizers which are temporarily stored in a fine compost storage field and can be sold to the outside. And (3) delivering the materials with the phi of more than 12mm on the screen to a burning power plant in the park for burning treatment.
Further, the distillation device comprises a vacuum distiller, the vacuum distiller is connected with the liquid collecting box through a high-temperature resistant pipeline, and the vacuum distiller is installed in cooperation with the solid collecting box.
Furthermore, the control circuit comprises a main control chip, a communication circuit and an upper computer which are electrically connected in sequence.
In the scheme, the main control chip collects the three-phase separation device, the salt reduction workshop, the crushing device, the aerobic fermentation device, the compost post-treatment device and the distillation device through the sensors in real time, analysis treatment is carried out, the actions of the three-phase separation device, the salt reduction workshop, the crushing device, the aerobic fermentation device, the compost post-treatment device and electric appliances in the distillation device are controlled, data of the main control chip are transmitted to the upper computer through the communication circuit, man-machine interaction can be carried out through the upper computer, the setting of fermentation time, fermentation temperature, fermentation humidity, fermentation oxygen content, stirring time, rotation speed of a sensor driving motor and the like can be carried out through the upper computer, and the actions of all electric control parts can also be controlled through the upper computer.
Furthermore, the oil-water probe adopts a throw-in type capacitive sensor which can float on liquid.
Furthermore, the water pump is an electric control water pump with adjustable flow and integrated with an electromagnetic valve.
Furthermore, the bouncing sieve adopts an electric particle sieving machine with phi 12 mm.
The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with a salt reduction function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the three phases are separated, and the three phases are separated,
s11: when the settling time reaches a set time, the oil-well pump works to pump oil to the oil-phase separation tank, and at the moment, an oil-water probe floating on the liquid detects that the oil-water probe is not conductive;
s12: when the oil-water probe floating on the liquid detects the conduction, the oil-well pump stops working, the water pump works, and water is pumped to the liquid phase separation box;
s13: when the pressure sensor has no pressure change, the water layer is judged to be completely pumped, the electric control part of the discharge valve works, the discharge valve arranged at the bottom is opened, and the solid-phase medium is transmitted to the conveyor belt through the pipeline; jumping to step S2;
s14: step S11 is carried out, and simultaneously, the medium collected in the oil phase separation box is used as the raw material of the biodiesel;
s15: while the step S12 is being performed, a water pump in the liquid phase separation box sends the medium in the liquid phase separation box to a vacuum distiller of the distillation device through a pipeline; jumping to step S6;
s2: and (3) salt reduction treatment:
s21: after the conveying belt enters a salt reducing workshop, the distilled water is conveyed to the atomizing nozzle from the liquid collecting box by the water pump, the distilled water from the liquid collecting box is sprayed out by the atomizing nozzle, and the medium on the conveying belt is cleaned;
s22: a material containing box is arranged below the tail part of the discharge of the conveying belt in a matching way, and a medium at the tail part of the conveying belt falls into the material containing box under the action of gravity, and the material containing box collects the medium subjected to the salt reduction treatment; jumping to step S3;
s23: step S21 is carried out, after the waste liquid is collected by the waste liquid collecting tank, a water pump transfers the waste liquid to the vacuum distiller for liquid circulation through a pipeline; jumping to step S6;
s24: step S21 is carried out, meanwhile, the salinity of the medium is monitored in real time by a salinity detection sensor and is transmitted to a main control circuit, and the main control circuit controls the flow rate of the water pump and the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveyor belt; when the salinity is too high, the flow of the water pump is increased, and the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveyor belt is reduced; when the salinity is too low, the flow of the water pump is reduced, and the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveying belt is increased;
s3: the feeding is crushed, and the mixture is fed,
s31: after the mechanical arm pours the material containing box into the crushing pool, the crushing motor drives the crushing blade to rotate, and the kitchen waste is crushed;
s32: after the rotation time reaches the set time, the crushing motor stops working;
s33: the electric control part of the discharge valve works, the discharge valve arranged at the bottom is opened, and a medium in the crushing pool enters a first loader through a pipeline; jumping to step S4;
s4: aerobic fermentation is carried out, and then the mixture is fermented,
s41: when the first loader is full, controlling a feeding valve of the closed fermentation bin to act, opening a feeding hole, and feeding a medium into the closed fermentation bin by the first loader;
s42: when the height sensor detects that the height of the medium in the closed fermentation bin reaches a set value, the first loader stops conveying, the discharge valve of the closed fermentation bin is controlled to act, the feed inlet is closed, and fermentation is started;
s43: when the fermentation time is up, the discharge valve of the closed fermentation bin acts, the discharge hole is opened, and the medium is loaded into a second loading machine positioned at the discharge hole of the closed fermentation bin; jumping to step S5;
s44: step S42 is carried out, meanwhile, a humidity sensor detects the humidity of the fermentation medium in real time, a temperature sensor detects the temperature of the fermentation medium in real time, a variable frequency speed regulating motor controls and regulates the rotating speed of a blower, and the temperature of the material pile in the fermentation bin is regulated;
s45: step S42 is carried out, simultaneously, the oxygen concentration sensor detects the oxygen content of the medium in the fermentation chamber in real time, and the variable frequency speed regulating motor and the alternating current motor control the forced ventilation and oxygen supply of the blower and the exhaust fan to pump away the generated waste gas in time;
s46: step S42 is carried out, and meanwhile, a drainage groove is arranged at the bottom to collect waste liquid generated by fermentation in real time; jumping to step S6;
s5: after-treatment of the compost, the compost is treated,
s51: the second loader conveying the media onto a bounce screen, the bounce screen beginning to vibrate;
s52: a screen underflow collector of the bouncing screen transmits a medium with a small diameter to a fine compost storage field through a first conveying belt to be used as finished fertilizer; completing fertilizer preparation;
s53: step S42, simultaneously, the undersize collector of the bouncing screen transmits the medium with large diameter to a power plant incinerator through a second conveyor belt for incineration power generation;
the water is circulated in the S6 circulation system,
s61: the vacuum distiller separates distilled water from industrial salt by heating, the industrial salt is sent to a solid collection box, and the distilled water is sent to a liquid collection box.
Further, the oxygen concentration of the medium in the closed fermentation bin is not lower than 10%.
Further, the fermentation time in the closed fermentation bin is 35-45 days.
Compared with the prior art, the organic fertilizer has the following beneficial effects:
1. the system and the method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function can remotely monitor the operation condition of the system in real time through the upper computer, carry out control and adjustment and the like, and are convenient to interact with a human machine.
2. The system and the method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function, disclosed by the invention, have the advantages that the manual work is not needed, the whole process is automatic, the production efficiency of the organic fertilizer is greatly improved, and the production quality is improved.
3. The system and the method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function have the advantages of energy conservation and environmental protection, the kitchen waste is used for preparing the organic fertilizer, the waste is converted into finished fertilizer, biodiesel, industrial salt and distilled water in the process, the pollution and the waste are avoided, and the produced distilled water is subjected to water circulation for salt reducing treatment.
Drawings
The drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention, the nature, objects, and advantages of the fertilizer, the drawings, which are included in the following description, are merely exemplary embodiments of the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that other drawings may be made in view of these drawings without the exercise of inventive faculty, the drawings of which are briefly described below.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a three-phase separation apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a desalination plant of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a comminution apparatus according to the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an aerobic fermentation apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a composting post-treatment device according to the invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a distillation apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to preferred embodiments as examples. Example embodiments may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the examples set forth herein; rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the concept of example embodiments to those skilled in the art, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following description will only illustrate and describe some preferred embodiments, and will not limit the scope of the present organic fertilizer claims.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning either a fixed connection, a removable connection, or an integral connection; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in a specific case to those of ordinary skill in the art.
The following organic fertilizer examples of the present invention are described in detail:
in order to better practice the invention, one of them,
the invention discloses an organic fertilizer preparation system for kitchen waste with a salt reducing function, which is provided with a three-phase separation device 1, a salt reducing workshop 2, a crushing device 3, an aerobic fermentation device 4, a compost post-treatment device 5, a distillation device 6 and a control circuit 7.
In order to better implement the invention, one of the three-phase separation device 1, the salt reduction workshop 2, the crushing device 3, the aerobic fermentation device 4 and the compost post-treatment device 5 are connected in sequence, wherein the three-phase separation device 1, the salt reduction workshop 2 and the aerobic fermentation device 4 are respectively connected with the distillation device 6, and wherein the three-phase separation device 1, the salt reduction workshop 2, the crushing device 3, the aerobic fermentation device 4, the compost post-treatment device 5 and the distillation device 6 are respectively electrically connected with the control circuit 7.
In order to better implement the invention, one of the three-phase separation device 1 comprises a sedimentation tank 101 with a funnel-shaped lower part, wherein an oil-well pump 1011 and a water pump are fixedly arranged on the tank wall of the upper part of the sedimentation tank 101, a discharge valve is arranged at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, the liquid inlet ends of the oil-well pump 1011 and the water pump are respectively connected with one end of two pipelines which can float on the liquid surface material, and the other end of each pipeline is positioned on the liquid in the sedimentation tank 101; wherein the discharge valve of the sedimentation tank 101 transfers the solid phase medium 105 to the conveyor belt 201 through a pipeline; wherein the liquid outlet end of the oil well pump 1011 is connected with the oil phase 104 separation box through a pipeline; the liquid outlet end of the water suction pump is connected with the liquid phase 102 separation box through a pipeline, the liquid phase 102 separation box is provided with a water pump 103 and a pressure sensor for detecting the weight of liquid in the liquid phase 102 separation box, the liquid phase 102 separation box is connected with the vacuum distiller 601 of the distillation device 6 through a pipeline, and the water pump 103 is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid phase 102 separation box and the vacuum distiller 601; wherein, an oil-water probe 106 which is used for judging the upper liquid and can float on the surface of the liquid is arranged in the sedimentation tank 101.
In order to better implement the invention, one of the salt-reducing plants 2 comprises a conveyor belt 201, wherein an atomizing nozzle 202 is arranged above the conveyor belt 201 in parallel, wherein the atomizing nozzle 202 is connected with a liquid collecting box 603 of the distillation device 6 through a pipeline integrated with a water pump 203; wherein, a plurality of groups of salt-containing detection sensors 206 capable of detecting the salinity of the medium on the conveyor belt are arranged at proper distances beside the conveyor belt 201; wherein a waste liquid collecting tank 205 is arranged below the conveyor belt 201, wherein the waste liquid collecting tank 205 has an inclination and a water pump 204 is arranged at the lower end of the waste liquid collecting tank 205 to transfer the waste liquid to the vacuum distiller 601 through a pipeline; wherein, the tail part of the conveyor belt 201 is provided with a material containing box in a matching way.
In order to better implement the invention, one of the crushing devices 3 comprises a crushing pool 301, wherein the crushing pool 301 is matched with a material containing box through a mechanical arm, a crushing blade 302 is arranged at the bottom of the crushing pool 301, and the crushing blade 302 is driven to rotate by a crushing motor 303; the discharge door, in which the crushing tank 301 is integrated with an electrically controlled discharge valve, is connected to a loader 402.
In order to better implement the invention, one of the two fermentation devices is that the aerobic fermentation device 4 comprises a closed fermentation bin 401, wherein an integrated electric control feeding valve is arranged at a feeding port of the closed fermentation bin 401, and the feeding port is connected with a loader 402; wherein the side wall of the closed fermentation bin 401 is provided with a blower 405 driven by a variable frequency speed control motor 404 and used for supplying oxygen and reducing temperature and an exhaust fan driven by an alternating current motor 406 and used for discharging waste gas, wherein the bottom of the closed fermentation bin 401 is provided with a pile turning machine 403 used for stirring media, a bottom drainage tank 409 is connected with a vacuum distiller 601, a discharge port of the closed fermentation bin 401 is provided with an integrated electric control discharge valve, and the discharge port is connected with a loader 408; wherein, a height sensor 410 for detecting the height of the medium in the closed fermentation chamber 401, a real-time humidity sensor 411, a real-time temperature sensor 412 and an oxygen concentration sensor 413 for detecting the oxygen content of the medium in the chamber are flexibly arranged in the closed fermentation chamber 401.
To better practice one of these inventions, the composting post-processing device 5 includes a bouncing screen 501, wherein the undersize collector 502 of the bouncing screen 501 is connected to a first conveyor belt 503, wherein the first conveyor belt 503 is connected to a fine compost storage 504; wherein the oversize collector 505 of the bouncing screen 501 is connected to a second conveyor 506, wherein the second conveyor 506 is connected to a power plant incinerator 507.
In order to better implement the invention, one of them, the distillation device 6 comprises a vacuum distiller 601, wherein the vacuum distiller 601 is connected with a liquid collecting box 603 through a high temperature resistant pipeline, and the vacuum distiller 601 is installed with a solid collecting box 602.
In order to better implement the present invention, one of the control circuits 7 includes a main control chip 701, a communication circuit 702 and an upper computer 703 electrically connected in sequence.
Wherein the oil-water probe 106 adopts a drop-in type capacitive sensor which can float on the liquid.
The water pump 203 is an electrically controlled water pump with adjustable flow rate and integrated with an electromagnetic valve.
The bouncing screen 501 adopts an electric particle screening machine with the phi of 12 mm.
The invention discloses a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with a salt reduction function, which comprises the following steps:
s1: the three phases are separated, and the three phases are separated,
s11: when the settling time reaches a set time, the oil-water pump 1011 works to pump oil to the oil-phase separation tank 104, and the oil-water probe 106 floating on the liquid detects that the oil-water probe is not conductive;
s12: when the oil-water probe 106 floating on the liquid detects the conduction, the oil-well pump 1011 stops working and the water pump works to pump water to the liquid phase separation tank 102;
s13: when the pressure sensor has no pressure change, the water layer is judged to be completely pumped, the electric control part of the discharge valve works, the discharge valve arranged at the bottom is opened, and the solid-phase medium 105 is transmitted to the conveyor belt 201 through the pipeline; jumping to step S2;
s14: while step S11 is being performed, the medium collected in the oil phase separation tank 104 is used as a raw material for biodiesel;
s15: while step S12 is being performed, the water pump 103 in the liquid phase separation tank 102 sends the medium in the liquid phase separation tank 102 to the vacuum distiller 601 of the distillation apparatus 6 through a pipe; jumping to step S6;
s2: and (3) salt reduction treatment:
s21: after the conveyor belt 201 enters a salt-reducing workshop, the water pump 203 sends distilled water to the atomizing nozzle 202 from the liquid collecting box 603, and the atomizing nozzle 202 sprays the distilled water from the liquid collecting box 603 to clean the medium on the conveyor belt;
s22: a material containing box is arranged below the tail part of the discharged material of the conveying belt 201 in a matching way, and due to the action of gravity, the medium at the tail part of the conveying belt falls into the material containing box which collects the medium after the salt reduction treatment; jumping to step S3;
s23: while step S21 is performed, after the waste liquid is collected by the waste liquid collecting tank 205, the water pump 204 transfers the waste liquid to the vacuum distiller 601 through a pipeline for liquid circulation; jumping to step S6;
s24: step S21 is carried out, meanwhile, the salinity of the medium is monitored in real time by the salinity detection sensor 206 and transmitted to the main control circuit, and the main control circuit controls the flow rate of the water pump 203 and the rotating speed of the driving motor of the conveyor belt 201; when the salinity is too high, the flow of the water pump 203 is increased, and the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveyor belt 201 is reduced; when the salinity is too low, the flow of the water pump 203 is reduced, and the rotating speed of the driving motor of the conveyor belt 201 is increased;
s3: the feeding is crushed, and the mixture is fed,
s31: after the mechanical arm pours the material containing box into the crushing pool 301, the crushing motor 303 drives the crushing blade 101 to rotate, and the kitchen waste is crushed;
s32: after the rotation time reaches the set time, the crushing motor 303 stops working;
s33: the electric control part of the discharge valve works, the discharge valve arranged at the bottom is opened, and the medium in the crushing pool 301 enters the first loader 402 through a pipeline; jumping to step S4;
s4: aerobic fermentation is carried out, and then the mixture is fermented,
s41: when the first loader 402 is full, controlling the action of a feeding valve of the closed fermentation bin 401, opening a feeding hole, and feeding a medium into the closed fermentation bin 401 by the first loader 402;
s42: when the height sensor 410 detects that the height of the medium in the closed fermentation bin 401 reaches a set value, the first loader 402 stops conveying, the discharge valve of the closed fermentation bin 401 is controlled to act, the feed inlet is closed, and fermentation is started;
s43: when the fermentation time is up, the discharge valve of the closed fermentation bin 401 acts, the discharge hole is opened, and the medium is loaded into a second loader 408 positioned at the discharge hole of the closed fermentation bin 401; jumping to step S5;
s44: step S42 is carried out, meanwhile, the humidity sensor 411 detects the humidity of the fermentation medium in real time, the temperature sensor 412 detects the temperature of the fermentation medium in real time, the variable-frequency speed regulating motor 404 controls and regulates the rotating speed of the blower, and the temperature of the material pile in the fermentation bin is regulated;
s45: step S42 is carried out, simultaneously, the oxygen concentration sensor 413 detects the oxygen content of the medium in the fermentation chamber in real time, and the variable frequency speed regulating motor 404 and the alternating current motor 406 control the forced ventilation and oxygen supply of the blower and the exhaust fan to timely pump away the generated waste gas;
s46: step S42 is carried out, and meanwhile, a drainage groove 409 is arranged at the bottom to collect waste liquid generated by fermentation in real time; jumping to step S6;
s5: after-treatment of the compost,
s51: the second loader 408 delivers the media onto the bounce screen 501, which begins to vibrate;
s52: the undersize collector 502 of the bouncing screen 501 transfers the medium with small diameter to a fine compost storage area 504 through a first conveying belt 503 to be used as finished fertilizer; completing fertilizer preparation;
s53: step S42, at the same time, the undersize 505 collector of the bouncing screen 501 transfers the medium with large diameter to a power plant incinerator 507 through a second conveyor belt 506 for incineration power generation;
the water is circulated in the S6 circulation system,
s61: the vacuum still 601 separates the distilled water from the industrial salt by heating, the industrial salt is sent to the solid collection tank 602, and the distilled water is sent to the liquid collection tank 603.
In order to better implement the invention, one of the two fermentation chambers is characterized in that the oxygen concentration of the medium in the closed fermentation chamber 401 is not lower than 10%.
In order to better implement the invention, the fermentation time in the closed fermentation chamber 401 is 35-45 days.
The invention is described in detail by referring to the specific embodiments of the system and the method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reduction function in combination with the attached drawings. However, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is merely illustrative and descriptive of some specific embodiments and that the scope of the organic fertilizer of the present invention, and particularly the scope of the claims, is not limiting in any way.
Claims (10)
1. A system for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with a salt reduction function is characterized by being provided with a three-phase separation device (1), a salt reduction workshop (2), an aerobic fermentation device (4), a compost post-treatment device (5) and a distillation device (6), wherein the three-phase separation device, the salt reduction workshop (2), the aerobic fermentation device and the compost post-treatment device are respectively electrically connected with a control circuit (7);
a discharge valve (1014) of a solid phase (105) of the three-phase separation device (1) is positioned at the bottom of a bucket type sedimentation tank, a power pump (1015) on the discharge valve (1014) conveys solids to a feeding part of a conveyor belt (201) of a salt reduction workshop (2) positioned below the discharge valve (1014) through a pipeline, the feeding part of the conveyor belt is higher than a discharging part, a material bearing box (207) is installed at the discharging part of the conveyor belt (201) of the salt reduction workshop (2) in a matching way, the material bearing box (207) is taken by a mechanical arm (304) installed on a crushing device (3) and poured into a crushing pool (305), the crushing pool (305) is bucket type, a first loading machine (402) of an aerobic fermentation device (4) is arranged below a crushing pool discharging port (305) at the bottom of the crushing pool, after the first loading machine (402) enters a closed fermentation bin (401) through an opened bin gate (4011), a car bucket is poured to rotate by 90 degrees to put media into the closed fermentation bin (401), a second loader (408) of the aerobic fermentation device (4) is parked at a discharge hole (4012) of the closed fermentation bin, and a hopper of the second loader (408) can rotate by 90 degrees to dump media into a bouncing sieve (501) of the compost post-treatment device (5);
the aerobic fermentation device (4) comprises a closed fermentation bin (401), an electric control feeding valve is installed at a feeding port of the closed fermentation bin (401), and the feeding port is connected with a first loading machine (402); the closed fermentation bin (401) is provided with an air blower (405) used for supplying oxygen and cooling for the closed fermentation bin (401) and an exhaust fan (407) used for discharging waste gas generated by fermentation in the closed fermentation bin (401) in a matching manner, the air blower (405) is driven by a variable frequency speed regulating motor (404), the exhaust fan (407) is driven by an alternating current motor (406), the bottom of the closed fermentation bin (401) is provided with a pile turning machine (403) used for stirring a medium, a bottom drainage tank (409) is connected with a vacuum distiller (601), a discharge hole of the closed fermentation bin (401) is provided with an integrated electric control discharge valve, and the discharge hole is connected with a second loader (408); a height sensor (410) for detecting the height of a medium in the closed fermentation bin (401), a humidity sensor (411) for detecting real-time humidity, a temperature sensor (412) for detecting real-time temperature and an oxygen concentration sensor (413) for detecting the oxygen content of the medium in the cabin are flexibly arranged in the closed fermentation bin (401);
the control circuit (7) comprises a main control chip (701), a communication circuit (702) and an upper computer (703) which are electrically connected in sequence.
2. The system for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function according to claim 1, wherein the three-phase separation device (1) comprises a funnel-shaped sedimentation tank (101) at the lower part, an oil pump (1011) and a water pump (1012) are fixedly installed on the tank wall at the upper part of the sedimentation tank (101), a discharge valve (1014) is installed at the bottom of the sedimentation tank, the liquid inlet ends of the oil pump (1011) and the water pump (1012) are respectively connected with one end of two light pipelines (1013) which can float on the surface of liquid, and the other end of each light pipeline (1013) is positioned on the liquid in the sedimentation tank (101); a discharge valve (1014) of the sedimentation tank (101) is provided with a power pump (1015) which transmits the solid-phase medium (105) to the conveyor belt (201) through a pipeline; the liquid outlet end of the oil well pump (1011) is connected with the oil phase separation tank (104) through a pipeline; the liquid outlet end of the water suction pump (1012) is connected with the liquid phase separation box (102) through a pipeline, the liquid phase separation box (102) is provided with a water pump (103) and a pressure sensor for detecting the weight of liquid in the liquid phase separation box (102), the liquid phase separation box (102) is connected with a vacuum distiller (601) of the distillation device (6) through a pipeline, and the water pump (103) is arranged on the pipeline between the liquid phase separation box (102) and the vacuum distiller (601); and a surface oil-water probe (106) which is used for judging upper-layer liquid and can float on the liquid surface is arranged in the sedimentation tank (101).
3. The system for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with salt reducing function according to claim 1, wherein the salt reducing workshop (2) comprises a conveyor belt (201), an atomizing nozzle (202) is installed above the conveyor belt (201) in parallel, and the atomizing nozzle (202) is connected with a liquid collecting box (603) of the distillation device (6) through a pipeline integrated with a water pump (203); a plurality of groups of salt-containing detection sensors (206) capable of detecting the salinity of the medium on the conveyor belt are arranged above the conveyor belt (201); a waste liquid collecting tank (205) is arranged below the conveyor belt (201), a water pump (204) is arranged at the lower end of the waste liquid collecting tank (205) with inclination, and waste liquid is conveyed to the vacuum distiller (601) through a pipeline; and the tail part of the conveying belt (201) is provided with a material containing box (207) in a matching way.
4. The system for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function according to claim 1, wherein the compost post-processing device (5) comprises a bounce screen (501), a discharge port of an undersize collector (502) of the bounce screen (501) is positioned above a feed end of a first conveyor belt (503), and the first conveyor belt (503) conveys the undersize to a fine compost storage yard (504) for stacking and storage; the discharge hole of the oversize collector (505) of the bouncing screen (501) is positioned above the feed end of a second conveyor belt (506), and the oversize is transported to a power plant incinerator (507) by the second conveyor belt (506) to be incinerated for power generation.
5. The system for preparing organic fertilizer from kitchen waste with salt reducing function according to claim 1, wherein the distillation device (6) comprises a vacuum distiller (601), the vacuum distiller (601) is connected with the liquid collection box (603) through a high temperature resistant pipeline, and the vacuum distiller (601) is installed in cooperation with the solid collection box (602).
6. The system for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function according to claim 1, wherein the oil-water probe (106) adopts a throw-in type capacitive sensor capable of floating on liquid; the water pump (203) is an electric control water pump with adjustable flow and integrated with an electromagnetic valve.
7. The system for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function according to claim 1, wherein the bouncing sieve (501) adopts an electric particle sieving machine with a sieving hole diameter phi of 12 mm.
8. The control method of the system for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function, which is disclosed by any one of claims 1 to 7, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: s1: the three phases are separated, and the three phases are separated,
s11: when the settling time reaches a set time, the oil-water pump (1011) works to pump oil to the oil-phase separation tank (104), and the oil-water probe (106) floating on the liquid detects that the oil-water probe is not conductive;
s12: when the oil-water probe (106) floating on the liquid detects the conduction, the oil-well pump (1011) stops working, the water pump works, and water is pumped to the liquid phase separation tank (102);
s13: when the pressure sensor has no pressure change, the water layer is judged to be completely pumped, the electric control part of the discharge valve works, the discharge valve arranged at the bottom is opened, and the solid-phase medium (105) is transmitted to the conveyor belt (201) through the pipeline; jumping to step S2;
s14: while step S11 is being performed, collecting a medium in the oil phase separation tank (104) as a raw material of the biodiesel;
s15: a vacuum distiller (601) for feeding the medium in the liquid phase separation tank (102) to the distillation device (6) through a pipeline by a water pump (103) in the liquid phase separation tank (102) while performing step S12; jumping to step S6;
s2: and (3) salt reduction treatment:
s21: after the conveyor belt (201) enters a salt reducing workshop, a water pump (203) sends distilled water to an atomizing nozzle (202) from a liquid collecting box (603), and the atomizing nozzle (202) sprays the distilled water from the liquid collecting box (603) to clean media on the conveyor belt;
s22: a material containing box is arranged below the tail part of the discharged material of the conveyor belt (201) in a matching way, and due to the action of gravity, the medium at the tail part of the conveyor belt falls into the material containing box which collects the medium after the salt reduction treatment; jumping to step S3;
s23: when the step S21 is carried out, after the waste liquid is collected by the waste liquid collecting tank (205), a water pump (204) transfers the waste liquid to the vacuum distiller (601) through a pipeline for liquid circulation; jumping to step S6;
s24: step S21 is carried out, meanwhile, a salt content detection sensor (206) monitors the salinity of the medium in real time and transmits the salinity of the medium to a main control circuit, and the main control circuit controls the flow rate of the water pump (203) and the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveyor belt (201); when the salinity is too high, the flow of the water pump (203) is increased, and the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveyor belt (201) is reduced; when the salinity is too low, the flow of the water pump (203) is reduced, and the rotating speed of a driving motor of the conveyor belt (201) is increased;
s3: the feeding is crushed, and the mixture is fed,
s31: after the mechanical arm pours the material containing box into the crushing pool (301), the crushing motor (303) drives the crushing blade (101) to rotate, and the kitchen waste is crushed;
s32: after the rotation time reaches the set time, the crushing motor (303) stops working;
s33: the electric control part of the discharge valve works, the discharge valve arranged at the bottom is opened, and the medium in the crushing pool (301) enters a first loader (402) through a pipeline; jumping to step S4;
s4: aerobic fermentation is carried out, and then the mixture is fermented,
s41: when the first loader (402) is full, controlling a feed valve of the closed fermentation bin (401) to act, opening a feed port, and feeding a medium into the closed fermentation bin (401) by the first loader (402);
s42: when the height sensor (410) detects that the height of the medium in the closed fermentation bin (401) reaches a set value, the first loader (402) stops conveying, the discharge valve of the closed fermentation bin (401) is controlled to act, the feed inlet is closed, and fermentation is started;
s43: when the fermentation time is up, a discharge valve of the closed fermentation bin (401) acts, a discharge hole is opened, and a medium is loaded into a second loading machine (408) positioned at the discharge hole of the closed fermentation bin (401); jumping to step S5;
s44: step S42 is carried out, meanwhile, a humidity sensor (411) detects the humidity of the fermentation medium in real time, a temperature sensor (412) detects the temperature of the fermentation medium in real time, a variable frequency speed regulating motor (404) controls and regulates the rotating speed of a blower, and the temperature of the material pile in the fermentation bin is regulated;
s45: step S42 is carried out, simultaneously, the oxygen concentration sensor (413) detects the oxygen content of the medium in the fermentation chamber in real time, and the variable frequency speed regulating motor (404) and the alternating current motor (406) control the forced ventilation and oxygen supply of the blower and the exhaust fan to timely exhaust the generated waste gas;
s46: step S42 is carried out, and meanwhile, a drainage groove (409) is arranged at the bottom to collect waste liquid generated by fermentation in real time; jumping to step S6;
s5: after-treatment of the compost,
s51: the second loader (408) transferring media onto a bouncing screen (501), the bouncing screen beginning to vibrate;
s52: a screen underflow collector (502) of the bouncing screen (501) transfers the medium with small diameter to a fine compost storage field (504) through a first conveying belt (503) to be used as finished fertilizer; completing fertilizer preparation;
s53: step S42, simultaneously, the undersize (505) collector of the bouncing screen (501) transfers the medium with large diameter to a power plant incinerator (507) through a second conveyor belt (506) for incineration power generation;
the water is circulated in the S6 circulation system,
s61: the vacuum still (601) separates the distilled water from the industrial salt by heating, the industrial salt is sent to the solid collection tank (602) and the distilled water is sent to the liquid collection tank (603).
9. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function according to claim 8, wherein the concentration of medium oxygen in the closed fermentation bin (401) is not lower than 10%.
10. The method for preparing the organic fertilizer from the kitchen waste with the salt reducing function according to claim 8, wherein the fermentation time in the closed fermentation bin (401) is 35-45 days.
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