CN110723994A - Method for preparing fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage - Google Patents
Method for preparing fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage Download PDFInfo
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- CN110723994A CN110723994A CN201910878738.0A CN201910878738A CN110723994A CN 110723994 A CN110723994 A CN 110723994A CN 201910878738 A CN201910878738 A CN 201910878738A CN 110723994 A CN110723994 A CN 110723994A
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- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 91
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910003480 inorganic solid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000193385 Geobacillus stearothermophilus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003225 biodiesel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000007530 organic bases Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000008446 instant noodles Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 241000006382 Bacillus halodurans Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010806 kitchen waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008162 cooking oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010791 domestic waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010336 energy treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002352 surface water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
- C05F5/002—Solid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. seed coats, olive pits, almond shells, fruit residue, rice hulls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B5/00—Operations not covered by a single other subclass or by a single other group in this subclass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/02—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only
- C10L1/026—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on components consisting of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen only for compression ignition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B13/00—Recovery of fats, fatty oils or fatty acids from waste materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing a fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage, which specifically comprises the following steps: (1) sorting to obtain organic solid waste; (2) extruding to obtain an organic base material; (3) crushing to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size of less than 2 cm; (4) fully stirring and mixing the organic matter powder, the sawdust and the bran, and then adding water to obtain a fermentation substrate with the water content of 40-50 wt%; (5) adding microbial preparation, stirring, fermenting, sterilizing, and drying. The water content of the organic fertilizer prepared by the method is 15-20%, the organic fertilizer is easy to load, unload, transport and store, and can be completely recycled, so that the traditional fertilizer preparation process is industrialized, automated and efficient; meanwhile, the waste can be effectively solved and reasonably utilized, the waste can be effectively reduced, and the reutilization of the waste and the cyclic development of resources are realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection, in particular to a method for preparing a fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage.
Background
With the increasing economic growth of our country, the living standard of residents is remarkably improved, the catering industry has become a very important component for the economic development and the basic demand of the daily life of the masses, and meanwhile, the yield of domestic garbage and kitchen garbage is increased day by day. The catering structure in China is complex, and if the kitchen waste generated every day cannot be effectively treated in time, the kitchen waste not only brings huge risks to livestock and poultry breeding, but also causes a large amount of illegal cooking oil to return to a dining table, pollutes the environment and seriously affects the food safety and the body health. In order to create a good living environment, the disposal of the domestic garbage and the kitchen garbage must be paid high attention, so that the establishment of harmless treatment and resource utilization projects of the domestic garbage and the kitchen garbage is a necessary way for garbage disposal.
At present, domestic garbage and kitchen garbage mainly have the following treatment modes:
smash direct vent, be about to domestic waste and kitchen garbage smash the back again through municipal pipe network discharge, however, this kind of treatment mode will consume a large amount of clean water resources, and a large amount of discarded grease of production both blockked up municipal pipe network and sewer pipe easily, still can increase the processing load and the processing degree of difficulty of sewage simultaneously, increase the propagation etc. of disease.
The landfill treatment is to send the household garbage, the kitchen garbage and the common waste into a landfill site for landfill treatment, and although the treatment mode is simple and easy to operate, a large amount of organic substances in the garbage can be decomposed, the influence on the environment is small, the leakage can occur, the influence on surface water and underground water is caused, and the selection of the landfill soil is more and more difficult.
And (3) feed treatment, namely, after the measures of dewatering, heating, desalting, sterilizing and the like are carried out on the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, finally, a protein feed substance meeting the sanitary standard is generated. The treatment mode improves the use value of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, reserves nutrient substances in the household garbage and the kitchen garbage to the maximum extent, but has potential risk of short circuit of food chains.
The common methods for energy treatment include an incineration method, a fermentation method and a thermal decomposition method, but the efficiency of converting the incineration method into heat energy is low, auxiliary fuel needs to be added during combustion, so that the investment is large, and the treatment of the incineration tail gas is also a difficult problem; the fermentation method does not well utilize the protein in the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, so that certain waste is caused, and the improvement of the process is needed; the thermal decomposition method has less research in the present stage, the technology is not mature, and the application has certain limitation.
Compared with the prior art, the fertilizer treatment method has the advantages that the fertilizer treatment method is widely applied and mainly comprises aerobic composting and anaerobic digestion, but the treatment method has large occupied area and long treatment period, the pollution generated in the treatment process can cause secondary pollution to the environment, the efficiency is more under the control condition, the fertilizer output quality is poor, and the output cost is high.
Therefore, how to develop an environment-friendly and pollution-free method for preparing fertilizer by recycling household garbage and kitchen garbage is a problem which needs to be solved urgently by technical personnel in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for producing a fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage, so as to solve the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for preparing a fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste, inorganic solid waste and oily wastewater;
(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;
(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;
(4) mixing: mixing the organic matter powder obtained in the step (3), sawdust and bran, fully stirring, and then adding water to obtain a fermentation substrate with the water content of 40-50 wt%;
(5) fermentation: and (4) adding a microbial preparation into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting, sterilizing and drying to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Further, in the step (1), the organic solid waste is leftovers, vegetable leaves, fruit peels, tea leaves and the like, and the inorganic solid waste is plastic products, instant noodle boxes, pop cans, spoons, chopsticks, bottle caps and the like.
Further, in the step (4), the mass ratio of the organic matter powder, the sawdust and the bran is 60-80: 20-25: 15-20.
Further, in the step (5), the mass ratio of the microbial preparation to the fermentation substrate is 1: 5000-10000.
Further, in the step (5), the microbial preparation is prepared by mixing bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus lactis, bacillus halodurans and bacillus amyloliquefaciens according to the mass ratio of 1.0-1.2: 0.8-1.0: 0.6-0.8.
Further, the microbial preparation has viable count of 2 × 108～5×108CFU/g。
Further, in the step (5), the fermentation conditions are as follows: the stirring speed is 100-150 rpm, the ventilation amount is 300-500 vvm, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the time is 8-12 hours.
Further, in the step (5), the sterilization temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the time is 30-45 min; the drying temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 15-20 min.
Further, the method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage further comprises the following steps:
sorting the inorganic solid wastes obtained in the step (1) again, performing waste plastic treatment on the generated plastic wastes, performing brick making treatment on the masonry wastes, and performing heat energy conversion treatment on the fiber wastes;
mixing the oily wastewater obtained in the step (1) and the oily wastewater obtained in the step (2), performing oil-water separation, performing sewage treatment on the generated wastewater to reach the standard, discharging, and performing resource recovery on the generated waste oil to prepare biodiesel;
and (3) cooling and deodorizing the waste gas generated in the extrusion process in the step (2) to reach the standard, and then discharging.
According to the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the invention, solid-liquid separation, crushing, salt reduction, lipid reduction and other treatment are carried out on the organic solid wastes in the household garbage and the kitchen garbage, so that organic matter powder for fermentation is obtained; then adding efficient microbial agents, fermenting the organic base materials into soil organic fertilizer raw materials, sterilizing and drying at high temperature after fermentation, wherein the water content of the prepared organic fertilizer is 15-20%, the organic fertilizer is easy to transport, transport and store, and can be completely recycled, so that the industrialization, automation and high efficiency of the traditional fertilizer preparation process are realized, and the 'waste is turned into wealth' is really realized;
2. the inorganic solid waste is sorted again and treated respectively, the oily wastewater is subjected to oil-water separation and resource recovery and sewage treatment respectively, the waste gas is cooled and deodorized, the waste gas treatment process is finished under vacuum, steam and odor in the waste gas are condensed, zero emission of odor is realized, no odor is generated, no disturbance to people is caused, no odor is generated outdoors through technical innovation, zero emission of waste gas is realized, and no pollution is really realized;
3. according to the invention, the waste in the household garbage and the kitchen garbage is finally solidified into the organic fertilizer, the waste gas and the waste water reach the discharge standard, and the waste oil is used as the biodiesel, so that the waste can be effectively solved and reasonably utilized, the waste can be effectively reduced, and the reutilization of the waste and the cyclic development of resources can be realized; meanwhile, the pollution of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage to the environment and the secondary pollution caused by secondary transportation can be reduced, the harm of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage to the health and safety of people can be effectively avoided, the food safety and health are guaranteed, the environmental pollution is prevented, and the resources are saved;
4. the fertilizer preparation method of the invention has the advantages of small occupied area of the used equipment, no influence on the life of surrounding residents, capability of being located in canteens of enterprises and public institutions, large-scale commercial districts and residential districts, small occupied area, small investment and low operation cost.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste (such as leftovers, vegetable leaves, fruit peels, tea residues and the like), inorganic solid waste (such as plastic products, instant noodle boxes, pop cans, spoons, chopsticks, bottle caps and the like) and oily wastewater;
(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;
(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;
(4) mixing: fully stirring and mixing 60kg of the organic powder obtained in the step (3), 20kg of sawdust and 20kg of bran, and then adding 100kg of water to obtain 200kg of fermentation substrate with the water content of 50 wt%;
(5) fermentation: and (3) adding 20g of microbial preparation (wherein 4.8g of Bacillus stearothermophilus, 4.8g of Bacillus subtilis, 4.0g of Bacillus lactis, 4.0g of Bacillus halodurans and 2.4g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting at the rotation speed of 100rpm and the ventilation volume of 300vvm at the temperature of 50 ℃ for 8h, sterilizing at the temperature of 80 ℃ for 30min, and drying at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 15min to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example 2
The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste (such as leftovers, vegetable leaves, fruit peels, tea residues and the like), inorganic solid waste (such as plastic products, instant noodle boxes, pop cans, spoons, chopsticks, bottle caps and the like) and oily wastewater;
(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;
(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;
(4) mixing: fully stirring and mixing 60kg of the organic material powder obtained in the step (3), 25kg of sawdust and 15kg of bran, and then adding 100kg of water to obtain 200kg of fermentation substrate with the water content of 50 wt%;
(5) fermentation: and (3) adding 20g of microbial preparation (wherein 4.8g of Bacillus stearothermophilus, 4.8g of Bacillus subtilis, 4.0g of Bacillus lactis, 3.2g of Bacillus halodurans and 3.2g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting at the rotation speed of 110rpm and the ventilation volume of 350vvm at 53 ℃ for 8h, sterilizing at 83 ℃ for 35min, and drying at 63 ℃ for 16min to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example 3
The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste (such as leftovers, vegetable leaves, fruit peels, tea residues and the like), inorganic solid waste (such as plastic products, instant noodle boxes, pop cans, spoons, chopsticks, bottle caps and the like) and oily wastewater;
(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;
(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;
(4) mixing: fully stirring and mixing 70kg of organic matter powder obtained in the step (3), 20kg of sawdust and 20kg of bran, and then adding 90kg of water to obtain 200kg of fermentation substrate with the water content of 45 wt%;
(5) fermentation: and (3) adding 30g of microbial preparation (wherein 7.2g of Bacillus stearothermophilus, 7.2g of Bacillus subtilis, 6.0g of Bacillus lactis, 4.8g of Bacillus halodurans and 4.8g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting at the rotation speed of 120rpm and the ventilation volume of 400vvm at 55 ℃ for 10h, sterilizing at 85 ℃ for 40min, and drying at 65 ℃ for 18min to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example 4
The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste (such as leftovers, vegetable leaves, fruit peels, tea residues and the like), inorganic solid waste (such as plastic products, instant noodle boxes, pop cans, spoons, chopsticks, bottle caps and the like) and oily wastewater;
(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;
(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;
(4) mixing: fully stirring and mixing 75kg of the organic powder obtained in the step (3), 25kg of sawdust and 20kg of bran, and then adding 80kg of water to obtain 200kg of fermentation substrate with the water content of 40 wt%;
(5) fermentation: and (3) adding 40g of microbial preparation (wherein 9.6g of Bacillus stearothermophilus, 9.6g of Bacillus subtilis, 8.0g of Bacillus lactis, 8.0g of Bacillus halodurans and 4.8g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting at the rotation speed of 140rpm and the ventilation volume of 450vvm at 58 ℃ for 11h, sterilizing at 88 ℃ for 40min, and drying at 68 ℃ for 19min to obtain the organic fertilizer.
Example 5
The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste (such as leftovers, vegetable leaves, fruit peels, tea residues and the like), inorganic solid waste (such as plastic products, instant noodle boxes, pop cans, spoons, chopsticks, bottle caps and the like) and oily wastewater;
(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;
(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;
(4) mixing: fully stirring and mixing 80kg of organic matter powder obtained in the step (3), 25kg of sawdust and 15kg of bran, and then adding 80kg of water to obtain 200kg of fermentation substrate with the water content of 40 wt%;
(5) fermentation: and (3) adding 40g of microbial preparation (wherein 9.6g of Bacillus stearothermophilus, 9.6g of Bacillus subtilis, 6.4g of Bacillus lactis, 8.0g of salt-tolerant Bacillus and 6.4g of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting at the rotation speed of 150rpm and the ventilation volume of 500vvm at the temperature of 60 ℃ for 12h, sterilizing at the temperature of 90 ℃ for 45min, and drying at the temperature of 70 ℃ for 20min to obtain the organic fertilizer.
In the above embodiments 1 to 5, the method for producing fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage further comprises the following steps:
sorting the inorganic solid wastes obtained in the step (1) again, performing waste plastic treatment on the generated plastic wastes, performing brick making treatment on the masonry wastes, and performing heat energy conversion treatment on the fiber wastes;
mixing the oily wastewater obtained in the step (1) and the oily wastewater obtained in the step (2), performing oil-water separation, performing sewage treatment on the generated wastewater to reach the standard, discharging, and performing resource recovery on the generated waste oil to prepare biodiesel;
and (3) cooling and deodorizing the waste gas generated in the extrusion process in the step (2) to reach the standard, and then discharging.
Performance detection
The organic fertilizer prepared in each of examples 1 to 5 is taken, each technical index and each heavy metal index of the organic fertilizer are detected according to the NY 525 to 2012 test method, and the detection requirements and the detection results of each index are shown in tables 1 to 2.
TABLE 1 detection requirements and results of each technical index
Table 2 detection requirements and detection results for heavy metal indicators
As can be seen from tables 1 and 2, the technical indexes and the heavy metal indexes of the organic fertilizer prepared in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention all meet the corresponding regulations.
The tests prove that the organic fertilizer prepared by the method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage realizes resource utilization, so that the traditional fertilizer preparation process is industrialized, automated and efficient, and the 'waste is turned into wealth' is really realized.
The previous description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing fertilizer by biological fermentation of household garbage and kitchen garbage is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) sorting: sorting the collected household garbage and kitchen garbage to obtain organic solid waste, inorganic solid waste and oily wastewater;
(2) deoiling: extruding the organic solid waste obtained in the step (1) to obtain an organic matter base material and oily wastewater;
(3) crushing: crushing the organic matter base material obtained in the step (2) to obtain organic matter powder with the particle size smaller than 2 cm;
(4) mixing: mixing the organic matter powder obtained in the step (3), sawdust and bran, fully stirring, and then adding water to obtain a fermentation substrate with the water content of 40-50 wt%;
(5) fermentation: and (4) adding a microbial preparation into the fermentation substrate obtained in the step (4), uniformly stirring, fermenting, sterilizing and drying to obtain the organic fertilizer.
2. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the mass ratio of the organic matter powder, the sawdust and the bran is 60-80: 20-25: 15-20.
3. The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the fermentation substrate is 1: 5000-10000.
4. The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the microbial agent is prepared by mixing bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis, bacillus lactis, salt-tolerant bacillus and bacillus amyloliquefaciens in a mass ratio of 1.0-1.2: 0.8-1.0: 0.6-0.8.
5. The method as claimed in claim 4, wherein the viable count of the microbial preparation is 2 x 108～5×108CFU/g。
6. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the fermentation conditions are as follows: the stirring speed is 100-150 rpm, the ventilation amount is 300-500 vvm, the temperature is 50-60 ℃, and the time is 8-12 h.
7. The method for preparing the fertilizer by biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the sterilization temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the time is 30-45 min;
the drying temperature is 60-70 ℃, and the drying time is 15-20 min.
8. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following steps: sorting the inorganic solid wastes obtained in the step (1) again, performing waste plastic treatment on the obtained plastic wastes, performing brick making treatment on the masonry wastes, and performing heat energy conversion treatment on the fiber wastes.
9. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following steps: and (3) mixing the oily wastewater obtained in the step (1) and the oily wastewater obtained in the step (2), performing oil-water separation, performing sewage treatment on the generated wastewater to reach the standard, discharging, and performing resource recovery on the generated waste oil to prepare the biodiesel.
10. The method for preparing the fertilizer by the biological fermentation of the household garbage and the kitchen garbage according to claim 1, which is characterized by further comprising the following steps: and (3) cooling and deodorizing the waste gas generated in the extrusion process in the step (2) to reach the standard, and then discharging.
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