CN111530899A

CN111530899A - Integrated domestic garbage multifunctional treatment equipment

Info

Publication number: CN111530899A
Application number: CN202010475696.9A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 何适
Original assignee: Guilin Yikela Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Current assignee: Guilin Yikela Environmental Protection Technology Co ltd
Priority date: 2020-05-29
Filing date: 2020-05-29
Publication date: 2020-08-14

Abstract

The invention discloses integrated household garbage multifunctional treatment equipment which comprises a household garbage treatment unit, wherein a feeding unit, a feeding unit and a crushing unit are arranged corresponding to the household garbage treatment unit, a homogenizing unit, a discharging unit and a sorting unit are also arranged corresponding to the household garbage treatment unit, a conveying unit is connected with the crushing unit and the homogenizing unit, a tail gas treatment unit is arranged for purifying fermentation gas generated by the household garbage treatment unit, a percolate recharging unit is arranged for collecting percolate generated by the household garbage treatment unit and returning the percolate to the homogenizing unit, and a screening material returning and crushing unit is arranged for returning incompletely fermented materials of the sorting unit to the feeding unit. The invention relates to a small-sized low-energy-consumption household garbage treatment facility which can simultaneously complete multiple functions of drying, sterilizing, deodorizing, reducing and classifying, all the functions are completely automated, and the facility can be directly applied to the main domestic garbage generation sources of residential districts, business centers, office buildings, hotels, restaurants and the like.

Description

Integrated domestic garbage multifunctional treatment equipment

Technical Field

The invention relates to garbage disposal equipment, in particular to integrated household garbage multifunctional disposal equipment.

Background

Garbage classification is a necessary means for realizing the recycling of household garbage. However, the household garbage has complex components, the water content is more than 65%, perishable objects (i.e. organic matters which are easy to biodegrade, such as kitchen waste) account for more than 50% of the total weight of the garbage, and the household garbage is mutually wrapped, adhered and mixed with inorganic matters (such as metal, stone sand, tiles, glass, ceramics and the like) and organic matters which are difficult to biodegrade (such as plastics, rubber, fabrics, wood bamboo, paper and the like) in the garbage. If the garbage is directly classified, perishable objects are also adhered to the surfaces of all the components, so that the garbage cannot be directly recycled, and the garbage needs to be cleaned, so that a large amount of generated sewage needs to be further treated, and the treatment process is large in occupied area, high in cost, high in energy consumption and complex in process. Therefore, to ensure that the perishable material is effectively separated from other waste constituents, the most effective way to treat the waste is to dry the waste and then sort the waste using various sorting processes.

In the existing garbage drying technology, the advantage of utilizing aerobic fermentation to realize garbage drying (namely biological drying) is obvious, and the technology has the functions of sterilization and reduction due to low energy consumption and no generation of a large amount of waste water, and can be roughly divided into two major categories of open type and closed type.

The open fermentation mode has less investment on fixed assets and low energy consumption, but generates a large amount of odor, harmful gas and percolate in the treatment process, and has bad influence on the environment; in addition, the method has the advantages of low automation degree, long fermentation period, large occupied area and unstable quality of compost products.

The closed fermentation mode well solves the problems, odor and percolate can be collected and treated in the treatment process, and the influence on the environment is small; in addition, the method has high automation degree, short fermentation period and stable composting quality. However, because of the closed design, continuous blowing, aeration or stirring is generally required to ensure sufficient oxygen supply in the fermentation tank, which results in large investment in fixed assets and high energy consumption.

The closed fermentation mode can be further subdivided into a horizontal type fermentation mode and a vertical type fermentation mode, wherein the vertical type fermentation mode has smaller occupied area compared with the horizontal type fermentation mode, and can discharge materials from top to bottom by utilizing the self gravity of the fermentation materials without a transmission device or a material lying device for assisting in discharging, so that the advantages are obvious; therefore, the vertical aerobic fermentation method with low energy consumption is a preferable method for drying the domestic garbage.

Among the prior art, following vertical fermentation technical scheme need not realize the oxygen suppliment through stirring and air blast, but accomplishes the natural oxygen suppliment through upper and lower open-ended fermentation section of thick bamboo, central siphon and breather's ventilation function, can carry out the feeding when fermentation bobbin base portion closes, when the fermentation bobbin base portion is opened, the ejection of compact is accomplished to the material because self gravity:

1. the invention patent of application No. 201210419045.3, organic solid waste fermentation System.

2. The invention patent with application number 201210419061.2 relates to a honeycomb organic solid waste fermentation system.

3. The invention patent application No. 201410094070.8 entitled "organic solid waste fermentation Equipment".

4. The invention relates to an air cushion type organic solid waste bag body fermentation system, which is invented with the application number of 201310033091.4.

5. The invention patent with the application number of 201310033093.3 relates to a fermentation system of an air cushion type organic solid waste tank.

Although the above vertical fermentation technical schemes have the characteristics of small occupied area, low fermentation cost, small environmental pollution, automation, large-scale production and the like, and oxygen supply is completed without manual stirring or air blasting, the defects of the vertical fermentation technical schemes are also obvious:

1. the feed inlet of the fermentation tank is not provided with a material flattening device, and the volume of the fermentation device is not fully utilized.

2. During discharging, the bottom of the fermentation tank can be closed again only after fermentation materials fall out of the fermentation tank once, and the fermentation tank cannot be closed immediately during discharging, so that batch fermentation can be performed only, continuous fermentation cannot be performed, and feeding and discharging can be performed simultaneously.

3. The discharge amount and the discharge speed of the fermentation tank are not controllable.

4. The sharp objects such as metal, glass, ceramic and the like contained in the household garbage are easy to pierce or cut through the fermentation bag and the air cushion in the feeding and discharging processes, particularly the part used for bearing the weight at the bottom of the fermentation tank, so the household garbage cannot be directly treated, and the sharp objects must be separated before fermentation.

5. A part of condensed water generated in the fermentation process flows downwards along the inner wall of the ventilating device and the central shaft tube or the outer wall of the inflatable ventilating device, so that the water content of the fermentation material at the bottom of the fermentation tank is increased, and the fermentation and drying effects are influenced; if the bottom end of the aeration device extends out of the bottom of the fermenter, the condensate will run down the inner wall of the aeration device and out of the fermenter, resulting in water accumulation in the device connected to the bottom of the fermenter (e.g. the transport device).

6. The oxygen supply of the fermentation device is not adjustable.

7. No gas collection and purification device was provided.

8. No percolate collecting and treating device is provided.

9. The fermentation regulator is added to ferment.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides integrated domestic garbage multifunctional treatment equipment, aiming at overcoming the defects that the volume utilization rate of a fermentation device is low, the fermentation device cannot perform continuous fermentation, the discharge amount and discharge speed of the fermentation device are uncontrollable, the fermentation device is easy to damage, condensed water of the fermentation device is difficult to collect, the oxygen supply amount of the fermentation device is not adjustable, a gas collecting and purifying device is not arranged, a percolate collecting and treating device is not arranged, a fermentation regulator needs to be added manually, the integrated domestic garbage multifunctional treatment equipment is small in size, and low-energy-consumption domestic garbage multifunctional treatment equipment capable of drying, sterilizing, deodorizing, reducing and classifying domestic garbage simultaneously is not provided.

The invention discloses integrated household garbage multifunctional treatment equipment, which adopts the technical scheme that the equipment comprises a household garbage treatment unit, a tail gas treatment unit, a seepage recharging unit and a screening and smashing unit, wherein the household garbage treatment unit is provided with a feeding unit, a crushing unit, a homogenizing unit, a discharging unit and a sorting unit corresponding to the household garbage treatment unit, and the equipment comprises:

1. the domestic waste processing unit includes the multirow breather pipe that sets up in the fermentation cylinder, and the upper end intercommunication fermentation cylinder upper shed of each row of breather pipe corresponds the last trusteeship that sets up, has seted up intensive air vent and is provided with the gas vent that exceeds the fermentation cylinder upper shed on each last trusteeship, and the lower extreme intercommunication fermentation cylinder lower shed of each row of breather pipe corresponds the lower trusteeship that sets up outward, and each lower trusteeship is put to one side and the intake pipe of low side intercommunication area drain pipe, be equipped with the air quantity control valve in the intake pipe, each breather pipe includes corrosion-resistant net cover and locates the corrosion-resistant skeleton that plays supporting.

2. The homogenizing cylinder of the homogenizing unit is arranged at the upper opening of the fermentation tank, a material containing plate is arranged in the homogenizing cylinder, blanking ports are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the material containing plate, the blanking plate capable of opening and closing the blanking ports is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the material containing plate, the homogenizing cylinder above and below the material containing plate is provided with a stirring paddle and a bulk material paddle which are arranged on a central rotating shaft, and the central rotating shaft is driven by a homogenizing motor with a speed reducer.

3. The feeding cylinder of the feeding unit is arranged above the homogenizing cylinder, the front side of the feeding cylinder is provided with a feeding hopper, the upper opening of the feeding cylinder is provided with a propeller, a telescopic rod of the propeller extends downwards into the cylinder, and the lower end of the telescopic rod is provided with a pushing plate.

4. The crushing unit comprises a coarse crusher and a fine crusher which are arranged between a feeding cylinder and a homogenizing cylinder and are communicated up and down, a pair of precise crushing teeth are arranged in a crushing box of each crusher, the two precise crushing teeth are connected through a pair of transmission gears which are meshed, the driving of the active precise crushing teeth is a crushing motor with a speed reducer, the upper opening of the crushing box of the coarse crusher is arranged at the lower opening of the feeding cylinder, and the lower opening of the crushing box of the fine crusher is arranged at the upper opening of the homogenizing cylinder.

5. The feeding unit is arranged corresponding to a horizontal feeding port of the feeding hopper and comprises a left panel, a right panel and a front panel, wherein a feeding port is formed in the front panel, the left part and the right part of the feeding port are parallel and level to the left panel and the right panel, a material baffle plate hinged to the back face of the front panel is arranged between the top of the left panel and the top of the right panel, a feeding shovel matched with the feeding port is arranged corresponding to the feeding port, the feeding shovel is hinged to the bottom of the feeding port, a linkage rod symmetrical in the left direction and the right direction is hinged between the feeding shovel and the material baffle plate, a material baffle opening and closing mechanism is arranged on the back face of the front panel, the feeding shovel is opened forwards to the horizontal position when the material baffle plate closes the feeding port, and the feeding shovel closes the feeding port and simultaneously discharges.

6. The tail gas treatment unit comprises a gas treatment chamber, and the gas treatment chamber is communicated with the homogenizing cylinder below the material containing plate through an exhaust pipe.

7. The fermentation cylinder end opening is located to ejection of compact unit, includes many pivots that equidistant interval set up on the horizontal plane, and the circumference equipartition has radial scraping plate in each pivot, and every row of breather pipe is located between the adjacent pivot that corresponds, and ejection of compact drive mechanism drives each pivot and rotates in step, closes the fermentation cylinder end opening when scraping the flitch in each pivot and all being in horizontal position, and in the closed position, the minimum pipe diameter that is the breather pipe in the scraping flitch interval in the adjacent pivot.

8. The seepage recharging unit comprises a liquid collecting frame arranged below the lower supporting pipe, a plurality of liquid blocking plates are arranged in the liquid collecting frame, each liquid blocking plate is arranged in a baffle sliding groove which is correspondingly formed in the frame body on the two sides of the liquid collecting frame and is in a step shape, each liquid blocking plate slides and unfolds (is connected end to end) in the corresponding baffle sliding groove to form an inclined frame bottom, the lowest part of the inclined frame bottom is communicated with a drain pipe, the drain pipe is communicated with the liquid storage tank, and the liquid storage tank is communicated with the homogenizing cylinder through a pump pipe.

9. The sorting unit is including locating the shale shaker of ejection of compact unit below, the shale shaker includes carries out categorised upper sieve, middle level sieve and lower floor's sieve with the material through the fan.

10. The screening and crushing unit comprises a horizontal spiral conveyor and a vertical spiral conveyor which return the screening materials of the lower-layer sieve plate to a storage hopper, the storage hopper is arranged above the feeding cylinder, and a discharge port of the storage hopper is communicated with a horizontal feed port of the feeding hopper.

One preferable scheme of the fermentation tank comprises an inner layer and an outer layer of air-permeable materials which are tightly attached, wherein the inner layer of air-permeable materials is made of corrosion-resistant metal nets, and the outer layer of air-permeable materials is made of plastic woven films.

One preferred version of the corrosion-resistant framework employs metal screw rods.

In order to avoid the situation that large metal blocks are mixed into garbage materials, the feeding shovel is provided with a metal detector, and the feeding shovel cannot be closed when the large metal blocks are detected.

Conventionally, the discharging transmission mechanism is a chain wheel and chain transmission pair driven by a discharging servo motor.

Further, there are four types of feeding methods that the feeding shovel discharges to the horizontal feeding hole:

1. and (5) directly blanking, wherein the bottom of the feeding port is flush with the horizontal feeding port.

2. And (4) blanking in a free falling mode, wherein the bottom of the feeding port is higher than the horizontal feeding port.

3. And (4) blanking through a pipeline, wherein the feeding port is connected with the horizontal feeding port through a pipeline.

4. And conveying and blanking, wherein the feeding port is connected with the horizontal feeding port through a conveying device.

In order to facilitate feeding at human body height and reduce equipment height, the storage hopper, the feeding cylinder, the coarse crusher and the fine crusher are arranged in front of the homogenizing cylinder and the fermentation cylinder, a conveying unit is arranged between the fine crusher and the homogenizing cylinder, the conveying unit comprises a receiving conveying belt, a lifting conveying device and a feeding conveying belt, the receiving conveying belt is arranged corresponding to a lower opening of a crushing box of the fine crusher, the feeding conveying belt is arranged corresponding to an upper opening of the homogenizing cylinder, and the lifting conveying device is connected with the receiving conveying belt and the feeding conveying belt.

For further compact equipment structure, the gas processing chamber is arranged above the storage hopper, and the lifting and conveying device is vertically arranged.

In the structure of the invention:

1. the feeding unit can avoid equipment damage caused by entering of large metal blocks, ensure the safety of equipment users and prevent untreated gas from being discharged from the feeding port.

2. The feeding unit can ensure that the domestic garbage materials can be effectively crushed by the crushing unit, so that the crushed particle size is suitable for aerobic fermentation, and material blockage and manual intervention feeding are avoided.

3. The homogenizing unit makes the domestic garbage material have homogeneous components and physical and chemical properties, and the domestic garbage material falls into the fermentation tank.

4. The domestic garbage treatment unit carries out natural oxygen supply on domestic garbage materials so as to complete aerobic fermentation with low energy consumption, can regulate and control the oxygen supply amount of fermentation, and can collect condensed water generated in the fermentation process.

5. The discharging unit is used for containing materials when not moving and for discharging materials at a constant speed when moving, and the moving speed can be regulated and controlled.

6. The percolate recharging unit can recharge percolate from the water outlet to the homogenizing unit and is mixed with the household garbage materials again for fermentation.

7. The tail gas treatment unit introduces gas generated in the treatment process into the gas treatment chamber from the household garbage treatment unit for purification treatment, the gas treatment chamber is filled with a gas treatment formula, and the gas is discharged through the exhaust port after being in full contact with the gas treatment formula.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the integrated household garbage multifunctional treatment equipment is a household garbage treatment facility which can be miniaturized and has low energy consumption, can simultaneously complete multiple functions of drying, sterilizing, deodorizing, reducing and classifying, can be directly applied to the main generation sources of household garbage in residential districts, business centers, office buildings, hotels, restaurants and the like, solves the problem that the whole throwing and clearing process of the household garbage before being transported to a centralized treatment station in the prior art causes harm to residents and the environment, and realizes the full resource utilization of the household garbage without manual garbage classification.

2. In the structure of the invention, the homogenizing unit is adopted to make the materials fall into the fermentation tank uniformly, and the volume of the fermentation device is fully utilized.

3. In the structure of the invention, the discharging unit is adopted to discharge at a constant speed, and the fermentation tank is fed with materials when discharging is allowed, thereby realizing continuous fermentation.

4. In the structure of the invention, the discharging unit can be immediately started and stopped, and the discharging amount and the discharging speed can be controlled.

5. In the structure of the invention, the inner wall of the fermentation tank adopts a corrosion-resistant metal net, so that the fermentation tank is not easy to damage.

6. In the structure of the invention, the vent pipe is communicated with the drain pipe, and can collect and utilize condensed water generated in the fermentation process.

7. In the structure of the invention, the air inlet pipe is provided with an air quantity regulating valve which can regulate the oxygen supply quantity.

8. In the structure of the invention, the percolate recharging unit collects and recycles percolate, thereby avoiding polluting the environment.

9. In the structure of the invention, the material sieving and back crushing unit avoids manual intervention and fermentation regulator supplement for fermentation.

10. In the structure of the invention, the tail gas treatment unit can collect and purify the gas generated in the fermentation process.

11. In the structure of the invention, the layout of each unit is compact and can be miniaturized.

12. The invention has multiple functions of drying, sterilizing, deodorizing, reducing and classifying, and all the functions can be completely automated without manual intervention operation.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is an isometric view of one embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an isometric view of the embodiment of fig. 1 from another angle.

Fig. 3 is a front isometric view of the feeder of the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2.

Fig. 4 is a rear isometric view of fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is an operation principle diagram of fig. 3 and 4.

Fig. 6 is an isometric view of the feed device of the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2.

Fig. 7 is a schematic view of the internal structure of fig. 6.

Fig. 8 is an isometric view of each of the crushers of the embodiments of fig. 1 and 2.

Fig. 9 is an isometric view of the homogenizing device of the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2.

Fig. 10 is an exploded view of fig. 9.

FIG. 11 is a front perspective view of the fermentation device of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 and 2.

Fig. 12 is a rear isometric view of fig. 11.

Figure 13 is an isometric view of the vent assembly of figures 11 and 12.

Fig. 14 is a partial enlarged view of a portion a in fig. 13.

Figure 15 is an isometric view of a leachate collection in the embodiment of figures 1 and 2.

Fig. 16(a) is a state diagram of the percolate cover plate in fig. 15 closed.

Figure 16(b) is the state diagram of figure 15 with the percolate cover plate open.

Fig. 17 is an internal structure diagram of the discharging device in the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2.

Fig. 18 is a top view of fig. 17.

Fig. 19 is an isometric view of the sorting device of the embodiment of fig. 1 and 2.

Fig. 20 is a front view of fig. 19.

And (3) identifying the figure number: 1. a domestic waste treatment unit; 2. a feed unit; 2-1, a left panel; 2-2, a right panel; 2-3, a front panel; 2-4, a material baffle plate; 2-5, a feeding shovel; 2-6, a linkage rod; 2-7, an electric push rod; 3. a feeding unit; 3-1, a feeding cylinder; 3-2, a feed hopper; 3-3, a propeller; 3-4, a telescopic rod; 4. a crushing unit; 4-1, crushing box; 4-2, precisely crushing teeth; 4-3, a crushing motor; 4-4, a transmission gear; 5. a material receiving conveyor belt; 6. a homogenizing unit; 6-1, homogenizing; 6-2, a material containing plate; 6-3, blanking plate; 6-4, a central rotating shaft; 6-5, a stirring paddle; 6-6, a dispersing paddle; 6-7, homogenizing motor; 6-8, a blanking port; 6-9, a gas collection induced draft port; 7. a discharging unit; 7-1, a rotating shaft; 7-2, scraping plates; 7-3, a discharging servo motor; 7-4, a chain wheel and chain transmission pair; 8. a sorting unit; 8-1, an upper layer coarse screen; 8-2, a middle layer screen mesh; 8-3, a lower layer screen mesh; 8-4, a fan; 8-5, a wind separation cover; 8-6, a material returning port; 9. a gas processing chamber; 10. a seepage recharging unit; 10-1, collecting liquid frames; 10-2, a liquid storage tank; 10-3, a pump pipe; 10-4, a drawing liquid baffle; 10-5, a baffle sliding chute; 11. a horizontal screw conveyor; 12. a fermentation tank; 13. a breather pipe; 13-1, corrosion-resistant net sleeves; 13-2, corrosion-resistant framework; 14. an upper support pipe; 14-1, dense venting; 14-2, an exhaust port; 15. a lower support pipe; 16. an air inlet pipe; 16-1, a gas quantity regulating valve; 17. a drain pipe; 18. an air exhaust pipe; 19. lifting the conveyor; 20. a feed conveyor; 21. a storage hopper; 22. a push plate; 23. a vertical screw conveyor; 24. and a frame.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.

The invention discloses integrated household garbage multifunctional treatment equipment, which comprises a household garbage treatment unit 1, a feeding unit 2, a feeding unit 3, a crushing unit 4, a conveying unit, a homogenizing unit 6, a discharging unit 7, a sorting unit 8, a tail gas treatment unit, a seepage recharging unit 10 and a screening and smashing unit which are arranged on the basis of a rack 24, wherein the rack 24 comprises vertical front and rear steel frameworks, the homogenizing unit 6, the household garbage treatment unit 1, the discharging unit 7, the seepage recharging unit 10 and the sorting unit 8 are arranged in the rear steel framework from top to bottom, the tail gas treatment unit, the screening and smashing unit, the feeding unit 2, the feeding unit 3 and the crushing unit 4 are arranged in the front steel framework from top to bottom, and the conveying unit is arranged between the front and rear steel frameworks as shown in figures 1 and 2.

The domestic garbage treatment unit 1 comprises a fermentation tank 12 and a plurality of vent pipes 13 arranged in the fermentation tank 12 (the specific number of the vent pipes 13 is determined according to the size of the fermentation tank 12, and nine vent pipes 13 are set for convenient description), the fermentation tank 12 comprises an inner layer and an outer layer of breathable materials which are tightly attached, the inner layer of breathable materials is made of corrosion-resistant metal mesh, and the outer layer of breathable materials is made of plastic woven membrane; nine vent pipes 13 are divided into three rows, each row is three vent pipes 13 at the front, middle and rear positions, the upper ends of the three rows of vent pipes 13 are communicated with three horizontal upper support pipes 14 correspondingly arranged at the upper opening of the fermentation tank 12 through pipe joints, each upper support pipe 14 is a square pipe with the front and rear ends sealed, the left and right pipe bodies of each square pipe are provided with dense vent holes 14-1, the front and rear ends of the upper pipe body of each square pipe are communicated with vertical vent pipes, the vent port 14-2 of each vent pipe is higher than the upper opening of the fermentation tank 12, the lower end of each vent pipe 13 is communicated with three lower support pipes 15 which are inclined forwards and correspondingly arranged outside the lower opening of the fermentation tank 12 through pipe joints, each lower support pipe 15 is a square pipe with the front end open and the rear end closed, the front ends of the three lower support pipes 15 are communicated with the horizontal support pipes 16, the air inlet pipe 16 is a square pipe with one end closed and the other end open, the, the bottom of the air inlet pipe 16 is communicated with a vertical water outlet pipe 17; each vent pipe 13 comprises a corrosion-resistant net 13-1, and a corrosion-resistant framework 13-2 (metal spiral rod) for supporting is arranged in each corrosion-resistant net 13-1, as shown in fig. 11, 12, 13 and 14.

The homogenizing unit 6 comprises a homogenizing cylinder 6-1 arranged at the upper opening of a fermentation tank 12, a material containing plate 6-2 is arranged at the lower part in the homogenizing cylinder 6-1, four fan-shaped blanking ports 6-8 are uniformly distributed on the material containing plate 6-2 at the circumference, a blanking plate 6-3 is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the material containing plate 6-2, four fan-shaped openings staggered with the blanking ports 6-8 are uniformly distributed on the blanking plate 6-3 at the circumference, the blanking ports 6-8 of the material containing plate 6-2 can be opened and closed by rotating the blanking plate 6-3, stirring paddles 6-5 and bulk material paddles 6-6 arranged on a central rotating shaft 6-4 are arranged in the homogenizing cylinder 6-1 at the upper part and the lower part of the material containing plate 6-2, a homogenizing motor 6-7 with a speed reducer is arranged on a frame plate at the upper opening of the homogenizing cylinder 6, the upper end of the central rotating shaft 6-4 is connected with an output shaft of the speed reducer, and a gas collecting and air inducing port 6-9 is arranged on the homogenizing cylinder 6-1 below the material containing plate 6-2, as shown in fig. 9 and 10.

The discharging unit 7 is arranged at the lower opening of the fermentation tank 12 and comprises a plurality of front and rear rotating shafts 7-1 (the specific number of the rotating shafts 7-1 is determined according to the size of the fermentation tank 12, eight rotating shafts 7-1 are arranged corresponding to three rows of ventilating pipes 13 (the three rows of ventilating pipes 13 are only one example corresponding to the eight rotating shafts), a plurality of radial scraping plates 7-2 (preferably four scraping plates 7-2) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of each rotating shaft 7-1, the shaft ends of adjacent rotating shafts 7-1 are connected through chain wheel and chain transmission pairs 7-4 with the same transmission ratio, the chain wheel and chain transmission pairs 7-4 drive the discharging servo motors 7-3, the discharging servo motors 7-3 drive the rotating shafts 7-1 to synchronously and intermittently rotate through the chain wheel and chain transmission pairs 7-4, when the scraping plates 7-2 on each rotating shaft 7-1 are all in the horizontal position, the lower opening of the fermentation tank 12 is closed, and in the closed position (the maximum distance between the left scraping plate 7-2 and the right scraping plate 7-2 on the adjacent rotating shaft 7-1 is required to ensure that no material leakage occurs), the minimum interval between the scraping plates 7-2 on the adjacent rotating shaft 7-1 is the pipe diameter of the vent pipe 13; the first row of air pipes 13 are arranged between the left and right scraping plates 7-2 on the second and third rotating shafts 7-1, the second row of air pipes 13 are arranged between the left and right scraping plates 7-2 on the fourth and fifth rotating shafts 7-1, and the third row of air pipes 13 are arranged between the left and right scraping plates 7-2 on the sixth and seventh rotating shafts 7-1, as shown in fig. 1, 17 and 18.

The sorting unit 8 is arranged below the eight rotating shafts 7-1 and is used for sorting the decomposed materials processed by the household garbage processing unit 1 according to the use function of the decomposed materials so as to be convenient for resource utilization, the sorting unit 8 comprises a vibrating screen and a winnowing mechanism, the vibrating screen comprises a screen body arranged on a spring element, the screen body comprises an upper screen plate 8-1, a middle screen plate 8-2, a lower screen plate 8-3 and a screen body bottom plate from top to bottom, the upper screen plate 8-1 and the lower screen plate 8-3 are inclined towards the left, the middle screen plate 8-2 and the screen body bottom plate are inclined towards the right, the mesh aperture of the upper screen plate 8-1 is 10 mm-15 mm, the mesh apertures of the middle screen plate 8-2 and the lower screen plate 8-3 are 2 mm-5 mm, the winnowing mechanism comprises a fan 8-4 and a winnowing cover 8-5, the fan 8-4 is arranged at the left end of the bottom of the lower-layer sieve plate 8-3, the air separation hood 8-5 is arranged at the left end ports of the upper-layer sieve plate 8-1, the middle-layer sieve plate 8-2 and the lower-layer sieve plate 8-3, and a discharge port at the left end of the upper-layer sieve plate 8-1 corresponds to the upper part of the air separation hood 8-5; the right end of the middle layer sieve plate 8-2 is communicated with the right end of the lower layer sieve plate 8-3 in the sieve body, the left end discharge port of the lower layer sieve plate 8-3 corresponds to the bottom of the air separation hood 8-5, and the bottom of the air separation hood 8-5 is separated by two inclined plates into a return port 8-6 and a discharge port at the front and the rear positions according to the specific gravity of oversize materials of the lower layer sieve plate 8-3, as shown in figure 1, figure 2, figure 19 and figure 20.

The crushing unit 4 comprises a coarse crusher and a fine crusher which are communicated up and down, the coarse crusher and the fine crusher are arranged in a front steel framework of the frame 24 and correspond to the front side of the sorting unit 8, a pair of precise crushing biting teeth 4-2 are arranged in a crushing box 4-1 of each crusher, the two precise crushing biting teeth 4-2 are connected through a pair of transmission gears 4-4 which are meshed, the driving of the driving precise crushing biting teeth 4-2 is a crushing motor 4-3 with a speed reducer, the crushing motor 4-3 is arranged on a side box body of the crushing box 4-1, and an output shaft of the speed reducer is connected with a rotating shaft of the driving precise crushing biting teeth 4-2, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 8.

The lower opening of the feeding cylinder 3-1 of the feeding unit 3 is mounted at the upper opening of the crushing box 4-1 of the rough crusher, the upper opening of the feeding cylinder 3-1 is provided with a propeller 3-3, the telescopic rod 3-4 of the propeller 3-3 extends downwards into the cylinder, the lower end of the telescopic rod 3-4 is provided with a pushing plate 22, and the feeding hopper 3-2 of the feeding cylinder 3-1 is arranged on the front cylinder of the feeding cylinder 3-1, as shown in fig. 6 and 7.

The feeding unit 2 is arranged corresponding to a horizontal feeding hole of the feeding hopper 3-2 and comprises a front panel 2-3 arranged on the front side surface of a front steel framework of the frame 24, and a left panel 2-1 and a right panel 2-2 arranged on the rear panel surface of the front panel 2-3, wherein a feeding hole is formed in the front panel 2-3, the bottom of the feeding hole is flush with the horizontal feeding hole, the left panel 2-1 and the right panel 2-2 are flush with the left part and the right part of the feeding hole, a baffle plate 2-4 hinged on the rear panel surface of the front panel 2-3 is arranged between the top parts of the left panel 2-1 and the right panel 2-2, a feeding shovel 2-5 matched with the feeding hole is arranged corresponding to the feeding hole, a metal detector is arranged on the feeding shovel 2-5, and the bottom part of the feeding shovel 2-5 is hinged at the bottom part of the feeding hole, a linkage rod 2-6 which is symmetrical left and right is hinged between the feeding shovel 2-5 and the striker plate 2-4, a striker plate opening and closing mechanism is arranged on the rear panel of the front panel 2-3, the striker plate opening and closing mechanism is preferably an electric push rod 2-7, two ends of the electric push rod 2-7 are respectively hinged on the rear panel of the front panel 2-3 and the striker plate 2-4, when the elongated electric push rod 2-7 closes the striker plate 2-4 to a feeding opening, the feeding shovel 2-5 is forwards opened to be horizontal by the left and right linkage rods 2-6, when the shortened electric push rod 2-7 opens the striker plate 2-4 to be horizontal from the feeding opening, the feeding shovel 2-5 is closed to the feeding opening by the left and right linkage rods 2-6, and at the moment, the feeding shovel 2-5, the left panel 2-1 and the right panel 2-2, The striker plate 2-4 and the front barrel surface of the feeding barrel 3-1 above the horizontal feeding hole jointly form a seal for the horizontal feeding hole, so that the overflow of peculiar smell gas generated in the process of crushing the household garbage materials is prevented, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5.

The conveying unit comprises a material receiving conveying belt 5, a lifting conveying device 19 and a feeding conveying belt 20, the material receiving conveying belt 5 is arranged in a front steel framework below a lower opening of a crushing box 4-1 of the fine crusher, the feeding conveying belt 20 is arranged on a rear steel framework above an upper opening of a homogenizing cylinder 6-1, and the vertical lifting conveying device 19 is connected with the material receiving conveying belt 19 and the feeding conveying belt 20, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.

The sieve material crushing unit comprises a storage hopper 21, a horizontal screw conveyor 11 and a vertical screw conveyor 23, wherein the storage hopper 21 is arranged in the front steel framework corresponding to a feeding cylinder 3-1, a discharge port of the storage hopper 21 is communicated with a horizontal feed port of a feeding hopper 3-2, a discharge port of the storage hopper 21 is provided with a discharge valve, the horizontal screw conveyor 11 is arranged between the front steel framework and the rear steel framework of the frame 24 corresponding to a return port 8-6 of a sieve body, and the vertical screw conveyor 23 is connected with the storage hopper 21 and the horizontal screw conveyor 11 in the front steel framework, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2.

The gas treatment chamber 9 of the tail gas treatment unit is arranged above the storage hopper 21 in the front steel framework, and the gas treatment chamber 9 is communicated with the gas collection induced draft opening 6-9 on the homogenizing cylinder 6-1 through the exhaust tube 18, as shown in fig. 1 and 2.

The seepage recharging unit 10 comprises a liquid collecting frame 10-1 arranged below the three lower supporting tubes 15, a plurality of liquid baffle plates 10-4 (the specific number is determined according to the situation) are arranged in the liquid collecting frame 10-1, each liquid baffle plate 10-4 is arranged in a baffle sliding groove 10-5 which is correspondingly arranged on the left side frame body and the right side frame body of the liquid collecting frame 10-1 and is in a step shape (from top to bottom and from back to front, the length of each baffle sliding groove 10-5 is gradually increased to the front end of the liquid collecting frame 10-1), each liquid baffle plate 10-4 slides forwards in the corresponding baffle sliding groove 10-5 and is connected end to form an inclined frame bottom, the lowest part (the front end of the liquid collecting frame 10-1) of the inclined frame bottom is communicated with a drain pipe 17, the drain pipe 17 is communicated with a liquid storage tank 10-2 arranged at the bottom of the front steel framework, the liquid storage tank 10-2 is communicated with the homogenizing cylinder 6-1 through a vertical pump pipe 10-3; each liquid baffle plate 10-4 slides backwards in the corresponding baffle sliding groove 10-5 and retracts to the rear end of the liquid collecting frame 10-1, so that the bottom of the liquid collecting frame 10-1 is vacant to allow a discharge channel of the discharge unit 7, as shown in fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 15, fig. 16(a) and fig. 16 (b).

The working process of the invention is as follows:

1. the feeding shovel 2-5 is laid flat (at the moment, a feeding opening is sealed by the baffle plate 2-4), untreated mixed household garbage materials are placed on the feeding shovel 2-5 upside down, a metal detector on the feeding shovel 2-5 detects whether large metal blocks exist in the mixed household garbage materials, if yes, an alarm is sent to remind a person to clean the mixed household garbage materials, and the large metal feeding shovel 2-5 cannot be closed without cleaning the large metal blocks.

2. The feeding shovel 2-5 closes a feeding opening to pour the mixed household garbage material into the feeding cylinder 3-1 through the feeding hopper 3-2, the mixed household garbage material falls into the crushing box 4-1 of the coarse crusher, the precision crushing biting tooth 4-2 performs coarse crushing on the mixed household garbage material, and the telescopic rod 3-4 of the propeller 3-3 drives the pushing plate 22 to press the mixed household garbage material downwards to forcibly feed the precision crushing biting tooth 4-2; the coarsely crushed mixed household garbage material enters a crushing box 4-1 of a fine crusher and is finely crushed.

3. The household garbage materials (with the particle size suitable for aerobic fermentation) crushed by two stages fall on a material receiving conveyor belt 5 and are conveyed into a homogenizing cylinder 6-1 through a lifting conveying device 19 and a feeding conveyor belt 20, the crushed garbage materials are stacked on a material containing plate 6-2 and are uniformly mixed under the stirring of a stirring paddle 6-5, a blanking plate 6-3 is opened to discharge the crushed garbage materials into a fermentation tank 12, the crushed garbage materials are uniformly spread and stacked on a horizontal scraping plate 7-2 of each rotating shaft 7-1 under the scattering of a dispersing paddle 6-6, and the material pile can be fermented after reaching a certain thickness and meeting the fermentation condition.

4. Performing aerobic fermentation on the crushed garbage materials in a fermentation tank 12 (the temperature of a material pile can be raised to be more than 60-80 ℃ during fermentation), collecting, treating and discharging gas (such as ammonia gas, carbon dioxide and volatile organic compounds) generated during fermentation from a gas treatment chamber 9, wherein part of condensed water (formed by contacting water vapor with an upper support pipe 14 with lower temperature) generated during fermentation flows downwards along the inner wall of a vent pipe 13 due to gravity, and sequentially flows through a lower support pipe 15, an air inlet pipe 16 and a drain pipe 17 until a liquid storage tank 10-2 (can also be discharged from the drain pipe 17 for cleaning or irrigation); leachate generated in the fermentation product in the fermentation tank 12 drops through the vacant sites between the scraper plates 7-2 and is collected by the liquid collecting frame 10-1 (at the moment, the bottom of each drawing liquid baffle plate 10-4 is supported at the bottom of the frame), and the leachate is collected in the liquid storage tank 10-2 through the drain pipe 17; the mixture of the condensed water and the percolate in the liquid storage tank 10-2 is refilled in the homogenizing cylinder 6-1 by the pump pipe 10-3 for fermentation, and the function of adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of the fermented material is achieved.

5. The decomposed materials generated by fermentation are discharged to a separation unit 8 through a discharge unit 7: the rotating shafts 7-1 rotate synchronously for a certain angle, and the horizontal scraping plates 7-2 on the rotating shafts 7-1 rotate along with the rotation to turn the decomposed materials on the rotating shafts to discharge the materials to the sorting unit 8.

6. The sorting unit 8 sorts the decomposed materials according to the granularity and the specific gravity to obtain nutrient soil, building filling materials, fermentation regulators, plastics and the like, and all the materials can be used for resource utilization:

the oversize material of the upper layer sieve plate 8-1 is mainly plastic material (which can be used as fuel or regenerated plastic), and the plastic material is discharged from the upper outlet of the air separation hood 8-5 under the action of wind power.

Oversize materials of the middle-layer sieve plate 8-2 and the lower-layer sieve plate 8-3 are paper, fabric, wood and bamboo and the like (can be used as fermentation regulators), stone sand, glass, ceramic and the like (can be used as building filling materials) and a small amount of plastic materials (can be used as fuels or recycled plastics), under the action of wind power, the oversize materials with large specific gravity on the middle-layer sieve plate 8-2 and the lower-layer sieve plate 8-3 are respectively discharged from a front return port 8-6 (paper, fabric, wood and bamboo) and a rear outlet (stone sand, glass, ceramic and the like) at the bottom of the air separation cover 8-5, and the oversize materials with small specific gravity (a small amount of plastic materials) are mixed with the plastic materials on the upper part of the air separation cover 8-5 and discharged.

The undersize of the lower layer sieve plate 8-3 is mainly nutrient soil which can be used for soil improvement, landscaping and agricultural production, and the nutrient soil is discharged from a discharge hole at the right end of the bottom plate of the sieve body.

7. The discharged paper, fabric and wood and bamboo are returned to the storage hopper 21 through the horizontal screw conveyor 11 and the vertical screw conveyor 23, and participate in the domestic garbage treatment process from the crushing process again, so that the carbon-nitrogen ratio and the water content of the fermented material are adjusted.

Claims

1. Integrated form domestic waste multifunctional treatment equipment, including domestic waste processing unit (1), be equipped with feeding unit (2), feed unit (3), crushing unit (4), homogeneity unit (6), ejection of compact unit (7), sorting unit (8) corresponding to domestic waste processing unit (1), still include tail gas processing unit, sepage recharge unit (10) and sieve material and return garrulous unit, wherein:

the domestic garbage treatment unit (1) comprises a plurality of rows of vent pipes (13) arranged in a fermentation tank (12), the upper end of each row of vent pipes (13) is communicated with an upper support pipe (14) correspondingly arranged at the upper opening of the fermentation tank (12), each upper support pipe (14) is provided with an intensive vent hole (14-1) and an exhaust port (14-2) higher than the upper opening of the fermentation tank (12), the lower end of each row of vent pipes (13) is communicated with a lower support pipe (15) correspondingly arranged outside the lower opening of the fermentation tank (12), each lower support pipe (15) is obliquely arranged, and the lower end of each lower support pipe is communicated with an air inlet pipe (16) with a water drainage pipe (17, the air inlet pipe (16) is provided with an air quantity regulating valve (16-1), and each vent pipe (13) comprises a corrosion-resistant net sleeve (13-1) and a corrosion-resistant framework (13-2) which is arranged in the corrosion-resistant net sleeve (13-1) and plays a supporting role;

the homogenizing cylinder (6-1) of the homogenizing unit (6) is arranged at the upper opening of the fermentation tank (12), a material containing plate (6-2) is arranged in the homogenizing cylinder (6-1), blanking ports (6-8) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the material containing plate (6-2), a blanking plate (6-3) capable of opening and closing the blanking ports (6-8) is coaxially arranged at the bottom of the material containing plate (6-2), stirring paddles (6-5) and bulk material paddles (6-6) which are arranged on a central rotating shaft (6-4) are arranged on the homogenizing cylinder (6-1) above and below the material containing plate (6-2), and the central rotating shaft (6-4) is driven by a homogenizing motor (6-7) with a speed reducer;

a feeding cylinder (3-1) of the feeding unit (3) is arranged above a homogenizing cylinder (6-1), a feeding hopper (3-2) is arranged on a cylinder body on the front side of the feeding cylinder (3-1), a propeller (3-3) is arranged at the upper opening of the feeding cylinder (3-1), a telescopic rod (3-4) of the propeller (3-3) extends downwards into the cylinder body, and a pushing plate (22) is arranged at the lower end of the telescopic rod (3-4);

the crushing unit (4) comprises a coarse crusher and a fine crusher which are arranged between a feeding cylinder (3-1) and a homogenizing cylinder (6-1) and are communicated up and down, a pair of precise crushing biting teeth (4-2) are arranged in a crushing box (4-1) of each crusher, the two precise crushing biting teeth (4-2) are connected through a pair of transmission gears (4-4) which are meshed, the driving precise crushing biting teeth (4-2) are driven to be a crushing motor (4-3) with a speed reducer, the upper opening of the crushing box (4-1) of the coarse crusher is arranged at the lower opening of the feeding cylinder (3-1), and the lower opening of the crushing box (4-1) of the fine crusher is arranged at the upper opening of the homogenizing cylinder (6-1);

the feeding unit (2) is arranged corresponding to a horizontal feeding hole of the feeding hopper (3-2) and comprises a left panel (2-1), a right panel (2-2) and a front panel (2-3), a feeding hole is formed in the front panel (2-3), the left part and the right part of the feeding hole are flush with the left panel (2-1) and the right panel (2-2), a material blocking plate (2-4) hinged to the back surface of the front panel (2-3) is arranged between the tops of the left panel (2-1) and the right panel (2-2), a feeding shovel (2-5) matched with the feeding hole is arranged corresponding to the feeding hole, the feeding shovel (2-5) is hinged to the bottom of the feeding hole, and a linkage rod (2-6) symmetrical to the left and the right is hinged between the feeding shovel (2-5) and the material blocking plate (2-4), a striker plate opening and closing mechanism is arranged on the back of the front panel (2-3), when the striker plate (2-4) closes the feeding hole, the feeding shovel (2-5) is opened forwards to be horizontal, when the striker plate (2-4) opens the feeding hole, the feeding shovel (2-5) closes the feeding hole and simultaneously discharges materials to the horizontal feeding hole;

the tail gas treatment unit comprises a gas treatment chamber (9), and the gas treatment chamber (9) is communicated with a homogenizing cylinder (6-1) below the material containing plate (6-2) through an exhaust pipe (18);

the discharging unit (7) is arranged at the lower opening of the fermentation tank (12) and comprises a plurality of rotating shafts (7-1) which are arranged at equal intervals on a horizontal plane, radial scraping plates (7-2) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of each rotating shaft (7-1), each row of ventilating pipes (13) is arranged between the corresponding adjacent rotating shafts (7-1), a discharging transmission mechanism is arranged to drive each rotating shaft (7-1) to synchronously rotate, when the scraping plates (7-2) on each rotating shaft (7-1) are in a horizontal position, the lower opening of the fermentation tank (12) is closed, and in the closed position, the interval between the scraping plates (7-2) on the adjacent rotating shafts (7-1) is the pipe diameter of the ventilating pipes (13) at the minimum;

the seepage recharging unit (10) comprises a liquid collecting frame (10-1) arranged below a lower supporting pipe (15), a plurality of liquid blocking plates (10-4) are arranged in the liquid collecting frame (10-1), each liquid blocking plate (10-4) is arranged in a baffle sliding chute (10-5) which is correspondingly formed in the frame body on the two sides of the liquid collecting frame (10-1) and is in a step shape, each liquid blocking plate (10-4) slides and expands in the corresponding baffle sliding chute (10-5) to form an inclined frame bottom, the lowest part of the inclined frame bottom is communicated with a drain pipe (17), the drain pipe (17) is communicated with a liquid storage tank (10-2), and the liquid storage tank (10-2) is communicated with a homogenizing cylinder (6-1) through a pump pipe (10-3);

the sorting unit (8) comprises a vibrating screen arranged below the discharging unit (7), and the vibrating screen comprises an upper-layer screen plate (8-1), a middle-layer screen plate (8-2) and a lower-layer screen plate (8-3) which classify materials through a fan (8-4);

the screening and crushing unit comprises a horizontal spiral conveyor (11) and a vertical spiral conveyor (23) which return screening materials of a lower-layer screen plate (8-3) to a storage hopper (21), the storage hopper (21) is arranged above a feeding cylinder (3-1), and a discharge hole of the storage hopper (21) is communicated with a horizontal feed inlet of a feeding hopper (3-2).

2. The integrated multifunctional household garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the fermentation tank (12) comprises an inner layer and an outer layer of air-permeable materials which are tightly attached, wherein the inner layer of air-permeable materials is made of corrosion-resistant metal nets, and the outer layer of air-permeable materials is made of plastic woven films.

3. The integrated multifunctional household garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the corrosion-resistant framework (13-2) is a metal spiral rod.

4. The integrated multifunctional household garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: and a metal detector is arranged on the feeding shovel (2-5).

5. The integrated multifunctional household garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the discharging transmission mechanism is a chain wheel and chain transmission pair (7-4) driven by a discharging servo motor (7-3).

6. The integrated multifunctional household garbage disposal apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the feeding shovel (2-5) adopts the following feeding mode to the horizontal feeding hole:

firstly, directly blanking, wherein the bottom of the feeding port is flush with the horizontal feeding port;

or ② blanking in a free falling mode, wherein the bottom of the feeding port is higher than the horizontal feeding port;

or thirdly, blanking is carried out through a pipeline, and the feeding port is connected with the horizontal feeding port through a pipeline;

or fourthly, conveying and blanking, wherein the feeding port is connected with the horizontal feeding port through a conveying device.

7. The integrated multifunctional household garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: the material storage hopper (21), the feeding cylinder (3-1), the coarse crusher and the fine crusher are arranged in front of the homogenizing cylinder (6-1) and the fermentation tank (12), a conveying unit is arranged between the fine crusher and the homogenizing cylinder (6-1), the conveying unit comprises a material receiving conveying belt (5), a lifting conveying device (19) and a feeding conveying belt (20), the material receiving conveying belt (5) is arranged corresponding to a lower opening of a crushing box (4-1) of the fine crusher, the feeding conveying belt (20) is arranged corresponding to an upper opening of the homogenizing cylinder (6-1), and the lifting conveying device (19) is connected with the material receiving conveying belt (5) and the feeding conveying belt (20).

8. The integrated multifunctional household garbage disposal apparatus according to claim 7, wherein: the gas processing chamber (9) is arranged above the storage hopper (21), and the lifting and conveying device (19) is vertically arranged.