CN115072877A - Ecological filter wall and application thereof - Google Patents
Ecological filter wall and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115072877A CN115072877A CN202210651796.1A CN202210651796A CN115072877A CN 115072877 A CN115072877 A CN 115072877A CN 202210651796 A CN202210651796 A CN 202210651796A CN 115072877 A CN115072877 A CN 115072877A
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/301—Aerobic and anaerobic treatment in the same reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/30—Aerobic and anaerobic processes
- C02F3/302—Nitrification and denitrification treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/322—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae
- C02F3/325—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae use of algae as symbiotic combination of algae and bacteria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
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- Ecology (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological filter wall and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of water pollution treatment. The invention provides an ecological filter wall for preventing and treating water pollution, which comprises a wall body, fibers doped in the wall body, emergent aquatic plants planted at the top end of the wall body and submerged plants planted on at least one side of the outer vertical surface of the wall body. Emergent aquatic plants are planted at the top end of the wall body, submerged plants are planted on at least one side of the outer vertical surface of the wall body, and fiber is doped to domesticate and enrich indigenous functional microorganisms in the water body in situ, so that the pollution removal capacity is enhanced through the synergistic effect of the microorganisms and the plants, and a certain landscape effect is achieved. The wall body can be produced by modularizing the base material, can be conveniently assembled and used on a construction site after leaving a factory, reduces artificial construction traces, does not need to be disassembled after being used, and can improve the ecological landscape system of the water body while maintaining the water quality stability of the water body for a long time.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of water pollution treatment, in particular to an ecological filter wall and application thereof.
Background
In the surface water treatment process, pollutants in rivers and lakes are difficult to treat, the water flow is large, and the water quality fluctuates frequently, so that an in-situ treatment technology which does not influence the ecology of a water body is preferably adopted. The existing water body in-situ treatment technology comprises an artificial floating island, an underwater forest, an ecological slope protection and the like. The artificial floating island mainly absorbs nitrogen and phosphorus in a water body through the plant growth process, but the purpose of efficiently removing pollutants in water is difficult to achieve by simply depending on the absorption of plant roots to the pollutants. Meanwhile, the artificial floating island has short service life, poor wind and wave resistance and large influence of seasons, and is also limited in various aspects in the use process. The underwater forest directly absorbs the nutrient substances in the sewage through roots, stems and leaves to fix a large amount of nutrient substances in the organism, and simultaneously, the roots of the plants can release a large amount of dissolved oxygen to keep the high dissolved oxygen state of the water body, thereby achieving the purpose of purifying the water quality. The underwater forest technology is suitable for being used in a water body with low water flow velocity and small water level change, submerged plants need to be harvested in time when the growth speed is high, and the later maintenance cost is increased. The aquatic plants in the ecological slope protection can slow down the flow velocity of water and play the effect of filtering and intercepting to wherein particulate pollutant, and numerous vegetation and soil also can absorb the pollutant in the water. However, the ecological slope protection only has a good pollutant removal effect on a water body with a narrow water surface, and only plays a role of purifying the water body by plants, and microorganisms play a very little role therein, so that the overall pollutant removal efficiency is not high.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems, the invention provides an ecological filter wall and application thereof, so that the ecological filter wall with the functions of adsorption/filtration, biotransformation and plant absorption can realize the restoration of the polluted water body.
In order to realize the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
in one aspect, the invention provides an ecological filter wall for preventing and treating water pollution, which comprises a wall body, fibers doped in the wall body, emergent aquatic plants planted at the top end of the wall body and submerged plants planted on at least one side of the outer vertical surface of the wall body.
As a preferred embodiment, the material of the wall body is one or more selected from carbon material, polyamide fiber material, polyester fiber material, biological matrix material, inorganic silicate material, nylon material and vinylon material.
As a preferred embodiment, the fibers doped in the wall body are selected from one or more of basalt fibers, carbon fibers, modified fibers and cotton fibers;
preferably, the doping amount of the fiber is 3-9 mg/g;
preferably, the length of the fiber is 5-10 cm.
In the technical scheme of the invention, the types of the plants are determined by the water quality and the climate of the water body;
in a preferred embodiment, the emergent aquatic plant is selected from one or more of emergent aquatic plants which are grown in a soil-containing substrate and have strong nitrogen and phosphorus absorption capacity and strong oxygen secretion capacity of root systems; specific examples include Lythrum salicaria, Iris tectorum, Oriental Waterplantain rhizome, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Scirpus triqueter, canna indica, Acorus calamus, Phyllostachys glauca, Phragmites communis, Typha orientalis, Scirpus emeraldii, Thalictrum foeniculifolium, Cymbopogon flexuosus, and Christina loosestrife.
In a preferred embodiment, the submerged plant is one or more selected from the group consisting of water culture plants and submerged plants grown in a soil-containing medium, which are adapted to various water depths and have a strong oxygen-secreting ability, and examples thereof include curly pondweed, short-leaved sowthistle, water-accumulated deciduous herb, raccoon mackerel, goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, darts algae, and watermifoil.
In a preferable embodiment, the top end and at least one side of the outer vertical surface of the wall body are provided with plant planting holes, and plant planting baskets are arranged in the plant planting holes; the emergent aquatic plants or submerged plants are planted in the plant planting baskets;
preferably, the plant cultivation basket is internally provided with a stone or a soil-containing substrate for fixing the emergent aquatic plants or the submerged plants.
As a preferred embodiment, fibers are also placed in the plant growing basket; in the technical scheme of the invention, the fiber enriches functional flora in situ from a water body, and removal of pollutants is enhanced through synergistic action between the enriched microorganisms and plants;
preferably, the fibers are selected from one or more of basalt fibers, carbon fibers, modified fibers and cotton fibers.
In a preferred embodiment, the diameter of the plant planting hole is 5-15 cm, and 1-3 emergent aquatic plants or submerged plants are planted in each plant planting hole;
preferably, the opening density of the plant planting holes on the wall body is determined by the planting density of the emergent aquatic plants or submerged plants; the planting density of the plants is generally 30-60 plants/m 2 。
In the technical scheme of the invention, in the application process of the ecological filter wall, the ecological filter wall is vertically immersed in a water body, so that the top end and the outer vertical surface of the ecological filter wall are determined;
preferably, the thickness of the ecological filter wall is determined by the pollution degree of the water body, and is preferably 0.3m to 1 m. The volume ratio of the ecological filter wall in the water body can be determined according to the water pollution condition, and is generally 10-40%.
According to the technical scheme, the ecological filter wall is completely inserted into water in the using process and can be fixed through a steel structure, emergent aquatic plants planted at the top end are exposed out of the water surface, and submerged plants planted on the outer vertical surface are below the water surface.
As a preferred embodiment, the ecological filter wall is assembled by stacking a plurality of ecological filter wall blocks in the vertical direction; in certain specific embodiments, the single ecological filter wall block has the following specifications: the length is 0.5-5 m, the width is 0.3-0.5 m, the thickness is 0.3-1 m, and the thickness of the single ecological filter wall block is the thickness of the ecological filter wall; wherein, only the top end of the ecological filter wall block body at the top of the ecological filter wall is provided with planting holes; according to the technical scheme, the ecological filter wall blocks can be vertically connected in a penetrating way by the binding ropes according to the depth of the water body.
On the other hand, the invention provides the application of the ecological filter wall in the treatment of the polluted water body.
Preferably in the in situ remediation of polluted rivers or lakes.
The technical scheme has the following advantages or beneficial effects:
the invention provides an ecological filter wall doped with fibers in a wall body based on emergent aquatic plants and submerged plants and application thereof. The wall body can be produced by modularizing the base material, can be conveniently assembled and used on a construction site after leaving a factory, reduces artificial construction traces, does not need to be disassembled after being used, and can improve the ecological landscape system of the water body while maintaining the water quality stability of the water body for a long time.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the fiber material doped in the wall has the advantages of low cost, good mechanical property, good affinity to microorganisms, no environmental pollution and the like, partial fibers are doped in the wall matrix to improve the microbial biomass of the ecological filter wall, and then partial fiber materials are placed in the plant planting baskets, and aerobic and anoxic microenvironments exist in the plant planting baskets, so that the denitrification effect of the microorganisms attached to the fiber materials is facilitated;
2. emergent aquatic plants are planted at the top end of the ecological filter wall, can effectively absorb pollutants such as nitrogen, phosphorus and the like in a water body, provide a carrier for the growth of microorganisms, provide a dissolved oxygen gradient from top to bottom for the microorganisms on the surfaces of biological fillers and fiber materials through root system oxygen secretion, enrich microbial community structures and further strengthen the removal effect of the microorganisms on the pollutants;
3. the submerged plants are planted on the outer vertical surface of the ecological filter wall, oxygen generated by the submerged plants provides an electron acceptor for functional microorganisms enriched on the wall body, the oxidative decomposition of organic pollutants in a water body is promoted, the thickness of the ecological filter wall can form a stable dissolved oxygen gradient on two sides of the wall body, and then different forms of nitrogen can be removed in different oxygen concentration areas; meanwhile, the submerged plants can improve the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water body, inhibit the reaction of toxic substances in the water body and create a good water ecological environment for aquatic organisms;
4. the ecological filter wall provided by the invention takes the fillers such as carbon materials and biological matrix materials as the matrix material of the wall body, has the characteristics of large specific surface area, stable pore structure, good hydrophilicity, strong biological adhesiveness, strong adsorption capacity and the like, can increase the microbial biomass in the ecological filter wall in a short time, strengthens the conversion of pollutants, and effectively improves the removal rate of the pollutants by the ecological filter wall.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural view of a water pollution treatment simulation reactor D constructed by the ecological filter wall in example 1.
Fig. 2 is a structural view of the ecological filter wall in examples 1 to 3.
FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the effect of the simulated reactor for treating water pollution on ammonia nitrogen, which is constructed by the ecological filter wall in example 1.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the effect of the water pollution treatment simulation reactor constructed by the ecological filter wall in example 1 on the removal of nitrate nitrogen.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the effect of the water pollution treatment simulation reactor constructed by the ecological filter wall in example 1 on the removal of total phosphorus.
Detailed Description
The following examples are only a part of the present invention, and not all of them. Thus, the detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided below is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the invention without making creative efforts, belong to the protection scope of the invention.
In the present invention, all the equipment, materials and the like are commercially available or commonly used in the industry, if not specified. The methods in the following examples are conventional in the art unless otherwise specified.
Example 1:
in the embodiment, a reactor D is constructed by using a cuboid organic glass container with the length, the width and the height of 350mm, 350mm and 360mm, the effective volume in the reactor is 30L, the structure is shown in figure 1, four organic glass baffles III are arranged in the glass container to fix an ecological filter wall, a water inlet I is arranged at the bottom of the left side surface of the glass container, and a water outlet II is arranged at the position, 32cm away from the bottom, of the right side surface of the glass container;
the structure of the ecological filter wall is shown in figure 2, a wall body 2-1 of the ecological filter wall is made of polyamide fiber, basalt fiber 2-3 is doped in the wall body 2-1, the doping amount is 3mg/g, and the length is 5 cm; plant planting holes are formed in the top end and the right side face of the wall body, the built-in diameter is 50mm, the height is 75mm, hollow plant planting baskets are arranged, 2-2 plants are planted in the plant planting baskets, gravels are placed at the bottoms of the plant planting baskets for fixing the plants, and basalt fibers with the length of 5cm are placed at the root systems of the plants.
In this embodiment, the ecological filter wall is formed by vertically stacking and assembling three ecological filter wall blocks (350mm × 100mm × 80 mm), the plant planted on the upper surface of the uppermost ecological filter wall block is an emergent calamus, and the planting density is 115 plants/m 2 (ii) a The plants planted on the right side surface of the stacked three ecological filter wall blocks are submerged plant hydrilla verticillata with the planting density of 140 plants/m 2 (ii) a The size of the assembled filter wall is 350mm multiplied by 100mm multiplied by 240mm,
in the simulation treatment process, the assembled ecological filter wall is placed in a reactor D constructed by an organic glass container according to the side surface of the planted submerged plant facing a water outlet, the position preset by an organic glass baffle is fixed, water is distributed for 30L, the water quality refers to the poor V-class water quality, and the hydraulic retention time is set to be 3D.
And (3) effect testing:
the embodiment tests the ammonia nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and total phosphorus removal effect of the effluent after the reactor D system operates stably.
The present example also provides a control reactor A, B, C:
the ecological filter wall in the reactor A is a wall body formed by polyamide fibers;
the ecological filter wall in the reactor B consists of a wall body formed by polyamide fibers and basalt fibers doped in the wall body, and the doping amount of the fibers is the same as that of the reactor D;
the ecological filter wall in the reactor C is a wall body formed by polyamide fiber, an emergent calamus plant is planted at the top end, and the planting density is the same as that of the reactor D;
the test results for reactor A, B, C, D are shown in fig. 3, 4, and 5:
as can be seen from FIG. 3, the concentration of the ammonia nitrogen in the inlet water is 4.0 +/-0.8 mg/L, the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the ecological filter wall is finally stabilized to be more than 95 percent and can reach 100 percent at most, and the average ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the reactor A, B and the reactor C is only 23.8 percent, 26.8 percent and 32.0 percent;
as can be seen from FIG. 4, the nitrate nitrogen concentration of the inlet water is 6.3 + -0.7 mg/L, and the nitrate nitrogen content of the outlet water of the four reactors is at a lower level, mainly because the concentration of the dissolved oxygen in the reactor A, B, C is low, which is beneficial to the denitrifying bacteria to fully play a role; the ecological filter wall reactor D added with the submerged plants improves the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water body, but because the other side of the ecological filter wall is in an anoxic state, denitrifying bacteria still exist in the reactor, so that the concentration of effluent nitrate nitrogen can be maintained at a lower level;
as can be seen from figure 5, the total phosphorus concentration of the inlet water is 0.54 +/-0.04 mg/L, the removal effect of the ecological filter wall added with the plants on the total phosphorus in the water is obviously better than that of two groups of plants without plants, and the removal rates of A, B, C, D on the total phosphorus are respectively 2.19%, 6.14%, 29.3% and 47.84% after the four groups of reactors operate for 27 days. The total phosphorus removal is mainly due to the absorption of phosphorus by plants, and the adsorption effect of the biological filler is not obvious. In the initial stage of the reactor operation, the total phosphorus content in the effluent of the reactor D in which submerged plants are planted is high, probably because the plants are not adapted to the environment in the reactor, and the total phosphorus concentration in the effluent is obviously reduced after the reactor is operated for a period of time.
According to the invention, the biological filler can be used for providing a carrier for the attachment of microorganisms, the dissolved oxygen concentration of one side in the reactor is obviously increased after the plants are planted, more nitrifying bacteria are enriched, the nitrification capacity is enhanced, and meanwhile, the dissolved oxygen concentration of the side where submerged plants are not planted is lower, so that a proper living place can be provided for the denitrifying bacteria. After submerged plants are planted, the diversity of microorganisms in the biological filler is enriched, the operation effect of the system is more stable, and the pollutant removal efficiency is greatly improved.
Example 2:
this embodiment is used for the normal position restoration of static lake with ecological filter wall, and ecological filter wall is:
the wall body is formed by polyamide fibers, and the thickness of the wall body is 30 cm;
the basalt fiber is doped in the wall body, the doping proportion is 3mg/g, and the fiber length is 5 cm;
the emergent calamus planted on the top of the wall body has the planting density of 38 plants/m 2；
The submerged plant, namely the hydrilla verticillata, is planted on the right side surface of the wall, namely the water outlet side, and the planting density is 12 plants/m 2 ；
In the embodiment, the top end and the right side surface of the wall body are provided with plant planting holes with the diameter of 10cm, plant planting baskets are placed in the planting holes, gravels are placed at the bottoms of the planting baskets for fixing calamus and hydrilla verticillata, and basalt fibers with the length of 5cm are placed at the root systems of plants.
Example 3
The embodiment uses the ecological filter wall for in-situ restoration of the polluted river, and the ecological filter wall is the same as the embodiment 2, except that the fibers doped in the wall and the fibers put in the root systems of the plants are carbon fibers, the emergent aquatic plants are canna, and the submerged plants are sowthistle.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that: it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the principles of the invention and these are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The ecological filter wall for preventing and treating water pollution is characterized by comprising a wall body, fibers doped in the wall body, emergent aquatic plants planted at the top end of the wall body and submerged plants planted on at least one side of the outer vertical surface of the wall body.
2. The ecological filter wall according to claim 1, wherein the material of the wall body is selected from one or more of carbon material, polyamide fiber material, polyester fiber material, biological matrix material, inorganic silicate material, nylon material and vinylon material.
3. The ecological filter wall according to claim 1, wherein the fibers doped in the wall body are selected from one or more of basalt fibers, carbon fibers, modified fibers and cotton fibers;
preferably, the doping amount of the fiber is 3-9 mg/g;
preferably, the length of the fiber is 5-10 cm.
4. The ecological filter wall according to claim 1, wherein the emergent aquatic plants are selected from one or more of Lythrum salicaria, Iris tectorum, Alisma orientale, Sagittaria sagittifolia, Scirpus triqueter, canna, Acorus calamus, Ecliptae herba, Phragmites communis, Typha angustifolia, Scirpus deltoides, Clitopteris argenteus, and Conyza sativa.
5. The ecological filter wall according to claim 1, wherein the submerged plants are selected from one or more of curly pondweed, short bitter grass, water folium Nemacystus decipiens, raccoon, goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, gyrophora magna and foxtail algae.
6. The ecological filter wall as claimed in claim 1, wherein plant planting holes are formed on the top end and at least one side of the outer vertical surface of the wall body, and plant planting baskets are arranged in the plant planting holes; the emergent aquatic plants or submerged plants are planted in the plant planting baskets;
preferably, the plant cultivation basket is internally provided with a stone or a soil-containing substrate for fixing the emergent aquatic plants or the submerged plants.
7. The ecological filter wall as claimed in claim 6, wherein fibers are further placed in the plant growing basket;
preferably, the fibers are selected from one or more of basalt fibers, carbon fibers, modified fibers and cotton fibers.
8. The ecological filter wall according to claim 6, wherein the plant planting holes have a diameter of 5-15 cm, and 1-3 emergent or submerged plants are planted in each plant planting hole;
preferably, the planting density of the emergent aquatic plants or the submerged plants is 30-60 plants/m 2 。
9. The ecological filter wall according to claim 1, wherein the ecological filter wall has a thickness of 0.3m to 1 m;
preferably, the volume ratio of the ecological filter wall in the water body is 10% -40%.
10. Use of an ecological filter wall according to any one of claims 1 to 9 for the remediation of a contaminated water body, preferably for in situ remediation of a contaminated river or lake.
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Cited By (1)
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| CN115465954A (en) * | 2022-09-21 | 2022-12-13 | 珠江水利委员会珠江水利科学研究院 | Hydraulic self-adaptive plant three-dimensional filter wall, water purification treatment system thereof and method for purifying farmland drainage |
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