CN101691257A - Submerged ecological bed for purifying eutrophic waterbody and application thereof - Google Patents
Submerged ecological bed for purifying eutrophic waterbody and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101691257A CN101691257A CN200910034673A CN200910034673A CN101691257A CN 101691257 A CN101691257 A CN 101691257A CN 200910034673 A CN200910034673 A CN 200910034673A CN 200910034673 A CN200910034673 A CN 200910034673A CN 101691257 A CN101691257 A CN 101691257A
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- Biological Treatment Of Waste Water (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a submerged ecological bed for purifying eutrophic waterbody and an application thereof, belonging to the technical field of water environmental pollution treatment. The submerged ecological bed mainly comprises a submerged plant bed, a microbe bed, a buoyancy regulating device and an anchoring device. The upper layer of the submerged ecological bed is submerged plant, and the lower layer thereof is microbe; the lower layer microbe bed is disassemble for increasing the microbe amount at any time; the submerged ecological bed is provided with the buoyancy regulating device for regulating submerge depth and combines with each bed body by the anchoring device at the bottom part thereof; a fine bubble aerator is arranged at the bottom part thereof for fine bubble aerating; the submerged plant at the upper layer of the submerged ecological bed can generate oxygen gas by photosynthesis to form an aerobic-anaerobic microenvironment near roots, thus being favor of converting nitrogen in waterbed into gases such as N2O, N2 and the like for overflowing and lowering nitrogen content in waterbody; in addition, the growth of the submerged plant can absorb a large number of nitrogen and phosphorus from the waterbody, thus playing an important role in lake waterbody restoration by using mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship of the two parts.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lake water environment pollution improvement technology, in particular, is a kind of ecological bed and application in the control of lake water environment pollution of submergence type of purifying eutrophication water body.
Background technology
Quickening along with China's rapid economy development and town and country construction, the pollution becoming serious of lake water surrounding, show as mainly that water area falls sharply, the lake eutrophication aggravation, lake ecosystem is impaired, obliteration of lake is serious, its reason mainly contains: regional industry sewage along the lake, sanitary sewage, agricultural area source discharging are to the pollution of water body in lake; The lake seining cultivation has destroyed lake aquatic attitude system, and the bait of input quickens the eutrophication in lake; Ring lake basin topsoil dried wet deposition causes the lake Effects of water environment.
Lake eutrophication causes the lake self-purification capacity to descend, show as lake body dissolved oxygen decline, transparency reduction, cause submerged plant, planktonic organism, bottom-dwelling death, species diversity reduces, planktonic algae replaces waterplant becomes sociales, and then causes blue-green alga bloom to take place frequently, and the succession of lake aquatic attitude system is the algae type ecosystem based on algae, algal bloom polluted drinking water seedbed water quality jeopardizes the healthy of urban and rural residents.Therefore, to break out be one of limiting factor of restriction social economy Sustainable development for lake eutrophication and blue-green alga bloom.
At present, the lake water environment treatment mainly is divided into several sections such as industrial point-source pollution improvement along the lake, town domestic sewage processing, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area control, water body in lake eutrophication control.Main at present nutritive salt control, biological regulation and control, the reparation of aquatic higher plant, physics ecological engineering technology, the immobilized microorganism technique etc. of adopting of the eutrophication control of water body in lake.It is that to pollute that control and desilting dredge be that the endogenous pollution of representative controls that (desilting is dredged, number of patent application 200720050249.9, a kind of Multifunction desilting car for the external source of representative that classical nutritive salt control techniques mainly adopts to cut dirt; Chemical process, number of patent application 200710132808.5, a kind of algae-removing water-purifying agent and preparation method thereof; Mechanical means, 200610130099.2, a kind of full-automatic algae removing apparatus) method such as, biological modulated control techniques adopt more fish carry out (thank flat, in the enclosure different densities silver carp to the influence of plant plankton, Hua Zhong Agriculture University's journal, 2006.03; Number of patent application 200710031679.0, one seed shrimp-fish-Bei-algae multiple cultivation and water quality biological regulator control system thereof), aquatic higher plant recovery technique adopts waterplant to repair more, comprise emergent, pleuston, (number of patent application 03139848.0 such as submerged plant, a kind of plant restoration method of eutrophication water), the physics ecological engineering technology mainly adopts soft enclosure, and (Pu trains the people with water correction in conjunction with local water body waterplant reparation, purify the physics-ecological engineering experimental study of drinking water source, lake, the lake science, 1997.02), immobilized microorganism technique utilizes the removal of microorganisms pollutent (number of patent application 200510038832.3, efficient nitrogen-cycle bacteria artificial screening and the application in Ecological Recovery of Water and water treatment) of enrichment on the carrier.
Main pleuston, emergent, and the local endemic species such as submerged plant of adopting in aquatic higher plant recovery technique, by the nutritive substance in the water bodys such as a large amount of absorbed nitrogens of the growth metabolism of plant self, phosphorus, absorption suspended particulate, suppress algal grown, enriching heavy metal (number of patent application 200410066162.1, a kind of method of treatig waste water containing chromium with aquatic plant) etc. such as low.
The growth that floats on the surface of existing biological floating bed plant only is suitable for emergent and pleuston, and is inapplicable to submerged plant, also can't bring into play the effect that water microorganisms and waterplant mutualism transform water nutrition salt.Because the transparency of the big-and-middle-sized shallow lake water body of China is not high at present, after the depth of water reached certain depth, submerged plant was owing to weakening of illumination is difficult to normal growth, even meeting is dead, thereby causes water quality further to worsen.Therefore, pressing for exploitation, to have submerged plant-microorganism coefficient ecological bed.Current research shows, adopt liftable floating bed (number of patent application 200810124131.5, Liftable submerged plant growth bed and make and methods for using them) effective purifying eutrophication water body water quality, the liftable floating bed mainly is made up of bed body, buoyancy regulator control system, fixed system, depth-control system and plant and growth matrix five parts thereof, and its submerged vegetation that is mainly used in low transparency and high sea waters recovers.The research worker has carried out comparatively extensive studies to the water body in lake eutrophication control both at home and abroad, a series of technology have been researched and developed, but up to the present, the ecological bed technology of relevant employing submergence type is carried out depth of water adjustment according to transparency and water quality parameter, utilizing submerged plant-water microorganisms system to bring into play submerged plant in eutrophication water absorbs water nutrition salt-microbiological anaerobic and strengthens the device that denitrification process carries out denitrogenation and then conversion-removal water nutrition salt exploitation is not arranged as yet, therefore, develop this type of design library part editor and reuse the improvement of nutrition-enriched water of lake is had positive effect.
Summary of the invention
1. the technical issues that need to address
At serious further lake eutrophication problem, the invention provides a kind of ecological bed and application of submergence type of purifying eutrophication water body, can supply submerged plant growth, the breeding of indigenous water microorganisms, and generation mutualism effect, strengthen submerged plant-microorganism and absorb, transform water nutrition salt effect, organism decomposition and water body nitrogen nutrition salt are removed in the acceleration water body in lake.When water quality worsens when serious, adopt the ecological bed bottom of submergence type microporous aeration device to carry out aeration, can strengthened purification target water body (river, lake, reservoir) water quality.
2. technical scheme
Principle of the present invention:
Submergence type is ecological bed regulates the depth of water according to institute's planting aquatic plants kind, be fit to emergent, pleuston, submerged plant growth, for the growth of microorganism under water body aerobic-anoxia condition in waterplant and the water provides condition, can regulate the bed body degree of depth according to river, lake, reservoir water body transparency condition again.The ecological bed upward submerged plant of submergence type absorbs nitrogen phosphorus and organism in the water in a large number, be converted into self biomass, can reach the purpose of removing water pollutant by the results plant, in addition, the oxygen that submerged plant photosynthesis produces is built the anaerobic-aerobic microenvironment around the root system, help microorganism by nitrated-denitrification with N with ammonium nitrogen, N
2Intermediate gas and N such as O
2Form effusion water body.
Technical scheme:
A kind of submergence type of purifying eutrophication water body is ecological bed, comprise buoyancy regulating device, anchoring device, it also comprises submerged plant bed, microorganism bed, wherein the ecological bed top of submergence type is the submerged plant bed, the bottom is the microorganism bed, the ecological bed top of submergence type is a buoyancy regulating device, and the bottom is an anchoring device.
Micropore aeration pipe is installed in microorganism bed bottom.Microorganism bed bottom is 3～5 row's micropore aeration pipes, the micropore of the 0.2～0.9mm that gathers on the pipe, and an end is shut, and the other end leaves the nut line and can freely be connected with the bank microporous aeration device.
The aspect ratio of submerged plant bed and microorganism bed is between 1～10, and wherein the submerged plant bed is a single layer structure, and the microorganism bed is provided with a plurality of removable type casings according to the ecological bed size of submergence type.Submerged plant bed top is pullable porous top cover, prevent that submerged plant from wafing in the big waters of stormy waves, the circular hole of distributed aperture 5～8cm on the top cover, submerged plant bed bottom is microorganism bed top, the circular hole of distributed aperture 1～3cm, the circular hole of distributed aperture 1～3cm around the bed body freely exchanges interior water body of submerged plant bed and the ecological bed peripheral water body of submergence type, thereby reaches the purpose that purifies water.
Buoyancy control: several ball floats (quantity is determined according to the ecological bed weight of submergence type) are fastened with nylon rope in the ecological bed top of submergence type, when needs make the ecological bed sinking of submergence type, reduce the ball float number, on the contrary, increase the ball float number, can make the ecological bed come-up of submergence type, during concrete the use, regulate the buoyancy size according to the depth of water and water transparency, the color of ball float has nothing in common with each other in addition, is convenient to discern the ecological bed position of submergence type;
The microorganism bed: the microorganism bed is provided with a plurality of pullable casings, the inner carrier of placing, load indigenous nitrogen-cycle bacteria on the carrier (comprise Ammonifying bacteria, nitrite bacteria, nitrobacteria, reach denitrifying bacterium), when the hyperphoric carrier of needs, regulate buoyancy regulating device earlier, make that submergence type is ecological bed to emerge, draw back the microorganism bed then, put into carrier.The circular hole of the densely covered aperture 1～3cm of six faces of microorganism bed makes microorganism water body diffusion towards periphery;
Grappling control: fastening in the ecological bed bottom of submergence type four jiaos anchoring by nylon rope, to decide submergence type ecological bed, anchor is placed in the bed mud so that fixedly submergence type is ecological bed in water body, in order to avoid the bed body moves with current, the material of anchor mainly contains two kinds of iron and cement, can use the weight of anchor according to the decision of stormy waves size, according to depth of water decision nylon rope length;
The ecological bed installation steps of submergence type are as follows:
(1), draws chemical index such as the depth of water, transparency and nitrogen phosphorus by the on-site sampling analysis;
(2) determine the ecological bed size of submergence type, material, microorganism injected volume, anchoring device (6) weight and ball float quantity according to water quality situation and engineering construction zone stormy waves size;
(3) submerged plant is put into submerged plant bed (3), then microorganism is put into microorganism bed (4), anchoring device (6) is fastened at four angles, the ecological bed bottom of submergence type, be thrown in the water, regulate buoyant device (2) according to water transparency, make submergence depth not influence the submerged plant normal growth;
(4), pass through aerating apparatus (1) earlier to the water body aeration if water quality is poor excessively to cause restoration of the ecosystem to be difficult to carry out;
(5) in the project implementing process, water transparency constantly increases, and regulates buoyant device (2) according to the transparency situation, makes the ecological bed subduction of submergence type to reasonable depth, a hyperphoric weekly in addition carrier (load indigenous microorganism on the carrier), when hyperphoric, increase ball float quantity, make the ecological bed come-up of submergence type, draw back microorganism bed (4), put into carrier, reduce ball float then and reduce buoyancy, make the ecological bed subduction of submergence type to the hyperphoric preceding degree of depth of carrier;
3. advantage of the present invention
The submergence type that the invention provides a kind of purifying eutrophication water body is ecological bed, both can regulate the depth of water according to institute's planting aquatic plants kind, be fit to emergent, pleuston, submerged plant growth, for the growth of microorganism under water body aerobic-anoxia condition in waterplant and the water provides condition, can regulate the bed body degree of depth according to river, lake, reservoir water body transparency condition again.Therefore, using the ecological bed technology of submergence type can be low at water transparency, water-level fluctuation is big, the water ecology reparation is carried out in the waters that submerged plant is difficult to survive, can bed body three-dimensional position be regulated and submergence type is ecological bed, change the ecological bed submergence depth of submergence type according to water quality condition, make the ecological bed range of application of submergence type more extensive.In the actual application, can change bed body submergence depth,, enlarge the ecological bed scope of application of submergence type to satisfy submerged plant growth to the transparency needs according to the depth of water and water quality; The convenient microbial biomass that increases at any time of pullable microorganism bed is strengthened the ecological bed purifying water quality of submergence type by the human intervention self purification of water body; Utilize submerged plant-microorganism mutualism effect purifying eutrophication water body, effect is better than independent use submerged plant or microorganism.
When causing restoration of the ecosystem to be difficult to carry out, can strengthen the ecological bed effect that purifies water of submergence type when seriously polluted by the ecological bed bottom of submergence type micro-pore aeration; The bottom anchoring device can prevent that the body from moving with current, makes that submergence type is ecological bed normally to be used in the big waters of stormy waves such as He Hu, reservoir; The ecological bed bed of submergence type body Material Strength is bigger, has stronger anti-current-rush ability, and applied widely, cost and running cost are very low, repair the effective and instant effect of water quality, are a kind of water technologies of simple and flexible.
Under different condition of water quality, adhere to the reasonably combined of different media (azotobacter, organic matter degradation bacteria and adsorption medium etc.) and upper strata submerged plant by lower floor's carrier, make up dissimilar pollutant purifications unit, can subdue the nutrition load, not influence ecoscape not only or but also can reach the purpose of improving and beautifying the environment.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is embodiment 1 a pilot plant test design sketch ,-■-ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) ,-●-nitric nitrogen concentration (mg/L) ,-▲-nitrite nitrogen concentration (mg/L) ,-
-total nitrogen concentration (mg/L);
Fig. 2 is embodiment 2 water body in lake cleaning test design sketchs ,-■-ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) ,-●-nitric nitrogen concentration (mg/L) ,-▲-total nitrogen concentration (mg/L);
Fig. 3 is the river water body cleaning test design sketch that embodiment 3 connects the lake ,-■-COD
Mn(mg/L) ,-●-ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) ,-▲-total nitrogen concentration (mg/L);
Fig. 4 is water conservation district, embodiment 4 lake water body purification test effect figure ,-■-COD
Mn(mg/L) ,-●-ammonia nitrogen concentration (mg/L) ,-▲-total nitrogen concentration (mg/L) ,-
-total phosphorus concentration (mg/L);
Fig. 5 is the ecological bed structural representation of submergence type, 1 aerating apparatus; 2 buoyancy regulating devices; 3 submerged plant beds; 4 microorganism beds; 5 solarization air caps; 6 anchoring devices.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples:
Embodiment 1
Pilot plant test, test adopt 4m * 4m * 2.5m pond as reaction vessel.All inject 25m in two equirotal ponds
3Water, it is ecological bed to put into submergence type in the pond, its framework adopts the ABS engineering plastics, the outside Fixation With Steel Wire, be of a size of 1.5m * 1m * 1m, wherein microorganism bed 4 highly is 0.2m, and 2 pullable casings are respectively established at two ends, each casing is of a size of 0.5m * 0.5m * 0.2m, and submerged plant bed 3 highly is 0.8 meter.Two ecological bed submerged plant beds 3 of submergence type are all placed waterweed 1kg, the ecological bed microorganism bed 4 of one of them submergence type is placed the 1.5kg carrier, load indigenous nitrogen-cycle bacteria on the carrier (comprise Ammonifying bacteria, nitrite bacteria, nitrobacteria, reach denitrifying bacterium), another one is not placed any material to contrast, other establishes aerating apparatus 1 as stand-by plant (the energy-efficient micro-pore aeration system XD-40 of emerging moral), regulates the ecological bed submergence depth of submergence type by Benthos 2040 P series glass ball floats.
System constructing well after, add artificial distribution with ammonium sulfate and SODIUMNITRATE preparation, make that ammonia nitrogen concentration and the nitric nitrogen concentration in the system reaches respectively about 1.0mg/L and 0.5mg/L.In system, add simultaneously glucose to replenish proper amount of carbon source.From the water inlet every day water sampling, detect NH wherein
4 +-N, NO
2 --N, NO
3 -Water-quality guideline such as-N, total nitrogen.
Behind the 11d, system is respectively 84%, 67.3%, 76.9% to the clearance of ammonia nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, total nitrogen.
Test in the lake, pollute mainly from pollution of area source the lake region, for example the sanitary sewage of aquaculture blowdown such as fish and lake region resident discharging.
The ecological bed framework of submergence type adopts the ABS engineering plastics, and Fixation With Steel Wire is used in the outside, is of a size of 4m * 2m * 1.5m, wherein microorganism bed 4 highly is 0.2m, 4 pullable casings are respectively established at two ends, and each casing is of a size of 1m * 1m * 0.2m, and submerged plant bed 3 highly is 1.3 meters.Because water body in lake water quality is not heavily contaminated water quality, do not influence restoration of the ecosystem and carry out, so aerating apparatus 1 (the energy-efficient micro-pore aeration system XD-40 of emerging moral) is a stand-by plant.Submerged plant bed 3 is placed waterweed at random, hornwort, black algae and water caltrop (weight in wet base is 10kg altogether), microorganism bed 4 is placed 8～10kg carrier, the load indigenous nitrogen-cycle bacteria (comprises Ammonifying bacteria on the carrier, nitrite bacteria, nitrobacteria, and denitrifying bacterium), the cement anchoring device 6 of heavy 5kg is fastened at four angles, the ecological bed bottom of submergence type respectively, cement anchoring device 6 be connected by nylon rope between submergence type is ecological bed, regulate buoyancy regulating device 2 (Benthos 2040 P series glass ball floats), make submergence depth satisfy the submerged plant normal growth, a hyperphoric week about in addition carrier increases microbe density in the water.
Behind the engineering construction, water quality has obtained good improvement, and the clearance of ammonia nitrogen, nitric nitrogen, total nitrogen is respectively 54.1%, 50%, 68.9%
Test in certain river course that connects Taihu Lake, its water quality totally belongs to bad V class, and features of pollution is that dissolved oxygen content is lower based on nitrogenous nutritive salt and organic pollutant.Because the shipping function is undertaken in the river course, require the ecological bed submergence depth of submergence type influencing outside the scope of shipping, stream entering lake is generally narrower, safeguard submergence type is ecological bed with respect to big lake surface is easier, this engineering is provided with buoyancy regulating device 2 (Benthos2040 P series glass ball float) and iron block anchoring device 6, changes submergence depth by regulating buoyancy.The ecological bed employing of the submergence type of this engineering PVC framework is of a size of 2m * 1.5m * 1.5m, wherein bottom aerated conduit diameter 0.1m, microorganism bed 4 high 0.2m, 2 pullable casings are respectively established at two ends, and each casing is of a size of 1m * 0.75m * 0.2m, and submerged plant bed 3 highly is 1.2 meters.Microorganism bed 4 is placed the 5kg carrier, load indigenous nitrogen-cycle bacteria on the carrier (comprise Ammonifying bacteria, nitrite bacteria, nitrobacteria, reach denitrifying bacterium).The iron block anchoring device 6 of heavy 5kg is fastened at four angles, the ecological bed bottom of submergence type respectively, iron block anchoring device 6 be connected by nylon rope between submergence type is ecological bed.
When engineering comes into effect, because the water body blackout is smelly, submerged plant is difficult to survival, earlier ecological bed being placed near the bank boat of submergence type involved less position, (the energy-efficient micro-pore aeration system XD-40 of emerging moral) carries out micro-pore aeration by the ecological bed aerating apparatus 1 of submergence type, a hyperphoric week about fixed microorganism carrier, make microorganisms in water keep higher density, microorganism during submergence type is ecological bed progressively plays Degradation to the water pollution material, when water transparency satisfies the submerged plant growth requirement, 10～15kg water caltrop is evenly put into submerged plant bed 3.The high pollution river course is repaired in the mutualism effect of this engineering utilization submerged plant-microorganism, has solved submerged plant and has been difficult to recover this difficult problem at the high pollution water body, behind the engineering construction, the clearance of COD, NH4+, TN is respectively 60%, 48.2%, 55.7%
Test in waters, water conservation district, lake, its intake and near water quality thereof are the IV class.Broken out by the lake algal tufa and the influence of water quality deterioration, waters, protective belt aquatic vegetation degenerates serious, has huge water supply security risk.
In this engineering, because arm of lake is in the face of the spacious water surface, stormy waves is bigger, for the ecological bed bed of wind and wave resistance submergence type body adopts the hollow steel shelf structure, be of a size of 4m * 2m * 1.5m, microorganism bed 4 high 0.2m wherein, 4 pullable casings are respectively established at two ends, each casing is of a size of 1m * 1m * 0.2m, and submerged plant bed 3 highly is 1.5 meters.Because water quality does not belong to heavily contaminated lake water, not influencing restoration of the ecosystem carries out, therefore aerating apparatus 1 (the energy-efficient micro-pore aeration system XD-40 of emerging moral) is a stand-by plant, place the 10kg carrier in the microorganism bed 4, load indigenous nitrogen-cycle bacteria on the carrier (comprise Ammonifying bacteria, nitrite bacteria, nitrobacteria, reach denitrifying bacterium), a hyperphoric weekly carrier, submerged plant bed 3 is placed 15～20kg waterweed, hornwort, black algae and p.malaianus at random, and the iron block anchoring device 6 of heavy 10kg is fastened at four angles, the ecological bed bottom of submergence type respectively.In time regulate buoyancy regulating device 2 (Benthos 2040 P series glass ball floats) according to water quality situation and transparency, make submerged plant continuous purifying eutrophication water body under the normal growth situation, behind the engineering construction, COD
Mn, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, total phosphorus clearance be respectively 58.1%, 69%, 62.2%, 79.4%.
Claims (5)
1. the submergence type of a purifying eutrophication water body is ecological bed, comprise buoyancy regulating device (2), anchoring device (6), it is characterized in that also comprising submerged plant bed (3), microorganism bed (4), wherein the ecological bed top of submergence type is submerged plant bed (3), the bottom is microorganism bed (4), the ecological bed top of submergence type is buoyancy regulating device (2), and the bottom is anchoring device (6).
2. the submergence type of purifying eutrophication water body according to claim 1 is ecological bed, it is characterized in that microorganism bed (4) bottom installation micropore aeration pipe (5).
3. the submergence type of purifying eutrophication water body according to claim 2 is ecological bed, the aspect ratio that it is characterized in that submerged plant bed (3) and microorganism bed (4) is between 1～10, wherein submerged plant bed (3) is a single layer structure, and microorganism bed (4) is provided with a plurality of removable type casings according to the ecological bed size of submergence type.
4. ecological bed according to the submergence type of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described purifying eutrophication water bodies, it is characterized in that being provided with standby aerating apparatus (1).
5. the ecological bed application in the control of lake water environment pollution of the submergence type of a purifying eutrophication water body.
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Application publication date: 20100407 |