CN115067435A - High-protein pigeon feed taking waste feathers, pericarps and schizochytrium limacinum fungus residues as raw materials and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-protein pigeon feed taking waste feathers, pericarps and schizochytrium limacinum fungus residues as raw materials and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/70—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds
- A23K50/75—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for birds for poultry
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
- A23K10/26—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from waste material, e.g. feathers, bones or skin
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- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/33—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from molasses
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-protein pigeon feed taking waste feathers, pericarps and schizochytrium limacinum fungus residues as raw materials and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: mixing puffed feather powder, NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 、K 2 HPO 4 Mixing with water, and heating to obtain feather powder culture medium; inoculating bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis into the feather meal culture medium, and performing shake culture to obtain feather hydrolysate; adding the peel pulp, cane molasses and active lactobacillus powder or active yeast powder into the feather hydrolysate for fermentation to obtain a culture; and adding wheat bran and schizochytrium limacinum fungus residues into the culture, and performing puffing granulation to obtain the high-protein pigeon feed. The high-protein pigeon feed provided by the invention has high protein content and excellent flavor, can promote the ingestion and health of pigeons, has higher quality than the conventional protein feed, and has lower cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of feeds, and particularly relates to a high-protein pigeon feed taking waste feathers, pericarps and schizochytrium limacinum fungus residues as raw materials and a preparation method thereof.
Background
At present, with the continuous expansion of the breeding scale of pigeons in China, the pigeon feed industry is more and more concerned. Pigeon feeds are mainly divided into energy feeds, protein feeds, vitamin feeds and mineral feeds. The protein feed accounts for 25-35% of the daily feed intake of the pigeons and plays an important role in the growth and health of the pigeons. The existing pigeon protein feed is divided into plant protein feed and animal protein feed. The main components of the animal protein feed comprise fish meal, meat powder, silkworm chrysalis powder, earthworm powder and the like, and the animal protein feed can cause adverse effect on the meat quality of pigeons, so the application of the animal protein feed is not popularized yet. Although the plant protein feed has high quality and good palatability, the price is high. The adoption of a large amount of vegetable protein materials can affect food supply and reduce the source of food materials.
Schizochytrium (Schizochytrium) is a single-cell heterotrophic marine microalgae rich in DHA and other Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, is one of the main microorganisms for producing DHA, has already been approved by FDA in safety, and has great economic potential. At present, the production of DHA by using schizochytrium limacinum as a raw material mainly comprises two steps: (1) under the heterotrophic condition, a large amount of schizochytrium thallus rich in DHA is accumulated through fermentation; (2) and (3) after the thalli are subjected to mechanical wall breaking and enzymolysis wall breaking, separating and collecting the grease. The residual schizochytrium thallus residue after DHA production is still rich in protein, dietary fiber, polysaccharide and the like. The accumulation and the discarding of the thallus residues can cause environmental pollution and are not beneficial to the sustainable development of the DHA fermentation industry. The application of the thallus residue in the production of pigeon feed is a high-value utilization mode aiming at the thallus residue, and related reports are rarely reported at present.
The feather is an important byproduct of poultry products, wherein the protein content is up to 90 percent, and the feather contains rich sulfur-containing amino acid and has extremely high feeding potential. The feather resource is efficiently developed and utilized, so that the problem of solid waste pollution of the breeding industry is solved, and the problem of insufficient feed protein resource in China is solved. Feather protein has a very stable molecular structure and is difficult to digest and decompose. But after the feather is subjected to high-temperature and high-pressure puffing and crushing and is subjected to microbial degradation, the structure of feather protein can be opened and the feather protein is decomposed into amino acid and polypeptide which are easy to digest and absorb, so that the feather protein is suitable for improving the protein content and quality of the feed.
Pericarp is a major byproduct of fruit and vegetable product processing, such as grapefruit peel, orange peel, etc. The pericarp contains a large amount of fiber, sugars, antioxidants and aromatics. The components make the peel well improve the nutrition and palatability of the feed. Meanwhile, the pericarp can also be used as a substrate for fermentation of probiotics such as lactobacillus or yeast, and other flavor substances can be generated under the action of the microorganisms, so that the appetite of poultry is promoted, and the feed intake of the poultry is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to prepare the high-protein pigeon feed by taking the waste feathers, the peel and the schizochytrium residue as raw materials through microbial transformation, and the feed has low cost and high quality, thereby realizing the cyclic utilization of resources, improving the economic benefit of enterprises, reducing environmental pollution sources and realizing the decrement and increment of organic wastes and the diversification of feed nutrition.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
the first purpose of the invention is to provide a preparation method of a high-protein pigeon feed taking waste feathers, pericarps and schizochytrium limacinum mushroom dregs as raw materials, which comprises the following steps: mixing puffed feather powder, NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 、K 2 HPO 4 Mixing with water, and heating to obtain feather powder culture medium; inoculating bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid into the feather meal culture medium, and performing shake culture to obtain feather hydrolysate; adding the pectin pulp, cane molasses and active lactobacillus powder or active yeast powder into the feather hydrolysate, and fermenting to obtain a culture; adding wheat bran and schizochytrium residue into the culture, and performing puffing granulation to obtain the high-protein pigeon feed.
Preferably, the preparation method comprises the following steps:
A. 100-200 g of puffed feather powder, 0.5-1 g of NaCl and 0.4-0.8 g of KH 2 PO 4 、0.3～0.6g K 2 HPO 4 Mixing with 0.5-1L of water, and heating for 15-30 min at 115-121 ℃ to obtain a feather meal culture medium;
B. inoculating a bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid into a feather powder culture medium, and performing shake cultivation for 24-72 hours at 28-37 ℃ to prepare a feather hydrolysate;
C. stirring 50-100 g of pericarp to prepare pericarp slurry, and adding the pericarp slurry and 1-60 g of cane molasses into the feather hydrolysate to prepare a feather hydrolysate-pericarp slurry mixture;
D. adding active lactobacillus powder or active yeast powder into the feather hydrolysate-pericarp slurry mixture, and carrying out anaerobic culture at 28-37 ℃ for 24-96 h;
E. and D, adding 20-100 g of wheat bran and 5-50 g of schizochytrium residue into the culture obtained in the step D, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 10-50% by mass, and performing puffing granulation to obtain the high-protein pigeon feed.
Preferably, the bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid is bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid in a growth stabilization phase.
Preferably, the bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid is a liquid obtained by culturing bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis to a stationary phase by adopting a nutrient gravy or an LB culture medium.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid is 20-100 mL/L.
Preferably, the pericarp comprises orange peel or grapefruit peel.
Preferably, the inoculation amount of the active lactobacillus powder or the active yeast powder is 20-100 g/kg.
Preferably, the particle size of the expanded particles is 0.3-2.0 mm.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide a high-protein pigeon feed prepared by the preparation method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the raw materials used by the invention are waste feather, pericarp and schizochytrium residue, which all belong to byproducts of agricultural and livestock products. The invention converts the waste into high-protein pigeon feed with high value, thereby not only realizing the recycling of resources, but also greatly reducing the production cost and improving the economic benefit.
(2) The pigeon feed developed by the invention has high protein content and excellent flavor, can improve the feed intake and health condition of pigeons, and has higher cost performance than most similar products.
(3) The fermentation process of the one-pot two-step method adopted by the invention is efficient, novel, simple and feasible, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and has considerable industrialization prospect.
Drawings
Figure 1 is the high protein pigeon feed of example 1.
Figure 2 is the whole pea protein feed of comparative example 1.
Detailed Description
The following examples are further illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting thereof.
The puffed feather powder in the following examples is prepared by pulverizing and puffing raw feathers.
Example 1
A preparation method of a high-protein pigeon feed taking waste feathers, pericarps and schizochytrium limacinum mushroom dregs as raw materials comprises the following steps:
1) every 200g of the puffed feather powder is added with 1g of NaCl and 0.8g of KH 2 PO 4 ，0.6g K 2 HPO 4 And 1L of distilled water, mixing, heating at 121 deg.C for 15min, and making into 200g/L feather powder culture medium.
2) Culturing the bacillus subtilis to a stationary phase by adopting nutrient gravy, and adding bacillus subtilis liquid in the stationary phase into the feather meal culture medium in the step 1), wherein the inoculation amount is 50 mL/L; shaking-culturing at 37 deg.C for 72h to obtain feather hydrolysate.
3) And (2) crushing 100g of shaddock peel to prepare shaddock peel pulp, and adding the shaddock peel pulp and 30g of cane molasses into the feather hydrolysate to prepare a feather hydrolysate-shaddock peel pulp mixture.
4) Adding active lactobacillus powder (Anhui Baozhilin pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) into the mixture of feather hydrolysate and shaddock peel pulp, wherein the inoculation amount is 50 g/kg; anaerobic culture was carried out at 37 ℃ for 48 h.
5) Adding 100g of wheat bran and 50g of schizochytrium residue into the culture obtained in the step 4), uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 20% by mass, and performing puffing and granulation to obtain the high-protein pigeon feed with the particle size of 2.0 mm.
Example 2
Example 1 the active lactic acid bacteria powder in step 4) was replaced with active yeast powder (Angel Yeast Co., Ltd.) in an inoculum size of 20g/kg, a cultivation temperature of 30 ℃ and a cultivation time of 48 hours. The rest is equal to the example 1, and the high protein pigeon feed with the grain size of 2.0mm is obtained.
Example 3
A preparation method of a high-protein pigeon feed taking waste feathers, pericarps and schizochytrium limacinum mushroom dregs as raw materials comprises the following steps:
1) adding 0.5g NaCl and 0.4g KH per 100g puffed feather powder 2 PO 4 ，0.3g K 2 HPO 4 And 1L of distilled water, mixing, heating at 115 deg.C for 30min, and making into 100g/L feather powder culture medium.
2) Culturing bacillus licheniformis to a stationary phase by adopting an LB culture medium, and adding bacillus licheniformis liquid in the stationary phase into the feather powder culture medium in the step 1), wherein the inoculation amount is 100 mL/L; performing shake culture at 28 deg.C for 24 hr to obtain feather hydrolysate.
3) Stirring 50g of orange peel to prepare orange peel pulp, adding the orange peel pulp and 60g of cane molasses into the feather hydrolysate, and preparing a feather hydrolysate-orange peel pulp mixture.
4) Adding active lactobacillus powder (Anhui Baozhilin pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.) into the mixture of feather hydrolysate and orange peel pulp, wherein the inoculation amount is 100 g/kg; anaerobic culture at 28 deg.C for 96 h.
5) Adding 20g of wheat bran and 5g of schizochytrium residue into the culture obtained in the step 4), uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 10% by mass, and performing puffing and granulation to obtain the high-protein pigeon feed with the particle size of 0.3 mm.
Comparative example 1
Peas with the diameter of 0.5-1 cm are selected and prepared into a full pea protein feed suitable for feeding pigeons, namely the pigeon feed.
Comparative example 2
Step 5) of example 1 was changed to: adding 150g of wheat bran into the culture obtained in the step 4), uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 20% by mass, and performing puffing granulation to obtain the high-protein pigeon feed with the particle size of 2.0 mm.
Application example one,
The pigeon is fed with the protein feed (pigeon feed) prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 for 60 days, and the protein feed accounts for 30% of the ration of the pigeon. The test method is as follows: 50 pigeons are selected for birth for 15 days, wherein 25 male pigeons and 25 female pigeons are selected, and the physical signs, the mental states and the like of the selected pigeons are equivalent in all aspects. Experimental groups 1 to 3 respectively feed the pigeons prepared in examples 1 to 3, and control groups 1 to 2 respectively feed the pigeons prepared in comparative examples 1 to 2. Each group comprises 10 pigeons, wherein each pigeon is 5 pigeons, so that the pigeons can eat the pigeons freely and drink the pigeons frequently, and clean drinking water is provided for the pigeons. Guarantee the sanitary cleanness of pigeon shed, regularly wash the disinfection to pigeon shed, wait to use after the complete drying, avoid moist environment to nourish the bacterium. The average daily food intake and incidence per pigeon per group were recorded and the results are shown in table 1 below.
TABLE 1
| Group of | Average daily food intake | Incidence of disease |
| Example 1 | 58g/d | 0％ |
| Example 2 | 60g/d | 0％ |
| Example 3 | 46g/d | 0％ |
| Comparative example 1 | 40g/d | 10％ |
| Comparative example 2 | 35g/d | 0％ |
The pigeon feed prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 1, and the feed has a fragrant smell and is suitable for the taste of pigeons. Compared with the whole pea protein feed in comparative example 1 (figure 2) and the feed without schizochytrium residue in comparative example 2, the pigeons are more willing to eat the feed in examples 1-3 of the invention, and the incidence of diseases of the pigeons eating the feed in examples 1-3 is lower (table 1). In addition, the protein feed in the examples 1-3 has the total protein content of more than 30 percent and is rich in various amino acids, while the protein content of the whole pea protein feed in the comparative example 1 and the feed without schizochytrium limacinum dregs in the comparative example 2 is only 15-20 percent.
In conclusion, the high-protein pigeon feed provided by the invention has high protein content and excellent flavor, can promote the ingestion and health of pigeons, has higher quality than the conventional protein feed, and has lower cost.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Claims (9)
1. A preparation method of a high-protein pigeon feed taking waste feathers, pericarps and schizochytrium limacinum mushroom dregs as raw materials is characterized by comprising the following steps: mixing puffed feather powder, NaCl, KH 2 PO 4 、K 2 HPO 4 Mixing with water, and heating to obtain feather powder culture medium; inoculating bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid into the feather meal culture medium, and performing shake culture to obtain feather hydrolysate; adding the pectin pulp, cane molasses and active lactobacillus powder or active yeast powder into the feather hydrolysate, and fermenting to obtain a culture; and adding wheat bran and schizochytrium limacinum fungus residues into the culture, and performing puffing granulation to obtain the high-protein pigeon feed.
2. The method of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
A. 100-200 g of puffed feather powder, 0.5-1 g of NaCl and 0.4-0.8 g of KH 2 PO 4 、0.3～0.6g K 2 HPO 4 Mixing with 0.5-1L of water, and heating for 15-30 min at 115-121 ℃ to obtain a feather meal culture medium;
B. inoculating a bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid into a feather powder culture medium, and performing shake cultivation for 24-72 hours at 28-37 ℃ to prepare a feather hydrolysate;
C. stirring 50-100 g of pericarp to prepare pericarp slurry, and adding the pericarp slurry and 1-60 g of cane molasses into the feather hydrolysate to prepare a feather hydrolysate-pericarp slurry mixture;
D. adding active lactobacillus powder or active yeast powder into the feather hydrolysate-pericarp slurry mixture, and carrying out anaerobic culture at 28-37 ℃ for 24-96 h;
E. and D, adding 20-100 g of wheat bran and 5-50 g of schizochytrium residue into the culture obtained in the step D, uniformly mixing, adjusting the water content to 10-50% by mass, and performing puffing granulation to obtain the high-protein pigeon feed.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis solution is a growth-stationary Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis solution.
4. The preparation method of claim 3, wherein the Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis liquid is a liquid obtained by culturing Bacillus subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis to stationary phase with nutrient broth or LB medium.
5. The preparation method according to claim 2, wherein the inoculation amount of the bacillus subtilis or bacillus licheniformis liquid is 20-100 mL/L.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein said peel comprises orange or grapefruit peel.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein the amount of the inoculated active lactic acid bacteria powder or active yeast bacteria powder is 20 to 100 g/kg.
8. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the expanded granules have a particle size of 0.3 to 2.0 mm.
9. A high protein pigeon feed prepared according to the preparation method of any one of claims 1-8.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN115606678A (en) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-01-17 | 广东省科学院生物与医学工程研究所 | Method for preparing high-protein probiotic animal feed by using waste feathers through composite feeding probiotics |
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| CN105211509A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-06 | 玉林师范学院 | A kind ofly utilize feed of pomelo peel ferment making and preparation method thereof |
| CN105454658A (en) * | 2015-12-21 | 2016-04-06 | 合肥工业大学 | Preparation method of feather fermentation protein feed |
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| CN101869184A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-10-27 | 山东省农业科学院高新技术研究中心 | Microbial feed additive and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105211509A (en) * | 2015-11-12 | 2016-01-06 | 玉林师范学院 | A kind ofly utilize feed of pomelo peel ferment making and preparation method thereof |
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