CN115054677A - 一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方 - Google Patents
一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,包括以下重量份原料:山覆盆子0.1‑0.3g、白茅根0.1‑0.3g、山药0.3‑0.5g、茯苓0.3‑0.5g、桑葚0.34‑0.35g、黄精提取物0.01‑0.03g、黑米0.01‑0.03g、青稞0.1‑0.2g、燕麦0.1‑0.2g、糙米0.1‑0.2g、莲子0.1‑0.2g、芡实0.1‑0.2g。小分子肽类物质易于吸收,可直接进入细胞内,激发酶活性,改善缺陷改善中间代谢膜肺泡、脑髓膜、红细胞壁、肾小球基底膜的通透性。有效的补充、吸收营养,可以排出毒素,防御原病体的入侵,增强肝肾细胞的再生能力,缓解肾脏排泄压力。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及肾病患者技术领域,具体涉及一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方。
背景技术
肾病与营养不良可互为因果关系,肾功能减退与能量-蛋白质营养不良、贫血、高血磷、高尿酸、低胆固醇等营养障碍表现有关,采取合理饮食有可能保护残存肾功能、干预慢性肾病的进展。如食物摄入严重不足,会出现高分解代谢慢性炎症状态、内分泌紊乱、高胰高血糖素血症及甲状旁腺功能亢进等,加速患者营养不良的进程,96%终末期肾病患者死于严重营养不良。肾功能的损害导致身体各种代谢的异常,不同程度地出现体重的下降、低蛋白血症、高甘油三酯血症和贫血,且与肾功能损害程度呈正相关;基于此,本发明提供一种适用肠胃患者多维营养素配方。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种适用肠胃患者多维营养素配方,以解决上述背景技术中提出的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:
一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.1-0.3g、白茅根0.1-0.3g、山药0.3-0.5g、茯苓0.3-0.5g、桑葚0.34-0.35g、黄精提取物0.01-0.03g、黑米0.01-0.03g、青稞0.1-0.2g、燕麦0.1-0.2g、糙米0.1-0.2g、莲子0.1-0.2g、芡实0.1-0.2g、圆白菜0.1-0.2g、胡萝卜0.15-0.17g、西红柿0.15-0.17g、紫甘蓝0.08-0.10g、南瓜0.15-0.16g、黄瓜0.15-0.17g、苦瓜0.08-0.10g、白萝卜0.01-0.03g、牛骨肽1.1-1.3g、乳清肽0.1-0.2g、大豆肽0.3-0.4g、玉米肽0.1-0.2g、菊粉0.4-0.5g、聚葡萄糖0.3-0.4g、赤藓糖醇0.1-0.2g、木糖醇0.1-0.2g、甜菊糖苷0.003-0.004g、复合维生素0.01-0.02g、复合矿物质0.02-0.03g。
优选地,所述适用肾病患者多维营养素配方包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.2-0.3g、白茅根0.2-0.3g、山药0.4-0.5g、茯苓0.4-0.5g、桑葚0.341-0.35g、黄精提取物0.02-0.03g、黑米0.02-0.03g、青稞0.12-0.2g、燕麦0.12-0.2g、糙米0.12-0.2g、莲子0.12-0.2g、芡实0.12-0.2g、圆白菜0.12-0.2g、胡萝卜0.16-0.17g、西红柿0.16-0.17g、紫甘蓝0.09-0.10g、南瓜0.16-0.16g、黄瓜0.16-0.17g、苦瓜0.09-0.10g、白萝卜0.02-0.03g、牛骨肽1.2-1.3g、乳清肽0.12-0.2g、大豆肽0.32-0.4g、玉米肽0.12-0.2g、菊粉0.42-0.5g、聚葡萄糖0.31-0.4g、赤藓糖醇0.12-0.2g、木糖醇0.12-0.2g、甜菊糖苷0.0032-0.004g、复合维生素0.013-0.02g、复合矿物质0.021-0.03g。
优选地,所述适用肾病患者多维营养素配方包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.2g、白茅根0.2g、山药0.4g、茯苓0.4g、桑葚0.35g、黄精提取物0.02g
黑米0.2g、青稞0.1g、燕麦0.1g、糙米0.1g、莲子0.2g、芡实0.1g、圆白菜0.16、胡萝卜0.16g、西红柿0.16g、紫甘蓝0.09g、南瓜0.16g、黄瓜0.16g、苦瓜0.09g、白萝卜0.02g、牛骨肽1.2g、乳清肽0.1g、大豆肽0.3g、玉米肽0.1g、菊粉0.4g、聚葡萄糖0.3g、赤藓糖醇0.1g、木糖醇0.1g、甜菊糖苷0.003g、复合维生素0.01g、复合矿物质0.02g。
优选地,所述复合维生素为VA、VD、VE、VB1、VB2、V6、VC、VB12、泛酸钙、叶酸、烟酰胺中的一种或多种组合物。
优选地,所述复合维生素为VA。
优选地,所述复合矿物质为钙、铁、镁、锌、磷中的一种或多种。
优选地,所述复合矿物质为磷。
本品营养补充剂可改善肾病患者机体功能
多种矿物质和维生素代谢失调,是慢性肾脏病的主要表现之一。体内叶酸、VC、VA、VE、V6以及矿物质等的补充可以延缓肾功能进展、改善病程和结局。小分子肽类物质易于吸收,可直接进入细胞内,激发酶活性,改善缺陷改善中间代谢膜肺泡、脑髓膜、红细胞壁、肾小球基底膜的通透性。有效的补充、吸收营养,可以排出毒素,防御原病体的入侵,增强肝肾细胞的再生能力,缓解肾脏排泄压力。
1叶酸、维生素B12、B1、B2、B6等改善肾病患者透析缺失的多元维生素,减少蛋白沉积,延缓肾衰。
叶酸是B族水溶性维生素,是DNA合成的必需物质,在人体细胞的生长、繁殖、新陈代谢起着非常重要的作用,叶酸的缺乏会引起多系统受损。适量补充叶酸可明显延缓高血压患者肾脏病变的发展,减少慢性肾脏病发展为尿毒症的风险。静脉内应用叶酸及维生素B12对降低维持血液透析的尿毒症患者血浆高胱氨酸浓度是有效的,血浆高胱氨酸浓度还受到基因型与透析类型的影响。慢性肾功能衰竭患者常伴有多个并发症,如贫血、动脉粥样硬化、消化系统疾病、代谢性酸中毒和抑郁症等,这些并发症均与叶酸的缺乏密切相关。人体不能自身合成叶酸,只能从食物中摄入。当人体摄入叶酸不足时,大约在4个月左右叶酸会被耗尽。而且慢性肾衰竭可累及多个系统,消化系统最易受累。叶酸的主要吸收部位是小肠,而尿毒症可以引起胃肠功能紊乱,导致患者叶酸吸收不良。慢性肾功能衰竭和持续性血液透析(MHD)并无明显叶酸和维生素B12的缺乏,高通量血液透析对维持性血液透析患者血清叶酸、维生素B12水平在透析前后无变化。慢性肾功能衰竭患者的血清叶酸水平低于正常健康人群,血液透析和腹膜透析可以引起体内血清叶酸部分丢失,所以进行血液透析和腹膜透析患者需要适量补充叶酸。
尿毒症患者中血清叶酸水平低于普通人群血清叶酸水平。慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清叶酸平均水平低于正常人群血清叶酸水平,血液透析、腹膜透析患者血清叶酸水平均低于正常人群。腹膜透析与血液透析患者血清叶酸水平无明显差异。血液透析可以清除透析患者血液中部分叶酸。慢性肾功能衰竭患者叶酸水平与维生素B12水平正相关,叶酸缺乏能够加重尿毒症患者贫血程度。
口服叶酸片和维生素B12可降低糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清Hcy,减少24h尿微量白蛋白,在糖尿病肾病的发生发展中有治疗作用。相对维生素B12、维生素B6、维生素B2等B族维生素而言,叶酸降低血浆Hcy的能力最强。
叶酸及维生素B12可以减轻糖尿病肾脏病变的程度,叶酸和维生素B12存在交互作用,联合应用降低尿蛋白的升高幅度作用最明显。维生素B12和叶酸联合在升高GSHPx的同时降低了氧化产物MDA的水平,氧化应激机制是糖尿病肾血管发生病变的重要环节,而叶酸、维生素B12能起到改善血管病变的作用。III期及以上慢性肾脏病患者维生素B6缺乏风险增加,应适当补充。进展期慢性肾脏病患者(如4、5期接受透析治疗)患者血清叶酸及其代谢产物发生改变。
II型糖尿病患者肾病早期即发生维生素B1缺乏,且与肾病的进展密切关联,补充维生素B1可能有助于改善糖尿病肾病患者的病情。而鉴于维生素B1具有保护血管内皮细胞完整性和促进血管新生的潜在作用,维生素B1或其衍生物可能是潜在的改善包括糖尿病肾病的糖尿病微血管并发症的新药物。血清NF-κB的水平,一定程度上可以反映糖尿病肾病患者神经病变的严重程度,为糖尿病肾病的诊断及治疗提供新的思路。并血清维生素B1水平与NF-κB水平呈负相关关系,补充维生素B1在一定程度上能够降低NF-κB的活性,改善神经传导速度,进而达到治疗糖尿病肾病的目的。烟酰胺治疗维持性血液透析尿毒症患者高磷血症,患者血磷,血钙,iPTH水平清除效果好,临床疗效显著。维生素B6缺乏能引起免疫功能紊乱,在氨基酸和蛋白质代谢中也发挥重要作用,透析和慢性肾衰竭的患者缺乏维生素B6还可能引起草酸盐浓度升高,所以对于透析和慢性肾病患者应该每天补充维生素B6。
2维生素A、C、D、E通过多种途径减轻肾细胞的损伤、增殖、凋亡过程。
维生素C代谢产生草酸,当肾衰竭患者维生素C摄入增加时,尿和血清草酸盐可能会增加。慢性肾脏病患者似乎不需要补充维生素A,除非膳食摄入较少或血清维生素A浓度低于正常。在维持性血液透析人群中,维生素E可能对其有益。
近年来越来越多的研究表明维生素D在蛋白尿和肾小球硬化的消退中起关键作用,动物和细胞实验的证据也显示,维生素D能通过多种途径减轻肾细胞的损伤和过度增殖,从而改善糖尿病肾病患者的预后。维生素D是一种脂溶性维生素,也是一种类固醇激素,可通过紫外线照射皮肤中的7-脱氢胆固醇产生,也可通过从食物中摄取动物来源的D3和植物来源的D2。活性维生素D能够通过上调AKT/UCP2信号通路保护肾小管细胞免受高糖的侵害,减少肾小管细胞的凋亡。维生素D在肾脏中合成的核心作用也已得到了充分证明:肾脏疾病患者中普遍存在的维生素D代谢功能障碍。此外,活性维生素D可直接阻断培养的肾小管上皮细胞中由TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮-间充质转化,从而在肾间质纤维化过程中发挥有益作用。
1,25-二羟维生素D3具有激素活性,可治疗慢性肾脏病引发的继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进和肾性骨营养不良。它不仅可维持钙磷及骨代谢平衡,还可从多种病理途径,如抗炎症反应、抑制肾素-血管紧张素系统、减少蛋白尿、抑制系膜细胞增殖和足细胞丢失、阻止肾小球肥大、改善肾小球和肾小管间质纤维化等发挥对慢性肾脏病的肾保护作用。它通过免疫调节、抑制胰岛β细胞(保护作用)凋亡、抗炎等方式而保护胰岛β细胞、促进胰岛素分泌,在1型、2型糖尿病的发生、发展中起重要作用。还可通过降低肾素基因启动子的活性、提高血钙水平纠正甲状旁腺功能亢进、阻断核因子-κB的信号转导等途径减少AngⅡ的合成以减少蛋白尿来延缓DN的进展,它及其类似物可减轻炎性和非炎性慢性肾脏病模型的进展,有抗增殖和抑制肾脏生长的作用,其作用的主要靶细胞是足细胞和系膜细胞。活性维生素D3通过抑制RAS系统、系膜细胞增殖、细胞外基质沉积、炎性因子分泌和保护足细胞等途径改善DN的病理生理过程,从而保护肾功能。
3小分子肽类促进肾病患者新陈代谢,修复身体受损细胞,同时加快蛋白质的吸收。
牛骨肽、乳清肽、大豆肽、玉米肽分别是丛胎牛的四肢骨、牛乳、大豆、玉米中提取的蛋白质,经过定向酶切及特定小肽分离技术获得的多肽物质,皆属于小分子肽类。小分子肽功效主要作用是修复(修复人体变性的细胞来改善细胞新陈代谢)、激活(激活细胞,把长期在休眠状态的细胞保持在活跃的状态并且去除对人体危害)、促进(促进新陈代谢)、抑制(细胞变性来增强人体的免疫力)。小分子肽在进入肝肾脏细胞,通过改善肾脏组织的微循环,激活肾脏碳酸酐酶,增强肾脏对血液的滤过功能,积极彻底地将新陈代谢产生的废物和进入人体的有害物质排除体外,净化人体内环境。此外,大豆肽在糖尿病性肾病模型中被发现可以改善胰岛素抵抗性和瘦素(leptin)抵抗性.且大豆肽具有降低急性肾性高血压大鼠血压的作用,其降压作用是通过降低血浆AngⅡ的水平而实现的[17]。玉米肽可抑制血管紧张素转换酶的活性,作为一种血管紧张素的竞争性抑制剂,减轻血管紧张读,产生降压作用。
4.膳食纤维可降低肾病患者的毒素水平。
菊粉、低聚葡萄糖皆属于膳食纤维,高纤维的食物在促进肠道排毒、降低血糖、胆固醇、重金属及炎性因子,增强免疫能力及控制体重方面有一定益处,改善肠道微生态和身体生化指标,一定程度减轻肾脏负担,预防慢性疾病。理论上,膳食纤维可通过调节肠道菌群的组成及代谢而抑制蛋白质发酵,减少IS及PCS的产生。例如在非透析CKD患者及透析患者中补充菊粉均可降低血浆PCS浓度。简言之,菊粉主要是通过调整肠胃的运动,促进对维他命以及微量元素的吸收,从而减毒抗病的作用。
5.蔬菜类食物可帮助肾病患者增强肝肾细胞的再生能力,缓解肾脏排泄压力
1南瓜
南瓜中含有胡萝卜素,具有抗氧化作用,并且可以直接抵抗致癌因子。在平时适当的吃南瓜可以帮助消除致癌物质亚硝酸胺突变,而且南瓜中含有的果胶对人体来说是有很大的好处,它可以帮助我们清理人体中的重金属和一些有毒的物质,帮助肝、肾功能衰退患者增强肝肾细胞的再生能力。故有防癌、防中毒的作用。
2甘蓝与紫甘蓝
甘蓝(BrassicaOleracea),为十字花科二年生草本植物,食用部分为其叶茎,味甘,性平,无毒;归胃、肾、心经。含有丰富的维生素U、Bi、B2、C、P、E、胡萝卜素、多种氨基酸以及钾、钠、钙、铁、磷、硫、氦、锰、钴、铜、锌、钼等矿物质,能补中和血、宽肠胃、益肾补虚[19]。
紫甘蓝又称红甘蓝、赤甘蓝,俗称紫包菜,十字花科、芸苔属甘蓝种中的一个变种,是结球甘蓝中的一个类型。紫甘蓝富含膳食纤维、维生素C、叶酸和维生素K等营养物质,它们可以帮助排出血管壁胆固醇,疏通血液循环,减轻我们肾脏的排泄压力,保护肾健康。并且,紫甘蓝中含铁量丰富,同时还合有丰富的B胡萝卜素和钙,可以养肾护肾。此外,紫甘蓝还含有大量花青素,紫甘蓝花青素提取物可以减轻D半乳糖所致氧化水平的升高,提高小鼠的血清,脑组织,肝脏,脾脏和肾脏中超氧化物歧化酶,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶的活力,提高总抗氧化水平,降低丙二醛积累[20].
3黄瓜
黄瓜中含有丰富的维生素和微量元素,适当进食黄瓜能够获取里面充足的水分,提高身体的免疫力。黄瓜中的黄瓜酸可以促进身体的新陈代谢,排除身体中多余的毒素,同时还有利尿的效果,降低体内尿酸水平,有利于肾脏毒素的排出,起到肾脏保护作用。
4胡萝卜和白萝卜
胡萝卜(学名:Daucus carota var.sativa Hoffm.)是伞形科、胡萝卜属野胡萝卜的变种。胡萝卜营养价值高,经常进食胡萝卜不仅可以获取丰富的胡萝卜素,还可以摄入果胶。胡萝卜中果胶含量多,能够和人体中的重金属结合,降低血液中汞离子的浓度,在汞离子及时排泄出体外时,肾脏负担也会减轻。另外,胡萝卜中还含有人体需要的多种维生素、矿物质和微量元素,可以达到延缓衰老,促进肾脏健康的作用。而且胡萝卜中钾离子的含量比较低,不会加重肾脏的代谢负担。
白萝卜根茎类蔬菜,十字花科萝卜属植物。白萝卜味道鲜美,营养丰富,含有芥油,糖类,钙,磷,铁,核黄素和维生素C,B1,B2等众多物质,可以起到缓和肾病进程的作用。
5西红柿
西红柿富含多种维生素,含糖量低,富含抗氧化成份,有利于肾炎患者体内免疫活化损伤的控制,特别是维生素C,对于CKD肾友而言,维生素C均有较好的改善肾功能及降低尿蛋白排泄率的作用,且维生素C能增加铁的吸收,降低肾病病人常伴的贫血症状。
另番茄红素大量存在西红柿的成熟果实中。有研究表明,番茄红素对于肾功能也有一定的保护作用。番茄红素具有抑制肾肥大、减轻蛋白尿、减缓氧化应激反应和改善肾功能的作用。
6苦瓜
苦瓜为苦寒之品,含苦瓜甙、苦瓜素以及VC等物质,营养丰富。其中抗坏血酸含量在瓜类中突出,为黄瓜的14倍,冬瓜的5倍,西红柿的7倍。研究还发现苦瓜总皂苷对肾病有很好的改善作用。例如有学者等发现苦瓜总皂苷可通过降低肾脏组织中TGF-β_1、SOCS1、PKC-α和TGF-β的表达,进而有助于炎性因子和肾功能的改善,防止其疾病的进一步进展。还可以上调PTEN的表达,抑制PI3K/Akt通路的活化,对DN小鼠的肾脏有保护作用。
6矿物质可改善肾病患者机体代谢异常情况。
1.Zn
慢性肾功能衰竭患者血Zn的含量,不论年龄、性别、民族、原发肾病或有无透析等都降低。慢性肾功衰病人常伴有阳萎和睾丸酮分泌信少的表现,其重要的原因之一就是Zn的缺乏,有人认为肾功能不全患者血Zn降低可能并不是整个机体缺乏Zn,而是Zn在机体内重新分布的结果。锌是具有广泛生理作用的微量元素之一,在体内参与许多主要的生理过程,锌与200余种酶、核酸、蛋白质的合成密切相关,能影响细胞分裂、生长和再生。血清锌浓度与血清白蛋白、球蛋白含量相平行,并呈显著正相关。缺锌可以抑制T细胞的增殖和分化,从而引起T细胞功能损害。还有发现,锌缺乏患儿淋巴细胞转化率低于正常,锌不足亦可能引起胸腺素活性降低。
2.Fe
慢性肾功衰病人红细胞生成素减少、红细胞生成素活性受到抑制而造成贫血,这是血Fe含量下降的一个原因,部分血波透析病人的缺Fe倾向还有因血透过程中操作丢失所致。铁具有重要的生理作用,参与血红蛋白的合成,与β1球蛋白结合合成铁蛋白存在,发生肾病综合征(NS)时,血清铁蛋白和血红蛋白降低有关。
Ga与Mg
一些研究已证实在NS患儿血清钙是降低的,而镁是正常的。钙低的原因是由于维生素D3结合蛋白的丢失,造成活性维生素D3缺乏,影响血钙及骨代谢。钙含量正常可能与患儿体内镁的排泄量减少等因素有关。
P
维持磷的平衡对人类健康至关重要,但是由于慢性肾脏病(CKD)患者的磷排泄的恶化,肾脏功能降低时磷平衡可能为阳性。最近的实验和临床研究表明,尽管肾脏功能得以保留,但体内过多的磷元素却与心血管疾病有关。在磷过多的CKD患者中,心血管疾病或血管钙化,外周血管疾病,内皮功能障碍,矿物质和骨代谢紊乱(包括骨折)的发生率增加,并且死亡率更高。另外,血清磷浓度的升高是CKD患者的终末期肾衰竭的危险因素。当肾脏的磷排泄障碍导致磷的积累失去平衡时,通过刺激甲状旁腺激素(素和成纤维细胞生长因子23(FGF23)来调解血液中磷的浓度。
磷酸盐平衡是磷酸盐摄入和产出的净结果。磷是细胞生命和功能所必需的,肠内吸收非常有效,可以在磷酸盐缺乏的情况下使人体保持最佳平衡。磷酸盐通过两种不同的途径沿胃肠道吸收:被动的细胞旁途径(通过细胞间紧密连接)和主动的细胞间途径(主要通过专用的磷酸盐通道NaPi-2b),NaPi-2b对维生素D的活性形式1,25-二羟基维生素D的上调导致磷酸盐吸收增加。肠腔内任何未结合的(无机)磷酸盐分子都将几乎被完全吸收,只有在磷酸盐摄入过多的情况下,肾脏的排泄环路才会被激活。肾功能衰竭对胃肠道磷酸盐吸收的作用有限。相比之下,磷酸盐的输出几乎完全取决于肾脏的排泄,这是通过肾小球滤过来完成的,因此往往随着肾小球滤过率(GFR)的下降而下降。组成型活性的管状磷酸盐重吸收可保护健康的生物免受磷酸盐损失,这种吸收主要发生在跨细胞途径的肾近端部分。在磷酸盐超载的情况下(如当肾小球滤过率(GFR)下降时可能发生),NaPi-2a通道从近端小管细胞的顶膜中取出。这种适应增加了通过肾单位近端部分的磷酸盐的量,从而导致较高的单个肾单位磷酸盐的部分排泄,进而增加了血尿。NaPi-2a的回收来自甲状旁腺素和FGF-23对肾脏的作用。随着这些激素的水平随着肾小球滤过率(GFR)的降低而增加,这种机制可以自适应地补偿磷酸盐超滤的下降。
四、药食同源中药现代医学研究成果
慢性肾病反复发作,或长期缠绵不愈,导致蛋白尿、潜血阳性,中医认为,此类患者多为脾肾两虚,不能固摄,精微物质统摄无权,治疗时,需补肾固精,益气健脾,兼以化瘀止血。山药,味甘,性平,归肺脾肾三经,能益气健脾,补肾涩精,为配方中君药;黄精,健脾补肾,覆盆子,补肾固精,共助君药补肾固精之功,为臣药;桑葚,补血滋阴,生津润燥。茯苓,利水渗湿,健脾,宁心为此方佐药;鲜白茅根,清热凉血止血,防止余热伤及血络,为使药。全方脾肾同治,重在补肾,固涩清化同用,重在固肾涩精,全方补而不滞,涩中有清,适用于慢性肾病长期蛋白尿、血尿的人群。
1.山药与肾脏疾病的治疗和肾保护作用
山药为薯蓣科植物薯蓣Dioscorea opposite Thunb的干燥根茎,习称怀山药,具有补脾养胃、生津益肺、补肾涩精之功效。其临床用于脾虚食少、久泻不止、肺虚喘咳、肾虚遗精、带下、尿频、虚热消渴[33]。山药也是治疗肾小球肾炎的常用中药,临床上用于治疗肾病的方剂很多,如:益肾健脾化瘀汤(其中含山药15g)治疗慢性肾炎蛋白尿,效果显著;功能失调性子宫出血主要是以肾的阴阳失调为发病动因,补肾调经汤配合性激素是治疗功能失调性子宫出血的有效方法,益肾固冲汤(含山药,视病情可加减药味)治疗先兆流产,疗效显著、安全,无明显副作用。糖尿病肾病是糖尿病的主要并发症之一,是与糖尿病代谢异常有关的毛细血管间肾小球硬化症。益气养阴汤(含山药20g)结合西药常规治疗对糖尿病肾病的疗效优于单纯西药常规治疗。中医认黄褐斑病因病机为肝肾不足,精血亏虚,气血不能上荣于面,致使颜面气血失和而发病,加味六味地黄汤(含山药15g)内服配合玉容散外用治疗黄褐斑临床疗效显著[39],薯蓣丸(含山药600g)加黄芪、蝉蜕,可缓解,消除或减少蛋白尿,改善肾功能,临床治疗慢性肾炎。
2.黄精与肾脏疾病的治疗和肾保护作用
黄精是一种传统中药,又名黄鸡莱、鸡头黄精等,为百合科植物黄精和多花黄精的根茎,拥有养阴补气、润肺健脾益肾等功效,制黄精能够改善肾脏的血液动力学变化,从而起到延缓慢性肾衰竭的进展,改善肾纤维化的作用[41],黄精多糖是黄精的主要有效成分,研究表明其能改善顺铂(DDP)所致大鼠肾功能损害,考虑机制可能与其抗氧化作用有关,通过降低DDP所致的细胞脂质过氧化增强能力,减轻了其对肾小球及肾小管细胞的毒性作用。此外,黄精多糖还能抑制糖尿病鼠心、肾组织RAGE,mRNA表达,对高血糖及糖基化终产物(AGE)造成的组织损伤具有保护作用。
3.覆盆子与肾脏疾病的治疗和肾保护作用
覆盆子属于蔷薇科植物,是一味常用的中药,具有益肾固精、抗炎消毒之功效,可用于治疗肾虚腰痛、阳痿早泄、尿频等。覆盆子来由的最早记载在《本草衍义》,云:“益肾脏,缩小便,服之当覆其溺器,如此取名也。”《本草备要》云:“益肾脏而固精,补肝虚而明目,起阳痿,缩小便。”《本草纲目》云:“益肾固精,补肝明目,缩尿。”由此可见,覆盆子既可补肾益精,且可固精缩尿,标本兼治,是治疗多尿症首选药物,且因其性味味甘平,诚如《本草图经》云:“强肾无燥热之偏,固精无凝涩之害。”在补肾缩尿方面为古代医家推崇。经临床多年研究表明用覆盆子(树莓)经自然发酵生物提取酿制而成的果酒,能更充分的提取有益物质,并有利于人体的吸收[44]。
覆盆子正丁醇部位中高剂量对于预防氢化可的松诱导的肾阳虚小鼠的体重下降和血睾酮浓度降低具有很好的效果,而且对于肾脏细胞缩小,胞浆减少,睾丸的各级精母细胞减少有明显抑制作用。其提取物还能够提高去势大鼠阴茎对外部刺激的兴奋性,增强模型动物的耐寒、耐疲劳能力,自主活动次数增加,证明覆盆子提取物具有一定的温肾助阳作用,氯仿部位和乙酸乙酯部位可能通过降低AchE活性,升高ChAT活性,保护海马CA1区神经元损伤,减少细胞tau蛋白表达而起到改善肾阳虚型痴呆大鼠学习记忆。
4.白茅根与肾脏疾病的治疗和肾保护作用
白茅根,为禾本科植物白茅Imperata cylindrica Beauv.var.major(Nees)C.E.Hubb.的干燥根茎。具有凉血止血,清热利尿的功效。
早期就有研究报道白茅根煎剂洽疗肾小球肾炎有很好效果,白茅根多糖可能通过降低血清IL-2和IL-6水平,减少肾脏IgA沉积及足突融合情况从而改善IgA肾病大鼠的肾功能及肾脏病理改变。其所含有的萜类内脂类甾醇类及有机酸,能够起到缓解肾小球血管痉挛的作用,因此可以有效提高治疗效果,治疗肾综合征出血热急性肾功能衰竭效果显著。白茅根不同提取物对阿霉素肾病大鼠有不同程度的保护作用,其中乙酸乙酯部位组作用最强。白茅根及其复方汤对IgA肾病大鼠模型均可明显减少血尿蛋白尿,减轻病理改变,改善肾功能。
5.桑葚与肾脏疾病的治疗和肾保护作用
桑葚又名桑果、桑枣、葚子等,为桑科植物桑树(Morus alba Linn.)的成熟果穗,被国家卫生部列为“既是食品又是药品”的“药食同源”农产品之一。桑葚主入肝、肾经。早在古籍《随息居饮食谱》中记载桑葚可以“滋肝肾,充血液,祛风湿,健步履,息虚风,清虚火。”桑葚中还含有人体必需氨基酸及易于吸收的多糖、丰富的维生素、红色素及人体缺乏的钙、铁、锌、硒等矿物质,具有增强免疫力、促进造血细胞的生长、促进新陈代谢等作用,具有丰富的营养价值和有一定的药理学价值。现代医学临床证明:桑葚有很好的滋补心、肝、肾,及养血祛风的功效。
石珺[55]等发现复方桑椹对2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏有良好的保护作用.其作用机制可能与降低肾脏AGEs及降低血糖有关.黄磊等采用D-半乳糖建立衰老大鼠模型,用桑葚浓缩汁作用后,肾组织中SOD,CAT,氧化酶活性和总抗氧化能力增强,MDA水平,血尿素氨(包),血清肌酐(Scr)水平和B淋巴细胞瘤2相关蛋白(伯灵顿)基因表达降低,对肾脏具有保护作用。桑葚含有的化学成分桑葚红色素具有抑菌总用,总黄酮具有抗氧化及抑制黑色素的生成作用;桑葚花色苷具有显著抑制-OH诱导AGES生成,阻断糖基化反应,引起蛋白质交联物的形成作用,从而达到间接保护肾脏的作用。
6.茯苓与肾脏疾病的治疗和肾保护作用
茯苓,为多孔菌科真菌茯苓Poria cocos(Schw.)Wolf的干燥菌核,味甘、淡,性平,归心、肺、脾、肾经。有利水渗湿,健脾,宁心的功效。茯苓具有保护肾脏作用,可在一定程度上防治肾病综合征、慢性肾衰竭及肾结石等[58]。相关机制可能包括:1.茯苓,主要是通过抑制肾小管重吸收而发挥利尿作用,机制为激活Na+,K+—ATP酶活性有关——促进机体的水盐代谢功能,其所含的茯苓素可拮抗醛固酮受体而起利尿作用,从而减轻肾病病人钠水潴留所致的高血压;镇静作用则会使病人的交感神经兴奋度降低,实验发现,此药可对抗咖啡因所致小鼠的过度兴奋;这些都会使肾“承压伤”降低。2.茯苓,有保护肝脏的作用,这些保护作用会使机体代谢得以改善,酸性代谢产物-产生减少,体内“酸度”降低,血液经肾之“酸度伤”减轻。3.茯苓,能使机体免疫力增强,中医认为“脾主为卫”,“四季脾旺不受邪”,说明脾具有增强抗御病邪与机体免疫功能;现代医学发现,茯苓可促进T淋巴细胞增殖反应和白细胞介素2活性,可促进巨噬细胞吞噬功能等,这些无疑会使机体抵抗病原体“侵袭”的能力增强,感染发生的几率自然减少;茯苓还有抗菌作用。这些作用都会使病原体和毒素直接伤、病原体和抗体形成复合物沉积于肾之伤、病原体和毒素致“”血瘀伤”减少,因而使肾“感染系列伤”减少。
茯苓成分多样。有研究发现,茯苓醇提取物可以改善肾病综合征大鼠蛋白尿和腹水,使大鼠体内血清总蛋白、球蛋白、总胆固醇和IL-4的水平降低[59]。茯苓皮乙醇提取物及其乙酸乙酯提取部位具有显著的利尿活性,茯苓皮乙醇提取物能够有效治疗腺嘌呤诱导的CKD,机制可能与改善异常的脂质代谢和氨基酸代谢是有关[60]。茯苓多糖能明显改善db/db小鼠肾脏损伤,其机制可能与p38 MAPK磷酸化收到抑制及PPAR-γ通路被激活有关[61]。从茯苓中提取鉴定的新型茯苓酸如茯苓新酸ZM和茯苓新酸ZP也可以减轻肾脏纤维化,其机制可能是茯苓酸可调控小鼠的氧化还原信号通路和芳基烃受体信号通路。王伟等也发现茯苓酸可改善单侧肾积水导致的间质纤维化,可能与下调TGF-β1、pSmad2/3、MMP-9的表达有关。另外,邓耒娇[63]等研究发现,茯苓多糖具有明显的抗高尿酸血症作用,其机制可能是上调有机阴离子转运体1的表达,下调尿酸转运体1的表达,从而增加尿酸的排泄。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的有益效果:
本发明多种矿物质和维生素代谢失调,是慢性肾脏病的主要表现之一,体内叶酸、VC、VA、VE、V6以及矿物质等的补充可以延缓肾功能进展、改善病程和结局。小分子肽类物质易于吸收,可直接进入细胞内,激发酶活性,改善缺陷改善中间代谢膜肺泡、脑髓膜、红细胞壁、肾小球基底膜的通透性。有效的补充、吸收营养,可以排出毒素,防御原病体的入侵,增强肝肾细胞的再生能力,缓解肾脏排泄压力。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本实施例的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.1-0.3g、白茅根0.1-0.3g、山药0.3-0.5g、茯苓0.3-0.5g、桑葚0.34-0.35g、黄精提取物0.01-0.03g、黑米0.01-0.03g、青稞0.1-0.2g、燕麦0.1-0.2g、糙米0.1-0.2g、莲子0.1-0.2g、芡实0.1-0.2g、圆白菜0.1-0.2g、胡萝卜0.15-0.17g、西红柿0.15-0.17g、紫甘蓝0.08-0.10g、南瓜0.15-0.16g、黄瓜0.15-0.17g、苦瓜0.08-0.10g、白萝卜0.01-0.03g、牛骨肽1.1-1.3g、乳清肽0.1-0.2g、大豆肽0.3-0.4g、玉米肽0.1-0.2g、菊粉0.4-0.5g、聚葡萄糖0.3-0.4g、赤藓糖醇0.1-0.2g、木糖醇0.1-0.2g、甜菊糖苷0.003-0.004g、复合维生素0.01-0.02g、复合矿物质0.02-0.03g。
本实施例的适用肾病患者多维营养素配方包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.2-0.3g、白茅根0.2-0.3g、山药0.4-0.5g、茯苓0.4-0.5g、桑葚0.341-0.35g、黄精提取物0.02-0.03g、黑米0.02-0.03g、青稞0.12-0.2g、燕麦0.12-0.2g、糙米0.12-0.2g、莲子0.12-0.2g、芡实0.12-0.2g、圆白菜0.12-0.2g、胡萝卜0.16-0.17g、西红柿0.16-0.17g、紫甘蓝0.09-0.10g、南瓜0.16-0.16g、黄瓜0.16-0.17g、苦瓜0.09-0.10g、白萝卜0.02-0.03g、牛骨肽1.2-1.3g、乳清肽0.12-0.2g、大豆肽0.32-0.4g、玉米肽0.12-0.2g、菊粉0.42-0.5g、聚葡萄糖0.31-0.4g、赤藓糖醇0.12-0.2g、木糖醇0.12-0.2g、甜菊糖苷0.0032-0.004g、复合维生素0.013-0.02g、复合矿物质0.021-0.03g。
本实施例的适用肾病患者多维营养素配方包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.2g、白茅根0.2g、山药0.4g、茯苓0.4g、桑葚0.35g、黄精提取物0.02g黑米0.2g、青稞0.1g、燕麦0.1g、糙米0.1g、莲子0.2g、芡实0.1g、圆白菜0.16、胡萝卜0.16g、西红柿0.16g、紫甘蓝0.09g、南瓜0.16g、黄瓜0.16g、苦瓜0.09g、白萝卜0.02g、牛骨肽1.2g、乳清肽0.1g、大豆肽0.3g、玉米肽0.1g、菊粉0.4g、聚葡萄糖0.3g、赤藓糖醇0.1g、木糖醇0.1g、甜菊糖苷0.003g、复合维生素0.01g、复合矿物质0.02g。
本实施例的复合维生素为VA、VD、VE、VB1、VB2、V6、VC、VB12、泛酸钙、叶酸、烟酰胺中的一种或多种组合物。
本实施例的复合维生素为VA。
本实施例的复合矿物质为钙、铁、镁、锌、磷中的一种或多种。
本实施例的复合矿物质为磷。
实施例1:
本实施例的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.1g、白茅根0.1g、山药0.3g、茯苓0.3g、桑葚0.34g、黄精提取物0.01g、黑米0.01g、青稞0.1g、燕麦0.1g、糙米0.1g、莲子0.1g、芡实0.1g、圆白菜0.1g、胡萝卜0.15g、西红柿0.15g、紫甘蓝0.08g、南瓜0.15g、黄瓜0.15g、苦瓜0.08g、白萝卜0.01g、牛骨肽1.1g、乳清肽0.1g、大豆肽0.3g、玉米肽0.1g、菊粉0.4g、聚葡萄糖0.3g、赤藓糖醇0.1g、木糖醇0.1g、甜菊糖苷0.003g、复合维生素0.01g、复合矿物质0.02g。
本实施例的复合维生素为VA。
本实施例的复合矿物质为磷。
实施例2:
本实施例的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.2g、白茅根0.2g、山药0.4g、茯苓0.4g、桑葚0.35g、黄精提取物0.02g黑米0.2g、青稞0.1g、燕麦0.1g、糙米0.1g、莲子0.2g、芡实0.1g、圆白菜0.16、胡萝卜0.16g、西红柿0.16g、紫甘蓝0.09g、南瓜0.16g、黄瓜0.16g、苦瓜0.09g、白萝卜0.02g、牛骨肽1.2g、乳清肽0.1g、大豆肽0.3g、玉米肽0.1g、菊粉0.4g、聚葡萄糖0.3g、赤藓糖醇0.1g、木糖醇0.1g、甜菊糖苷0.003g、复合维生素0.01g、复合矿物质0.02g。
本实施例的复合维生素为VD。
本实施例的复合矿物质为铁。
对于本领域技术人员而言,显然本发明不限于上述示范性实施例的细节,而且在不背离本发明的精神或基本特征的情况下,能够以其他的具体形式实现本发明。因此,无论从哪一点来看,均应将实施例看作是示范性的,而且是非限制性的,本发明的范围由所附权利要求而不是上述说明限定,因此旨在将落在权利要求的等同要件的含义和范围内的所有变化囊括在本发明内。
此外,应当理解,虽然本说明书按照实施方式加以描述,但并非每个实施方式仅包含一个独立的技术方案,说明书的这种叙述方式仅仅是为清楚起见,本领域技术人员应当将说明书作为一个整体,各实施例中的技术方案也可以经适当组合,形成本领域技术人员可以理解的其他实施方式。
Claims (7)
1.一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,其特征在于,包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.1-0.3g、白茅根0.1-0.3g、山药0.3-0.5g、茯苓0.3-0.5g、桑葚0.34-0.35g、黄精提取物0.01-0.03g、黑米0.01-0.03g、青稞0.1-0.2g、燕麦0.1-0.2g、糙米0.1-0.2g、莲子0.1-0.2g、芡实0.1-0.2g、圆白菜0.1-0.2g、胡萝卜0.15-0.17g、西红柿0.15-0.17g、紫甘蓝0.08-0.10g、南瓜0.15-0.16g、黄瓜0.15-0.17g、苦瓜0.08-0.10g、白萝卜0.01-0.03g、牛骨肽1.1-1.3g、乳清肽0.1-0.2g、大豆肽0.3-0.4g、玉米肽0.1-0.2g、菊粉0.4-0.5g、聚葡萄糖0.3-0.4g、赤藓糖醇0.1-0.2g、木糖醇0.1-0.2g、甜菊糖苷0.003-0.004g、复合维生素0.01-0.02g、复合矿物质0.02-0.03g。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,其特征在于,所述适用肾病患者多维营养素配方包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.2-0.3g、白茅根0.2-0.3g、山药0.4-0.5g、茯苓0.4-0.5g、桑葚0.341-0.35g、黄精提取物0.02-0.03g、黑米0.02-0.03g、青稞0.12-0.2g、燕麦0.12-0.2g、糙米0.12-0.2g、莲子0.12-0.2g、芡实0.12-0.2g、圆白菜0.12-0.2g、胡萝卜0.16-0.17g、西红柿0.16-0.17g、紫甘蓝0.09-0.10g、南瓜0.16-0.16g、黄瓜0.16-0.17g、苦瓜0.09-0.10g、白萝卜0.02-0.03g、牛骨肽1.2-1.3g、乳清肽0.12-0.2g、大豆肽0.32-0.4g、玉米肽0.12-0.2g、菊粉0.42-0.5g、聚葡萄糖0.31-0.4g、赤藓糖醇0.12-0.2g、木糖醇0.12-0.2g、甜菊糖苷0.0032-0.004g、复合维生素0.013-0.02g、复合矿物质0.021-0.03g。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,其特征在于,所述适用肾病患者多维营养素配方包括以下重量份原料:
山覆盆子0.2g、白茅根0.2g、山药0.4g、茯苓0.4g、桑葚0.35g、黄精提取物0.02g
黑米0.2g、青稞0.1g、燕麦0.1g、糙米0.1g、莲子0.2g、芡实0.1g、圆白菜0.16、胡萝卜0.16g、西红柿0.16g、紫甘蓝0.09g、南瓜0.16g、黄瓜0.16g、苦瓜0.09g、白萝卜0.02g、牛骨肽1.2g、乳清肽0.1g、大豆肽0.3g、玉米肽0.1g、菊粉0.4g、聚葡萄糖0.3g、赤藓糖醇0.1g、木糖醇0.1g、甜菊糖苷0.003g、复合维生素0.01g、复合矿物质0.02g。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,所述复合维生素为VA、VD、VE、VB1、VB2、V6、VC、VB12、泛酸钙、叶酸、烟酰胺中的一种或多种组合物。
5.根据权利要求3所述的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,所述复合维生素为VA。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,其特征在于,所述复合矿物质为钙、铁、镁、锌、磷中的一种或多种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种适用肾病患者多维营养素配方,其特征在于,所述复合矿物质为磷。
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