CN115053684A - Fertilizing method of value-added fertilizer - Google Patents
Fertilizing method of value-added fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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- CN115053684A CN115053684A CN202210794789.7A CN202210794789A CN115053684A CN 115053684 A CN115053684 A CN 115053684A CN 202210794789 A CN202210794789 A CN 202210794789A CN 115053684 A CN115053684 A CN 115053684A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for fertilizing a value-added fertilizer, which belongs to the technical field of cultivation, and comprises base fertilizer fertilization and green returning and topdressing; the fertilization method can effectively reduce the urea loss in the soil, and tests show that the nitrogen content of the soil before the first fertilization is 1.52g/kg, the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 0-15cm is 2.84-3.17g/kg, the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 15-30cm is 3.48-3.66g/kg, the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 30-50cm is 3.25-3.51g/kg, the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 50-70cm is 2.20-2.43g/kg, and the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 70-100cm is 1.64-1.67 g/kg.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a value-added fertilizer application method, and belongs to the technical field of cultivation.
Background
The value-added fertilizer is a fertilizer value-added product produced by scientifically mixing biological activity synergistic carriers such as humic acid, alginic acid, amino acid and the like with bulk chemical fertilizers such as urea, ammonium phosphate, compound fertilizers and the like, and has yield increase potential and weight reduction potential for grain crops compared with the conventional fertilizer.
Along with the zero-growth action of the fertilizer usage amount developed by Chinese agriculture, the green transformation and upgrading of weight reduction and efficiency increase is rapidly promoted in the fertilizer industry, the large fertilizers such as urea, ammonium phosphate, compound fertilizers and the like enter the transformation period, the total yield of the domestic value-added fertilizers in 2019 reaches 1000 ten thousand tons, and the large fertilizers become the largest green high-efficiency fertilizer variety in the world, and the large fertilizers such as the Chinese conventional urea, ammonium phosphate, compound fertilizers, water-soluble fertilizers and the like are expected to be comprehensively transformed and upgraded into the green products with high effective nutrients in the future 5 to 10 years.
Urea is a main chemical nitrogen fertilizer variety in China, accounts for about 65% of nitrogen fertilizer consumption, the urea nitrogen fertilizer is strong in activity and multiple in loss way, after the urea nitrogen fertilizer applied to soil is converted, besides being absorbed by crops and fixed by the soil, a considerable part of nitrogen is lost through ammonia volatilization, nitrification, denitrification, runoff, eluviation and other ways, the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in China is always at a lower level, so that the development of value-added urea products becomes an important research direction, and the types of the value-added urea which is widely applied at present comprise alginic acid urea and humic acid urea.
The principle of the urea alginate is that alginic acid and urea are mixed to enable the urea to have a slow release effect, the principle is that alginic acid and urea form hydrogen bonds to generate interaction force, humic acid in the urea humic acid has a certain inhibition effect on soil urease activity to reduce ammonia volatilization loss, and the humic acid also has a certain slow release effect on the urea, because the humic acid and urea molecules not only form a large number of hydrogen bonds, but also complex coordination bonds, covalent bonds, carbon-nitrogen double bonds and the like, the binding force between the humic acid and the urea is stronger than that between alginic acid and the urea, compared with the urea alginate, the urea humic acid has lower urea loss rate and good appreciation effect, but the urea humic acid is easy to be combined with calcium and magnesium to generate floccules, so the urea can not be mixed with other fertilizers for use, and the urea alginate does not have the phenomenon of being combined with calcium and magnesium ions, can be mixed with other fertilizers for use, so that the problem to be solved urgently is to improve the binding force of alginic acid and urea.
CN101891546A discloses alginic acid coated slow-release urea with urease inhibiting effect and a preparation method thereof, which is beneficial to uniformly spraying alginic acid on the surface of urea particles, so that the prepared fertilizer has lower cost, can effectively reduce the loss caused by rainwater leaching, belongs to urea alginate, but the binding force of alginic acid and urea is lower, and the urea loss in soil is more.
In conclusion, in the existing alginic acid urea fertilizer, the binding force between alginic acid and urea is low, so that urea is lost in soil more.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and further provides a fertilizing method by preparing alginic acid value-added urea, so that the loss of urea in soil is reduced.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for applying a value-added fertilizer comprises base fertilizer application and green turning and additional fertilizer application.
The following is a further improvement of the above technical solution:
the step of fertilizing the base fertilizer comprises the steps of primary fertilizing of the mixed fertilizer and secondary fertilizing of the mixed fertilizer;
the method for fertilizing the mixed fertilizer at one time comprises the steps of applying the mixed fertilizer A to cultivated land by adopting a broadcast application method 9-11 days before wheat seeding, wherein the dosage of the mixed fertilizer A is 18-22 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5-5.5 parts of alginic acid value-added urea, 2.5-3.5 parts of potash fertilizer and 4.5-5.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 51-52.5 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 17.5-18.5 wt%;
the secondary fertilization method of the mixed fertilizer comprises the steps of applying the mixed fertilizer B to farmland by adopting a fertilization instrument 1-3 days before wheat is sown, wherein the fertilization depth is 25-35cm, and the dosage of the mixed fertilizer B is 4-6 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3.5-4.5 parts of alginic acid value-added urea, 1.8-2.2 parts of potash fertilizer and 2.5-3.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 51-52.5 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 17.5-18.5 wt%;
the method for the green-turning and top dressing comprises the steps of when the growing part of the core leaves of the wheat seedlings reaches 1.7-1.9cm in the green-turning period of the wheat in the next year, using a fertilizing instrument to perform top dressing, wherein the depth of the top dressing is 12-14cm, the using amount of the top dressing is 18-22 kg/mu, and after top dressing, watering with a proper amount of water, wherein the watering amount is 130-160 kg/mu;
the additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5-5.5 parts of alginic acid value-added urea, 1.8-2.2 parts of potash fertilizer and 4.5-5.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content is 51-52.5 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 17.5-18.5 wt%;
the preparation method of the alginic acid value-added urea comprises the steps of preparing an anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution, grinding powder, mixing and drying, loading alginic acid, mixing and granulating:
the method for preparing the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution comprises the steps of mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, stirring until the chitosan oligosaccharide is completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide solution, dropwise adding 0.4-0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the pH value to 8.1-8.3, then dripping acetic anhydride into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, simultaneously using 0.4-0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to maintain the pH value at 8.1-8.3, controlling the stirring speed at 500r/min after finishing dripping, stirring for 200min at the stirring time of 150-, dialyzing in distilled water for 22-25h, freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide, and mixing the anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water to obtain anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1: 14-16;
the mass ratio of the acetic anhydride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 9-11: 7;
the molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2300-2700 Da;
the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag for dialysis is 1800-2100 Da;
mixing zeolite, nano titanium dioxide, diatomite and deionized water, putting the mixture into a ball mill, adding ceramic grinding balls, controlling the grinding speed to be 700-900r/min, grinding for 40-70min, and discharging the mixture after grinding to obtain grinding slurry;
the mass ratio of the zeolite, the nano titanium dioxide, the diatomite and the deionized water is 45-55:0.8-1.2:13-17: 100-140;
the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the zeolite is 45-55: 80;
the mixing and drying method comprises the steps of mixing the grinding slurry with the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the temperature to be 70-80 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 900-;
the mass ratio of the grinding slurry to the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution is 2: 2.5-3.5;
mixing alginic acid with deionized water, adding the mixture particles, controlling the stirring speed at 1300-;
the mass ratio of the alginic acid to the deionized water is 1: 9-11;
the mass ratio of the mixture particles to the alginic acid is 4: 4.5-5.5;
mixing urea and potassium chloride, putting the mixture into a melting tank, adjusting the temperature to be 118-;
the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium chloride to the loaded alginic acid particles is 80-90:13-17: 8-12;
the total nitrogen content of the urea is 45.5-46.5 wt%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the fertilization method can effectively reduce the urea loss in the soil, and tests show that the nitrogen content of the soil before the first fertilization is 1.52g/kg, the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 0-15cm is 2.84-3.17g/kg, the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 15-30cm is 3.48-3.66g/kg, the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 30-50cm is 3.25-3.51g/kg, the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 50-70cm is 2.20-2.43g/kg, and the nitrogen content of the soil with the thickness of 70-100cm is 1.64-1.67 g/kg;
the fertilizing method can improve the crop yield, the fertilizing method is applied to wheat planting, the yield per mu of wheat is 539.3-558.2 kg, the ear number per mu of the wheat is 39.5-40.8 ten thousand, the grain number per ear of the wheat is 37-39, and the thousand-grain weight of the wheat is 46.2-47.1 g;
the fertilizing method can improve the total nitrogen content of crops, and the fertilizing method is applied to wheat planting, wherein the total nitrogen content of wheat grains is 2.347-2.360%, and the total nitrogen content of straws is 0.533-0.550%.
Detailed Description
Example 1
(1) Base fertilizer application
Selecting crops: jimai 22
a. One-time fertilization of mixed fertilizer
Applying a mixed fertilizer A to farmland by adopting a broadcast application method 10 days before wheat seeding, wherein the dosage of the mixed fertilizer A is 20 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5 parts of alginic acid value-increased urea, 3 parts of potash fertilizer and 5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 18 wt%;
b. secondary fertilization of mixed fertilizer
2 days before wheat seeding, applying a mixed fertilizer B to farmland by adopting a fertilizing apparatus, wherein the fertilizing depth is 30cm, and the using amount of the mixed fertilizer B is 5 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4 parts of alginic acid value-increased urea, 2 parts of potash fertilizer and 3 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 18 wt%;
(2) top dressing for turning green
When the growth part of the core leaves of the wheat seedlings in the green turning period of the wheat in the next year reaches 1.8cm, performing additional fertilization by using a fertilization instrument, wherein the depth of the additional fertilization is 13cm, the using amount of the additional fertilization is 20 kg/mu, and after the additional fertilization, watering at a proper amount, wherein the watering amount is 150 kg/mu;
the additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5 parts of alginic acid value-increased urea, 2 parts of potash fertilizer and 5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 18 wt%;
the preparation method of the alginic acid value-added urea comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of acid anhydride-treated Chitosan oligosaccharide solution
Mixing chitosan oligosaccharide and deionized water, stirring until the chitosan oligosaccharide is completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide solution, dropwise adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the pH to 8.2, then dropwise adding acetic anhydride into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, dropwise adding 0.5mol/L sodium hydroxide solution while maintaining the pH to 8.2, controlling the stirring speed to be 450r/min after dropwise adding is finished, stirring for 180min, adjusting the pH to be 7.2 by using 0.5mol/L hydrochloric acid after stirring, dialyzing for 24h in distilled water, freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide, and mixing the anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water to obtain an anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1: 15;
the mass ratio of the acetic anhydride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 10: 7;
the molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2500 Da;
the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag for dialysis is 2000 Da;
b. grinding of powder
Mixing zeolite, nano titanium dioxide, diatomite and deionized water, putting into a ball mill, adding ceramic grinding balls, controlling the grinding speed to be 800r/min, grinding for 50min, and discharging after grinding to obtain grinding slurry;
the mass ratio of the zeolite to the nano titanium dioxide to the diatomite to the deionized water is 50:1:15: 120;
the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the zeolite is 50: 80;
c. mixing and drying
Mixing the grinding slurry with the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the temperature to 75 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to 950r/min, stirring for 90min, filtering and drying after stirring to obtain mixture particles;
the mass ratio of the grinding slurry to the anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution is 2: 3;
d. loaded alginic acid
Mixing alginic acid and deionized water, adding the mixture particles, controlling the stirring speed to be 1500r/min, stirring for 60min, feeding the mixture into a flash evaporation dryer after stirring, controlling the hot air temperature to be 150 ℃, drying the mixture until the water content is 5wt%, and obtaining load alginic acid particles;
the mass ratio of the alginic acid to the deionized water is 1: 10;
the mass ratio of the mixture particles to the alginic acid is 4: 5;
e. mixing and granulating
Mixing urea and potassium chloride, putting into a melting tank, adjusting the temperature to 120 ℃ to melt the urea, adding the loaded alginic acid particles into the melting tank, controlling the stirring speed to be 300r/min, stirring for 30min, spraying out, granulating and cooling to obtain alginic acid value-added urea;
the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium chloride to the loaded alginic acid particles is 85:15: 10;
the total nitrogen content of the urea is 46 wt%.
Example 2
(1) Base fertilizer application
Selecting crops: jimai 22
a. One-time fertilization of mixed fertilizer
Applying a mixed fertilizer A to farmland by adopting a broadcast application method 9 days before wheat seeding, wherein the dosage of the mixed fertilizer A is 18 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5 parts of alginic acid value-increasing urea, 2.5 parts of potash fertilizer and 4.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 51 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 17.5 wt%;
b. secondary fertilization of mixed fertilizer
1 day before wheat seeding, applying a mixed fertilizer B to farmland by using a fertilizing apparatus, wherein the fertilizing depth is 25cm, and the using amount of the mixed fertilizer B is 4 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3.5 parts of alginic acid value-increasing urea, 1.8 parts of potash fertilizer and 2.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 51 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 17.5 wt%;
(2) top dressing for turning green
When the growth part of the core leaves of the wheat seedlings in the green turning period of the wheat in the next year reaches 1.7cm, topdressing is carried out by using a fertilizer applicator, the depth of the topdressing is 12cm, the using amount of the topdressing is 22 kg/mu, and after topdressing, proper watering is carried out, wherein the watering amount is 130 kg/mu;
the additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5 parts of alginic acid value-increasing urea, 1.8 parts of potash fertilizer and 4.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 51 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content was 17.5 wt%;
the preparation method of the alginic acid value-added urea comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of acid anhydride-treated Chitosan oligosaccharide solution
Mixing chitosan oligosaccharide and deionized water, stirring until the chitosan oligosaccharide is completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the pH to 8.1, then dropwise adding acetic anhydride into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, dropwise adding 0.4mol/L sodium hydroxide solution while maintaining the pH at 8.1, controlling the stirring speed to be 400r/min after dropwise adding is finished, stirring for 200min, adjusting the pH to be 7.1 by using 0.4mol/L hydrochloric acid after stirring, dialyzing for 22h in distilled water, freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide, and mixing the anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water to obtain an anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1: 14;
the mass ratio of the acetic anhydride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 9: 7;
the molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2300 Da;
the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag for dialysis is 1800 Da;
b. grinding of powder
Mixing zeolite, nano titanium dioxide, diatomite and deionized water, putting into a ball mill, adding ceramic grinding balls, controlling the grinding speed to be 700r/min, grinding for 70min, and discharging after grinding to obtain grinding slurry;
the mass ratio of the zeolite to the nano titanium dioxide to the diatomite to the deionized water is 45:0.8:13: 100;
the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the zeolite is 45: 80;
c. mixing and drying
Mixing the grinding slurry with the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the temperature to 70 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 900r/min, stirring for 110min, filtering and drying after stirring to obtain mixture particles;
the mass ratio of the grinding slurry to the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution is 2: 2.5;
d. loaded alginic acid
Mixing alginic acid and deionized water, adding the mixture particles, controlling the stirring speed to be 1300r/min, stirring for 100min, feeding the mixture into a flash evaporation dryer after stirring, controlling the hot air temperature to be 140 ℃, drying the mixture until the water content is 4.5wt%, and obtaining loaded alginic acid particles;
the mass ratio of the alginic acid to the deionized water is 1: 9;
the mass ratio of the mixture particles to the alginic acid is 4: 4.5;
e. mixing and granulating
Mixing urea and potassium chloride, putting the mixture into a melting tank, adjusting the temperature to 118 ℃ to melt the urea, adding the loaded alginic acid particles into the melting tank, controlling the stirring speed to be 250r/min, stirring for 40min, spraying out the mixture after stirring, granulating and cooling to obtain alginic acid value-added urea;
the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium chloride to the loaded alginic acid particles is 80:13: 8;
the total nitrogen content of the urea is 45.5 wt%.
Example 3
(1) Base fertilizer application
Selecting crops: jimai 22
a. One-time fertilization of mixed fertilizer
Applying a mixed fertilizer A to farmland by adopting a broadcast application method 11 days before wheat seeding, wherein the dosage of the mixed fertilizer A is 22 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5.5 parts of alginic acid value-increasing urea, 3.5 parts of potash fertilizer and 5.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52.5 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 18.5 wt%;
c. secondary fertilization of mixed fertilizer
Applying a mixed fertilizer B to farmland by adopting a fertilizing apparatus 3 days before wheat seeding, wherein the fertilizing depth is 35cm, and the using amount of the mixed fertilizer B is 6 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5 parts of alginic acid value-increasing urea, 2.2 parts of potash fertilizer and 3.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52.5 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 18.5 wt%;
(2) top dressing for turning green
When the growth part of the core leaves of the wheat seedlings in the green turning period of the wheat in the next year reaches 1.9cm, topdressing is carried out by using a fertilizer applicator, the depth of the topdressing is 14cm, the using amount of the topdressing is 18 kg/mu, and after topdressing, proper watering is carried out, wherein the watering amount is 160 kg/mu;
the additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 5.5 parts of alginic acid value-increasing urea, 2.2 parts of potash fertilizer and 5.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
k of the potash fertilizer 2 The O content was 52.5 wt%;
p of the phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 18.5 wt%;
the preparation method of the alginic acid value-added urea comprises the following steps:
a. preparation of acid anhydride-treated Chitosan oligosaccharide solution
Mixing chitosan oligosaccharide and deionized water, stirring until the chitosan oligosaccharide is completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide solution, dropwise adding 0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the pH to 8.3, then dropwise adding acetic anhydride into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, dropwise adding 0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution at the same time to maintain the pH at 8.3, controlling the stirring speed to be 500r/min after the dropwise adding is finished, stirring for 150min, adjusting the pH to be 7.3 by using 0.6mol/L hydrochloric acid after the stirring, dialyzing for 25h in distilled water, freeze-drying after the dialysis to obtain anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide, and mixing the anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water to obtain an anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1: 16;
the mass ratio of the acetic anhydride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 11: 7;
the molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2700 Da;
the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag for dialysis is 2100 Da;
b. grinding of powder
Mixing zeolite, nano titanium dioxide, diatomite and deionized water, putting into a ball mill, adding ceramic grinding balls, controlling the grinding speed to be 900r/min, grinding for 40min, and discharging after grinding to obtain grinding slurry;
the mass ratio of the zeolite to the nano titanium dioxide to the diatomite to the deionized water is 55:1.2:17: 140;
the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the zeolite is 55: 80;
c. mixing and drying
Mixing the grinding slurry with the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the temperature to 80 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 1000r/min, stirring for 80min, filtering and drying after stirring to obtain mixture particles;
the mass ratio of the grinding slurry to the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution is 2: 3.5;
d. loaded alginic acid
Mixing alginic acid and deionized water, adding the mixture particles, controlling the stirring speed to be 1800r/min, stirring for 50min, sending the mixture into a flash evaporation dryer after stirring, controlling the hot air temperature to be 160 ℃, drying the mixture until the water content is 5.5wt% to obtain load alginic acid particles;
the mass ratio of the alginic acid to the deionized water is 1: 11;
the mass ratio of the mixture particles to the alginic acid is 4: 5.5;
e. mixing and granulating
Mixing urea and potassium chloride, putting the mixture into a melting tank, adjusting the temperature to 123 ℃ to melt the urea, adding the loaded alginic acid particles into the melting tank, controlling the stirring speed to be 350r/min, stirring for 25min, spraying out the mixture after stirring, granulating and cooling to obtain alginic acid value-added urea;
the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium chloride to the loaded alginic acid particles is 90:17: 12;
the total nitrogen content of the urea is 46.5 wt%.
Comparative example 1
On the basis of the example 1, in the step of preparing the alginic acid value-added urea, the step of preparing the acid anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution is omitted, the untreated chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is used for replacing the acid anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution in the step of mixing and drying to prepare the alginic acid value-added urea, the fertilization steps are the same, and the fertilization is carried out;
comparative example 2
On the basis of the example 1, a mixing granulation step is omitted, the loaded alginic acid particles are coated on urea by a fluidized bed coating method, the other steps are the same, the alginic acid value-added urea is prepared, the fertilization step is the same, and fertilization is carried out;
the fluidized bed coating method comprises the steps of feeding urea particles into a fluidized bed coating machine, mixing the loaded alginic acid particles with deionized water to obtain loaded alginic acid particle coating slurry, spraying the loaded alginic acid particle coating slurry into the coating machine, and drying after coating until the water content is 4.2wt% to obtain alginic acid value-added urea;
the mass ratio of the loaded alginic acid particles to the deionized water is 1: 5;
the mass ratio of the urea to the loaded alginic acid particles is 85: 10;
the total nitrogen content of the urea is 46 wt%.
Example 4 testing for loss in urea-enhanced soil
The value-added fertilizer prepared in the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 is applied to wheat planting, the experimental wheat variety is Jimai 22, except for the fertilization method, normal watering and pest and disease damage management are carried out on the wheat, the nitrogen content in the soil with different depths is tested on the 7 th day after the first fertilization, the nitrogen content in the soil with different depths is respectively 0-15cm deep soil, 15-30cm deep soil, 30-50cm deep soil, 50-70cm deep soil and 70-100cm deep soil, the statistical result is shown in the table 1, and the nitrogen content in the tested soil before the first fertilization is 1.52 g/kg;
the value added fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3 had a uniform distribution of nitrogen in the soil layer of 0-50cm depth after the first fertilization, and had a high nitrogen content, a low leaching rate, and a low proportion of nitrogen leaching into the soil in the deep layer, and the value added fertilizers prepared in comparative examples 1-2 had a non-uniform distribution of nitrogen in the soil layer of 0-50cm depth after the first fertilization, and a low nitrogen content, wherein the nitrogen is mainly concentrated in the soil layer of 15-30cm depth, and the nitrogen content in the other depth is low, but the nitrogen content is high in the soil layer of 70-100cm depth, indicating that urea was leached into the soil in the deeper layer, resulting in insufficient utilization of the roots of the plants.
Example 5 fertilization method for wheat yield and quality testing
The fertilization methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are applied to wheat planting, the experimental wheat variety is Jimai 22, except for the fertilization method, normal watering and pest and disease damage management are carried out on the wheat, after harvesting, the wheat yield and various quality indexes are counted, and the results are shown in table 2.
Example 6 Effect of fertilization methods on Total Nitrogen content of wheat
The fertilization methods of the examples 1-3 and the comparative examples 1-2 are applied to wheat planting, the experimental wheat variety is Jimai 22, except for the fertilization method, normal watering and pest and disease damage management are carried out on the wheat, after harvesting, the total nitrogen content of grains and straws is respectively measured, and the results are shown in Table 3.
Claims (4)
1. A method for fertilizing a value-added fertilizer is characterized by comprising the steps of fertilizing a base fertilizer and performing green turning and topdressing;
the step of fertilizing the base fertilizer comprises the steps of primary fertilizing of the mixed fertilizer and secondary fertilizing of the mixed fertilizer;
the method for fertilizing the mixed fertilizer at one time comprises the steps of applying the mixed fertilizer A to cultivated land by adopting a broadcast application method 9-11 days before wheat seeding, wherein the dosage of the mixed fertilizer A is 18-22 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer A comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5-5.5 parts of alginic acid value-added urea, 2.5-3.5 parts of potash fertilizer and 4.5-5.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
the secondary fertilization method of the mixed fertilizer comprises the steps of applying the mixed fertilizer B to cultivated land 1-3 days before wheat seeding, wherein the fertilization depth is 25-35cm, and the dosage of the mixed fertilizer B is 4-6 kg/mu;
the mixed fertilizer B comprises the following components in parts by mass: 3.5-4.5 parts of alginic acid value-added urea, 1.8-2.2 parts of potash fertilizer and 2.5-3.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
the method for the green turning and top dressing comprises the steps of performing top dressing when the growing part of the heart leaves of the wheat seedlings reaches 1.7-1.9cm in the green turning period of the wheat in the next year, wherein the depth of the top dressing is 12-14cm, the using amount of the top dressing is 18-22 kg/mu, and after top dressing, watering is performed in a proper amount, and the watering amount is 130-160 kg/mu;
the additional fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 4.5-5.5 parts of alginic acid value-added urea, 1.8-2.2 parts of potash fertilizer and 4.5-5.5 parts of phosphate fertilizer;
the preparation method of the alginic acid value-added urea comprises the steps of preparing an anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution, grinding powder, mixing and drying, loading alginic acid, mixing and granulating:
the method for preparing the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution comprises the steps of mixing chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water, stirring until the chitosan oligosaccharide is completely dissolved to obtain a chitosan oligosaccharide solution, dropwise adding 0.4-0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the pH value to 8.1-8.3, then dripping acetic anhydride into the chitosan oligosaccharide solution, simultaneously using 0.4-0.6mol/L sodium hydroxide solution to maintain the pH value at 8.1-8.3, controlling the stirring speed at 500r/min after finishing dripping, stirring for 200min at the stirring time of 150-, dialyzing in distilled water for 22-25h, freeze-drying after dialysis to obtain anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide, and mixing the anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide with deionized water to obtain anhydride-treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution;
the mass ratio of the chitosan oligosaccharide to the deionized water is 1: 14-16;
the mass ratio of the acetic anhydride to the chitosan oligosaccharide is 9-11: 7;
mixing zeolite, nano titanium dioxide, diatomite and deionized water, putting the mixture into a ball mill, adding ceramic grinding balls, controlling the grinding speed to be 700-900r/min, grinding for 40-70min, and discharging the mixture after grinding to obtain grinding slurry;
the mass ratio of the zeolite, the nano titanium dioxide, the diatomite and the deionized water is 45-55:0.8-1.2:13-17: 100-140;
the mass ratio of the grinding balls to the zeolite is 45-55: 80;
the mixing and drying method comprises the steps of mixing the grinding slurry with the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution, adjusting the temperature to be 70-80 ℃, controlling the stirring speed to be 900-;
the mass ratio of the grinding slurry to the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution is 2: 2.5-3.5;
mixing alginic acid with deionized water, adding the mixture particles, controlling the stirring speed at 1300-1800r/min, stirring for 50-100min, and performing flash evaporation drying after stirring to obtain the loaded alginic acid particles;
the mass ratio of the alginic acid to the deionized water is 1: 9-11;
the mass ratio of the mixture particles to the alginic acid is 4: 4.5-5.5;
the mixing and granulating method comprises the steps of mixing urea and potassium chloride, putting the mixture into a melting tank, adjusting the temperature to be 118-123 ℃, melting the urea, adding loaded alginic acid particles into the melting tank, controlling the stirring speed to be 250-350r/min, stirring for 25-40min, spraying the mixture after stirring, granulating and cooling to obtain alginic acid value-added urea;
the mass ratio of the urea to the potassium chloride to the loaded alginic acid particles is 80-90:13-17: 8-12;
the total nitrogen content of the urea is 45.5-46.5 wt%.
2. The method for fertilizing a value added fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the steps of fertilizing the base fertilizer and returning green and topdressing, K of the potash fertilizer 2 The content of O is 51 to 52.5 weight percent, and P of phosphate fertilizer 2 O 5 The content is 17.5-18.5 wt%.
3. The method for fertilizing a value added fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step of preparing the acid anhydride treated chitosan oligosaccharide solution, the molecular weight of the chitosan oligosaccharide is 2300-2700Da, and the cut-off molecular weight of the dialysis bag for dialysis is 1800-2100 Da.
4. The method for fertilizing a value added fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein:
in the step of loading alginic acid, the flash evaporation drying method comprises the steps of controlling the temperature of hot air at 140-160 ℃ and drying until the water content is 4.5-5.5 wt%.
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