CN115043796A - 一种呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法 - Google Patents
一种呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明为一种呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2‑羟基己二酰胺的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:将呋喃二甲酰胺、溶剂、负载型金属催化剂加入到反应釜中,密闭后在0.1~8MPa氢气环境下,40~180℃搅拌反应0.1~10h,得到四氢呋喃二甲酰胺、2‑羟基己二酰胺;所述的负载型金属催化剂的组成为载体和活性金属;所述活性金属为Pt、Ru、Rh或Pd。所述载体为活性炭、二氧化硅、氧化锆、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化铈、水滑石或二氧化钛。本发明生产工艺简便、操作难度低,原料转化率接近100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2‑羟基己二酰胺选择性分别可达95%以上和70%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物质基高品位化学品合成技术领域,具体涉及一种呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法。
背景技术
随着社会发展,不可再生的石化资源日益减少,促使我们将寻找一种可持续资源代替石化资源,生物质作为可再生的碳资源,被认为是最具潜力的化石能源替代品之一。生物质原料可以通过化学方法转化为多种平台化合物,进而催化升级为高能量密度、高附加值的化学品。近年来,生物质催化加氢引起人们的广泛关注,选择性加氢和氢解是将生物质衍生的呋喃转化为高价值化学品的两种最有效和最有前景的策略。呋喃二甲酰胺作为生物质催化转化获得的一种重要平台化合物,基于呋喃二甲酰胺结构中活泼的碳碳双键,若采用催化加氢转化的方式,可进一步获得四氢呋喃二甲酰胺与2-羟基己二酰胺等高值产品。从碳水化合物中成功地制备了许多增值呋喃衍生物,例如呋喃类衍生物开环制备1,6-己二醇(Chemie-International Edition 2011,50(31),7083-7087),呋喃二甲酸开环制备己二酸(Chemical Communications 2019,55(55),8013-8016)等,这给呋喃二甲酰胺氢解开环制备己二酰胺提供借鉴。具有两个末端含氮官能团的脂肪族化合物,如己二胺和己二腈,是具有多种用途的重要化学品,特别是作为生产聚酰胺、尼龙66、异氰酸酯(HDI)等。虽然它们是从不可再生的化石资源中生产的,但最近人们越来越关注探索从生物质衍生原料中可持续合成这些重要化学品的替代路线。因此,从生物质平台化合物5-羟甲基糠醛为原料合成高附加价值工业化学品。呋喃二甲酰胺可由5-羟甲基糠醛获得,这已有报道(ACSSustainable Chemistry&Engineering 2018,6(6),8048-8054)。为制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺、2-羟基己二酰胺、己二酰胺提供了基础。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对当前技术中存在的不足,提供一种呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法。该方法采用呋喃二甲酰胺作原料,以负载型金属催化剂,以水为溶剂不引入其它杂元素,在氢气气氛中催化呋喃二甲酰胺加氢联产四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺。本发明生产工艺简便、操作难度低,原料转化率接近100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺选择性分别可达95%以上和70%以上。
本发明的技术方案为:
一种呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
将呋喃二甲酰胺、溶剂、负载型金属催化剂加入到反应釜中,密闭后在0.1~8MPa氢气环境下,40~180℃搅拌反应0.1~10h,得到四氢呋喃二甲酰胺、2-羟基己二酰胺;
呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为0.1~1mol/L,金属负载型催化剂与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为0.1~1:1。
所述溶剂为水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃或1,4-二氧六环。
所述的负载型金属催化剂的组成为载体和活性金属;活性金属的负载量为1%~20%。
所述活性金属为Pt、Ru、Rh或Pd。
所述载体为活性炭、二氧化硅、氧化锆、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化铈、水滑石或二氧化钛。
所述的搅拌的速率为500~1500rpm。
该方法还可以通过调控反应体系所需的反应条件和活性金属,实现呋喃二甲酰胺选择性加氢转化制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺;具体包括以下两种方式之一:
方式一:当活性金属为Pt或Ru时,随着反应温度升高、氢气压力降低,2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性逐渐升高;反应温度范围为150-180℃,氢气压力范围为0.3-0.7MPa;
或者,方式二:在活性金属为Pd或Rh时,随着反应温度降低、氢气压力升高,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺的选择性升高;反应温度范围为40-80℃,氢气压力范围为2-8MPa。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明通过采用负载型催化剂,通过调控反应体系所需的反应条件和活性金属中心,实现呋喃二甲酰胺选择性加氢转化制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺。在本发明反应体系下,原料转化率接近100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺选择性分别可达95%以上和70%以上。
总之,本发明方法技术方案可行、生产工艺简便、操作难度低,具有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例5中得到的2-羟基己二酰胺核磁H谱;
图2为实施例5中得到的2-羟基己二酰胺核磁C谱;
图3为实施例2中得到的四氢呋喃二甲酰胺核磁H谱;
图4为实施例2中得到的四氢呋喃二甲酰胺核磁C谱;
具体实施方式
以下实施例是对本发明的进一步说明,而不是对本发明的限制。
以下实施例中所用的金属负载型催化剂是通过如下方法制备得到的:
所使用的负载型金属催化剂为公知材料,可根据现有的方法进行制备,如采用等容浸渍法、初湿浸渍法、离子交换法、沉积-沉淀法或真空浸溃法等;本发明以下涉及的催化剂具体制备时(但并不局限于此),按照金属前驱体中金属的质量与载体的质量百分比计,在金属前驱体沉积之后将固体粉末置于至少110℃烘箱中干燥12小时左右,得到的负载型催化剂前驱体先在空气中在一定温度(如500℃)下煅烧3小时,再在还原气氛(如50%H2+50%N2)中在一定温度(如200℃)下还原一段2小时,得到负载型金属催化剂。
所使用催化剂的不同负载量可根据不同金属前驱体用量,其他保持一致。
所使用的金属前驱体为H2PtCl6·6H2O,RuCl3·3H2O,RhCl3·3H2O,PdCl2。
实施例1
将底物呋喃二甲酰胺、催化剂Pt/C、溶剂水15mL加入到50ml反应釜中,得到的反应液中呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为0.1mol/L,催化剂为Pt负载量10%(质量比)的Pt/C,Pt/C与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为1:1,密闭后充入氢气压力2MPa,搅拌速率500rpm,反应温度180℃,反应时间1h。反应后产物经0.22微米有机滤膜过滤,并通过2489高效液相色谱紫外/可见检测器Waters e2695分离模块对原料和产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,在上述反应条件下,呋喃二甲酰胺转化率为100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性分别为48.9%和40.6%。
实施例2
将底物呋喃二甲酰胺、催化剂Pd/C、溶剂异丙醇15mL加入到50ml反应釜中,得到的反应液中呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为1mol/L,密闭后充入氢气压力4MPa,搅拌速率1000rpm,催化剂为Pd负载量10%(质量比)的Pd/C,Pd/C与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为1:1,反应温度40℃,反应时间10h。反应后产物经0.22微米有机滤膜过滤,并通过2489高效液相色谱紫外/可见检测器Waters e2695分离模块对原料和产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,在上述反应条件下,呋喃二甲酰胺转化率为100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性分别为97.2%、0.33%。将溶剂蒸发,得到四氢呋喃二甲酰胺,通过附图3核磁H谱与附图4核磁C谱确定为目标产物四氢呋喃二甲酰胺。
实施例3
将底物呋喃二甲酰胺、催化剂Ru/C、溶剂水20mL加入到50ml反应釜中,得到的反应液中浓度为0.3mol/L,密闭后充入氢气压力2MPa,搅拌速率600rpm,催化剂为Ru负载量5%(质量比)的Ru/C,Ru/C与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为0.1:1,反应温度160℃,反应时间2h。反应后产物经0.22微米有机滤膜过滤,并通过2489高效液相色谱紫外/可见检测器Waterse2695分离模块对原料和产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,在上述反应条件下,呋喃二甲酰胺转化率为100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性分别为16.0%、66.1%。
实施例4
将底物呋喃二甲酰胺、催化剂Pt/ZrO2、异丙醇20mL加入到50ml反应釜中,得到的反应液中呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为0.3mol/L,密闭后充入氢气压力1MPa,搅拌速率800rpm,催化剂为Pt负载量5%(质量比)的Pt/ZrO2,Pt/ZrO2与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为0.1:1,反应温度150℃,反应时间2h。反应后产物经0.22微米有机滤膜过滤,并通过2489高效液相色谱紫外/可见检测器Waters e2695分离模块对原料和产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,在上述反应条件下,呋喃二甲酰胺转化率为100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性分别为33.6%、58.7%。
实施例5
将底物呋喃二甲酰胺、催化剂Pt/CeO2、水15mL加入到50ml反应釜中,得到的反应液中呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为0.5mol/L,密闭后充入氢气压力1MPa,搅拌速率500rpm,催化剂为Pt负载量5%(质量比)的Pt/CeO2,Pt/CeO2与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为0.7:1,反应温度160℃,反应时间0.5h。反应后产物经0.22微米有机滤膜过滤,并通过2489高效液相色谱紫外/可见检测器Waters e2695分离模块对原料和产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,在上述反应条件下,呋喃二甲酰胺转化率为100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性分别为18%、70.4%。通过重结晶得到2-羟基己二酰胺,通过附图1核磁H谱与附图2核磁C谱可以确定目标物质为2-羟基己二酰胺。
实施例6
将底物呋喃二甲酰胺、催化剂Pd/Al2O3、异丙醇20mL加入到50ml反应釜中,得到的反应液呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为0.5mol/L,密闭后充入氢气压力4MPa,搅拌速率600rpm,催化剂为Pd负载量5%(质量比)的Pd/Al2O3,Pd/Al2O3与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为0.8:1,反应温度60℃,反应时间10h。反应后产物经0.22微米有机滤膜过滤,并通过2489高效液相色谱紫外/可见检测器Waters e2695分离模块对原料和产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,在上述反应条件下,呋喃二甲酰胺转化率为100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性分别为96.7%、0.4%。
实施例7
将底物呋喃二甲酰胺、催化剂Rh/SiO2、异丙醇15mL加入到50ml反应釜中,得到的反应液呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为0.1mol/L,密闭后充入氢气压力4MPa,搅拌速率1000rpm,催化剂为Rh负载量4%(质量比)的Rh/SiO2,Rh/SiO2与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为0.6:1,反应温度150℃,反应时间2h。反应后产物经0.22微米有机滤膜过滤,并通过2489高效液相色谱紫外/可见检测器Waters e2695分离模块对原料和产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,在上述反应条件下,呋喃二甲酰胺转化率为100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性分别为82.9%、5.4%。
实施例8
将底物呋喃二甲酰胺、催化剂Rh/SiO2、异丙醇25mL加入到50ml反应釜中,得到的反应液呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为0.8mol/L,密闭后充入氢气压力4MPa,搅拌速率600rpm,催化剂为Pt负载量5%(质量比)的Pt/水滑石,Pt/水滑石与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为0.4:1,反应温度180℃,反应时间1h。反应后产物经0.22微米有机滤膜过滤,并通过2489高效液相色谱紫外/可见检测器Waters e2695分离模块对原料和产物进行定量分析。实验结果表明,在上述反应条件下,呋喃二甲酰胺转化率为100%,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性分别为53.3%、30.4%。
综上,可以看出呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺与2-羟基己二酰胺,在低温、高压下对四氢呋喃二甲酰胺更有利,在高温、低压下对2-羟基己二酰胺更有利,从金属中心上可以看出Rh与Pd对四氢呋喃二甲酰胺选择性更好,而Pt与Ru对2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性更好。
本发明未尽事宜为公知技术。
Claims (4)
1.一种呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法,其特征为该方法包括如下步骤:
将呋喃二甲酰胺、溶剂、负载型金属催化剂加入到反应釜中,密闭后在0.1~8MPa氢气环境下,40~180℃搅拌反应0.1~10h,得到四氢呋喃二甲酰胺、2-羟基己二酰胺;
呋喃二甲酰胺浓度为0.1~1mol/L,金属负载型催化剂与呋喃二甲酰胺的质量比为0.1~1:1;
所述的负载型金属催化剂的组成为载体和活性金属;活性金属的负载量为1%~20%;
所述活性金属为Pt、Ru、Rh或Pd;
所述载体为活性炭、二氧化硅、氧化锆、氧化镁、氧化铝、氧化铈、水滑石或二氧化钛。
2.如权利要求1所述的呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法,其特征为所述溶剂为水、甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、四氢呋喃或1,4-二氧六环。
3.如权利要求1所述的呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法,其特征为:该方法还可以通过调控反应体系所需的反应条件和活性金属,实现呋喃二甲酰胺选择性加氢转化制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺;具体包括以下两种方式之一:
方式一:当活性金属为Pt或Ru时,随着反应温度升高、氢气压力降低,2-羟基己二酰胺的选择性逐渐升高;反应温度范围为150-180℃,氢气压力范围为0.3-0.7MPa;
或者,方式二:
在活性金属为Pd或Rh时,随着反应温度降低、氢气压力升高,四氢呋喃二甲酰胺的选择性升高;反应温度范围为40-80℃,氢气压力范围为2-8MPa。
4.如权利要求1所述的呋喃二甲酰胺加氢制备四氢呋喃二甲酰胺和2-羟基己二酰胺的方法,其特征为所述的搅拌的速率为500~1500rpm。
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