CN115039662A - Culture substrate for alpine rhododendron and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Culture substrate for alpine rhododendron and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115039662A CN115039662A CN202210773261.1A CN202210773261A CN115039662A CN 115039662 A CN115039662 A CN 115039662A CN 202210773261 A CN202210773261 A CN 202210773261A CN 115039662 A CN115039662 A CN 115039662A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rhododendron culture substrates, in particular to a rhododendron culture substrate and a preparation method and application thereof. The culture medium comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20-30% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10-20% of fermented rapeseed cakes. According to the method, the waste mushroom sticks and the fermented rapeseed cakes are selected as raw materials, residual nutrient substances in the waste mushroom sticks and the fermented rapeseed cakes are fully utilized for growth of alpine rhododendrons, meanwhile, the water retention and ventilation characteristics of the culture substrate are realized by utilizing mushroom stick particles with different particle sizes, and the culture substrate is acidic on the whole and is more suitable for growth and development of alpine rhododendrons; compared with the traditional alpine rhododendron culture medium, the culture medium provided by the invention has the characteristics of improving the resource utilization efficiency, protecting the environment and improving the efficiency, and has higher nutrient and better water permeability compared with soil culture.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rhododendron culture substrates, in particular to a rhododendron culture substrate and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Alpine rhododendron is taken as the traditional ten famous flowers in China and is deeply favored by the flower market, the southwest area of China is the provenance center of alpine rhododendron, and is an important germplasm resource area in the development of alpine rhododendron industry all over the world, but the industrialized development of alpine rhododendron has a plurality of defects, the problem to be overcome is still more, aiming at the artificial culture substrate of alpine azalea, the substrate problem needs to be solved, and because alpine azalea has acid-loving soil and has higher requirements on air permeability and water retention, the invention aims at the growth characteristics of alpine azalea and combines with the actual market research to find that the existing mature market substrate is mostly prepared by peat soil, coconut husk and the like, vermiculite and perlite according to a certain proportion, although the method can meet the basic growth requirements of rhododendrons, peat soil, coconut coir and other resources are limited, the price is high, and the commercialization of alpine rhododendrons is not facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an environment-friendly rhododendron alpinum culture substrate and a preparation method and application thereof. The culture substrate provided by the invention is more suitable for growth of alpine rhododendrons, has low cost and is beneficial to commercialization of alpine rhododendrons.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a culture substrate for rhododendron lapponicum, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20-30% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10-20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
Preferably, the culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 30% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
Preferably, the culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
Preferably, the culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 25% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 15% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
Preferably, the culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the culture medium, which comprises the following steps:
crushing the waste mushroom sticks to obtain mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm and mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm;
mixing the rapeseed cake, water and yeast, and performing sealed fermentation for 30-45 days to obtain the fermented rapeseed cake; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cakes to the water to the yeast is 1: (0.8-1): (0.001 to 0.005); the viable count of the yeast is (2.5-6.5) multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL；
And mixing the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and the fermented rapeseed cakes according to a ratio to obtain the culture substrate.
Preferably, the mushroom sticks are also subjected to pretreatment before being crushed; the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: and (5) sterilizing the mushroom sticks.
Preferably, the method of sterilization treatment includes: and steaming the fungus sticks for 20-40 min and then airing.
The invention also provides application of the culture medium or the culture medium prepared by the method in cultivating rhododendron lapponicum.
Preferably, the alpine rhododendron includes one or more of Rhododendron delavayi, Rhododendron delavayi and Rhododendron delavayi.
Has the advantages that:
the invention provides an environment-friendly rhododendron cultivation substrate, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20-30% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10-20% of fermented rapeseed cakes. According to the method, the waste mushroom sticks and the fermented rapeseed cakes are selected as raw materials, residual nutrient substances in the waste mushroom sticks and the rapeseed cakes are fully utilized for growth of alpine rhododendrons, meanwhile, the water retention and ventilation properties of the culture substrate are realized by utilizing mushroom stick particles with different particle sizes, and the culture substrate is acidic on the whole and is more suitable for growth and development of alpine rhododendrons; compared with the traditional alpine rhododendron culture medium, the culture medium provided by the invention has the characteristics of improving the resource utilization efficiency, protecting the environment and improving the efficiency, and has higher nutrient and better water permeability compared with soil culture.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an environment-friendly rhododendron cultivation substrate, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20-30% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10-20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The culture medium comprises mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm; the use amount of the fungus stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm is 50-70 wt.%, preferably 50, 60 or 70 wt.%. In the invention, the fungus stick particles of 5-10 mm are preferably fungus stick particles which can pass through a sieve of 10mm but cannot pass through a sieve of 5 mm.
The culture medium comprises mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm; the use amount of the fungus stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm is 20-30 wt.%, preferably 20, 25 or 30 wt.%. In the invention, the 20-30 mm fungus stick particles are preferably fungus stick particles which can pass through a 30mm screen but cannot pass through a 20mm screen. The mushroom stick particles preferably comprise mushroom stick particles prepared by using waste mushroom sticks, and more preferably mushroom stick particles prepared by using waste mushroom sticks after mushroom production.
According to the invention, the fungus stick particles with proper particle sizes are compounded in a proper proportion, so that different porosities of soil can be simulated, effective combination of water retention and drainage is realized, and the water content of the substrate is ensured to be in the optimal range of alpine rhododendron.
The culture substrate comprises 10 wt.% to 20 wt.%, preferably 10 wt.%, 15 wt.% or 20 wt.% of fermented rapeseed cakes. The fermented rapeseed cake is acidic and has sufficient available nutrients, and by compounding the fermented rapeseed cake and the bacteria stick particles, the problem of insufficient available nutrients of the bacteria stick can be solved, and a proper growth environment can be provided for alpine rhododendron, so that the growth and development of the alpine rhododendron are promoted.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the culture medium, which comprises the following steps:
crushing the waste mushroom sticks to obtain mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm and mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm;
mixing the rapeseed cake, water and yeast, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 30-45 d to obtain the fermented rapeseed cake; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cakes to the water to the yeast is 1: (0.8-1): (0.001 to 0.005); the viable count of the yeast is (2.5-6.5) multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL；
And mixing the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and the fermented rapeseed cakes according to a ratio to obtain the culture substrate.
The method comprises the step of crushing waste mushroom sticks to obtain mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm and mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm. In the invention, the mushroom stick preferably further comprises pretreatment before crushing; the method of pretreatment preferably comprises: sterilizing the fungus sticks; the method of sterilization treatment preferably includes: and steaming the fungus sticks for 20-40 min and then airing, and more preferably steaming the fungus sticks for 30min and then airing. The invention can kill pathogenic bacteria in the bacteria stick through sterilization treatment, thereby avoiding the influence of the pathogenic bacteria on the growth of rhododendron lapponicum.
According to the invention, the rapeseed cake, water and yeast are mixed, and sealed fermentation is carried out for 30-45 days, so as to obtain the fermented rapeseed cake.
In the invention, the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake to water to yeast is 1: (0.8-1): (0.001 to 0.005), preferably 1: 0.8: 0.001 or 1: 1: 0.005; the viable count of the yeast is (2.5-6.5) multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL, preferably (2.9-4.1). times.10 4 CFU/mL; the time of the sealed fermentation is 30-45 d, preferably 30d or 45 d.
According to the invention, through proper fermentation conditions, the pH value of the prepared fermented rapeseed cake conforms to the characteristic of the optimal growth environment of the alpine rhododendron, and a proper growth environment can be provided for the alpine rhododendron, so that the growth and development of the alpine rhododendron are promoted.
The invention also provides application of the culture medium or the culture medium prepared by the method in cultivating rhododendron lapponicum.
In the invention, the alpine rhododendron comprises one or more of Rhododendron delavayi, Rhododendron delavayi and Rhododendron delavayi.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following examples are provided to describe the environment-friendly rhododendron cultivation substrate, its preparation method and application in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
An environment-friendly rhododendron alpinum culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 30% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
steaming and boiling the waste mushroom sticks (waste mushroom sticks produced by mushrooms) for 30min by using water vapor, airing, and crushing the waste mushroom sticks into fine particles with the particle sizes of 5-10 mm and 20-30 mm by using a crusher for later use;
adding tap water and yeast into oil-pressed rapeseed cakeBacteria (viable count is 2.9 × 10) 4 CFU/mL) is uniformly stirred and then is put into a plastic bag for sealed fermentation for 30d, wherein the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake to tap water to yeast is 1: 0.8: 0.001, and keeping the mixture for later use after fermentation is finished;
and mixing the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and the fermented rapeseed cakes according to the proportion to obtain the culture substrate.
Example 2
The environment-friendly rhododendron lapponicum culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 25% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 15% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
steaming and boiling the waste mushroom sticks (waste mushroom sticks produced by mushrooms) for 30min by using water vapor, airing, and crushing the waste mushroom sticks into fine particles with the particle sizes of 5-10 mm and 20-30 mm by using a crusher for later use;
adding tap water and yeast (viable count of 2.9 × 10) into oil-squeezed rapeseed cake 4 CFU/mL) is uniformly stirred and then is put into a plastic bag for sealed fermentation for 30d, wherein the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake to tap water to yeast is 1: 0.8: 0.001, and keeping the mixture for later use after fermentation is finished;
and mixing the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and the fermented rapeseed cakes according to the proportion to obtain the culture substrate.
Example 3
The environment-friendly rhododendron lapponicum culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
steaming and boiling the waste mushroom sticks (waste mushroom sticks produced by mushrooms) for 30min by using water vapor, airing, and crushing the waste mushroom sticks into fine particles with the particle sizes of 5-10 mm and 20-30 mm by using a crusher for later use;
adding tap water and yeast (viable count of 3.8 × 10) into oil-squeezed rapeseed cake 4 CFU/mL) is uniformly stirred and then is put into a plastic bag for sealed fermentation for 30d, wherein the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake to tap water to yeast is 1: 0.8: 0.001, and keeping the mixture for later use after fermentation is finished;
and mixing the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and the fermented rapeseed cakes according to the proportion to obtain the culture substrate.
Example 4
The environment-friendly rhododendron lapponicum culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
steaming and boiling the waste mushroom sticks (waste mushroom sticks produced by mushrooms) for 30min by using water vapor, airing, and crushing the waste mushroom sticks into fine particles with the particle sizes of 5-10 mm and 20-30 mm by using a crusher for later use;
adding tap water and yeast (viable count of 3.6 × 10) into oil-squeezed rapeseed cake 4 CFU/mL) is uniformly stirred and then is put into a plastic bag for sealed fermentation for 30d, wherein the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake to tap water to yeast is 1: 0.8: 0.001, and keeping the mixture for later use after fermentation is finished;
and mixing the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and the fermented rapeseed cakes according to the proportion to obtain the culture substrate.
Example 5
The environment-friendly rhododendron lapponicum culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The preparation method of the culture medium comprises the following steps:
steaming and boiling the waste mushroom sticks (waste mushroom sticks produced by mushrooms) for 30min by using water vapor, airing, and crushing the waste mushroom sticks into fine particles with the particle sizes of 5-10 mm and 20-30 mm by using a crusher for later use;
adding tap water and yeast (viable count of 4.1 × 10) into oil-squeezed rapeseed cake 4 CFU/mL) is uniformly stirred and then is put into a plastic bag to be sealed and fermented for 45d, wherein the mass ratio of the rapeseed cake to tap water to yeast is 1: 1: 0.005, the fermented product is ready for use;
and mixing the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and the fermented rapeseed cakes according to the proportion to obtain the culture substrate.
Comparative example 1
An environment-friendly rhododendron alpinum culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 90% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 5% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 5% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The preparation method of the culture medium is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 2
An environment-friendly rhododendron alpinum culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 40% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 50% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The preparation method of the culture medium is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 3
An environment-friendly rhododendron alpinum culture substrate comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 10% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 40% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
The preparation method of the culture medium is the same as that of the example 1.
Comparative example 4
A culture medium similar to that of example 4, except that the number of days of sealed fermentation was 25 days.
Comparative example 5
A culture medium similar to that of example 4, except that the number of days of sealed fermentation was 50 days.
Comparative example 6
A culture medium similar to that of example 4, except that the number of days of sealed fermentation was 40d, the mass ratio of rapeseed cake, tap water and yeast was 1: 1: 0.006.
comparative example 7
A culture medium similar to that of example 4, except that the number of days of sealed fermentation was 40d, the mass ratio of rapeseed cake, tap water and yeast was 1: 0.7: 0.005.
comparative example 8
A culture medium similar to that of example 4, except that the number of days of sealed fermentation was 40d, the mass ratio of rapeseed cake, tap water and yeast was 1: 1: 0.009.
comparative example 9
A culture medium similar to that of example 4, except that 5-10 mm mushroom stick particles are replaced with 3-4 mm mushroom stick particles.
Comparative example 10
A culture medium similar to that of example 4, except that 20-30 mm mushroom stick particles are replaced with 32-40 mm mushroom stick particles.
Application example 1
Comparison of matrix Properties
The biological diversity of southwest karst mountain land of Guiyang City of Guiyang province is utilized to protect national forestry and grassland bureau key laboratory equipment to carry out the property comparison between different matrixes, the experiment sets up six processing groups, and different matrixes are respectively:
treatment group one used the culture medium prepared in example 1;
the second treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the example 2;
the culture substrate prepared in example 3 is adopted in the treatment group III;
and the fourth treatment group adopts a commercial peat soil matrix, and the mass ratio of peat soil to vermiculite is 3: 1;
and the fifth treatment group adopts a commercially available coconut husk substrate, and the mass ratio of coconut husk to vermiculite is 3: 1;
and the treatment group six adopts humus soil sold in the market.
Weighing the same weight of the substrate in each treatment group, respectively measuring the water content (the measuring method refers to a gravimetric method for measuring dry matter and water of HJ613-2011 soil), the organic matter (NYT1121.6-2006 soil detection part 6: the measurement of soil organic matter), the total nitrogen (the Kjeldahl method for measuring the total nitrogen of the HJ717-2014 soil quality), the total phosphorus (the alkali fusion-molybdenum antimony spectrophotometry method for measuring the total phosphorus of the HJ632-2011 soil), the total potassium (the GB 9836 + 1988 soil total potassium measuring method), the inorganic nitrogen (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium of the NYT1849 + 2010 acid soil), the available phosphorus (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium of the NYT1849 + 2010 acid soil) and the available potassium (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium), each group was repeated five times. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of different matrix chemistries
Note: lower case letters indicate significance of difference between groups of the same index at the 0.05 level (the same table below).
As can be seen from Table 1, the pH value of the prepared mechanism by the method is obviously lower than that of the substrate sold on the market, the prepared mechanism is more in line with the characteristic that alpine rhododendron likes the acidic environment, the difference on total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not obvious, but the prepared mechanism is higher and more obvious in difference on inorganic nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium compared with the substrate sold on the market, and the prepared mechanism is more beneficial to the rapid absorption of plants.
Application example 2
Rhododendron delavayi Franch planting test
In a key laboratory nursery garden of the southwest karst mountain land biodiversity protection national forestry and grassland bureau of southwest university in Guiyang city, Guizhou province, a Rhododendron delavayi tissue culture seedling and a seed seedling are selected as experimental materials, three experimental groups are set, and each group of variables is a culture substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the example 2;
and the second treatment group adopts a commercial peat soil matrix, and the mass ratio of peat soil to vermiculite is 3: 1;
and a third treatment group adopts a commercially available coconut husk substrate, and the mass ratio of coconut husk to vermiculite is 3: 1.
weighing the same weight of each group of substrates, putting the substrates into a flowerpot with the diameter of 20cm for later use, selecting 90 seedlings of 1-year-old Rhododendron delavayi Franch and 90 seedlings of the seeds which grow consistently, cultivating 1 seedling in each pot, cultivating 30 seedlings of the tissue culture seedlings and the seeds in each treatment group respectively, and managing and protecting the seedlings consistently after cultivation. After transplanting, the survival rate (%) of seedlings, the plant height (cm) and the leaf area (cm) of the seedlings were counted on the 40 th day 2 ) Total root length (cm), dry matter content (g), chlorophyll SPAD values, the results are shown in tables 2 and 3.
TABLE 2 growth experiment of Rhododendron delavayi tissue culture seedlings
TABLE 3 growth experiment of Rhododendron delavayi seedling
As can be seen from tables 2 and 3, compared with the commercially available substrate, the substrate prepared by the scheme is significantly superior to the commercially available substrate in the indexes of the tissue culture seedling and the seed seedling of the Rhododendron delavayi Franch, and is more suitable for the growth of the Rhododendron delavayi Franch.
Application example 3
Charming rhododendron planting experiment
In the key laboratory nursery garden of the southwest karst mountain region biodiversity protection national forestry and grassland bureau of Guizhou, Guiyang city, Guizhou province, an charming rhododendron tissue culture seedling and a seed seedling are selected as experimental materials, three experimental groups are set, and each group of variables is a culture substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the example 2;
and the second treatment group adopts a commercial peat soil matrix, and the mass ratio of peat soil to vermiculite is 3: 1;
and a third treatment group adopts a commercially available coconut husk substrate, and the mass ratio of coconut husk to vermiculite is 3: 1.
weighing the same weight of each group of substrates, putting the substrates into a flowerpot with the diameter of 20cm for later use, selecting 90 tissue culture seedlings and 90 seed seedlings of 1-year-old chariotomia rhododendron with consistent growth, cultivating 1 seedling in each pot, respectively cultivating 30 tissue culture seedlings and 30 seed seedlings in each treatment group, and keeping the same management and protection conditions after cultivation. After transplanting, the survival rate (%) of seedlings, the plant height (cm) and the leaf area (cm) of the seedlings were counted on the 40 th day 2 ) Total root length (cm), dry matter content (g), chlorophyll SPAD values, the results are shown in tables 4 and 5.
TABLE 4 growth experiment of tissue culture seedlings of Azalea
TABLE 5 growth experiment of seed seedlings of Azalea
As can be seen from tables 4 and 5, compared with the commercially available substrate, the substrate prepared by the scheme is significantly superior to the commercially available substrate in the indexes of the tissue culture seedling and the seed seedling of the rhododendron roseum and is more suitable for growth of the rhododendron roseum.
Application example 4
Rhododendron delavayi Franch planting experiment
In the key laboratory nursery garden of the southwest karst mountain region biodiversity protection national forestry and grassland bureau of Guizhou, Guiyang city, Guizhou province, a rhododendron delavayi tissue culture seedling and a seed seedling are selected as experimental materials, three experimental groups are set, and each group of variables is a culture substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the example 2;
and the second treatment group adopts a commercial peat soil matrix, and the mass ratio of peat soil to vermiculite is 3: 1;
and a third treatment group adopts a commercially available coconut husk substrate, and the mass ratio of coconut husk to vermiculite is 3: 1.
weighing the same weight of each group of substrates, putting the substrates into a flowerpot with the diameter of 20cm for later use, selecting 90 tissue culture seedlings and 90 seed seedlings of 1-year-old nine-Dragon mountain rhododendron which grow consistently, cultivating 1 seedling in each pot, and cultivating 30 tissue culture seedlings and 30 seed seedlings in each treatment group respectively, wherein the management and protection conditions are consistent after cultivation. After transplanting, the survival rate (%) of seedlings, the plant height (cm) and the leaf area (cm) of the seedlings were counted on the 40 th day 2 ) Total root length (cm), dry matter content (g), chlorophyll SPAD values, the results are shown in tables 6 and 7.
TABLE 6 growth experiment of Rhododendron pulchrum tissue culture seedling
TABLE 7 growth experiment of seed seedlings of Rhododendron pulchrum
As can be seen from tables 6 and 7, compared with the substrate sold in the market, the substrate prepared by the scheme is significantly superior to the substrate sold in the market in the indexes of the tissue culture seedling and the seed seedling of the rhododendron nonalongshan (tables 6 and 7), and is more suitable for the growth of the rhododendron nonalongshan.
Application example 5
Rhododendron simsii planting experiment
In the key laboratory nursery garden of the southwest karst mountain region biodiversity protection national forestry and grassland bureau of Guizhou, Guiyang city, Guizhou province, rhododendron delavayi tissue culture seedling and seed seedling are selected as experimental materials, three experimental groups are set, and each group of variables is a culture substrate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the example 2;
and the second treatment group adopts a commercial peat soil matrix, and the mass ratio of peat soil to vermiculite is 3: 1;
and the third treatment group adopts a commercially available coconut husk substrate, and the mass ratio of coconut husk to vermiculite is 3: 1.
weighing the same weight of each group of substrates, putting the substrates into a flowerpot with the diameter of 20cm for later use, selecting 90 tissue culture seedlings and 90 seed seedlings of 1-year-old rhododendron delavayi with consistent growth, cultivating 1 seedling in each pot, respectively cultivating 30 tissue culture seedlings and 30 seed seedlings in each treatment group, and keeping the same management and protection conditions after cultivation. After transplanting, the survival rate (%) of seedlings, the plant height (cm) and the leaf area (cm) of the seedlings were counted on the 40 th day 2 ) Total root length (cm), dry matter content (g), chlorophyll SPAD values, the results are shown in tables 8 and 9.
TABLE 8 Rhododendron simsii tissue culture seedling growth experiment
TABLE 9 Rhododendron delavayi seedling growth experiment
As can be seen from tables 8 and 9, compared with the substrate sold in the market, the substrate prepared by the scheme is remarkably superior to the substrate sold in the market in the indexes of the tissue culture seedling and the seed seedling of the rhododendron giganteum, and is more suitable for the growth of the rhododendron giganteum.
Comparative application example 1
The biological diversity of southwest karst mountain land of Guiyang City of Guiyang province is utilized to protect national forestry and grassland bureau key laboratory equipment to carry out the property comparison between different matrixes, the experiment sets up four processing groups, and different matrixes are respectively:
treatment group one used the culture medium prepared in example 4;
the second treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 1;
the third treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 2;
the fourth treatment group used the culture medium prepared in comparative example 3.
Weighing the same weight of the substrate in each treatment group, respectively measuring the water content (the measuring method refers to a gravimetric method for measuring dry matter and water of HJ613-2011 soil), the organic matter (NYT1121.6-2006 soil detection part 6: the measurement of soil organic matter), the total nitrogen (the Kjeldahl method for measuring the total nitrogen of the HJ717-2014 soil quality), the total phosphorus (the alkali fusion-molybdenum antimony spectrophotometry method for measuring the total phosphorus of the HJ632-2011 soil), the total potassium (the GB 9836 + 1988 soil total potassium measuring method), the inorganic nitrogen (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium of the NYT1849 + 2010 acid soil), the available phosphorus (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium of the NYT1849 + 2010 acid soil) and the available potassium (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium), each group was repeated five times. The results are shown in Table 10.
TABLE 10 comparison of soil matrix chemistry
| Processing set one | Treatment group two | Treatment group three | Treatment group four | |
| pH value | 4.9a | 5.4a | 5.1a | 3.9b |
| Water content (%) | 74.6bc | 88.4a | 67.8c | 82.1b |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 14.3b | 8.4a | 10.2a | 19.3a |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 11.1b | 4.3d | 7.2c | 19.4a |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 7.3b | 2.8d | 4.6c | 15.2a |
| Total potassium (g/kg) | 22.1b | 9.4d | 14.6c | 28.8a |
| Inorganic nitrogen (g/kg) | 4.2b | 1.2c | 2.1c | 5.7a |
| Quick-acting phosphorus (g/kg) | 3.1b | 0.9c | 1.1c | 5.5a |
| Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | 91.8b | 46.4d | 78.1c | 182.1a |
As can be seen from Table 10, the results show that the pH value of the substrate in the range of the preparation proportion by the method is obviously superior to that of other proportion formulas, the substrate is more in line with the characteristics of the optimal growth environment of rhododendron lapponicum, and the total nitrogen phosphorus potassium, inorganic nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium are higher along with the increase of rapeseed cakes in the formulas.
Comparative application example 2
The biological diversity of southwest karst mountain land of Guiyang City of Guiyang province is utilized to protect national forestry and grassland bureau key laboratory equipment to carry out the property comparison between different matrixes, the experiment sets up four processing groups, and different matrixes are respectively:
treatment group one used the culture medium prepared in example 4;
the second treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 1;
the third treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 2;
the fourth treatment group used the culture medium prepared in comparative example 3.
The same weight of each group of substrates is weighed and put into a flowerpot with the caliber of 20cm for standby. Selecting 120 seedlings of 1-year-old Rhododendron delavayi Franch, Rhododendron fasciatus, Rhododendron delavayi Franch and Rhododendron delavayi Franch with consistent growth, cultivating 1 seedling in each pot, and cultivating each kind of Rhododendron delavayi Franch in each treatment group30 rhododendron seedlings are cultivated and managed under the same condition. After transplanting, the survival rate (%) of seedlings, the plant height (cm) and the leaf area (cm) of the seedlings were counted on the 40 th day 2 ) The total root length (cm), the dry matter content (g) and the chlorophyll SPAD value, and the results are shown in tables 11-14.
TABLE 11 Effect of varying proportions of the substrate formulations on the growth of Rhododendron delavayi Franch
TABLE 12 Effect of varying substrate formula ratios on growth of azalea
TABLE 13 influence on Rhododendron nonagromaculatum growth after changing the substrate formula ratio
TABLE 14 Effect of varying substrate formula ratios on Rhododendron growth
From tables 11 to 14, compared with substrates sold in the market, the substrates prepared by the scheme are remarkably superior to substrates prepared by other proportions in the above indexes of four rhododendron tissue culture seedlings, although the nitrogen phosphorus potassium content is increased along with the increase of the rapeseed cake content on the chemical properties of the substrates, high-content inorganic nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium form over-nutrition on rhododendron seedlings instead and have adverse symptoms of seedling burning, and the substrates prepared by the scheme are not suitable for the growth of rhododendron.
Comparative application example 3
The biological diversity of southwest karst mountain land of Guiyang City of Guiyang province is utilized to protect national forestry and grassland bureau key laboratory equipment to carry out the property comparison between different matrixes, seven processing groups are set in the experiment, and the different matrixes are respectively:
treatment group one used the culture medium prepared in example 4;
the second treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the example 5;
the third treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 4;
the fourth treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 5;
the fifth treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 6;
the treatment group six adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 7;
treatment group seven used the culture medium prepared in comparative example 8.
Weighing the same weight of the substrate in each treatment group, respectively measuring the water content (the measuring method refers to a gravimetric method for measuring dry matter and water of HJ613-2011 soil), the organic matter (NYT1121.6-2006 soil detection part 6: the measurement of soil organic matter), the total nitrogen (the Kjeldahl method for measuring the total nitrogen of the HJ717-2014 soil quality), the total phosphorus (the alkali fusion-molybdenum antimony spectrophotometry method for measuring the total phosphorus of the HJ632-2011 soil), the total potassium (the GB 9836 + 1988 soil total potassium measuring method), the inorganic nitrogen (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium of the NYT1849 + 2010 acid soil), the available phosphorus (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium of the NYT1849 + 2010 acid soil) and the available potassium (the combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring the ammonium nitrogen, the available phosphorus and the available potassium), each group was repeated five times. The results are shown in Table 15.
TABLE 15 comparison of soil matrix chemistry
As can be seen from Table 15, the pH value of the substrate prepared by the method within the proportion range is obviously superior to that of other proportion formulas, the substrate is more in line with the characteristics of the optimal growth environment of alpine rhododendron, the properties of the substrate can be influenced on total nitrogen phosphorus potassium, inorganic nitrogen, quick-acting phosphorus and quick-acting potassium by the fermentation time, the addition amount of yeast in fermentation and the like, the mechanism water content is slightly influenced, and no obvious difference exists among all groups. The substrate physical and chemical properties are optimal according to the fermentation conditions given by the method by integrating various indexes.
Comparative application example 4
The biological diversity of southwest karst mountain land of Guiyang City of Guiyang province is utilized to protect national forestry and grassland bureau key laboratory equipment to carry out the property comparison between different matrixes, seven processing groups are set in the experiment, and the different matrixes are respectively:
treatment group one used the culture medium prepared in example 4;
the second treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the example 5;
the third treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the comparative example 4;
the fourth treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 5;
the fifth treatment group adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 6;
the treatment group six adopts the culture substrate prepared in the comparative example 7;
treatment group seven used the culture medium prepared in comparative example 8.
Weighing the same weight of each group of substrates of each treatment group, putting the substrates into a flowerpot with the caliber of 20cm for later use, selecting 210 respectively-grown 1-year-old Rhododendron delavayi Franch, Rhododendron delavayi Franch and Rhododendron delavayi Franch tissue culture seedlings, cultivating 1 in each pot, respectively cultivating 30 seedlings of each rhododendron in each treatment group, and keeping the same management and protection conditions after cultivation. After transplanting, the survival rate (%) of seedlings, the plant height (cm) and the leaf area (cm) of the seedlings were counted on the 40 th day 2 ) The total root length (cm), the dry matter content (g) and the chlorophyll SPAD value, and the results are shown in tables 16-18.
TABLE 16 Effect on Rhododendron delavayi growth after changing fermentation conditions
TABLE 17 Effect on growth of Azalea after changing fermentation conditions
TABLE 18 Effect on Rhododendron nonagromaculatum growth after changing fermentation conditions
From tables 16-18, the matrix configured in the scheme is remarkably superior to other proportion matrices in the three rhododendron tissue culture seedlings in the indexes, although the change of the fermentation condition mainly changes the fermentation time and the addition amount of yeast, the pH value of the matrix is mainly influenced, the pH value of the matrix exceeds the optimal growth environment of the rhododendron alpinum due to too short or too long fermentation time, the adverse symptoms of seedling burning are caused, and the rhododendron alpinum is not suitable for growth of the rhododendron, and the matrix configured in the scheme in the proportion is more suitable for growth of the rhododendron alpinum.
Comparative application example 5
The biological diversity of southwest karst mountain land of Guiyang City of Guiyang province is utilized to protect national forestry and grassland bureau key laboratory equipment to carry out the property comparison between different matrixes, the experiment sets up three processing groups, and different matrixes are respectively:
treatment group one used the culture medium prepared in example 4;
the second treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the comparative example 9;
the culture substrate prepared in comparative example 10 was used in treatment group three.
Weighing the same weight of substrate in each treatment group, respectively measuring the water content (the measuring method refers to a gravimetric method for measuring dry matter and water of HJ613-2011 soil), organic matters (NYT1121.6-2006 soil detection part 6: measuring soil organic matters), total nitrogen (a Kjeldahl method for measuring total nitrogen of soil quality), total phosphorus (an alkali fusion-molybdenum-antimony spectrophotometry method for measuring total phosphorus of HJ632-2011 soil), total potassium (a GB 9836 + 1988 soil total potassium measuring method), inorganic nitrogen (a combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of NYT1849 + 2010 acid soil), available phosphorus (a combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of NYT1849 + 2010 acid soil) and available potassium (a combined leaching-colorimetric method for measuring ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium of NYT1849-2010 acid soil), each group was repeated five times. The results are shown in Table 19.
TABLE 19 comparison of soil matrix chemistry
| Processing set one | Treatment group two | Treatment group three | |
| pH value | 5.1a | 5.2a | 5.2a |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 77.1a | 76.1a | 76.8a |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 14.8a | 13.7a | 13.4a |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 11.6a | 11.9a | 11.7a |
| Total potassium (g/kg) | 7.7a | 7.1a | 7.2a |
| Inorganic nitrogen (g/kg) | 20.9a | 20.7a | 17.7b |
| Quick-acting phosphorus (g/kg) | 4.5a | 4.7a | 2.9b |
| Quick-acting potassium (mg/kg) | 3.6a | 3.8a | 2.5b |
As can be seen from Table 19, the substrates within the range of the formulation ratios described in the method have no significant difference in pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium from the other treatment groups, but the first treatment group and the second treatment group are significantly higher than the third treatment group in terms of inorganic nitrogen, rapid-acting phosphorus and rapid-acting potassium, which indicates that the substrates composed of the bacteria stick particles selected by the method are better than the combinations of other particle sizes in terms of chemical properties.
Comparative application example 6
The biological diversity of southwest karst mountain land of Guiyang City of Guiyang province is utilized to protect national forestry and grassland bureau key laboratory equipment to carry out the property comparison between different matrixes, the experiment sets up three processing groups, and each group variable is a culture matrix, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
treatment group one used the culture medium prepared in example 4;
the second treatment group adopts the culture medium prepared in the comparative example 9;
the culture substrate prepared in comparative example 10 was used in treatment group three.
The same weight of each group of substrates is weighed and put into a flowerpot with the caliber of 20cm for standby. Selecting 90 seedlings of 1-year-old Rhododendron delavayi Franch, Rhododendron fasciatus, Rhododendron delavayi Franch and Rhododendron delavayi Franch with consistent growth, cultivating 1 seedling in each pot, cultivating 30 seedlings of each Rhododendron delavayi Franch in each treatment group, and keeping the same management and protection conditions after cultivation. After transplanting, the survival rate (%) of seedlings, the plant height (cm) and the leaf area (cm) of the seedlings were counted on the 40 th day 2 ) The total root length (cm), the dry matter content (g) and the chlorophyll SPAD value, and the results are shown in tables 20-23.
TABLE 20 Effect of varying proportions of the substrate formulations on the growth of Rhododendron delavayi Franch
TABLE 21 Effect of varying substrate formula ratios on growth of Azalea
TABLE 22 Effect of varying substrate formula ratio on Rhododendron delavayi Franch growth
TABLE 23 Effect of varying substrate formula ratios on growth of Rhododendron litchi
From tables 20-23, the matrix configured in the scheme is remarkably superior to the second treatment group and the third treatment group in the indexes of four rhododendron tissue culture seedlings, although the difference is not obvious after the second treatment group uses 3-4 mm bacteria stick particles to replace 5-10 mm bacteria stick particles on the basis of the chemical property of the matrix, one matrix particle is too small, so that the water drainage of the matrix is poor, and after the three-purpose 32-40 mm bacteria stick particles replace 20-30 mm bacteria stick particles, the gap is too large, so that the water retention is not facilitated, and the fertilizer effect release of the matrix is also not facilitated, and the two alternative schemes are not suitable for the growth of rhododendrons, but the matrix configured according to the scheme is more suitable for the growth of the rhododendrons.
In conclusion, the cultivation substrate provided by the scheme can effectively solve the problem of recycling of waste mushroom sticks and rapeseed cakes, changes waste into valuable, realizes maximum sustainable utilization of resources, and is convenient to obtain materials and sufficient in source compared with other existing schemes of alpine rhododendron cultivation substrates.
Although the present invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that various changes and modifications can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. The rhododendron lapponicum culture substrate is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by mass: 50-70% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20-30% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10-20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
2. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 50% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 30% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
3. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 70% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 10% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
4. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 25% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 15% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
5. The culture medium according to claim 1, wherein the culture medium consists of the following components in percentage by mass: 60% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, 20% of bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and 20% of fermented rapeseed cakes.
6. A method for preparing a culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
crushing the waste mushroom sticks to obtain mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm and mushroom stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm;
mixing the rapeseed cake, water and yeast, and carrying out sealed fermentation for 30-45 d to obtain the fermented rapeseed cake; the mass ratio of the rapeseed cakes to the water to the yeast is 1: (0.8-1): (0.001 to 0.005); the viable count of the yeast is (2.5-6.5) multiplied by 10 4 CFU/mL；
And mixing the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 5-10 mm, the bacteria stick particles with the particle size of 20-30 mm and the fermented rapeseed cakes according to a ratio to obtain the culture substrate.
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein the mushroom sticks are further subjected to pretreatment before being crushed; the pretreatment method comprises the following steps: and (5) sterilizing the mushroom sticks.
8. The method for preparing according to claim 7, wherein the method of sterilization treatment comprises: and steaming the fungus sticks for 20-40 min and then airing.
9. Use of the culture medium according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or the culture substrate prepared by the method according to any one of claims 6 to 8 for cultivating rhododendron lapponicum.
10. The use of claim 9, wherein the alpine rhododendron includes one or more of Rhododendron delavayi, Rhododendron pulchrum, Rhododendron delavayi and Rhododendron delavayi.
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| ZA2023/01357A ZA202301357B (en) | 2022-07-01 | 2023-02-02 | Culture substrate for rhododendron lapponicum, and preparation method and use thereof |
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