CN115038573A - 覆盖结构和smc模具以及用于制造这种覆盖结构的方法 - Google Patents

覆盖结构和smc模具以及用于制造这种覆盖结构的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115038573A
CN115038573A CN202180012078.3A CN202180012078A CN115038573A CN 115038573 A CN115038573 A CN 115038573A CN 202180012078 A CN202180012078 A CN 202180012078A CN 115038573 A CN115038573 A CN 115038573A
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China
Prior art keywords
smc
covering structure
matrix
mould
structure according
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Pending
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CN202180012078.3A
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English (en)
Inventor
斯特凡·弗劳恩霍费尔
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Georg Fitzmaier & CoKg GmbH
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Georg Fitzmaier & CoKg GmbH
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
    • B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
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    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

公开了覆盖结构、SMC模具以及用于制造覆盖结构的方法，所述覆盖结构具有SMC基体，所述SMC基体在SMC模具中与防火涂层一起挤压。

Description

覆盖结构和SMC模具以及用于制造这种覆盖结构的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种尤其是用于电池的覆盖结构，以及涉及一种片状模塑料(SMC)模具和一种用于制造这种覆盖结构的方法。
背景技术
近年来，存在用电动马达代替内燃机的趋势。一个问题在此是提供足够的电池容量。尤其在用电动马达实施的机动车中，为了确保令人满意的续驶里程必须安装具有大容量的电池。这些电池通常紧固在车辆的下底部上并且必须相应地受到保护以免受外部影响。这种被实施成具有底部通过保护的电池承载结构例如在DE 10 2011 005 403 A1和WO2018/149762 A1中公开。
在此，电池通常被容纳在一种电池盒中，通过该电池盒借助于底部通过保护相对于车道保护实际的电池。电池承载结构的朝向车身/车辆驾驶室的部分通过合适的覆盖结构覆盖。覆盖结构必须被构造成使得该覆盖结构在电池燃烧时在一定时间(例如5分钟)内经受热量产生，使得延迟蔓延到车辆驾驶室和其他车辆部件上。
这种类型的电池盒，也称为电池壳体，在公开文件DE 10 2010 043 899 A1中描述。在这种解决方案中，电池壳体构造有壳体盖和壳体底部，所述壳体盖相应于电池单池的外轮廓构造，所述壳体底部附接在罩形的壳体盖上。该电池壳体在已知的解决方案中由难燃的塑料制成。
这种解决方案不能经受较长的热量产生。
在文献DE 10 2013 220 778 A1中同样描述了一种由塑料制成的电池壳体，该电池壳体具有与上述电池壳体结构相同的缺点。
在非所述类型的公开文件DE 10 2009 050 787 A1中描述了一种由塑料构成的飞机构件，所述飞机构件为了改进火灾特性而被实施有包含云母的阻挡层。
已知这样的解决方案，其中，例如实施为电池箱盖的覆盖结构作为SMC(片状模塑料)构件制成并且所需的防火保护然后通过事后粘贴防火层、例如云母/黏结云母板来实现。
这种做法需要巨大的制造技术上的耗费。
发明内容
相比与此，本发明的任务是提供一种覆盖结构，该覆盖结构一方面满足防火技术要求并且另一方面能够以减小的耗费制造。此外本发明的任务是提供一种适合于制造这种覆盖结构的SMC模具以及一种用于制造这种覆盖结构的方法。
该任务在覆盖结构方面通过权利要求1的特征组合、在SMC模具方面通过并列权利要求13的特征解决并且在方法方面通过另外的并列权利要求15的特征组合解决。
本发明的有利的改进方案是从属权利要求的主题。
根据本发明的覆盖结构尤其被设置用于使用在电池盒壁中，优选用于电池盖中。这种覆盖结构具有SMC基体，该SMC基体由SMC坯件制成并且设有防火涂层。该防火涂层优选由一个或多个成型件构造并且在SMC模具中与SMC坯件一起被挤压。
因此，可以在一个工序中制造覆盖结构，从而与制造SMC基体和随后用防火涂层覆盖的传统方案相比，制造方法被显著简化。
在本发明的优选的实施例中，防火涂层被实施有根据预定的栅格/图案实施的穿孔，其中，通过穿孔形成的防火涂层的穿通部被设计成使得SMC结构的塑料基质在挤压和施加真空时能够穿过所述穿通部进入或者至少进入所述穿通部。
然后进入穿通部中的塑料基质使得成型件(防火涂层)和SMC基体之间的精确的位置定位和连接成为可能。
穿孔还使得可以构造穿过该穿孔的真空，从而防火涂层构成一种类型的筛板。
当穿通部在其拱腹面中具有针对性制造的不平部，该不平部设计成与硬化的基质构造形状配合/传力配合时，则可以进一步改善连接。
备选地或附加地，在这些穿通部的出口区域中可以构造毛刺，这些毛刺同样被设计成与硬化的基质构造形状配合/传力配合的连接。
在一种解决方案中，防火层的至少一个成型件设有连接层，所述连接层被设计用于在挤压时构造与SMC基体或SMC坯件的连接。连接层可以作为力配合/形状配合的备选方案或附加方案通过穿通部或紧固蘑菇设置。
如果连接层被实施有粉末粘结剂，则该连接可以特别简单地建立，所述粉末粘结剂在SMC挤压过程期间在通常提高的成形温度和施加的真空下被熔化/软化并且因此在硬化之后确保防火涂层可靠地连接到SMC基体上。
当连接层烧结时，该成型件的制造特别简单。
根据本发明优选的是，防火涂层基本由云母板/黏结云母板形成。在此，防火涂层优选由多个这种板组装而成。
为了改善电磁兼容性(EMV)并且因此为了相对于车辆的其他驱动和控制/调节元件进行屏蔽，覆盖结构可以实施有EMV层。
在特别简单构造的实施例中，EMV层被实施为铝蒙皮，该铝蒙皮覆盖所述覆盖结构或SMC基体。
当根据SMC基体的几何形状实施的EMV层/蒙皮与基体粘接时，该制造是特别简单的。
优选在SMC基体脱模之后立即进行粘接，因为SMC基体随后已被加热到合适的粘接温度。
尤其在汽车应用中优选的是，EMV层被施加在SMC基体的背离防火涂层的一侧上。
适合于制造上述覆盖结构的SMC模具具有上部模具和下部模具，上部模具和下部模具的型面共同限定用于使得覆盖结构成形的空腔，其中，可以在型面中、优选在下部模具的型面中构造与穿通部对准的凹穴，所述凹穴由穿通部的环周边缘区段式地覆盖。
通过这种覆盖，在挤压时构造交叉部，该交叉部被基质局部地从后面流动并且因此构造一种类型的紧固蘑菇，该紧固蘑菇有助于防火涂层相对于SMC基体的精确的位置固定。在挤压期间，防火涂层通过基质的流动压力压向工具的型面，从而在构造所提到的紧固蘑菇之前防止滑动。
覆盖部优选被实施成大于防火涂层的壁厚。
按照根据本发明的用于制造这种覆盖结构的方法，至少一个、优选多个构造防火涂层的成型件引入SMC模具中，尤其定位在下部模具的型面上。在置入成型件之前或之后，SMC坯件(也称作SMC组)定位在模具中并且随后通过闭合模具半部(上部模具/下部模具)并且施加真空将SMC坯件连同构造防火涂层的成型件挤压成覆盖结构或SMC基体。
申请人保留的是，对于用于利用构造穿孔和/或紧固蘑菇和/或实施有连接层的成型件将防火涂层相对于SMC基体/SMC坯件进行位置固定的变型方案提出各自的独立权利要求。
在备选的解决方案中，防火涂层和EMV层共同地在一个工序中与SCM基体粘接。这例如可以在粘接工具中进行，SMC基体、防火涂层(云母板)和EMV层(改形的铝箔)被置入到该粘接工具中。申请人保留的是，针对该备选方案提出各自的独立权利要求。
附图说明
下面借助于示意附图对本发明的优选实施例进行更详细阐述。示出了：
图1示出根据第一实施例的具有SMC坯件和防火涂层的打开的SMC模具的原理图；
图2示出根据第二实施例的防火涂层的区域的细节图；
图3示出在根据图2的部件挤压时穿过覆盖结构的截面；
图4示出图3中的细节B；
图5示出第一实施例的对应于图4的图示，其中，构造了紧固蘑菇；
图6示出第三实施例，其中，防火涂层被实施有连接层；
图7示出从SMC模具脱模之后的覆盖结构；
图8示出工作步骤的原理图，其中，在根据图7的覆盖结构上施加EMV层；
图9示出被实施有EMV涂层的覆盖结构的图示，以及
图10示出图9中的细节C。
具体实施方式
图1示出SMC制造单元的原理结构，该SMC制造单元具有由未示出的SMC压力机操纵的SMC模具1，该SMC模具具有上部模具2和下部模具4，上部模具和下部模具在根据图1的示图中彼此移开。在下部模具4中(并且相应地也在上部模具2中)构造有型面6、16(参见图3)，这些型面在闭合状态中构造用于使电池箱的覆盖结构成形的空腔。在图7中示出这种覆盖结构、例如电池盖，我们随后将讨论该覆盖结构。这些型面16、6相应于该覆盖结构的几何形状构造为3D面。在所示的实施例中，型面6在图1中的右侧区域中向上、朝向上部模具2凸出，从而构造凸出部8，该凸出部在经安装状态中覆盖车辆的部件、例如油箱等。在模具上部2中然后设置有相应的凹入部，从而在SMC模具1闭合时构造了导气罩。
SMC坯件10以及防火涂层12置入到打开的SMC模具1中。在所示的实施例中，防火涂层12多件式地由云母板12a、12b、12c构造，这些述云母板在所示的实施例中放置到型面6上。在此，云母板12c覆盖构成导气罩的凸出部8。与此相应地，云母板12a、12b、12c根据型面6或待成型的覆盖结构的轮廓来构造。
SMC坯件10例如由纤维垫、纤维织物等构成，其被塑料基质、例如聚酯树脂或乙烯基酯树脂包围，该塑料基质然后在挤压和施加真空时在被加热到变形温度/熔化温度的SMC模具1中熔化，使得SMC坯件10可以被改形成SMC基体32的预定几何形状并且在硬化/脱模之后保持该3D几何形状。
在图1中未示出其他部件/插入件，这些其他部件/插入件被引入SMC模具1中并且通过这些其他部件/插入件可以将覆盖结构例如安装在电池盒等上。
关于SMC方法的进一步细节，参考广泛的技术文献，使得在此仅须探讨对于理解本发明重要的细节。
图2示出防火涂层12的云母板12a、12b的第二实施例的局部视图，其中，穿通部14的距离被选择成略窄于图1中的距离，对此随后仍进行探讨。如上所述，云母板12a、12b与型面6或覆盖结构的轮廓相应地构造并且覆盖所述覆盖结构的在产生热量时被危害的区域。在所示的实施例中，云母板12a、12b、12c设有穿孔，该穿孔由上述的穿通部14构造，这些穿通部根据预定栅格贯穿云母板12a、12b、12c的板状材料。这些穿通部14被构造成，使得在挤压层时塑料基质可以进入到这些穿通部14中。在这种情况下，云母板12a、12b、12c通过流动压力以及施加的真空被压向型面6并被拉动并且由此可靠地位置固定。在图2中绘出了剖面线A-A，其大致示出通过在图3中示出的结构的剖面走向。
图3示出在挤压时的SMC模具1的局部视图。与此相应地，上部模具2和下部模具4进入到闭合状态，使得下部模具4的型面6和上部模具2的型面16形成前述空腔18、SMC坯件10和具有云母板12a、12b、12c等的防火涂层12容纳在该空腔中。在该视图中看到云母板12a的穿通部14中的两个穿通部。在挤压(闭合模具1、施加真空和升温)时，如上所述，云母板12a、12b、12c通过屈服力F被压向型面6。在挤压时熔化的塑料基质然后如用双箭头所示流入到穿通部14中。
如图4中的细节B所示，防火涂层12的每个穿通部14的拱腹部20不是光滑面状地构造，而是具有有意构造的不平部21、例如沟纹或隆起，塑料基质流入到所述不平部中并且因此构造局部的侧凹，所述侧凹在塑料基质硬化时用于使由SCM坯件10构造的SMC基体32传力配合并且形状配合地与防火涂层12连接。塑料基质进入到穿通部14的区域中有助于云母板12a、12b、12c相对于SMC坯件10(SMC包)的进一步的相对定位。
图5示出一种变型方案，其中，云母板12a、12b、12c与SMC坯件10之间的该相对定位被进一步改进。在该第一实施例中，在型面6中构造有凹穴22，这些凹穴关于穿通部14取向。与此相应地，型面6上的凹穴22的在图1中示出的栅格根据防火涂层12的穿孔的栅格来构造。然而，凹穴22的宽度或直径D大于穿通部14的宽度/直径D，从而在栅格的相同设计方案的情况下所述穿通部14的边缘区域区段式地覆盖凹穴22。
如图5所示，覆盖部ü被设计成使得该覆盖部比防火涂层12或云母板12a、12b、12c的壁厚w更大。
与此相应地来构造侧凹24a、24b，塑料基质在挤压时流入该侧凹中并且因此构造一种类型的紧固蘑菇26，通过该紧固蘑菇，云母板12a、12b、12c和SMC坯件10或SMC基体32在硬化之后传力配合并且形状配合地互相连接。
为了进一步改善SMC基体32和防火涂层12之间的连接，穿通部14的拱腹部20也可以被实施成具有不平部21。
通过构造所述紧固蘑菇26而可能的是，在根据图5的第一实施例中的穿通部14的栅格(也参见图1)大于在根据图2和图3的第二实施例中的穿通部14的栅格，这是因为在那里仅有相对较小的不平部21构造了形状配合。当备选地或附加地在每个穿通部14的环周边缘的区域中同样构造有构成侧凹的毛刺28等，也可以改善该形状配合。这些毛刺28在图4中以虚线示出。
在下部模具4或上部模具2的型面6或16中构造凹穴22和/或在防火涂层12中构造穿通部14是相对繁琐的。当防火涂层12(在所示的第三实施例中是云母板12a、12b、12c)设有粉末连接器30时，那么根据图6能够减小在装置技术和制造技术方面的耗费。在此可以涉及烧结的粉末连接器30，该粉末连接器的材料被选择成，使得该材料在挤压时由于提高的模具温度和真空在空腔18中熔化并且由此与SMC基体32或SMC坯件10构成紧密连接。与此相应地，这种粉末连接器30构造在防火涂层12的朝向SMC坯件10的大面上。
上述实施例的优点是，在图7中示出的SMC基体32在单级工艺中能够被构造为具有防火涂层12(在当前情况下为云母板12a、12b、12c)的复杂3D结构。随着SMC模具1中的这种挤压，置入SMC坯件10(SMC包)中或空腔18中的部件、例如紧固衬套34也被集成到SMC结构中或覆盖结构中，而不需要附加的加工。以这种方式，通过单级工艺，也能够制造适用于大电池容量的形状稳定的并且满足防火规定的覆盖部，所述覆盖部能够具有明显大于1m2的面积。
为了改善EMV，可以在图7中示出的SMC基体32上在背离防火涂层的大面上施加EMV层(蒙皮)。在所示的实施例中，该EMV层由铝箔/铝蒙皮36构造，该铝箔/铝蒙皮在改形模具中根据SMC基体32的3D几何形状而改形。然后，该铝箔36在面对SMC基体32的大面上设置有粘合层。
在随后的工序中，与防火涂层12挤压在一起的SMC基体32从SMC模具1脱模并且以脱模温度被带到粘合压力机或者其他粘接工具中，放置铝箔36并且然后与SMC基体32挤压在一起，从而在该工序之后构造有覆盖结构38、例如电池箱的电池盖，该电池盖朝向车辆驾驶室设置有EMV层并且朝向电池设置有防火涂层12。
图10示出图9中的细节C，也就是覆盖结构38的层结构，具有处于上方(根据图10的视图)的铝箔36，该铝箔通过粘接缝隙40面状地与SMC基体32连接。该SMC基体又以前述方式传力配合/形状配合地与防火涂层12、例如云母板12a、12b、12c连接，使得确保均匀的层结构，所述层结构在EMV问题、耐火性和机械强度方面被优化。
公开了覆盖结构、SMC模具以及用于制造覆盖结构的方法，所述覆盖结构具有SMC基体，所述SMC基体在SMC模具中与防火涂层一起挤压。
附图标记列表
1 SMC模具
2 上部模具
4 下部模具
6 型面
8 凸出部
10 SMC坯件
12 防火涂层
12a 云母板
12b 云母板
12c 云母板
14 穿通部
16 型面
18 空腔
20 拱腹部
21 不平部
22 凹穴
24 侧凹
26 紧固蘑菇
28 毛刺
30 粉末连接器
32 SMC基体
34 紧固衬套
36 铝箔/铝蒙皮
38 覆盖结构
40 粘接缝隙。
权利要求书(按照条约第19条的修改)
1.一种覆盖结构，尤其用于电池，所述覆盖结构具有SMC基体(32)，所述SMC基体(32)设置有防火涂层(12)，其特征在于，由至少一个成型件实施的防火涂层(12)和构造SMC基体(32)的SMC坯件(10)在SMC模具(1)中被挤压，其中，所述防火涂层(12)具有根据预定栅格的穿孔，其中，通过所述穿孔形成的穿通部(14)被设计成使得SMC坯件(10)的塑料基质在挤压时可以穿过所述穿通部(14)或者进入所述穿通部。
2.根据权利要求1所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述穿通部(14)在所述穿通部的拱腹部(20)中具有不平部(21)，所述不平部(21)被设计用于与硬化的塑料基质构造形状配合/传力配合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的覆盖结构，其中，在所述穿通部(14)的环周区域中构造有毛刺(28)，所述毛刺(28)被设计用于与硬化的塑料基质构造形状配合/传力配合。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的覆盖结构，其中，构造所述防火涂层(12)的成型件设有连接层，所述连接层被设计成，在挤压时构造与所述SMC基体(32)或所述SMC坯件(10)的连接。
5.根据权利要求4所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述连接层是粉末粘结剂(30)，所述粉末粘结剂(30)被设计成在所述SMC模具(1)中熔化或软化。
6.根据权利要求4或5所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述连接层是被烧结的。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述防火涂层(12)基本由云母板(12a、12b、12c)构成。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的覆盖结构，具有EMV层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述EMV层是铝蒙皮(36)。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述EMV层与所述SMC基体(32)粘接。
11.根据权利要求8至10中任一项所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述EMV层布置在所述SMC基体(32)的背离所述防火涂层(12)的大面上。
12.一种将SMC模具与根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的SMC覆盖结构(38)组合的布置，所述SMC模具用于制造所述SMC覆盖结构(38)，所述SMC模具具有上部模具(2)和下部模具(4)，所述上部模具(2)和下部模具(4)的型面(6、16)共同限定用于使得SMC基体(32)成形的空腔(18)，其中，在型面(6、16)中、优选在所述下部模具(4)的型面(6)中构造有与所述穿通部(14)对准的凹穴(22)，所述凹穴(22)被所述穿通部(14)的环周边缘区段式地覆盖。
13.根据权利要求13所述的SMC模具，其中，覆盖部(ü)大于所述防火涂层(12)的壁厚(w)。
14.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的覆盖结构的方法，具有步骤：
-将构造防火涂层(12)的成型件置入SMC模具(1)中，其中，所述防火涂层(12)与下部模具(4)或上部模具(2)相邻，
-将SMC坯件(10)置入到所述SMC模具(1)中，并且
-将SMC坯件(10)与所述防火涂层(12)挤压成SMC基体(32)，其中，所述防火涂层(12)具有穿通部(14)和在型面中与所述防火涂层的所述穿通部对准的凹穴(22)，使得所述SMC坯件(10)的塑料基质在挤压时穿过所述穿通部(14)并进入所述凹穴(22)。
15.根据权利要求14所述的用于制造覆盖结构的方法，具有步骤：
-将EMV层施加到所述SMC基体(32)上。
16.根据权利要求15所述的用于制造覆盖结构的方法，其中，所述施加是粘接，所述粘接在将所述SMC基体(32)从所述SMC模具(1)脱模之后立即进行。

Claims (17)

1.一种覆盖结构，尤其用于电池，所述覆盖结构具有SMC基体(32)，所述SMC基体设置有防火涂层(12)，其特征在于，由至少一个成型件实施的防火涂层(12)和构造SMC基体(32)的SMC坯件(10)在SMC模具(1)中被挤压。
2.根据权利要求1所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述防火涂层(12)具有根据预定栅格的穿孔，其中，通过所述穿孔形成的穿通部(14)被设计成使得SMC坯件(10)的塑料基质在挤压时可以穿过所述穿通部(14)或者进入所述穿通部。
3.根据权利要求2所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述穿通部(14)在所述穿通部的拱腹部(20)中具有不平部(21)，所述不平部(21)被设计用于与硬化的塑料基质构造形状配合/传力配合。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的覆盖结构，其中，在所述穿通部(14)的环周区域中构造有毛刺(28)，所述毛刺(28)被设计用于与硬化的塑料基质构造形状配合/传力配合。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的覆盖结构，其中，构造所述防火涂层(12)的成型件设有连接层，所述连接层被设计成，在挤压时构造与所述SMC基体(32)或所述SMC坯件(10)的连接。
6.根据权利要求5所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述连接层是粉末粘结剂(30)，所述粉末粘结剂(30)被设计成在所述SMC模具(1)中熔化或软化。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述连接层是被烧结的。
8.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述防火涂层(12)基本由云母板(12a、12b、12c)构成。
9.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的覆盖结构，具有EMV层。
10.根据权利要求9所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述EMV层是铝蒙皮(36)。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述EMV层与所述SMC基体(32)粘接。
12.根据权利要求9至11中任一项所述的覆盖结构，其中，所述EMV层布置在所述SMC基体(32)的背离所述防火涂层(12)的大面上。
13.一种用于制造根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的SMC覆盖结构(38)的SMC模具，所述SMC模具具有上部模具(2)和下部模具(4)，所述上部模具(2)和下部模具(4)的型面(6、16)共同限定用于使得SMC基体(32)成形的空腔(18)，其中，在型面(6、16)中、优选在所述下部模具(4)的型面(6)中构造有与所述穿通部(14)对准的凹穴(22)，所述凹穴(22)被所述穿通部(14)的环周边缘区段式地覆盖。
14.根据权利要求13所述的SMC模具，其中，覆盖部(ü)大于所述防火涂层(12)的壁厚(w)。
15.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至12中任一项所述的覆盖结构的方法，具有步骤：
-将构造防火涂层(12)的成型件置入SMC模具(1)中，其中，所述防火涂层(12)与下部模具(4)或上部模具(2)相邻，
-将SMC坯件(10)置入到所述SMC模具(1)中，并且
-将SMC坯件(10)与所述防火涂层(12)挤压成SMC基体(32)。
16.根据权利要求15所述的用于制造覆盖结构的方法，具有步骤：
-将EMV层施加到所述SMC基体(32)上。
17.根据权利要求16所述的用于制造覆盖结构的方法，其中，所述施加是粘接，所述粘接在将所述SMC基体(32)从所述SMC模具(1)脱模之后立即进行。
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