CN115025620A - 一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜及其生产工艺 - Google Patents
一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜及其生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115025620A CN115025620A CN202210803897.6A CN202210803897A CN115025620A CN 115025620 A CN115025620 A CN 115025620A CN 202210803897 A CN202210803897 A CN 202210803897A CN 115025620 A CN115025620 A CN 115025620A
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- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000001728 nano-filtration Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000001263 acyl chlorides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- -1 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229920001661 Chitosan Polymers 0.000 claims description 47
- 150000003242 quaternary ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 23
- GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M dimethyl-bis(prop-2-enyl)azanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C=CC[N+](C)(C)CC=C GQOKIYDTHHZSCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium persulfate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]S(=O)(=O)OOS([O-])(=O)=O ROOXNKNUYICQNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001870 ammonium persulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000005521 carbonamide group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000502 dialysis Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene Substances C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001376 precipitating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical class O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical compound [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920005597 polymer membrane Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 52
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229910001425 magnesium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium ion Chemical compound [Mg+2] JLVVSXFLKOJNIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 4
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical group [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004695 Polyether sulfone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000191967 Staphylococcus aureus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003385 bacteriostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920006393 polyether sulfone Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002390 rotary evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylacetamide Chemical compound CN(C)C(C)=O FXHOOIRPVKKKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004696 Poly ether ether ketone Substances 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005576 amination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003763 carbonization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002057 carboxymethyl group Chemical group [H]OC(=O)C([H])([H])[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009388 chemical precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010889 donnan-equilibrium Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009881 electrostatic interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002808 molecular sieve Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium aluminosilicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O URGAHOPLAPQHLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/027—Nanofiltration
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- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/30—Polyalkenyl halides
- B01D71/32—Polyalkenyl halides containing fluorine atoms
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,属于高分子膜技术领域,包括以下步骤:将聚合物溶于溶剂中得到铸膜液,将铸膜液在60℃下搅拌后静置脱泡,冷却至室温涂覆在无纺布上,然后浸入25℃去离子水中,1h后取出,用去离子水清洗得到基膜;将基膜固定在聚丙烯框中,用橡胶辊除去基膜表面残留的水分得到膜框,将膜框浸渍于水相溶液中15‑25s后取出,在空气中停留250‑300s后浸渍于有机相溶液中,交联反应1‑2h后取出,自然晾干,得到盐湖提锂用纳滤膜;首先利用聚合物制备基膜,然后以胺基水相溶液和酰氯基有机相溶液在基膜表面发生交联反应得到纳滤膜,不仅具有较高的镁锂离子分离性能,还具有抗菌耐污染特性。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于高分子膜技术领域,具体地,涉及一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜及其生产工艺。
背景技术
盐湖卤水组成复杂,是含有Na+、K+、Li+、Mg2+、Ca2+等离子的盐类,获得锂资源需将Li与其他阳离子分开。盐湖卤水通过晒盐得到钠盐、结晶得到钾盐后用于锂的提取。卤水中最具干扰的元素是镁,因为锂和镁有非常相近的离子性能,其离子半径几乎相同(0.07nm),这使得两者的分离变得十分复杂和困难。盐湖卤水提锂主要有溶剂萃取法、化学沉淀法、蒸发结晶法、煅烧浸取法、吸附法、纳滤法和碳化法等。
纳滤法是分离无机盐技术中的一种新型的膜分离技术,是一种压力驱动膜,由于在膜上或膜中常带有荷点基团,通过静电相互作用,产生Donnan效应,对不同价态的离子,具有不同的选择性,从而实现不同价态离子的分离,一般来说,纳滤膜对单价盐的截留率较低,具有相当大的渗透性,而二价及多价盐的截留率较高,从而实现镁离子和锂离子的有效分离,中国专利CN11417775A公开了一种基于膜分离-吸附协同盐湖提锂的纳滤膜及其制备方法和应用,通过浸没沉淀相转化技术,使用氨基类聚合物一步法原位改性聚酰亚胺纳滤膜,制备得到具有正电性质的疏松聚酰亚胺纳滤膜,进而通过死端过滤技术将锂离子筛吸附剂固定在疏松聚酰亚胺纳滤膜的支撑层,最终得到的盐湖提锂纳滤膜的平均孔径小于<1nm,对镁离子具有优异的截留性能,对锂离子具有特异性的吸附渗透作用,进而提高了锂离子的渗透速率。该专利采用锂离子筛吸附剂提高锂离子的吸附渗透作用,由于锂离子筛自身对锂离子的高吸附特性,会造成锂离子在分子筛内部的聚集,后续难以对锂离子全部脱出,并且现有的纳滤膜在使用过程中容易出现膜污染,尤其是生物污染,首先微生物吸附并沉积在膜表面或膜孔中,之后细菌继续成长繁殖,最终在膜表面形成一层凝胶状的生物污染膜层,该膜层会破坏膜的化学结构,影响膜的渗透性能,缩短膜的使用寿命,因此,提高纳滤膜的抗菌性能、降低膜的微生物污染是非常重要的。
发明内容
为了解决背景技术中提到的技术问题,本发明提供一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜及其生产工艺。
本发明的目的可以通过以下技术方案实现:
一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
第一步、将聚合物溶于溶剂中得到铸膜液,将铸膜液在60℃下搅拌4h并保温静置脱泡4h,然后冷却至室温将铸膜液涂覆在无纺布上,涂覆厚度为100-400μm,然后立即浸入25℃去离子水中,1h后取出,用去离子水清洗3-4遍后得到基膜;
第二步、将基膜固定在聚丙烯框中,用橡胶辊除去基膜表面残留的水分得到膜框,将膜框浸渍于水相溶液中15-25s后取出,在空气中停留250-300s后浸渍于有机相溶液中,交联反应1-2h后取出,自然晾干,得到盐湖提锂用纳滤膜。
进一步地,水相溶液由聚乙烯亚胺、季铵盐接枝壳聚糖、氨基化碳量子点、甲醇和去离子水按照质量比3-4:0.3-0.5:0.5-1.0:30:70-80混合而成。
进一步地,有机相溶液由酰氯单体和正己烷按照质量比0.5-1:99-105混合而成,酰氯单体由1,3,5-苯三甲酰氯、对苯二甲酰氯按照质量比1:1组成。
进一步地,氨基化碳量子点由以下步骤制成:
将聚乙烯亚胺加入烧瓶中,升温至175℃保温10min后将所得液体立即滴加至去离子水中且不停搅拌,冷却至室温,转移至透析袋(2000Da)中透析3d,然后将透析液在1bar条件下用孔径0.45μm的聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤去除大颗粒物质,滤液旋蒸去除水分,得到氨基化碳量子点,聚乙烯亚胺和去离子水的用量比为1g:10mL,基于碳量子点表面的官能团种类较为单一不够丰富,无法形成足够(可以对离子进行截留和分离)致密的过滤层,本发明以聚乙烯亚胺为碳源,制备出富含氨基的碳量子点,通过交联成膜在纳滤膜中引入碳量子点,进而提高纳滤膜对Li+的渗透性,原因在于,纳滤膜中氨基化碳量子点表面的正电势较高,膜对Mg2+的排斥力比Li+强,使碳量子点表面有大量的Li+和少量的Mg2+,因此,Li+进入碳量子点内部孔道的机会更多,进而更好地实现Li+和Mg2+的分离。
进一步地,季铵盐接枝壳聚糖由以下步骤制成:
将壳聚糖粉末、乙酸和去离子水混合2-4h,用氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至9,待白色沉淀析出抽滤,用蒸馏水洗至溶液呈中性,抽滤沉淀后,得到预处理壳聚糖,将预处理壳聚糖加入异丙醇中,搅拌30min后静置1-2h,氮气保护下,升温至75℃,滴加二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液,滴加结束后,搅拌反应8-10h,加入过硫酸铵搅拌反应1-2h,反应结束后,加入无水乙醇,沉淀,抽滤,再用丙酮浸泡1-2h,洗涤抽滤干燥,得到季铵盐接枝壳聚糖;
其中,壳聚糖粉末、乙酸和去离子水的质量比为1:1:48-50,氢氧化钠溶液浓度为1mol/L,预处理壳聚糖、异丙醇和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量比3:20-30:0.6-0.8,二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液浓度为0.5g/mL,过硫酸铵用量为预处理壳聚糖和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量和1-2%,先采用碱性对壳聚糖进行预处理,然后利用壳聚糖的氨基与二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵中的不饱和双键反应,使二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵接枝于壳聚糖分子链上,然后在过硫酸铵的引发作用下,使二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵发生聚合反应,得到接枝有重复单元(季铵盐分子链)的壳聚糖,即季铵盐接枝壳聚糖。
进一步地,铸膜液中聚合物和溶剂的用量比为0.05-0.35kg:1L,聚合物为聚砜、聚醚砜、聚偏氟乙烯、聚四氟乙烯和聚醚醚酮中的至少一种,溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮和四氢呋喃中的至少一种。
进一步地,一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜由上述生产工艺制得。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明制备的纳滤膜主要应用于纳滤法盐湖提锂中,首先利用聚合物制备基膜,然后以胺基水相溶液和酰氯基有机相溶液在基膜表面发生交联反应得到纳滤膜,该纳滤膜水通量在47L/(m2·h)以上,镁离子截留率在91%以上,锂离子截留率在18.5%以下,大肠杆菌率抑菌率在97%以上,金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率在86%以上,不仅具有较高的镁锂离子分离性能,还具有抗菌耐污染特性,主要原因在于,本发明在水相溶液中引入了氨基化碳量子点和季铵盐接枝壳聚糖,基于多个亲水基团氨基、季铵盐结构的存在,促进了液滴的扩散与渗透,使纳滤膜具体更高的渗透性,并且氨基化碳量子点和季铵盐接枝壳聚糖均能够参与纳滤膜的交联固化,通过化学反应达到锚固效果,提高界面结合力,其中氨基化碳量子点的存在能够提高纳滤膜对Li+和Mg2+的分离效果,季铵盐接枝壳聚糖的存在能够发挥优异的抗菌耐污特性。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
本实施例提供一种氨基化碳量子点,由以下步骤制成:
将5g聚乙烯亚胺加入烧瓶中,升温至175℃保温10min后所得液体立即滴加至50mL去离子水中且不停搅拌,冷却至室温,转移至透析袋(2000Da)中透析3d,然后将透析液在1bar条件下用孔径0.45μm的聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤,滤液旋蒸去除水分,得到氨基化碳量子点。
实施例2
本实施例提供一种氨基化碳量子点,由以下步骤制成:
将10g聚乙烯亚胺加入烧瓶中,升温至175℃保温10min后所得液体立即滴加至100mL去离子水中且不停搅拌,冷却至室温,转移至透析袋(2000Da)中透析3d,然后将透析液在1bar条件下用孔径0.45μm的聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤,滤液旋蒸去除水分,得到氨基化碳量子点。
实施例3
本实施例提供一种季铵盐接枝壳聚糖,由以下步骤制成:
将壳聚糖粉末、乙酸和去离子水按照质量比1:1:48混合2h,用浓度1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至9,待白色沉淀析出抽滤,用蒸馏水洗至溶液呈中性,抽滤沉淀后,得到预处理壳聚糖,将预处理壳聚糖加入异丙醇中,搅拌30min后静置1h,氮气保护下,升温至75℃,滴加二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液,滴加结束后,搅拌反应8h,加入过硫酸铵搅拌反应1h,反应结束后,加入无水乙醇,沉淀,抽滤,再用丙酮浸泡1h,洗涤抽滤干燥,得到季铵盐接枝壳聚糖,预处理壳聚糖、异丙醇和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量比3:20:0.6,过硫酸铵用量为预处理壳聚糖和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量和1%,二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液浓度为0.5g/mL。
实施例4
本实施例提供一种季铵盐接枝壳聚糖,由以下步骤制成:
将壳聚糖粉末、乙酸和去离子水按照质量比1:1:50混合4h,用浓度1mol/L氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至9,待白色沉淀析出抽滤,用蒸馏水洗至溶液呈中性,抽滤沉淀后,得到预处理壳聚糖,将预处理壳聚糖加入异丙醇中,搅拌30min后静置1-2h,氮气保护下,升温至75℃,滴加二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液,滴加结束后,搅拌反应10h,加入过硫酸铵搅拌反应2h,反应结束后,加入无水乙醇,沉淀,抽滤,再用丙酮浸泡2h,洗涤抽滤干燥,得到季铵盐接枝壳聚糖,预处理壳聚糖、异丙醇和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量比3:30:0.8,过硫酸铵用量为预处理壳聚糖和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量和2%,二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液浓度为0.5g/mL。
对比例1
本对比例为西安容百生物科技有限公司出售的羧甲基壳聚糖。
实施例5
一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
第一步、将聚合物溶于溶剂中得到铸膜液,将铸膜液在60℃下搅拌4h并保温静置脱泡4h,然后冷却至室温将铸膜液涂覆在无纺布上,涂覆厚度为100μm,然后立即浸入25℃去离子水中,1h后取出,用去离子水清洗3遍后得到基膜;
第二步、将基膜固定在聚丙烯框中,用橡胶辊除去基膜表面残留的水分得到膜框,将膜框浸渍于水相溶液中15s后取出,在空气中停留250s后浸渍于有机相溶液中,交联反应1h后取出,自然晾干,得到盐湖提锂用纳滤膜。
所述水相溶液由聚乙烯亚胺、实施例3季铵盐接枝壳聚糖、实施例1氨基化碳量子点、甲醇和去离子水按照质量比3:0.3:0.5:30:70混合而成。
所述有机相溶液由酰氯单体和正己烷按照质量比0.5:99混合而成,酰氯单体由1,3,5-苯三甲酰氯、对苯二甲酰氯按照质量比1:1组成。
所述铸膜液中聚合物和溶剂的用量比为0.05kg:1L,聚合物为聚砜、聚醚砜,溶剂为N,N-二甲基甲酰胺。
实施例6
一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
第一步、将聚合物溶于溶剂中得到铸膜液,将铸膜液在60℃下搅拌4h并保温静置脱泡4h,然后冷却至室温将铸膜液涂覆在无纺布上,涂覆厚度为200μm,然后立即浸入25℃去离子水中,1h后取出,用去离子水清洗3遍后得到基膜;
第二步、将基膜固定在聚丙烯框中,用橡胶辊除去基膜表面残留的水分得到膜框,将膜框浸渍于水相溶液中20s后取出,在空气中停留280s后浸渍于有机相溶液中,交联反应1.5h后取出,自然晾干,得到盐湖提锂用纳滤膜。
所述水相溶液由聚乙烯亚胺、实施例4季铵盐接枝壳聚糖、实施例2氨基化碳量子点、甲醇和去离子水按照质量比3:0.4:0.58:30:75混合而成。
所述有机相溶液由酰氯单体和正己烷按照质量比0.8:100混合而成,酰氯单体由1,3,5-苯三甲酰氯、对苯二甲酰氯按照质量比1:1组成。
所述铸膜液中聚合物和溶剂的用量比为0.25kg:1L,聚合物为聚醚醚酮,溶剂为N,N-二甲基乙酰胺。
实施例7
一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,包括以下步骤:
第一步、将聚合物溶于溶剂中得到铸膜液,将铸膜液在60℃下搅拌4h并保温静置脱泡4h,然后冷却至室温将铸膜液涂覆在无纺布上,涂覆厚度为400μm,然后立即浸入25℃去离子水中,1h后取出,用去离子水清洗4遍后得到基膜;
第二步、将基膜固定在聚丙烯框中,用橡胶辊除去基膜表面残留的水分得到膜框,将膜框浸渍于水相溶液中25s后取出,在空气中停留300s后浸渍于有机相溶液中,交联反应2h后取出,自然晾干,得到盐湖提锂用纳滤膜;
所述水相溶液由聚乙烯亚胺、实施例3季铵盐接枝壳聚糖、实施例1氨基化碳量子点、甲醇和去离子水按照质量比4:0.5:1.0:30:80混合而成。
所述有机相溶液由酰氯单体和正己烷按照质量比1:105混合而成,酰氯单体由1,3,5-苯三甲酰氯、对苯二甲酰氯按照质量比1:1组成。
所述铸膜液中聚合物和溶剂的用量比为0.35kg:1L,聚合物为聚醚砜,溶剂为二甲基亚砜。
对比例2
将实施例5中氨基化碳量子点去除,其余原料及制备过程同实施例5。
对比例3
将实施例6中的季铵盐接枝壳聚糖替换成对比例1中物质,其余原料及制备过程同实施例6。
一、将实施例5-7和对比例2-3所制备的纳滤膜进行水渗透通量和盐截留率测试,在错流式膜片检测台上,测试条件为:(1)氯化镁水溶液2000ppm,操作压力70psi、测试温度25℃和pH值6.5-7.5,(2)氯化锂水溶液2000ppm、操作压力70psi、测试温度25℃和pH值6.5-7.5,记录水渗透通量(J)和盐截留率(R),每个膜样品至少测试3次,结果取其平均值,水渗透通量和盐截留率的计算公式如下:
J=v/(A×t),式中J代表水的渗透通量(L/(m2·h));V代表水的渗透体积(L);A代表膜的有效面积(m2);t代表渗透时间(h);
表1
由表1可以看出,实施例5-7中的纳滤膜基膜厚度不同,对水通量不同,且随着基膜厚度的增加,水通量减少,并且盐截留率较高,水通量在47L/(m2·h)以上,镁离子截留率在91%以上,锂离子截留率在18.5%以下,由对比例2和实施例5相比可知,氨基化碳量子的加入使纳滤膜内部形成多个细小通道,增加水通量,并且在不影响镁离子截留率的情况下,由于碳量子表面官能团较少,对锂离子的截留率更低,由对比例3和实施例6相比可知,季铵盐接枝壳聚糖加入由于引入较多的亲水季铵盐基团,使水通量增加。
将实施例5-7和对比例2-3所制备的纳滤膜进行抗菌性能测试,采用大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作为细菌模型,利用震荡法,通过培养基中的细菌数来技术纳滤膜的抑菌率,测试结果如表2所示:
表2
由表2可以看出,实施5-7所制备的纳滤膜具有较高的抑菌率,大肠杆菌率抑菌率在97%以上,金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌率在86%以上,相比于对比例3而言,实施例5-7纳滤膜兼具季铵盐和壳聚糖的抗菌性能,抗菌耐污性能更加优越。
在说明书的描述中,参考术语“一个实施例”、“示例”、“具体示例”等的描述意指结合该实施例或示例描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点包含于本发明的至少一个实施例或示例中。在本说明书中,对上述术语的示意性表述不一定指的是相同的实施例或示例。而且,描述的具体特征、结构、材料或者特点可以在任何的一个或多个实施例或示例中以合适的方式结合。
以上内容仅仅是对本发明所作的举例和说明,所属本技术领域的技术人员对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代,只要不偏离发明或者超越本权利要求书所定义的范围,均应属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (8)
1.一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
第一步、将聚合物溶于溶剂中得到铸膜液,将铸膜液在60℃下搅拌后静置脱泡,冷却至室温涂覆在无纺布上,然后浸入25℃去离子水中,1h后取出,用去离子水清洗后得到基膜;
第二步、将基膜固定在聚丙烯框中,用橡胶辊除去基膜表面残留的水分得到膜框,将膜框浸渍于水相溶液中15-25s后取出,在空气中停留250-300s后浸渍于有机相溶液中,交联反应1-2h后取出,自然晾干,得到盐湖提锂用纳滤膜;
其中,水相溶液由聚乙烯亚胺、季铵盐接枝壳聚糖、氨基化碳量子点、甲醇和去离子水按照质量比3-4:0.3-0.5:0.5-1.0:30:70-80混合而成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,氨基化碳量子点由以下步骤制成:
将聚乙烯亚胺加入烧瓶中,升温至175℃保温10min后将所得液体滴加至去离子水中且不停搅拌,冷却至室温,转移至透析袋中透析3d,然后将透析液在1bar条件下用孔径0.45μm的聚四氟乙烯滤膜过滤,滤液旋干,得到氨基化碳量子点。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,聚乙烯亚胺和去离子水的用量比为1g:10mL。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,季铵盐接枝壳聚糖由以下步骤制成:
将壳聚糖粉末、乙酸和去离子水混合2-4h,用氢氧化钠溶液调节pH至9,待白色沉淀析出抽滤,用蒸馏水洗至溶液呈中性,抽滤沉淀后,得到预处理壳聚糖,将预处理壳聚糖加入异丙醇中,搅拌后静置1-2h,氮气保护下,升温至75℃,滴加二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液,搅拌反应8-10h,加入过硫酸铵搅拌反应1-2h,反应结束后,加入无水乙醇,沉淀,抽滤,再用丙酮浸泡1-2h,洗涤抽滤干燥,得到季铵盐接枝壳聚糖。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,壳聚糖粉末、乙酸和去离子水的质量比为1:1:48-50,预处理壳聚糖、异丙醇和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量比3:20-30:0.6-0.8,二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵溶液浓度为0.5g/mL,过硫酸铵用量为预处理壳聚糖和二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵质量和1-2%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,铸膜液中聚合物和溶剂的用量比为0.05-0.35kg:1L。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜的生产工艺,其特征在于,有机相溶液由酰氯单体和正己烷按照质量比0.5-1:99-105混合而成,酰氯单体由1,3,5-苯三甲酰氯、对苯二甲酰氯按照质量比1:1组成。
8.一种盐湖提锂用纳滤膜,其特征在于,由权利要求1-7任一项所述的生产工艺制备而成。
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